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Sella turcica (ST) is one of the bony structures used as an indicator for predicting skeletal growth and development of dental and skeletal malocclusions in humans.The aim of this investigation is to assess the correlation between the morphological characteristics of the ST and the occurrence of dental anomalies. Мaterials and methods: The study group comprised 109 patients (62 males and 47 females) aged 8-17 years. All subjects were evaluated cephalometrically. The dental anomalies (hypodontia, hyperdontia, palatally displaced canine, transposition and impaction of teeth) were determined by clinical and radiographic examination. The morphology of ST was estimated on a ceph x-ray through analysis of its length, depth and anteroposterior diameter. The results showed the presence of hypodontia in 52 subjects, the palatally displaced canine in 2, and a canine impaction only in 1 patient. A significant difference in the depth and anteroposterior diameter of ST (p < 0.001) were found between the groups with and without dental anomalies. There were no significant differences between groups for length values of ST. Conclusion: Knowing the morphological characteristics of ST in a certain population is of great importance for taking early orthodontic treatment in order to prevent the occurrence of later severe disorders in the craniofacial complex. Orthodontists need to know the various morphologies of the ST to differentiate normal from abnormal appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bawa Yawan Rock Shelter is one of the critical Palaeolithic sites discovered recently in the Central Zagros in Western Iran. The site exhibits a rich assemblage from the Middle Palaeolithic (Zagros Mousterian) to the Epipalaeolithic, and it discloses one Neanderthal canine tooth. The site stands out as one of the handfuls of Palaeolithic sites in the Central Zagros that contain human remains. Therefore, establishing a reliable chronology revealing the temporal period in which Neanderthals inhabited the region plays a significant role in our understanding of the human past in the region. We employed luminescence dating in combination with Bayesian modelling to improve the precision of the estimated ages. Our results indicate that the Middle Palaeolithic assemblages unearthed from geological layers GH3 to GH5 in the site fall in the [58–80] ka time frame (68% credible interval). More importantly, the Bayesian age for the layer containing the Neanderthal remains exhibited [65–71] ka (68%). This age contradicts the previous 14C-based chronology. We argue that it is likely that the 14C dates underestimate the timing of the Middle Palaeolithic industries at Bawa Yawan. Furthermore, our study reveals the first luminescence age for the Epipalaeolithic in the Central Zagros, which is dated to [13–15] ka (68%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is an essential indicator of a patient's general condition. However, conventional measurement methods have some issues such as time delay and interference by ambient light. Improved measurement methods must be developed, and there are no reports on intraoral measurements of SpO2 using wearable devices. Therefore, we aimed to establish an intraoral SpO2 measurement method for the first time. Twelve healthy adults participated in this study. The following steps were taken: (1) to identify the optimal measurement location, mid-perfusion index (PI) values were measured at six places on the mucosa of the maxilla, (2) to validate the optimal measurement pressure, PI values were obtained at different pressures, and (3) using the proposed mouthpiece device, SpO2 values in the oral cavity and on the finger were analyzed during breath-holding. The highest PI values were observed in the palatal gingiva of the maxillary canine teeth, with high PI values at pressures ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 N. In addition, changes in SpO2 were detected approximately 7 s faster in the oral cavity than those on the finger, which is attributed to their proximity to the heart. This study demonstrates the advantage of the oral cavity for acquiring biological information using a novel device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library, EBSCO, Web of Science Databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify relevant studies. ADDIS 1.16.6 and Stata 16.0 software were used for NMA. Results: Five thousand five hundred and forty-two articles were searched out. After screening by two independent investigators, forty-seven randomized controlled trials, 1 390 participants, were included in this network meta-analysis. A total of 11 interventions involving Piezocision (Piezo), Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), Plate- let-rich plasma(PRP), Electromagnetic field(EF), Low intensity laser therapy(LLLT), Low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LI-PUS), Low-frequency vibrations(LFV), Distraction osteogenesis(DAD), Corticotomy(Corti), Microosteoperforations (MOPS), Traditional orthodontic(OT)were identified and classified into 3 classes including surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment and traditional orthodontic treatment. According to SUCRA probability ranking of the best intervention effect, when orthodontic treatment lasted for 1 month, PBMT (90.6%), Piezo(87.4%) and MOPs(73.6%)were the top three interventions to improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 2 months, Corti (75.7%), Piezo (69.6%) and LFV(58.9%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 3 months, Cort (73.3%), LLLT(68.4%)and LFV(60.8%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. Conclusion: PBMT and Piezo can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement significantly after 1 month, while Corti and LFV can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement better after 2 and 3 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate the age at death of archaeological individuals through a radiographic analysis of the pulp/tooth area ratio in canines, according to Cameriere et al.'s method (2007) and its corresponding version adapted and validated for the contemporary Brazilian population. Sixty canines recovered from 30 individuals in five pre-colonial archaeological sites (Buracão, Piaçaguera, Tenório, Moraes, and Capelinha) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were examined. The specimens are under the custody of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology at the University of São Paulo (MAE-USP). Pulp and tooth radiographic areas were measured by two examiners in the free software ImageJ®. The data were applied to formulas to obtain age estimates. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, p=0.05) was calculated to analyze intra- and inter-examiner agreement. The estimates were compared against those previously cataloged by the MAE-USP using other anthropological methods. There was a significant intra-examiner (ICC = 0.888 to 0.99) and inter-examiner (ICC = 0.842 to 0.908) reproducibility regarding the estimated ages. Our data indicated that the accuracy of age estimates obtained through the analysis of pulp/tooth area ratio were similar to, or greater than, those previously determined by techniques commonly used in bioarchaeology. The method described herein can be accurately applied to individuals from a Brazilian archaeological collection, with the possibility of estimating their age based on the examination of a single tooth. However, this method should be ideally combined with other techniques and further studies should be performed using sample populations from different archaeological sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tiny feline mandibular corpus fragment from the late Middle Pleistocene fossil hominin locality of Hualongdong is reported here as a new species Prionailurus kurteni. This species represents the smallest known fossil member of the family Felidae to date, comparable in size to two of the smallest modern cats, P. rubiginosus and Felis nigripes. It is unique in having a small p4 mesial accessory cuspid, very weak p4 distal cingulid, relatively deep mandibular corpus under m1, and a distally located anterior border of the masseteric fossa. A notable synapomorphy observed in the lineage including Prionailurus, Felis and Otocolobus, is the mesially inclined m1. The identification of P. kurteni suggests a potentially high diversity of Prionailurus during the prehistorical time, underscoring the significance of revisiting the taxonomy of small Felidae to gain a better understanding of the evolution and diversification of this family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) has been reported to be the most prevalent odontogenic tumor in dogs. The most common location of this tumor is the rostral mandible. Symphyseal-sparing mandibulectomy has been shown to be an effective technique to maintain mandibular continuity and promote early return to function. In this retrospective study, 35 dogs with CAA associated with a mandibular canine tooth were evaluated following a symphyseal-sparing rostral mandibulectomy. Dogs with intraoperative transection of the canine tooth root and subsequent root fragment extraction were included. