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In German-speaking archaeology, recent theoretical debate has led to the challenging of several long-standing narratives – centring amongst others on peoples, mobility or violence. Implementing these changing narratives within exhibition concepts proves to be a tightrope walk. Drawing from exhibitions and exhibition catalogues from the last few decades, this paper will highlight the use, role, and problematics of these narratives within early medieval archaeology. In order to find productive ways forward, I will present some ideas on how to confront these problems and how to present complex narratives to the public., Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 81

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 61

With the digital recording of early medieval burial complexes in England now very advanced, this essay argues that such data can be harnessed to address broader questions about the communities represented. Taking an explicitly demographic approach, as proposed here, gives us a way of moving beyond some of the taxonomic concerns that still largely dominate the subject. We present a selection of methods aimed at profiling burial communities, with a view to understanding populations, their distributions, in-group composition, health, and group and individual biographies. This essay then describes some of the advantages of integrating cultural and bioarchaeological evidence to enable us to think about demographic information at different scales., Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 245

Band 71 der Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi setzt die Publikation der keilschriftlichen Funde aus der Hethiterhauptstadt Boğazköy-Ḫattuša fort. Lieferungen 1–5 enthalten die Textfunde der Grabungskampagnen 2017 (Nr. 26–36), 2018 (Nr. 39–82), 2019 (Nr. 86–95), 2020 (Nr. 96–101), 2021 (Nr. 102–10) sowie Nachträge zu früheren Heften (Nr. 1–25, 37–38, 83–85, 111–24).

The results of the excavation of the Early Medieval cemetery at Broechem has provided us with a great deal of new scientific information (Annaert 2018). Not only are funerary rituals and material culture better understood, but the post-excavation research enables us to use this micro-view of graves and the cemetery to create a broader macro-view of this peripheral region of Northern Francia. The rich dataset from the cemetery shines a new light on Early Medieval socio-economic life and opens the door to launch a debate with the existing traditional paradigms and to create new narratives., Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 149

Medieval feudalism, while it took different forms in different parts of the world, shared one common characteristic: the military, political, and economy foundations of society were constructed with peasant labor. The “state” could not exist, in this form, without a compliant peasantry. The everyday lives of peasantsliving in the pre-industrial world thus evokes images of immobility, servitude, and a legal and social status that remained static over time. The realities of peasant life in the Islamicate world, however, were quite different. This paper explores the marked inequalities of the mutually dependent relationships that developed between the Mamluk and Ottoman sultanates and peasant society, focusing on two areas of encounter and control that mattered most to both sets of actors: food production and peasant mobility in its many forms (relocation, dislocation, abandonment of villages, and mass migration). Land use and human migration provide us with a unique vantage point to study strongly asymmetrical dependencies on the scale of the village and over la longue durée. A joint archaeological-textual study of two villages in Palestine and Transjordan offer us a regionally comparative context.

Elektronische Reproduktion von: Die kupfernen Schwergeräte Südosteuropas / vorgelegt von Franz Schuber. - 155, 89 Bl. - Marburg, Univ., Diss., 1964. - Maschinenschriftl. (Nicht für den Austausch). - Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek, Bibliothek Vor- und Frühgeschichte. - Signatur: grau Os 1300. - Digitalisiert 2022, Elektronische Reproduktion von: Die kupfernen Schwergeräte Südosteuropas / vorgelegt von Franz Schuber. - 155, 89 Bl. - Marburg, Univ., Diss., 1964. - Maschinenschriftl. (Nicht für den Austausch). - Standort: Universität Marburg, Universitätsbibliothek, Bibliothek Vor- und Frühgeschichte. - Signatur: grau Os 1300. - Digitalisiert 2022

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 9

Der Artikel gibt eine kurze Einführung in das Leben im iranischen Hochland zur Zeit der Teispiden und Achämeniden.

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 227

Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11New Narratives for the First Millennium AD?: Alte und neue Perspektiven der archäologischen Forschung zum 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr., p. 103

In the absence of a postal service available to all, letters exchanged between the inhabitants of Roman Egypt were most often transmitted with the help of informal bearers whose task was not limited to carrying a letter: they brought or collected goods, helped the recipients, sometimes received assistance, facilitated money transfer, performed escort and police duties, and more generally they were an essential link within a wide social network. This short study not only covers formal aspects, such as terminology or the place of the bearer in the structure of a business letter, but also provides a description of the role of the bearers and of their interaction with both senders and recipients.

