3,491 results on '"carbon stock"'
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152. Long-Term Restorative Farming Effects on Soil Biological Properties for Carbon Stock, Soil Quality, and Yield in a Nigerian Northern Guinea Savanna Alfisols
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Chinke, N. M., Odunze, A. C., Amapu, I. Y., Chude, V. O., Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti, editor, Ayangbenro, Ayansina Segun, editor, and Ojuederie, Omena Bernard, editor
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- 2023
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153. Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Impacts of Climate Change on UAE Mangroves
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Asif Raihan, Tarig Ali, Md Mortula, and Rahul Gawai
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mangroves ,land surface temperature ,normalized difference vegetation index ,carbon stock ,salinity ,machine learning algorithms ,climate change. ,Technology ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 - Abstract
Mangroves are imperative to coastal systems, providing security against extreme weather events by acting as natural barriers. These halophytic plants play a crucial role in mitigating global warming and act as an invaluable resource for consumption. Despite proving to be resilient, mangroves exhibit sensitivity to climatic (e.g., Land Surface Temperature, Salinity, etc.) and man-made factors (e.g., Land Use/Land Cover Changes). Numerous past studies recording the relationship between mangrove growth & development with the aforesaid constituents, but those were mostly restricted to visual observation/pattern recognition and single type of regression analysis. Also, the evaluation of simultaneous exploration of multiple aspects influencing mangrove evolution was not prominent. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to focus on the impact of both salinity and land surface temperature on mangrove biomass by the joint-venture of remote sensing, geographic information system and several machine learning algorithms. The study considered appropriate mangrove site selections with pre-processing of the acquired satellite images. Also, mathematical computations were performed on the raster layers to determine the previously mentioned natural aspects. Finally, several types of regression analysis were conducted to delineate potential patterns, governing mangrove vegetation health by virtue of temperature and salinity. Mangroves’ relationship with temperature and salinity showed insignificant coefficient of determination. However, the generated response curves postulated that high mangrove biomass could be achieved for a specific temperature window (30-33◦C) and vegetation health could deteriorate at increasing salinity. Overall, combined effects of surface temperature and salinity on mangrove vegetation were significantly more (i.e., Maximum coefficient of determination of 0.31) than individual component alone.
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- 2023
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154. Impacts of forest cover change on carbon stock, carbon emission and land surface temperature in Sor watershed, Baro Akobo Basin, Western Ethiopia
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Mitiku Badasa Moisa, Indale Niguse Dejene, Kiros Tsegay Deribew, Mengistu Muleta Gurmessa, and Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda
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carbon emission ,carbon stock ,lst ,lulc ,sor watershed ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Human-induced actions aggravate forest degradation and result in carbon emissions. Increment of carbon emission raises land surface temperature (LST) and contributes to climate change. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of forest cover change on carbon stocks, carbon emissions and LST over the period 1992–2022 using geospatial techniques in the Sor watershed, Western Ethiopia. The results revealed that forest land declined by 336.6 km2 due to the expansion of agricultural land with an area of 274.9 km2. Results show a decline in carbon stock of 58,883.4 tons/km2 while annual carbon emission exhibited an increasing trend of 2,418,083.91 tons to the atmosphere over the past three decades. As vegetation declined, LST increased by an average of 3.7 °C over the past three decades. All actors, including government and non-governmental organizations, should contribute to tree planting and reafforestation programmes to minimize the increasing trend of LST and carbon emissions. Furthermore, we need to build a climate-resilient green economy to protect people from the negative impacts of climate change. HIGHLIGHTS Geospatial technology is used to evaluate the effects of forest cover change on carbon stock degradation.; Forest land declined by 336.6 km2 due to the expansion of agricultural land with an area of 274.9 km2.; Carbon stock declined by 58,883.4 tons/km2 while annual carbon emission exhibited an increasing trend of 2,418,083.91 tons.;
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- 2023
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155. Effect of soil and water conservation practices and slope gradient on organic carbon stocks micronutrients: A case study on Kulkullessa sub-watershed, Eastern Ethiopia
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Abduletif Mume ABDURAHMAN, Samuel FEYISSA, Benson TURYASINGURA, Abebe ASCHALEW, and Petros CHAVULA
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climate change ,carbon stock ,smart agriculture ,physicochemical properties ,micronutrients ,Geodesy ,QB275-343 - Abstract
Soil degradation in sub-Saharan Africa is a serious problem that causes declines in agricultural productivity linked to hunger and poverty. The study was conducted in the Kulkullessa sub-watershed of Goro Gutu District in Eastern Ethiopia to assess the effects of climate-smart soil and water conservation (SWC) practices and slope gradient on selected physicochemical properties of the soil and the soil’s organic carbon stocks. The farmland conserved by stone bund (SB), bench terrace (BT), and gras strip (GS) five years after construction with two slope gradients (15-20%) and (21-30%) was selected. Twenty-four composite soil samples were collected from a depth of 20 cm and tested in the Haramaya University soil laboratory. The study found that climate-smart SWC practices were very effective on the soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) of the study area. Similarly, the slope gradient brought considerable variation in soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon stock. On farmland that a bench terrace had preserved, the bulk density (BD) value was lower. The recorded value for total porosity on the farmland conserved by BT was also positively higher and significant (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, the higher mean values for micronutrients and SOCS were recorded on farmlands conserved by SB, BT, and GS in contrast to the values recorded on non-conserved farmland (NCF) in the study area. Based on the study findings, climate-smart soil water and conservation practices have outstanding potential for improving soil physicochemical properties essential for agricultural crop production, climate change adaptation, and strengthening smallholder farmers’ resilience.
