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Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thyroglossal cyst is one of the most frequent congenital anomaly in cervical region. It usually manifests before the age of 10 years as a painless swelling in the middle of the neck near the hyoid bone. The thyroglossal cyst arises from the persistent obliterated remnant of thyroglossal duct, an embryonic pouch descending from foramen caecum in the embryonic period to form thyroid gland. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical and sonographic examination, accompanied by CT or MR imaging if needed. Treatment of choice is Sistrunk procedure: surgical resection of the cyst along with the hyoid bone. The most common complications include infection, recurrence of the cyst or fistula formation. Rarely a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is found in the tissue of the cyst. Here we present an uncommon case of thyroglossal cyst with cysto-tracheal fistula, which was found in a full-term newborn. The cyst was manifested as a soft swelling on the left side of the neck, the neonate also suffered from respiratory distress with wheezing and stridor. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance showed a cyst filled with fluid and air, deviating soft tissues and trachea. The diagnostic puncture of the cyst was performed followed by a contrast X-ray examination to detect tracheal fistula. Due to the respiratory complications the cyst was surgically extirpated 8 days after birth, together with the tracheal fistula. Histological analysis showed thyroglossal duct tissue. After discharge the patient was followed up, the control MR showed complete healing of the wound and returning of the neck structures into the physiological position. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the wide differential diagnosis of congenital cervical cysts and to demonstrate the possibility of surgical treatment in the newborn period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the etiology of intestinal pathogens in children hospitalised at the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Brno, in 2015-2016 with a focus on rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). Methods: A retrospective study evaluates pediatric patients aged 0-18 with symptoms of gastroenteritis hospitalized from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Rectal swabs for cultivation of the intestinal pathogens were collected from all patients and, in some cases, the stool samples for the identification of viral antigens and for the detection of Clostridium difficile. Results: Patients with gastroenteritis were hospitalized in a total of 1083 in 2015 and 988 in 2016. We proved a viral infection at 36.0% and 29,0% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. RVGE were confirmed in 28.2% and 18.2%, adenovirus gastroenteritis in 3.2% and 5.0%, norovirus gastroenteritis in 4.6% and 5.8%. Both years bacterial infections were confirmed in 14.6% of patients, most of them salmonellosis (9.3%, 8.3%), less campylobacteriosis (4.2%, 5.2%), the clostridial colitis (0.9%, 0.7%) and the least of all yersinioses (0.0%, 0.4%). No one was hospitalized with an infection caused by Shigella spp. Etiology remained unclear in 49.7% and 56.6% cases in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Maximum cases of viral diseases occurred in children under 5 years of age (83.3%, 82.5%), specifically in the age group 13-36 months (44.6%, 47.6%). The highest number of cases in patients with RVGE were also in children under 5 years of age (82.3%, 80.6%) and 13-36 months (41.0%, 42.8%). Maximum cases of bacterial diseases occured in children over 5 years of age (54.4%, 46.5%). Most RVGE were registered in April 2015 and in March and April 2016. Conclusion: Patients with RVGE, even at a time of available vaccination, form a significant proportion of patients treated for gastroenteritis (23.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the epidemy of hepatitis A in children from 0 to 18 years admitted for compulsory isolation at the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Brno, between March 2016 and March 2017 from Brno and the South Moravian Region. Methods: A retrospective study evaluated pediatric patients (0-18 years) hospitalized for hepatitis A (VHA) confirmed by the serological positivity of anti-HAV IgM antibodies. We evaluated age, sex, contact with infection, interval from the beginning of clinical symptoms to date of admission, duration of hospitalization, clinical symptoms, vaccination against VHA. Results: 61 patients (26 girls and 35 boys) were hospitalized with VHA diagnosis. The youngest patient was 12 months old, the oldest 18 years old. The mean age of patients was 6.63±4.48 years, median 6 years. The average length of hospitalization was 11.3±7.52 days. At the age of 1-3 years, 19.7% of patients were hospitalized, 27.9% at age 3-6, 31.1% at age 6-12, 21.3% at age 12-18. In 19.7% cases an inicteric form of VHA was present, in 63.9% an anicteric form, in 16.4% an inaparent form. Epidemiologically significant contact with the infection was recorded in 90.2% of cases. Contacts prevailed in the family or pre-school and school facilities. The most common symptoms were symptoms of the gastrointestinal system, icterus and subfebrilia or febrilia. The clinical course of VHA was benign, asymptomatic infections were numerous. In 98.4% of patients, the course of VHA was uncomplicated, the prolonged course with laboratory relapse was recorded in 1.6% of cases. 