The city of Leontopolis in Isauria first appears in the sources towards the end of the 5th century, more precisely: in a legal text of the later Codex Iustinianus. In general, the surviving information is very sparse. In this essay, the source material is reviewed, in particular the mentioned law and the Martyrdom of Konon of Bidana. On this basis, a date of foundation is suggested, a new localisation of the city is established and the question of its own episcopal see is pursued.

Elektronische Reproduktion von: Zur Frage "Koberstadter Kultur" : Text / Karl Dielmann. - o.O., [1949]. - III, 138 gez. Bl. ; 4 [Maschinenschr.] . - Marburg, Phil. F., Diss. v. 21. M��rz 1949 (Nicht f. d. Austausch). - Standort: Universit��t Marburg, Bibliothek Vor- und Fr��hgeschichte. - Signatur: Diss.-Arch., Maschinenschriftl., nicht einsehbar. - Bemerkungen: Digitalisiert 2021, Vorwort. 11 Inhaltsverzeichnis. 14 Einleitung 15 1 I. Nordgruppe 17 3 - A) Grabfunde 17 3 - B) Grabanlagen 25 11 - C) Regionale Beziehungen 29 15 - D) Chronologie 40 26 - Anmerkungen 45 31 II. S��dgruppe 50 36 - A) Grabfunde 51 37 - - 1) Waffen und Ger��t 51 - - 2) Schmuck 55 41 - - 3) Grabkeramik 74 60 - B) Grabanlagen 88 74 - C) Siedlungsfunde 95 81 - D) Reginale Beziehungen 100 86 - E) Chronologie 105 91 - Anmerkungen 108 93 III. Zusammenfassung 116 101 Listen 127 112 Abk��rzungsverzeichnis 149 134 Tafel- und Kartenverzeichnis 150 135

Geoarchaeological information presented here pertains to a subsidiary Nile channel that once flowed west of the main Sebennitic distributary and discharged its water and sediments at Egypt’s then north-central deltaic coast. Periodical paleoclimatic episodes during the later Middle and Upper Holocene included decreased rainfall and increased aridity that reduced the Nile’s flow levels and thus likely disrupted nautical transport and anthropogenic activity along this channel. Such changes in this deltaic sector, positioned adjacent to the Levantine Basin in the Eastern Mediterranean, can be attributed to climatic shifts triggered as far as the North Atlantic to the west, and African highland source areas of the Egyptian Nile to the south. Of special interest in a study core recovered along the channel are several sediment sequences without anthropogenic material that are interbedded between strata comprising numerous potsherds. The former are interpreted here as markers of increased regional aridity and reduced Nile flow which could have periodically disrupted the regional distribution of goods and nautical activities. Such times occurred ~5000 years B.P., ~4200–4000 years B.P., ~3200–2800 years B.P., ~2300–2200 years B.P., and more recently. Periods comparable to these are also identified by altered proportions of pollen, isotopic and compositional components in different radiocarbon-dated Holocene cores recovered elsewhere in the Nile delta, the Levantine region to the east and north of Egypt, and in the Faiyum depression south of the delta.

Introduction – Reflections on Concepts of Health in Their Context. Contrary to what is often believed, health is not simply an objective condition that is easily determined and measured by strict medical criteria in clinical or scientific settings. It is a multifaceted phenomenon whose perception and understanding is influenced profoundly by people’s personal experience, cultural background and social environment. Correspondingly, there is great variety in concepts and definitions of health, both today and in a historical perspective. This collection of studies examines a number of such contextual factors that influence concepts, values and practices related to health, both present and past. It also makes a number of recommendations relevant to medical professionals, politicians, patients and other healthcare stakeholders as to how healthcare systems can be improved and enriched. It advocates a holistic approach to the understanding of health and disease, which involves embracing historical and philosophical concepts in medical reasoning, learning from health practices originated in other parts of the world and establishing interdisciplinary ways of thinking in biomedical research and clinical care.