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcome following excision of CAA with mid-root transection. Data retrospectively evaluated in this study included the following: narrowest tumor margin, narrowest tumor margin at the border associated with the transected canine root, tumor size, and prevalence of local recurrence. This study showed that 82.86% of CAA were completely excised with tumor-free margins (N = 29). The median narrowest overall tumor-free margin was 3.5 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0-6.5 mm) and the median tumor-free margin associated with the border of the transected canine root was 5.0 mm (IQR 3.1-7.0 mm). Follow-up data was obtained in 25 cases via phone interviews with referring veterinarians and clients. No local tumor recurrence was reported in cases with incomplete tumor excision (N = 5). All dogs with follow-up data survived at least 1 year following surgery. It was concluded that segmental or rostral mandibulectomy with wide margins to include the entire mandibular canine tooth with subsequent mandibular instability may not be warranted for dogs with CAA associated with this tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular canines typically have a single root and a single canal, but variations can occur. This case report presents a 43-year-old man who complained of dull, intermittent, and spontaneous pain in the lower front tooth region for the past 2 weeks. Clinical findings indicated a mandibular canine with a rare anatomical configuration: three canals within a single root that merge to form one, corresponding to the Sert and Bayirli Type XVIII canal configuration. A diagnosis of previously initiated root canal therapy with symptomatic apical periodontitis was made. The patient's diagnosis was confirmed through careful clinical and radiographic examination, including the use of cone-beam computed tomography for detailed morphology. Given the intricate root canal anatomy, a specialized endodontic approach was employed, leading to a successful resolution of the patient's symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of bilateral teeth posterior to canine in interval of one week. Methods and Material: Thirty-five patients were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two different groups: Group 1 - (2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000)) and Group 2 - (4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000)) solution. The study variables for each anaesthetic agent were: onset of action and depth of anaesthesia. A pulp tester was used to demonstrate quantitative values and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for qualitative evaluation of the two anaesthetic drugs in 2 min cycle for 10 min with respect to test canine. Anaesthesia was considered successful when pulp tester value 64 was achieved in 10 min for both the anaesthetic agent. Statistical Analysis Used: The difference in the efficacy of lignocaine and articaine was analysed using Student's t test. Within group comparison of the response to the pulp vitality test and VAS over various time periods was analysed using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni test. Results: Data analysis showed statistical differences in onset and depth of anaesthesia between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: 4% Articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) onset of action is faster and depth of anaesthesia is better compared to 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000). Many previous studies reported onset of anaesthesia, but this study evaluates onset and depth of both the anaesthetic agent quantitatively and qualitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying individuals by determining their body parameters plays a major role in criminal investigation. These parameters play an integral role in the identification of a person. Teeth, particularly canines, can help in identification, as they are the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of the crown and root anchorage in the alveolar process. Aim: To establish a relationship, if any between the crown length of the maxillary canine tooth and the facial height of an adult individual and intersex differences. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at a dental college where patients reported for treatment. The study group comprised 100 participants (50 men and 50 women, aged 18-23 years. To measure the facial height, photographs were taken and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software. The face was divided into the upper, middle and lower thirds considering the hairlines, glabella, subnasalis, and menton as reference points. The length between the hairline and glabella is the upper facial height (UFH), that between the glabella and subnasalis is the middle facial height (MFH), and that between the subnasalis and menton is the lower facial height (LFH). For tooth measurements, impressions of the upper arches were made using alginate and dental stone casts were obtained. The length between the cervical line and cusp tip is the canine height(CH) and the mesiodistal length is the canine width(CW). Measurements of teeth were recorded using digital verniercalliper. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SSPS) version 16. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the correlation between facial height and canine height. Results: Total Facial Height (TFH), Canine Height (CH), Canine Width (CW) in males and females was done using descriptive statistics. This study demonstrated a correlation between TFH and CH in both men and women. This study showed that, as TFH increased, CH also increased. Therefore, TFH and CH were directly proportional, and hence there was a correlation between TFH and CH. Conclusion: The total facial and canine heights are directly proportional to each other. There is a correlation between the facial height and canine height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Since teeth are easily approachable and each having different morphology, they form an excellent medicolegal and anthropological tool for sex estimation. Sexual dimorphism is difference in size and appearance among male and female teeth that can be applied for determination of sex. The basis of estimation of sex is comparing tooth parameters in male and female individual. Canine teeth shows highest sexual dimorphism among all teeth. Mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canine can be used for sex determination based on sexual dimorphism. Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the comparative sex estimation by mandibular canine index and maxillary canine index in north Indian population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of dental impression from 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females), all young adults between 20 and 35 years of age. Impressions of the teeth were made using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured in dental stone. Mesiodistal dimensions and intercanine distance of mandibular and maxillary canine of both right and left side was measured by caliper. Mandibular and maxillary canine index was calculated by formula given by Nageshwar Rao et al. Results: Data were summarized as Mean and SD. Groups (in Gender Male vs female) were compared by unpaired or independent Student's t test. When the level of accuracy for sex determination was measured using canine index it was found that 65% males and 65.83% females were predicted correctly. When maxillary canine index was used the sex was correctly predicted in it was found that 40.83% females and 32.50% males were predicted correctly. Conclusion: Mandibular and maxillary canine index can be used for sex estimation in North Indian population but accuracy of mandibular canine index is better than maxillary canine index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 13 years old male found dead with several bite marks in the body, with some 8 to 10 dogs around that area. The deceased body was brought to Mortuary, Osmania General Hospital at 03:30 PM on 19/05/2022 by the Investigation Officer and requested for postmortem examination under section 174 Criminal Procedure Code. On postmortem examination, there were multiple claw marks, avulsed lacerations, puncture wounds present all over the body, laceration of platysma and a retro-laryngeal hematoma with fracture of 6th cervical vertebrae were noted, all were suggestive of canine tooth injury. All the internal organs were pale and cause of death was given as massive haemorrhage consequent to animal bites over head, neck and trunk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can significantly affect oral health, potentially leading to morphological changes in the dental pulp. Aim: The study aims to assess and compare the coronal pulpal height of the maxillary canine and mandibular first molar between type 2 diabetics and nondiabetics by utilizing panoramic