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Neuroendocrine breast cancer (NEBC) is a rare and heterogeneous entity. It most commonly presents a luminal phenotype and a worse prognosis. When diagnosed in an advanced stage, metastasis from another neuroendocrine tumor should be excluded.This case features a premenopausal woman with an oligometastatic breast large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, estrogen receptor (ER) positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative. Since the patient was very symptomatic at the presentation of the disease, chemotherapy was started. Complete radiological response of the metastatic disease was achieved, and the patient was then submitted to radical breast surgery and bilateral oophorectomy. She subsequently underwent radiation therapy. Since then and to date, she has been under endocrine therapy (ET) and a CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i), with no evidence of malignant disease. Evidence to guide the choice of treatment for these tumors is currently scarce. In cases with oligometastatic disease, radical treatment should be considered. Given that this entity is rare, its reporting should be encouraged.

High -grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterus is a rare malignant tumor of the uterus with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Due to its low incidence rate, there is no standard treatment at present. Therefore, this paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of a 56 -year -old patient with stage Ⅳ uterine high -grade neuroendocrine carcinoma accompanied by endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The patient has undergone surgery, followed by 1 intraperitoneal chemotherapy and 6 courses of systemic chemotherapy (paclitaxel + platinum), then the patient′s outcome was close to complete response. Subsequently, 2 courses of consolidation chemotherapy were performed, and the patient′s condition was evaluated as stable. Currently followed up for 2 years and 10 months, the patient recovered well and did not show obvious signs of recurrence on imaging examination. With retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of this case as well as relevant literature analysis, this paper aim to improve clinician′s understanding of this type of disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Laryngeal cancer ranks third among the most common head and neck neoplasms. The most common histological subtype is squamous cell carcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors are rare. An even rarer entity is a composite tumor with both these histologies. This case reports a metastatic combined carcinoma of squamous cells and large neuroendocrine cells, presenting favorable response to treatment with a total laryngectomy followed by adjuvant therapy including chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor-to-parenchymal contrast enhancement ratio on portal venous-phase CT (CER on PVP) and compare its prognostic performance to prevailing grading and staging systems in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). Methods: In this retrospective study, data on 465 patients (development cohort) who underwent upfront curative-intent resection for PanNEN were used to assess the performance of CER on PVP and tumor size measured by CT (CT-Size) in predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) using Harrell's C-index and to determine their optimal cutoffs to stratify RFS using a multi-way partitioning algorithm. External data on 184 patients (test cohort) were used to validate the performance of CER on PVP in predicting RFS and overall survival (OS) and compare its predictive performance with those of CT-Size, 2019 World Health Organization classification system (WHO), and the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system (AJCC). Results: In the test cohort, CER on PVP showed C-indexes of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.91) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.95) for predicting RFS and OS, respectively, which were higher than those for the WHO (C-index: 0.73 for RFS [p =.002] and 0.72 for OS [p =.004]) and AJCC (C-index, 0.67 for RFS [p =.002] and 0.58 for OS [p =.002]). CT-Size obtained C-indexes of 0.71 for RFS and 0.61 for OS. Conclusions: CER on PVP showed superior predictive performance on postoperative survival in PanNEN than current grading and staging systems, indicating its potential as a noninvasive preoperative prognostic tool. Key Points: • In pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, the tumor-to-parenchymal enhancement ratio on portal venous-phase CT (CER on PVP) showed acceptable predictive performance of postoperative outcomes. • CER on PVP showed superior predictive performance of postoperative survival over the current WHO classification and AJCC staging system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]