The Art of Medicine and Philosophy: On the Genesis of a Basic Relationship in European Thought. Referring to the examples of Hippocrates and Socrates, in this essay, we establish the thesis that philosophy and medicine in Greek philosophy are to be regarded as strongly interdependent. In their view, interpretations of health and disease are intertwined with various contexts or settings such as living conditions, environment and climate, which has implications for the therapy of patients as an art of healing. The relevance and philosophical perspectives of this epoch for modern medicine and public health on a globalized planet are highlighted.

Health, Lifestyle and Responsibility: Historical Roots and Current Perspectives. The question to what extent health and disease are matters of individual and collective human responsibility was first raised and systematically discussed in ancient Greek medicine and philosophy in the 5th and 4th century BCE. This chapter discusses the consequences of these discussions for the definition of the aims and methods of the medical art, in particular the preservation and enhancement of health and the prevention of disease through lifestyle-related prophylactic and therapeutic measures. It also considers some of the implications of these ancient discussions for today’s theory and practice of preventative and lifestyle-related medicine.

Reason as Therapy and Illness: Medical Figures of Thought in the History of Philosophy. This paper tackles the question how philosophers have used medical metaphors, analogies or aspects of medical theories in their works. It discusses the idea of ancient Greek philosophy as a medicine of the soul, as well as the Christian surgery of the text-body and finally, how madness became a central problem for the philosophical conception of reason.

The Amazon Basin: A Forgotten Cultural Landscape and Its Medicine. While the Amazon region’s ecological importance remains uncontested, its role as a cultural hotspot is largely unknown to most people. Yet, recent archeological findings revise the image of a lush but inhospitable landscape whose farm produce could not sustain advanced civilization. The indigenous people today are only a tiny remainder of a far bigger population that developed impressive agricultural and forest engineering skills – until it was wiped out by diseases brought in from Europe. In fact, modern medicine benefits greatly from biological knowledge of indigenous Amazonians even today. This resource could prove to be much more valuable than any short-term profit realized by slash-and-burn farming or the extraction of raw materials. Therefore, it is all the more important to protect this endangered region. Scientific research will not only help to rescue indigenous biomedical knowledge, it will also give back respect and dignity to socalled savages and their cultural achievements.

With Empire of the Black Sea: the Rise and Fall of the Mithridatic World (2020), Duane Roller has published the first English monograph meant to cover the Pontic Kingdom of the Mithradatid dynasty. Although he falls short of presenting an up-to-date bibliography, the book is likely to become an influential reference work. The present chapter aims at closing several of the bibliographical gaps, by surveying recent (and forthcoming) scholarship especially on the kingdom’s history prior to Mithradates VI Eupator. Topics include the Achaemenid ancestry of Mithradates of Kios, the flight of Mithradates I Ktistes to Kimiata, the role of the Galatians in the rise of the kingdom, the historicity of Mithradates III, the wars and diplomacy of Pharnakes I, the putative sibling marriage of Mithradates IV, chronological aspects of the rule of Mithradates V, and the continuity of Mithradatid foreign policies.