24.6% of patients were prophylactically vaccinated for up to one month prior admission. Conclusion: In 2016 and 2017, the largest epidemic of VHA occurred in SMR since 1989, cases from the SMR constituted a half of all cases in the Czech Republic. The anicteric form prevailed among children. The age groups represented the most in children (0-18 years) were children in pre-school and younger school age. Early vaccination of contacts is a very important precaution limiting the spread of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slovak children spent almost all afternoon with sedentary activities. Such manner negatively influences physical fitness compared to previous generations. Reduction in regular physical activity is linked with daily routine changes of children due to compulsory full-time schooling. Regular physical activity performed from an early children age does not influence only physical fitness, rather favor heathy child growth and reduces risk of overweight and obesity in advanced age. Regular physical activity helps with developing skills, promotes social behaviour, family life and psychosocial health. Daily recommended physical activity for children is 90 min of moderate intensity or 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity. Physical activities could be split and cumulated. Active movement should be partly performed in schools as a subject of Physical and Sports education, organized in clubs and leisure time. Recommended physical activities include strength training, for its beneficial effects on healthy physical growth, correct body-control, which is fundamental for every physical movement and sport. Our recommendation and guidelines provide basic information for parents and teachers to gauge sufficient physical activities of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-Pedagogium is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Histamine intolerance (hereinafter referred to as HIT) is a disease which belongs to food intolerance disorders. Only several studies aimed at histamine intolerance research have been carried out in paediatric environment. Reasons behind the development of HIT may be an excessive accumulation of histamine in organism and a disorder of metabolic degradation of histamine. The clinical picture of HIT consists of several non-specific signs and symptoms which are often similar to allergic reactions. HIT poses a diagnostic problem, as an effective diagnostic tool for HIT is unavailable. A frequently used clinical method is to determine activity and concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum and in biopsy sample from intestinal epithelium. It is also possible to apply molecular genetics examination of polymorphisms in gene for DAO. However, the stated types of examination function as additional information only, as they do not lead to confirmation or exclusion of the disease. Clinical diagnosis is usually determined by a positive response of patients to low histamine diet and by an extensive diagnostical exclusion of other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Monogenic obesity is caused by a mutation in on of the genes regulating leptin-melanocortin pathway, which is playing a key role by maintaining energetic homeostasis of organism, mainly inducing a feeling of satiety. Aim: The aim of this work is to conclude results of DNA analysis of monogenic obesity in laboratorium DIABGENE in years 2009-2015. This work is focused on etiology and epidemiology of the most frequent types of monogenic obesity in children. Patients and methods: DNA analysis of varios genes was performed together in 565 patients with a clinical suspicion of monogenic obesity to date. The suggested most frequent type of monogenic obesity (due to a mutation in melanocortin receptor 4 gene - MC4R) was analysed in 268 patients with obesity onset up to 11. years, without other specific clinical signs. In patients with more specific clinical signs (endocrinopathies, infections, decreased growth, red hair, hypocorticism and other) was performed DNA analysis of other genes (SIM1, LEP, LEPR, POMC) causing monogenic obesity. Results: We have found 2 probands (0.7%) with a MC4R mutation in our study. One mutation was found in SIM1 gene and no mutations in LEP, LEPR and POMC gene to date, reffering Slovakia to European countries with probably the lowest prevalence of monogenic obesity. Conclusion: Monogenic obesity is a rare cause of childhood obesity in Slovakia, however searching and diagnosing of these patients is very important, because of the need of specific management as well as real possibility of causal treatment today or in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is trying to provide a comprehensive view of the role of enteral nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). By influencing nutrition, we can not only induce remission of Crohn's disease, or supplement the nutritional deficiency in patients with IBD, but we can influence one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. The complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of IBD include interactions between genetic factors, diet, intestinal microbiom and mucosal immune system. Current knowledge suggests, that by modifying eating habits we can not only change the development of an already ongoing disease, but also influence the risk of developing IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Bone remodelling is regulated by hormones and paracrine factors. Vitamin D deficiency is often present in patients with chronic disease, but also among healthy children. Aims: To investigate vitamin D deficiency and other markers of bone metabolism among Slovak out-patients and hospitalized children. Methods: In this prospective single center study serum levels of vitamin 25-OH-D3 and bone markers were investigated in spring (march-may) and/or in autumn (september - november) in children aged 6-18 years. Results: We enrolled 199 children, in 70 we performed two examinations in spring and in autumn. Serum level of vitamin D in the entire cohort was 22.5±9.3 ng/ml with a significant seasonal variability (20.4±9.1 ng/ml in spring vs. 25.7±8.9 ng/ml in autumn, p<0.0001) that was present in both the control group (n=84) and in children with chronic disease (n=72), except children with inflammatory bowel disease (n=43). Overall, vitamin D deficiency was present in 20.0% of cases, in spring in 27.3% and in autumn in 9.3%. Parathyroid hormone was elevated in 57.1% of patients with vitamin D deficiency and correlated negatively with vitamin D levels (r=-0.541, p=0.001). In adolescent children, vitamin D level correlated positively with osteoprotegerin level (r=0.362, p=0.036) and the OPG/RANKL ratio (r=0.524, p=0.001) and negatively with RANKL level (r=-0.524, p=0.001). Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of insufficient vitamin D levels that was associated with increased parathyroid hormone and in adolescents with increased RANKL level with potentially negative impact on bone health. It is important to draw parents´attention to the importance of vitamin D supplementation, particularly in winter, in both, children with chronic diseases as well as healthy ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteogenesis imperfecta presents a group of genetically determined disorders, resulting in brittle bones. This condition is mostly caused by mutation in the genes encoding type I. collagen. Data about different types of illness, its hereditability, and treatment possibilities significantly increased during recent years. This review should bring state of art information about this disease in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and adolescents exposed to serious traumatic event are at an increased risk for developing the posttraumatic stress disorder. Both diagnostics and treatment, especially in younger children are complicated due to the child's developmental state in emotional, cognitive and relationship area. The authors describe types of child trauma as well as characteristics of its clinical consequences and possibilities for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech & Slovak Social Work / Sociální Práce / Sociálna Práca is the property of Czech & Slovak Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Education / Sociální Pedagogika is the property of Tomas Bata University, Research Centre of the Faculty of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To compare measurements of internal size of patent ductus arteriosus on transthoracic echocardiography with angiography, serving as the gold standard, in infants and children. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from paediatric patients undergoing transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus device closure in a tertiary paediatric cardiac centre between March 2013 and March 2014 was performed. Internal size measurements of patent ductus arteriosus were performed retrospectively on recorded echocardiographic and angiographic images independently on 2 separate occasions by two observers on a mutually agreed image. Results: In total 47 patients with available adequate echocardiographic and angiographic images were identified. Median age of patients was 7.5 years (range 8 months - 15 years) and average weight was 12.5 kg (SD 7.5 kg). Intra-observer correlation coefficient was 0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.25-0.69) and inter-observer correlation coefficient was 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.18-0.65) for echocardiographic measurements and 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.61-0.85) and 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.9) for angiographic measurements, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.275 and interclass correlation coefficient was 0.247 between echocardiographic and angiographic measurements of ductal internal size, by a single observer, suggesting poor correlation and agreement. The measurements of the same duct by the same observer from echocardiogram and angiogram were significantly different (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on our data, angiographic measurement considered the gold standard for assessment of patent arterial ductal size does not correlate well with echocardiographic measurements. This may have implications for treatment strategies based on echocardiographic ductal size measurements only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the second or third most common infections in pediatric age. Therefore, each pediatrician needs to be informed about the diagnosis and treatment of UTI. There are different approaches in different age groups, there are also differences in the management of the first and recurrent UTI. There exist several different national guidelines that sometimes differ considerably and no worldwide accepted guideline exists. The authors from the Working Group Pediatric Nephrology of the Czech Pediatric Society present here the Czech national Guidelines for the diagnosis UTI in children and adolescents. They present the definition, prevalence, diagnostics, treatment, prognosis and follow-up in pediatric population with urinary tract infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tento článek nabízí shrnutí toho, jak se náhled sociálních věd na rozvod a porozvodová uspořádání v posledních několika desetiletích proměňoval. Zároveň bychom rády upozornily na význam dítěte, nejen v procesu re-konstrukce rodin, ale i v obecnějším diskurzu nové sociologie dětství. Text lze rozdělit na dvě části: První část čtenáře seznamuje s demografickými daty indikujícími rozvodovost a existenci složených rodin v České republice. Věnuje se také způsobům, jakými tuto situaci reflektují čeští sociologové a jejich zahraniční kolegové. S cílem upozornit na roli dítěte v procesu utváření nových rodin se druhá část věnuje širším konceptuálním a metodologickým aspektům nového pojetí dětství v sociálních vědách. Aplikaci nového metodologického a tematického přístupu pak představujeme na několika výzkumech týkajících se tématu rozvodu.

Vrůstání do světa dospělých prostřednictvím orientace v mezilidských vztazích, v jejich utváření, fungování a v pravidlech, která jsou s nimi spojena, patří k základním pilířům socializace. Nová paradigmata dětství pak poukazují na svébytnost a samostatnost dítěte při konstrukci reality, k níž patří i realita vztahová. Jednou ze zajímavých otázek je proto otázka významů a souvislostí, které spojují děti s mezilidskými vztahy, jež je bezprostředně obklopují. Text předkládá výsledky kvalitativního šetření, které využilo principy zakotvené teorie při hledání odpovědi na základní výzkumnou otázku: „Jak vidí mezilidské vztahy v rodině děti mladšího školního věku?“ Šetření bylo realizováno s 25 dětmi ve věku 7–8 let prostřednictvím semistrukturovaných rozhovorů. Soustředilo se přitom na vnímání různých rovin vztahů v rodině a jejich dimenze. Prostřednictvím analýzy bylo možné vykreslit některé rysy dětského pojetí rodinných vztahů z hlediska jejich hlavního vnímaného obsahu, především intimity, stability a podpory, prožitky dětí spojované s mezilidskými vztahy v rodině, aktivity užívané k hodnocení vztahů a dětmi pociťovaný vlastní vliv na rodinné vztahy.