radiographs. The coronal pulpal height of the maxillary canine and mandibular first molar between individuals with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes using panoramic radiographs. Settings and Design: The study was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional study in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Materials and Methods: Coronal pulp heights of the maxillary canine and mandibular first molar were measured in 100 orthopantomograms (OPGs) from the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, along with the corresponding same-day random blood glucose levels in the diabetic group. Statistical Analysis: A t-test was used to compare blood glucose and coronal pulpal height between the two groups and Pearson correlation coefficients to assess relationships between blood sugar level and coronal pulpal height. Results: In the maxillary canine, the diabetic group had a coronal pulpal height of 3.50 mm, while the nondiabetic group had 2.55 mm, with P = 0.002 and 0.047, respectively. Positive correlations between blood glucose levels and the maxillary canine's coronal pulpal height (1.000), with a weaker correlation with the mandibular first molar's height (0.116), were also observed. A negative correlation (-0.256) was observed between the coronal pulpal heights of the maxillary canine and mandibular first molar. Conclusions: The diabetic group showed increased coronal pulpal height in the maxillary canine compared to the nondiabetic group. There was a positive correlation between blood glucose levels and the pulpal height of the maxillary canine, with a weaker correlation for the mandibular first molar. Clinical Significance: This study highlights the critical role of early oral health monitoring for individuals with type 2 diabetes, enabling dental professionals to detect potential signs of undiagnosed diabetes through radiographic assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teeth are an excellent source for genetic and forensic studies. Teeth exhibit minimum morphological change and are easy to inspect. Because of their resistance to fire and bacterial breakdown, they are useful for forensic identification. Tooth dimension can be employed to determine age and gender. "Sexual dimorphism" means distinctions in height, stature, and appearance between men and women that can be used in dental identification. Aim: With this background, a study was conducted to figure out canine tooth dimorphism as an aid in sex determination among the Kashmiri population. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was undertaken on the Kashmiri people. The casts were picked from the Government Dental College and Hospital Srinagar's Postgraduate Department of Orthodontics. A total of 100 casts were chosen (50 each from men and women). The mesiodistal diameter of maxillary and mandibular canines was measured with a digital vernier caliper. The measurements were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and statistical analysis was performed to determine gender differences. Results: Males and females have considerably varied maxillary and mandibular canine mesiodistal proportions. However, data regarding sexual dimorphism in mandibular right canines were fairly stable. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, males had greater mean mesiodistal dimensions than females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is modified onto the GO surface by using the strong π–π coupling between a large number of benzene rings at the end of the phenyl POSS structure and the graphite structure in the GO sheet, realizing the non-covalent functionalization of GO (POSS-GO). The POSS-GO-reinforced EP (POSS-GO/EP) composite material is prepared using the casting molding process. The surface morphology of GO before and after modification and its peel dispersion in EP are examined. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, cross-sectional morphology, and reinforcement mechanism of POSS-GO/EP are thoroughly examined. The results show that the cage-like skeleton structure of POSS is embedded between the GO layers, increasing the spacing between the GO layers and leading to a steric hindrance effect, which effectively prevents their stacking and aggregation and improves the dispersion performance of GO. In particular, the 0.4 phr POSS-GO/EP sample shows the best mechanical properties. This is because, on the one hand, POSS-GO is uniformly dispersed in the EP matrix, which can more efficiently induce crack deflection and bifurcation and can also cause certain plastic deformations in the EP matrix. On the other hand, the POSS-GO/EP fracture cross-section with a stepped morphology of interlaced "canine teeth" shape is rougher and more uneven, leading to more complex crack propagation paths and greater energy consumption. Moreover, the mechanical meshing effect between the rough POSS-GO surface and the EP matrix is stronger, which is conducive to the transfer of interfacial stress and the strengthening and toughening effects of POSS-GO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The occurrence of mandibular canine impaction and/ or transmigration is a rare clinical entity but diagnosis and treatment planning is of clinical significance. The associated etiological factors and the clinical guidelines for the management are still not clear. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data to report the prevalence and identify the etiological factors, clinical features, and various treatment outcomes in patients with mandibular canine impaction and/or transmigration. Methods: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021222566) and was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA and Cochrane Handbook / Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. A computerized search of studies published up to April 30, 2023, was conducted using the following databases: Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature. A manual search of the reference and citation lists of eligible articles and existing systematic reviews for any additions were also conducted. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used to assess the studies' quality. Results: After removing 6 duplicates, 3700 articles were identified. For the final analysis, 19 studies published between 1985 and 2023 met all the eligibility criteria and were included. A total of 7 studies presented as good and 12 studies presented as satisfactory. Patients were screened in ten studies and diagnostic records from archives were retrieved in nine studies. The total number of diagnostic records screened was 138.394, and the total number of patients from the included studies was 43.127. Conclusions: Based on the findings from this systematic review, the prevalence of mandibular canine impaction ranged from 0.008% to 1.29% while canine transmigration from 0.12% to 0.98%. Crowding of the mandibular arch, the presence of a retained deciduous canine, and odontoma or cyst are the etiological factors more commonly associated with mandibular canine impaction and or transmigration. Surgical extraction and surgical exposure followed by orthodontic traction are the two most frequently carried out treatment modalities in the management of mandibular canine impaction and or transmigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This hematological study was aimed to investigate the hematological abnormalities associated with mammary gland carcinoma (CMT) in dogs at various stages of progression. Blood smear examinations were initially conducted on 45 cases, with exclusion criteria applied for hemoparasitic infections. Subsequently, 28 cases were selected for comprehensive analysis, focusing on complete blood count parameters, including haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. The findings revealed hematological abnormalities associated with CMTs, notably characterized by anemia, erythropenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis. The differential white blood cell count showed negligible variation. These findings underscore the potential diagnostic value of hematological parameters in understanding and monitoring CMT-associated hematological alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of Problem: Emerging evidence indicates that the emergence profile and subsequent restorative angle play a crucial role in clinical outcomes and can potentially affect the development and progression of peri‐implant diseases. However, the traditional evaluation of the emergence profile and angle has been limited to mesial and distal sites using periapical x‐rays, without considering the buccal sites. Purpose: To describe a novel 3D method to estimate the emergence profile and restorative angles around single implant‐supported crowns including buccal sites. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 implant‐supported crowns (11 molars, 8 premolars, 8 central incisors and 1 canine) were extra‐orally scanned using an intraoral scanner and the STL files produced were imported into a 3D software. The crown/abutment interface of each crown was delineated, and apico‐coronal lines were automatically drawn following the shape of the crown. Three reference points were defined on the apico‐coronal lines at the transition edge of the biological (BC) and the esthetic zone (EC) and the resulting angles were then calculated. The reliability of the measurements (2D and 3D) were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: In anterior restorations, the mean angle of the esthetic zone amounted to 162 ± 14° at mesial sites, to 140 ± 10° at buccal sites and to 163 ± 11° at distal sites. The corresponding angles at the biological zones, amounted to 155 ± 13° at mesial sites, 139 ± 15° at buccal sites and 157 ± 5° at distal sites. In posterior restorations, the mean angle of the esthetic zone amounted to 162 ± 12° at mesial sites, to 157 ± 13 at buccal sites and to 162 ± 11 at distal sites. The corresponding angles at the biological zone, amounted to 158 ± 8 at mesial sites, 150 ± 15° at buccal sites and 156 ± 10 at distal sites. The ICC for all measurements ranged between 0.77 and 0.99 indicating a good intra‐examiner reliability. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the 3D analysis seems to be a reliable and applicable method for the quantitative evaluation of the emergence profile in daily practice. Future randomized clinical trials are needed to assess whether a 3D analysis with the ensuing the emergence profile serves as a predictor for clinical outcomes. Clinical Significance: The development and implementation of a 3D workflow will provide technicians and dentists with the ability to assess the restorative angle of implant‐supported restorations during the provisional phase and the final restoration. This approach may help achieve an aesthetically pleasing restoration while minimizing potential clinical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case report on the treatment of multiple-tooth agenesis, retention, and impaction. It explains the causes and diagnostic methods for maxillary canine impaction and presents three treatment options. The article also discusses the best approach for treating patients with maxillary lateral-incisor agenesis. The treatment resulted in satisfactory esthetics and dental alignment. The article acknowledges that further improvements could have been made and includes images and analysis of a patient with multiple tooth agenesis. [Extracted from the article]

A thorough clinical and radiographical assessment of an impacted maxillary canine’s location forms the basis for proper diagnosis and successful treatment outcomes. Implementing a correct biomechanical approach for directing force application primarily relies on its precise localization. Poor biomechanical planning can resorb the roots of adjacent teeth and result in poor periodontal outcomes of the canine that has been disimpacted. Furthermore, treatment success and time strongly rely on an accurate assessment of the severity of impaction, which depends on its 3D spatial location. The evolution of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs provides more detailed information regarding the location of the impacted canines. In addition, the literature has shown that CBCT imaging has enhanced the quality of diagnosis and treatment planning by obtaining a more precise localization of impacted canines. This review article highlights current evidence regarding comprehensive evaluation of three-dimensional orientations of impacted canines on CBCT images for precise diagnosis and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Present study aims to evaluate different models of total arch intrusion using clear aligners in a finite element setup, which might be helpful in gummy smile patients who seek this treatment modality. Methods: Four patterns of intrusive forces were applied on each side of the upper arch aligner model: (1) Distal to the lateral incisors (facial − 80 g) and distal to the first molar (palatal − 150 g). (2) Distal to the lateral incisors (facial − 80 g) and distal to the first molars (facial − 80 g and palatal − 80 g). (3) Distal to the canines (facial − 80 g) and distal to the first molars (facial − 150 g). (4) Distal to the lateral incisors (facial − 80 g) and mesial to the first molars (facial − 150 g). Vertical and horizontal movements of the teeth were measured. Results: Extrusion movements were solely detected at buccal cusps of the first and second molars in the first model. Palatal movements of posterior teeth were detected in this model. Model II showed a homogeneous intrusion in anterior and posterior teeth and the amount of palatal movements of posterior teeth was reduced compared to model I. In contrast to Model IV, Model III had more intrusion in the posterior compared to anterior teeth. Facial movements of posterior teeth were detected in the third and fourth models. Incisor teeth showed facial movements among all of the models except for the lateral incisor in the third model. Conclusions: Each model of force application, causes different outcomes and side effects which is beneficial in certain clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of aligner activation and power arm length and material on canine and aligner displacement, von Mises stress in the power arm, and principal stress in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during canine tooth distalization using finite element analysis (FEA). The effects of aligner activation and power arm length were primary outcomes, while the effect of the power arm material was a secondary outcome. Methods: Aligner activation (0.1 mm or 0.2 mm) was applied without using a power arm in two models. The effects of aligner activation, power arm length (12, 13, or 14 mm) and power arm material (stainless steel [SS] or fiber-reinforced composite [FRC]) on canine distalization were investigated in 12 models by evaluating displacement and stress via ALTAIR OptiStruct analysis. Results: Greater canine displacement was observed in all models with 0.2 mm than 0.1 mm of aligner activation. When models with the same aligner activation were compared, reduced mesiodistal tipping, increased palatal tipping, and increased extrusion of the canine cusp were observed with increasing power arm length. Moreover, the von Mises stress increased as the power arm length increased. Increasing the aligner activation and power arm length increased the maximum principal stress in the PDL. Power arms of the same length in both materials showed the same results in terms of canine displacement, clear aligner displacement, and maximum principal stress in the PDL. However, under conditions of equal length and aligner activation, the von Mises stress of the SS power arm was higher than that of the FRC power arm. Conclusion: Using a power arm in canine distalization reduced mesiodistal tipping but increased palatal tipping and extrusion of the canine cusp. Aligner activation and additional force increased tooth movement and principal stress in the canine PDL. FRC power arms exhibited less von Mises stress than SS power arms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the displacement of dentition and stress distribution on periodontal ligament (PDL) during retraction and intrusion of anterior teeth under different proclination of incisors using clear aligner (CA) in cases involving extraction of the first premolars. Methods: Models were constructed, consisting of the maxilla, PDLs, CA and maxillary dentition without first premolars. These models were then imported to finite element analysis (FEA) software. The incisor proclination determined the division of the models into three groups: Small torque (ST) with U1-SN = 100°, Middle torque (MT) with U1-SN = 110°, and High torque (HT) with U1-SN = 120°. Following space closure, a 200 g intrusion force was applied at angles of 60°, 70°, 80°, and 90° to the occlusal plane, respectively. Results: CA therapy caused lingual tipping and extrusion of incisors, mesial tipping and intrusion of canines, and mesial tipping of posterior teeth in each group. As the proclination of incisors increased, the incisors presented more extrusion and minor retraction, and the teeth from the canine to the second molar displayed an increased tendency of intrusion. The peak Von Mises equivalent stress (VMES) value successively decreased from the central incisor to the canine and from the second premolar to the second molar, and the VMES of the second molar was the lowest among the three groups. When the angle between the intrusion force and occlusal plane got larger, the incisors exhibited greater intrusion but minor retraction. Conclusions: The "roller coaster effect" usually occurred in cases involving premolar extraction with CA, especially in patients with protruded incisors. The force closer to the vertical direction were more effective in achieving incisor intrusion. The stress on PDLs mainly concentrated on the cervix and apex of incisors during the retraction process, indicating a possibility of root resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have assessed different aspects concerning the applications of i-PRF in the oral cavity. However, nothing is known regarding patients' perceptions of the injection of autologous platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF). Objectives: To investigate patients' perceptions after injecting platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in the course of retracting upper canines. Methods: Twenty-one patients, whose treatments required extractions of both upper first premolars, were recruited. Extraction side was randomly allocated to the intervention or control sides. After the alignment phase, i-PRF was injected twice with a one-month interval on the buccal and palatal aspects of the extraction sites (intervention side). Patients' perceptions were evaluated with two questionnaires: the first was used to assess the level of pain, discomfort, swelling, eating and swallowing difficulties as well as jaw movement restriction after 1 h (T1), 2 h (T2), 6 h (T3), 24 h (T4) and 48 h (T5) of the second injection; the second questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance of the i-PRF injection and overall satisfaction with this technique at the end of canine retraction phase. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was adopted for this purpose. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare between both sides at all time points while Friedman's Test was the selected test for detecting variables' changes over time. Post-hoc Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank Tests were applied when any of the results were significant. As to the multiplicity of tests, Bonferroni Correction was implemented. Results: Pain and swelling levels were significantly higher on the experimental compared to the control sides at T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05), whereas they declined sharply and went back to almost normal values at T4 (after 24 h). At T5 they were 0. Discomfort and difficulty in mastication on intervention sides were significant only at T1 and T2. Pain, swelling, and chewing difficulties were significant (P < 0.001) during the 4 assessed time points. The increase was insignificant regarding swallowing difficulties and jaw movement limitations at all time intervals. Conclusions: Injecting autologous (i-PRF) during orthodontic canine retraction is a well-perceived and well-tolerated method due to the limited discomfort which significantly diminishes 24 h afterwards. Trial's registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier Number: NCT03399422. 16/01/2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentoalveolar trauma is an important etiologic factor for tooth loss. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is necessary because the functional, esthetic, and psychosocial problems that result from dentoalveolartrauma can significantly influence the patient's quality of life. The objective of this article istodescribethe multidisciplinarytreatment of a 39-year-old man who experienced dentoalveolar trauma Ina bicycle accident. Clinical and tomographic examinations revealed the avulsion of the maxillary left central incisor as well as coronal fractures of the other incisorsand themaxillary right canine. The maxillary right central incisor had a subgingival fracture, and the treatment included endodontic treatment followed by orthodontic extrusion using a temporary intraradicular retention pin and an orthodontic elastic band attached to a provisional prosthesis foranchorage. A dental implant and a connectivetissue graft were placed at the site of the avulsed tooth. Subsequently, 5 zirconia crowns were fabricated using a digital workflow. In some cases of dentoalveolar trauma, orthodontic extrusion accomplished with theaid of the provisional prosthesis can be a conservative, fast, and economical option to preserve periodontal tissues and restore the biologic width. In the present case, the combination of orthodontic extrusion, implant placement, and a digital workflow ensured the precision, comfort, and esthetics of the final restorations, improving the quality of life of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND/AIM: Canine tooth impaction could have a negative influence on the stomatognathic system and could make it difficult for clinicians to manage malocclusions. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of canine impaction, which could be a cause of malocclusion, in the population in the western province of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of digital orthopantomograms (OPGs) of 400 patients aged 12–40 years, who are citizens of Saudi Arabia residing in the western province and who presented for treatment at the dental clinics of Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were included. The OPGs and dental records of these patients were reviewed for canine impaction and were categorized based on age, gender, and type of impaction. RESULTS: The prevalence of patients that exhibited canine impaction was found to be 4%. Males had a significantly higher percentage of prevalence than females (P < 0.016), and impaction was significantly higher among patients aged below 18 years (P < 0.001). Moreover, the most commonly observed impaction was mandibular canine impaction (87.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of malocclusion and maintenance of a normal dentition (better aesthetics and chewing) necessitates early detection of impacted canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of micro‑osteoperforation (MOP) over a 56‑day period and to determine the influence of number of perforations on the rate of canine retraction. In addition, the amount of pain and discomfort caused by the MOP was evaluated. TRIAL DESIGN: A single‑center, split‑mouth, triple‑blind, randomized, controlled trial. METHODS: 22 patients (18–30 years) who need fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited and randomly assigned to MOP1 and MOP2 groups. The recruited patients were divided into two groups with 1:1 allocation ratio. Randomization for the determination of experimental side and number of perforations was done using sealed envelopes. On each patient, the other side of mouth worked as control side with no MOPs. 4 months after first premolar extraction, patients in MOP1 received 3MOPs on the buccal surface of alveolar bone, whereas patients in MOP2 received three buccal and three palatal MOPs in the experimental side. The amount of canine retraction was measured every 28 days at two intervals on both sides of mouth. Pain perception was measured after 1 hr, 24 hr, 72 hr, 7 days, and 28 days of procedure. RESULTS: Result of the intra‑examiner reliability using ICC is more than 0.97 (P < 0.001), indicating excellent repeatability and reliability of the measurements. The baseline characteristics between groups were similar (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference in the rate of canine retraction on the MOP side was observed at the end of 56 days, amounting to two folds more than that of the control side. No significant difference was seen between MOP1 and MOP2 groups (P > 0.05). Mild‑to‑moderate pain was experienced only in first 72 hours of procedure. CONCLUSION: The study recommends that MOP procedure has substantial potential to be used as an adjunct to the routine mechanotherapy for accelerating tooth movement, as it may reduce treatment time by half in the first four weeks after the MOP procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Appliance biocompatibility, orthodontic treatment efficiency and patient convenience are the major issues confronting contemporary orthodontic practice. Very few studies have been published till date regarding the efficiency of self‑ligating brackets as against conventional brackets. Hence, the present study was planned to compare the rate of canine retraction between self‑ligating and conventional brackets and to determine the amount of anchorage loss during canine retraction. METHODS: The present clinical study was designed as a prospective, observational study comprising of 25 patients requiring first premolar extraction as a part of orthodontic treatment. Self‑ligating and conventional brackets were bonded using a split‑mouth study design randomly. Retraction of canines was done with 150 grams of force using Dontrix gauge with E‑chains. The study was conducted in relation to upper arch only, while the rate of retraction was evaluated every 4 weeks for 3 months. Average rates of retraction in 3 months were calculated. For anchorage loss, an acrylic guide plug was used in mid‑treatment cast (T0) and after 3 months of retraction (T3). The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Independent t‑test was used to compare the means of the two variables studied, while Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the variables studied in the groups included. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between the average rate of canine retraction with self‑ligating brackets vs. conventional brackets over a period of 3 months came out to be 0.6434, while on comparing the data in terms of anchorage loss over a period of 3 months, the respective correlation coefficient value was found to be 0.6659 with the results being statistically highly significant in either case (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Self‑ligating brackets showed double the amount of displacement compared to conventional brackets in some of the cases. Also, chair side time was significantly reduced with self‑ligating brackets as against conventional brackets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was to investigate the probability of using straight screw-channel screw-retained restorations following an immediate implant placement and provisionalization protocol in maxillary anterior teeth utilizing implant planning software. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of CBCT images was done. The midsagittal images of maxillary anterior teeth (right canine to left canine) were created in implant planning software, screen-captured, and transferred to a presentation program. The digital implant templates were created for 3.5-mm-diameter (used for central and lateral incisors) and 4.5-mm-diameter (used for central incisors and canines) tapered implants with lengths of 13, 15, and 18 mm. The frequency percentages of immediate implant placement and provisionalization and immediate implant placement and provisionalization with straight screw-channel screw-retained restorations were recorded and compared among all maxillary anterior teeth. Results: CBCT images from 1,200 teeth were evaluated. The overall frequency percentages of immediate implant placement and provisionalization and immediate implant placement and provisionalization with straight screw-channel screw-retained restoration were 84% (range = 74% to 92%) and 14% (range = 10% to 24%), respectively. Conclusion: Although the probability of being able to employ immediate implant placement and provisionalization with a straight screw-channel screw-retained restoration in the esthetic zone is low, the use of smaller-diameter implants can substantially increase the probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the impact of abutment angulation on loosening torque, torque loss, and percentage of torque loss in the prosthesis and abutment screws after aging of the implant-supported prosthesis. Materials and Methods: Fifty epoxy maxillary casts with missing central, lateral, and canine teeth were used, and each cast received two implants. All casts were divided into five groups (n = 10): (1) both implants received straight abutments (0-0); (2) the central implant received a straight abutment and the canine implant received a 17.5-degree angled abutment (0-17.5); (3) the central implant received a straight abutment and the canine implant received a 35-degree angled abutment (0-35); (4) both implants received 17.5-degree angled abutments (17.5-17.5); and (5) both implants received 35-degree angled abutments (35-35). For each cast, a three-unit zirconia restoration was fabricated, and a torque meter was utilized to tighten the abutment screw (25 Ncm) and prosthesis screw (18 Ncm). The reverse torque value was recorded for each screw. All restorations were subjected to 3,500 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C and load cycled for 150,000 cycles with 50-N load. After the loosening torque was measured for each screw, the torque loss and percentage of torque loss were calculated. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the torque loss of the central prosthesis screw (P < .001) and canine prosthesis screw (P < .001) between study groups. The 35-35 group showed the highest percentage of torque loss, while the 0-0 group showed the lowest value. A significant difference was found regarding the torque loss of the central abutment screw (P < .001) and canine abutment screw (P < .001). The abutment screws of the 35-35 group showed the highest percentage of torque loss, while the 0-0 groups showed the lowest percentage of torque loss. Conclusion: Screw loosening of the prosthesis and abutment screws increases with increasing abutment angulation after aging. In the same fixed prosthesis, the torque loss in the prosthesis and abutment screws was higher in canine screws employing different angled abutments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the reliability of a newly developed software application (Shadent) in natural tooth shade selection. Method and materials: A smartphone device with the self-developed Shadent software (patent no. 201841046815, Intellectual Property of India) recorded tooth shades of the maxillary right central incisor and canine for 250 volunteers. A prospective, clinical, double-blind trial was conducted. The shade match obtained under the standardized condition from Shadent software was compared with the visual method and spectrophotometer. The digital recordings were captured by two master's candidates, while the visual shade match was evaluated by four master's candidates and one faculty member from the Department of Prosthodontics. Crosstab analysis assessed the relationship between the visual method of shade selection, a spectrophotometer, and the Shadent software. Cohen kappa was used to measure the agreement between the methods. Results: A kappa coefficient of 0.59 was observed between the visual assessment and the Shadent software, with an agreement percentage of 64.6%. A kappa coefficient of 0.65 was observed between the spectrophotometer and the Shadent software with an agreement of 69.3%. The software also had a better Cohen kappa agreement with the maxillary central incisor than the maxillary canine. Conclusions: Shadent's reliability was comparable with the visual and spectrophotometric methods and offered repeatability with standardized light intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate mandibular overdentures supported by four short implants combined with two different doses of photobiomodulation (PBM). Materials and Methods: A split-mouth design was applied; six completely edentulous male subjects received four short implants in the canine and second premolar area. Short implants were inserted via a digital fully guided approach with a stereolithographic surgical guide. All patients received five PBM sessions immediately after surgery and every 48 hours. Group A (n = 6) implants on the right side received a dose of 3.75 J/cm2, and group B (n = 6) implants on the left side received a dose of 7.5 J/cm2. Evaluation of peri-implant probing depth (PIPD), modified Gingival Index (MGI), and vertical bone loss was performed at the time of prosthetic loading and 6 and 12 months later. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was also assessed 6 and 12 months after loading. Results: There was no significant difference between both groups regarding PIPD values. However, a minor but significant increase from the baseline (P < .001) was observed in PIPD values in both groups after 12 months. The MGI scores at the different time intervals were very low for both groups. The mean vertical bone loss after 12 months was minimal for both groups but statistically significant from the baseline (P < .001). ISQ values for both groups after 12 months revealed a significant increase from the baseline, and group B values were significantly higher than those of group A. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, a mandibular overdenture supported by four short implants is a valid treatment modality for atrophic mandibles, and a PBM dose of 7.5 J/cm2 has a potential positive influence on implant healing and osseointegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the normal values of faciolingual thickness (FLT) of the papilla base, papilla height (PH), and gingival angle (GA) among Chinese adults and the association of FLT with the gingival phenotype. The periodontal phenotypes of 105 volunteers were confirmed by Kan et al's periodontal probe transmission method and classification. All volunteers received complete supragingival scaling and were recalled after 1 week for clinical examination and for recording various periodontal indices, including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and periodontal depth. The FLT, PH, and GA of maxillary anterior teeth were measured, and their associations were analyzed. The mean FLT of papilla between the right canine (CA) and lateral incisor (LI) was 8.11 ± 0.64 mm; between the right LI and central incisor (CI) was 7.77 ± 0.64 mm; between the right CI and left CI was 8.49 ± 0.66 mm; between the left CI and LI was 7.62 ± 0.63 mm; and between the left LI and CA was 8.17 ± 0.63 mm. The thin-phenotype group showed a greater PH and FLT than the thick phenotype group. Inversely, the GA of the thick-phenotype group was greater than the corresponding values for the thin-phenotype group. In Chinese residents, the high and thick papilla are associated with the thin phenotype, while the low and thin papilla are associated with the thick phenotype. The GA is negatively correlated with PH. A weak correlation exists between the GA and FLT of papilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) teeth and mentions loss of structure by endodontically treated teeth due to caries and fracture. Topics discussed include chances of failure of ETT due to apical periodontitis after therapy of endodontic, role of operative precision in invasive dentistry, and dental structure of posterior teeth.