Abstract This dissertation presents complex cultural adaptations to the largest Afroalpine ecosystem of the continent: the high-altitude Bale Mountains in the Southeastern Ethiopian Highlands. Human occupation of African tropical highland environments is considered a relatively recent development due to the general perception of high�altitude environments as unfavorable for human subsistence. Moreover, these environments are believed to have functioned as a migration barrier in the past, due to their physiological challenges, such as high-altitude hypoxia, higher energy demand, cold stress, or UV radiation. As a consequence, the high-altitude regions remained among the least researched areas in several disciplines. Archaeological research in Ethiopia is still today largely concentrated on the main Rift Valley and on the landscapes and ecosystems of elevations below 2500 m above sea level. Thus, the western part of the Southeastern Ethiopian Highlands, particularly the Arsi-Bale complex landmass, is one of the most neglected regions for the study of Middle and Later Stone Age cultural changes. Only recently, an interdisciplinary research unit (DFG FOR 2358, The Mountain Exile Hypothesis) was established to reconstruct the coupled landscape and human history of the Bale Mountains. In contrast to the general perception, it is hypothesized that especially during arid Quaternary climate phases, the well-watered and stable ecosystems of the Bale Mountains might have even acted as a glacial refuge for plants and animals, but humans as well. As part of the contribution of this research group, the goal of this dissertation is to investigate the evidence of prehistoric hunter-gatherer settlements and cultural responses to high-altitude environments. Archaeological survey and excavations on three selected rock shelters in the upper Web Valley in the northwest of the Bale Mountains provided evidence of prehistoric hunter-gatherer’s occupations dating back to 47 ka cal. BP and continuing until the end of the Holocene around 2 ka cal. BP. Abstract vi At least four major Paleolithic occupational events were identified and documented, based on the stratified deposits of the selected rock shelters. The earliest phase of human occupation at the Bale Mountains is associated with a late Middle Stone Age assemblage at Fincha Habera rock shelter (3469 m asl). These Late Pleistocene occupations were connected with the extraordinary exploitation of a large rodent, the giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus). A total of 1026 lithic, around 2306 faunal remains, and 86 coprolite samples were analyzed to understand the late MSA cultural adaptations at the Bale Mountains. Excavations at Simbero and Mararo rock shelters also show that the high altitudes of the Bale Mountains were repeatedly occupied by LSA cultural groups from 15 to 2 ka cal. BP. While the Terminal Pleistocene settlements were represented by limited archaeological records, later hunter-gatherer occupations during the Middle and Late Holocene show a dramatic subsistence change in response to the high-altitude environments. The LSA cultural phase at these sites contains the lithic assemblages of around 6900 lithic artifacts and 1479 faunal remains. The latter include birds and fishes, and hint at the exploitation of a heterogeneous spectrum of wild animals. The lithic assemblages show a high frequency of microliths and additional tools classes such as borers, probably related to the subsistence to the high-altitude environments. Almost all lithic artifacts were made on locally available obsidian from the Wasama Ridge around the central Plateau of the Bale Mountains. The presence of a few exotic materials such as non-local obsidian and chalcedony in the lithic assemblages show the existence of regional contacts among hunter-gatherers in South and Southeastern Ethiopia. This study also suggests that the Bale Mountains lithic industries represent local specificities stone tool production as a long-term technological change in adapting to the high-altitude environments. Since the Bale Mountains complex was an open system, the typology and technology of the late MSA and LSA lithic assemblages show a notable technical similarity to the sites in the southern Ethiopian Rift Valley and the Abstract vii Southeastern Ethiopian Highlands. Based on the identified lithic composition and the technological changes, in association with the exploitation of abundant high-altitude resources including indigenous resources and raw material, the high-altitude regions of the Bale Mountains probably functioned as a paleoenvironmental refuge during environmental changes between OIS 3 to OIS 1. More archaeological data from the Arsi-Bale Mountain complex and other high-altitude regions are needed to support the contribution of this study.

Archaeometric ceramic analysis has a long tradition. The work presented here by a research group of the Excellence Cluster Topoi focuses on the relationships between project design, methods utilized, and achieved results in focus. The concepts of the described projects were developed together in the group and are presented and discussed in a comparative way. Common to all of the projects was the question of economic spaces, which can be determined by means of ceramic analysis. Surprisingly often, the initial hypothesis of centralized production and broad distribution could not be verified – from the Neolithic to the Roman Empire, household production remains a prevalent model. It becomes consistently clearer that further results can only be realized via extensive intra-site analysis. An important methodological focus rests in the verification of the usefulness of portable x-ray fluorescence analysis. This method only makes sense from project to project; an ideal work flow for the application of pXRF technology is provided.

The diffusion of innovations from the Near East into the ‘static’ surrounding peripheries has become a well-known archaeological paradigm, often summed up as Ex Oriente Lux. While this conflicts with modern, scientifically controlled chronologies, it is difficult to explain as mere local developments and pure chance the appearance of large-scale communication networks, the transformation of power concentrations in the first states, or the diffusion of the wheel, alloyed metals, and writing. The papers in this volume follow two approaches to convene on new insights into the prehistoric and ancient innovation process. Theoretical perspectives attempt to challenge and modify traditional models of innovation diffusion that lack the chronological depth of archaeological sources, while case studies from the Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages of Europe, southwest Asia, and North Africa analyze the specific archaeological and sociopolitical contexts, the technological traditions of innovations, and the specifications of their emergence, spread, and improvements.