A case of 40-year-old woman is presented concerned of mandibular and maxillary anterior teeth expressed with dissatisfaction of color and length of teeth.The patient's facial feature was examined through extra oral photographs with relation to lips and teeth at rest and smile position. A periodontal plastic surgery was performed before restorative process to improve gingival contours. Intraoral scanner was used to start the visual design of the prototype.

Missing canines compromise function and esthetics and therefore should be restored. In case of a retained canine, there can be a conservative approach of classic orthodontic eruption. If that is not effective, an alternative treatment method is to remove the retained tooth, followed by implant placement or transalveolar autotransplantation of the retained canine. En bloc autotransplantation of a retained canine, with surrounding bone, preserves canine periodontium and increases chances for revascularization and vitality of the transplanted tooth. This paper presents an en bloc autotransplantation of retained canines in the mandible in two female patients resulting in canine vitality after 1.5 years with proper pocket depth, physiologic tooth mobility, and positive reaction to ethyl chloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the clinical results obtained in the maxilla and mandible by taking digital impressions following application of hyaluronic acid fillers for the reconstruction of multiple papillary losses. Method and materials: Evaluation was made of a total of 200 papilla spaces in 20 patients applied with hyaluronic acid filler injection to consecutive papillae regions in both arches symmetrically. The area of the interdental space and the percentage change in the area value over time was calculated separately for each papilla space by taking digital impressions before the application of hyaluronic acid and at 3, 12, and 24 months after the application. Results: A significant improvement was determined in the area values of both arches at 3, 12, and 24months compared to the baseline values. In the percentage change at 24 months, irrespective of whether the mandible or maxilla, the highest filling percentage of all the spaces was between the canine and lateral incisors. When the 24-month filling percentages were compared between the maxillae and mandibles, the most significant difference was between the central teeth. Conclusion: The results showed that success was obtained in both arches with hyaluronic acid filler injection applied for reconstruction of multiple papilla losses; because the filling percentages in the maxilla at 3 months and 12 months were greater than those in the mandible, it can be suggested that results can be obtained more quickly and at a higher level in the maxilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the authors evaluated the association of canine impaction with different skeletal discrepancies in two planes of space (sagittal and vertical). Cephalometric and orthopantomographic radiographic images of 45 patients with one or more impacted canines were used in this retrospective study. Five radiographic morphologic parameters--ANB angle, canine angulation, angle between the Frankfort horizontal plane and the mandibular plane (FHMP), Wits appraisal analysis, and axial inclination of the maxillary incisors in the sagittal plane--were recorded for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 9.0 statistical package (IBM). Impaction of the maxillary canine was more frequent than mandibular canine impaction in both males and females, and palatal impaction was more common than buccal impaction, with a higher significance in males (64.7%) than in females (50%). In the sagittal relationship, the highest frequency of impacted canines was found in patients with a Class III skeletal discrepancy (44.4%), followed by Class I (28.9%) and Class II division 1 (15.6%), while the lowest frequency was in Class II division 2 (11.1%). Comparison between sexes in the vertical plane showed that impacted canines occurred more frequently in hyperdivergent female faces (51.1%) and hypodivergent male faces (48.9%). The result of this study indicates a statistically significant association of impaction with canine, sagittal, and/or vertical dentofacial discrepancies. The results also showed a higher risk of having impacted canines in patients with certain dentofacial deformities. Therefore, canine impaction may be used to represent a substitute scale for the study of different malocclusion groups with respect to race and ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on accelerated tooth movement among dentist present in the state of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu dentists were the subjects of the cross-sectional questionnaire survey. 500 participants completed selfadministered questionnaires about their knowledge, awareness, and perception of PRP's effect on accelerated tooth movement. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (V 22.0) was used to do the statistical analysis. It computed the frequency distribution. The result showed that 466 (93.2%) had prior knowledge of PRP, whereas 34 (6.4%) had no previous experience with it. A total of 156 (31.2%) dentists were aware that PRP procedures are used for teeth rotation and canine retraction.15.2% of participants stated that PRP facilitates accelerated tooth movement. Therefore, results of the study show that the dentists were a little aware of PRP as an additional therapeutic strategy for accelerating tooth movement. More awareness required among the dentist regarding application and its benefits of PRP in accelerated tooth movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Present study aims to evaluate different models of total arch intrusion using clear aligners in a finite element setup, which might be helpful in gummy smile patients who seek this treatment modality. Methods: Four patterns of intrusive forces were applied on each side of the upper arch aligner model: (1) Distal to the lateral incisors (facial − 80 g) and distal to the first molar (palatal − 150 g). (2) Distal to the lateral incisors (facial − 80 g) and distal to the first molars (facial − 80 g and palatal − 80 g). (3) Distal to the canines (facial − 80 g) and distal to the first molars (facial − 150 g). (4) Distal to the lateral incisors (facial − 80 g) and mesial to the first molars (facial − 150 g). Vertical and horizontal movements of the teeth were measured. Results: Extrusion movements were solely detected at buccal cusps of the first and second molars in the first model. Palatal movements of posterior teeth were detected in this model. Model II showed a homogeneous intrusion in anterior and posterior teeth and the amount of palatal movements of posterior teeth was reduced compared to model I. In contrast to Model IV, Model III had more intrusion in the posterior compared to anterior teeth. Facial movements of posterior teeth were detected in the third and fourth models. Incisor teeth showed facial movements among all of the models except for the lateral incisor in the third model. Conclusions: Each model of force application, causes different outcomes and side effects which is beneficial in certain clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perforation of the lingual cortex while placing dental implants in the interforaminal region of the mandible can cause severe hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of mandibular lingual foraminals (MLFs) and locational relationship between them and lingual mucosal vessels (LMVs) by CT/MRI fusion volumetric images. Methods: 37 images within complete anterior mandibular region using both MSCT and three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (3D-VIBE) MRI were taken from our imaging archives. After exclusion of 11 for lesions or artifacts, 26 CT/MRI fusion volumetric images were included to evaluate the frequency, diameter, and position of MLFs. The anterior mandibular region was divided into 4 equal segments under each teeth, and 40 regions were got from C5 to D5. Furthermore, the positional relationship between MLFs and LMVs was analyzed in this coordinate system. Results: 62 MLFs (73.81%) were located below the incisors, followed by premolars (21.43%) and canines (4.76%). Female bias, the mean diameter of the female was 0.08 mm while the male was 0.21 mm. The total number of LMVs was most distributed on lingual side of C1 and D1. According to Spearman's correlation coefficient, the location of MLFs was related to LMVs. The MLFs in fourth segment of D1 were positively moderately correlated with LMVs in fourth segment of D4, while the MLFs in third segment of C1 showed a weak positive correlation with LMVs in third segment of D4. Conclusions: The features and the correlation between MLFs and LMVs in CT/MRI fusion volumetric images may offer reference to dentists when only MLFs can been seen on routine preoperative CT examination of implants. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. (D2018-072) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The compatibility of digital and analog methods assessing the positions of gingival zenith (GZ) points has not been evaluated before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a digital scanner and a three‐dimensional (3D) measuring tool in specifying positions of GZs by comparing it to the conventional method, an analog plaster cast and a caliper. Materials and Methods: Both analog and digital impressions were obtained from 32 individuals. Following measurements were conducted in the anterior maxillary region from canine to canine on both the plaster casts and 3D images: (1) The distance from GZ to the corresponding vertical midline in each tooth (GZVM), (2) The distance from GZ of lateral incisor to the corresponding tangent that connects GZs of central incisor and canine (GZLI). Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of GZVM in each tooth varied between 0.366 and 0.755, demonstrating moderate to good compatibility between the two methods. The ICC of analog and digital GZLI for the right and left lateral incisors was 0.788 and 0.395, respectively. Conclusion: The digital and analog methods used in this study are compatible in determining the positions of GZs. Therefore, within the limitations of the present study, the choice of method can be based on the available equipment, time, comfort, and personal preference of the researcher. Clinical Significance: Both digital and analog methods have the capability of determining the positions of GZs in compatible way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resorption is a physiological or pathological process resulting in the loss of dental hard tissue with or without bone loss. We present the case of a 19-year-old patient who presented with a discoloured and symptomatic mandibular canine tooth with complex root canal morphology. The tooth was located at the site of a previous alveolar fracture. Delayed presentation had led to severe external infection-related (inflammatory) root resorption. The protocol and rationale for non-surgical management of the case in a multi-visit approach is outlined. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The aetiology and presentations of external root resorption is useful information for clinicians [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the buccal plate thickness of maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methodology: This study involved a retrospective analysis of CBCT images from 104 randomly selected patients aged 20–50 years who had not experienced loss of their maxillary central and lateral incisors and canine teeth. The bone thicknesses of six anterior maxillary teeth were measured at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm distances apical to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) and between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and ABC for six anterior maxillary teeth. The association between buccal bone plate width and distance from the CEJ to the ABC was examined across genders and among different age groups. Results: The mean buccal bone thicknesses were 1.13 mm, 1.22 mm, and 1.04 mm at distances of 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the CEJ to the ABC was 2.09 mm. A negative correlation was observed between age and the distance from the CEJ to the ABC. No correlation was found between buccal bone thickness and gender, and a negative correlation existed between age and buccal bone thickness. Women displayed a significantly lower distance from the CEJ to the ABC compared to men, and a negative correlation between buccal bone thickness and distance from the CEJ to the ABC was present across all tooth groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that the bone width in the maxillary anterior region was remarkably thin. Therefore, achieving the minimum bone thickness of 2 mm necessary for optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes is seldom feasible in this area. Considering these findings, additional research utilizing larger patient cohorts is essential to fully comprehend how age and gender affect buccal bone thickness and CEJ-ABC distance. Additionally, utilizing preoperative CBCT for radiographic analysis to identify risk factors and select the appropriate treatment approach is strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Impaction of a maxillary canine is a common tooth transposition, being the second most frequently impacted tooth after third molars. Management of such cases typically require a multidisciplinary approach, combining surgery with orthodontics. Presented is a case involving a 12-year 7-month-old male patient with an impacted right maxillary canine, premature loss of the second deciduous right maxillary molar, and hypoplasia of the maxilla. Treatment included extraction of the premolars with surgical exposure and subsequent guided eruption of the impacted canine into the tooth arch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Introduction: Correct development and growth of the dental arches and occlusion in the deciduous dentition is crucial for physiological occlusion in the permanent dentition. The present study evaluates the evolution of the terminal plane and canine occlusion class in the same children from deciduous to mixed dentition. (2) Materials and methods: The study included 257 children (164 girls and 93 boys) aged 3–5 years in the first phase and 8–10 years in the second phase. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Wilcoxon test were used in the case of quantitative variables, as applicable. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. (3) Results: The most common terminal plane in the first phase of the study was a bilateral flush plane (70%), followed by distal and mesial, with few differences between them. In the second phase, the most common terminal plane was mesial, followed by bilateral flush and distal. There were no statistically significant differences according to gender. Canine occlusion in the first phase was predominantly bilateral class I, followed by class II and class III. Similar results were recorded in the permanent dentition, except for a lesser percentage of children with canine class II. Molar occlusion in the second phase was predominantly class I, followed by half cusp class II and full cusp class II and class III. (4) Conclusions: The present study shows that knowing the age range in which maximum dental development and growth in both arches occurs may contribute to avoiding malocclusions and the possible need for orthodontic-orthopedic treatment, resulting in improved outcomes and greater stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Maxillary incisor and canine teeth are commonly impacted and require multidisciplinary treatment to accommodate them in the dental arch. Objectives To assess the periodontal outcomes of impacted maxillary central incisor and canine teeth, which have been successfully aligned in the arch following surgical exposure and orthodontic traction with fixed appliance therapy. Search methods Systematic literature searches without restrictions were undertaken in eight databases. Selection criteria Studies reporting surgical interventions in combination with orthodontic traction with fixed appliance therapy to align impacted maxillary incisors or canines published up to January 2023. Data collection Duplicate independent study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Analysis Random-effects meta-analyses of aggregate data. Results Twenty-three studies (21 retrospective and 2 prospective) were included in the final analysis. Three studies reported outcomes for maxillary central incisors and 20 reported outcomes for maxillary canines. For maxillary central incisors, all three studies were rated as being at moderate risk of bias. For maxillary canines, 17 studies and 1 study were rated at moderate and high risk of bias, respectively. Both prospective studies were rated at a low risk of bias. Meta-analyses comparing aligned impacted maxillary canines to their non-impacted contralateral counterparts found the former had increased Plaque Index scores (mean difference [MD] 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03, 0.35; P = 0.03), increased clinical attachment loss (MD 0.40 mm; 95% CI 0.17, 0.63; P = 0.01), increased pocket probing depth (MD 0.18 mm; 95% CI 0.07, 0.28; P = 0.001), increased bone loss (MD 0.51 mm; 95% CI 0.31, 0.72; P < 0.001), and reduced keratinized gingival width (MD −0.31 mm; 95% CI −0.61, −0.01; P = 0.04). Conclusions Limited evidence suggests that surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment of impacted maxillary central incisor or canine teeth, results in modest adverse effects in the periodontium. These findings should be viewed with caution as our certainty for these outcomes is very low to low due to the bias and heterogeneity. Further well-conducted studies reporting patient centred outcomes are required. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42020225639) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]