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- 2024
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156. Effects of urban tree pruning on ecosystem services performance
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Desirée Muscas, Fabio Orlandi, Roberto Petrucci, Chiara Proietti, Luigia Ruga, and Marco Fornaciari
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Carbon pool ,Carbon stock ,Climate change ,Emissions to air ,Urban forest management practices ,Wood disposal scenario ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
Pruning represents the main tree care activity in cities, where it is carried out to reduce wind-break risk, to ensure road visibility, to reduce infrastructure interactions and damages, and last but not least, for aesthetic reasons. However, pruning is also proven to increase tree susceptibility to disease and it can potentially affect their capacity to provide ecosystem services (ES). This study aims to assess the effect of three different life-long pruning scenarios on urban trees PM10 capture and CO2 stock performance. The total carbon balance of twelve tree species (Acer platanoides L., Cedrus spp., Celtis australis L., Cupressus arizonica Greene, Cupressus sempervirens L., Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, Pinus pinea L. Platanus hybrida Brot., Populus nigra L. var. 'Italica', Quercus ilex L., and Tilia cordata Mill.) was evaluated, including the disposal of the pruning residues of the trees. In all management scenarios studied, pruning represented an opportunity to increase the crown Carbon stock up to 65 %, taking into account the full reestablishment of the crown. The results suggest considering more frequent and less intense ordinary pruning scenarios as a preferable tree management strategy to optimise the tree ES performance and minimise branch dieback occurrence. In addition, the analysis carried out on four different waste wood disposal methods showed that the open dump scenario was the lowest CO2 eq re-emission choice.
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- 2024
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157. Response of plant species to impact of climate change in Hugumbrda Grat-Kahsu forest, Tigray, Ethiopia: Implications for domestication and climate change mitigation
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Haftu Abrha, Soro Dodiomon, Victor Ongoma, Haftom Hagos, Emiru Birhane, Girmay Gebresamuel, and Ashenafi Manaye
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Forestry ,Biodiversity ,Carbon stock ,Climate change ,Tigray ,SD1-669.5 ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
This study aimed to predict distribution and Total Carbon Stock (TCS) dynamics of Acacia abyssinica, Carissa edulis, and Juniperus procera in the Hugumbrda Grat-Kahsu National Forest in current (1970–2000) and future climate scenarios (2021–2100). Bioclimatic, soil, and elevation data were used for modeling using Maxent, with model accuracy evaluated using Area Under the Curve (AUC), Kappa test and True Skill Statistic (TSS). Significant differences were observed in distribution of species between current and future periods under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) of SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The main contributing predictors of the species distribution were temperature seasonality, altitude, and precipitation of the warmest quarter. All species were projected to shift to higher altitudes in the future. Acacia abyssinica’s current potential distribution (42.9 %) could expand to 77.1–99.2 % (SSP2-4.5) and 63.8–72.9 % (SSP5-8.5). Carissa edulis could extend from 54.2 % to 89.5–100 % (SSP2-4.5) and 77.1–87.9 % (SSP5-8.5). Juniperus procera’s might increase from 63.8 % to 91.8-99.7 % (SSP2-4.5) and 78–88.1 % (SSP5-8.5). The projected future climate is expected to result in an expansion of new suitable areas for all three species. The TCS estimates per km2 were 169 (Acacia abyssinica), 46 (Carissa edulis), and 1381 ton (Juniperus procera). In SSP2-4.5, Acacia abyssinica’s TCS could rise from 25,688 to 59,319 tons, Carissa edulis from 8,832 to 16,284 tons, and Juniperus procera from 312,106 to 487,493 tons. In SSP5-8.5, projections indicated 43,602 tons (Acacia abyssinica), 14,306 tons (Carissa edulis), and 430,872 tons (Juniperus procera). The study concludes by recommending the strategic planting of these species in both current and future suitable areas to enhance ecosystem services and ensure their sustained existence in the face of changing climates.
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- 2024
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158. Carbon stocks and effluxes in mangroves converted into aquaculture: a case study from Banten province, Indonesia
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Milkah Royna, Daniel Murdiyarso, Sigit D. Sasmito, Desra Arriyadi, Joeni Setijo Rahajoe, Mufidah Ghina Zahro, and Trialaksita Sari Priska Ardhani
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carbon stock ,CH4 efflux ,CO2 efflux ,converted mangrove ,silvofishery pond ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the main drivers of mangrove loss across Southeast Asian countries. The conversion of mangroves to aquaculture generates substantial loss of carbon stocks and reduces carbon storage capacity. Here, we present total ecosystem carbon stocks (TECS), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) effluxes obtained from mangrove forests (fringe and interior mangroves), silvofishery aquaculture ponds (dense and sparse mangroves), and non-silvofishery aquaculture ponds in Sawah Luhur, Banten, Indonesia. We found no significant difference in TECS across five land uses, ranging from 261 ± 14 Mg C ha-1 in non-silvofishery ponds to 574 ± 119 Mg C ha-1 in fringe mangroves. Most of these stocks were found in the soil carbon pool (87%) in fringe and interior mangroves. However, the conversion of mangroves to aquaculture ponds resulted in soil carbon loss from -6% to 60%. The highest soil CO2 effluxes during dry and wet seasons were observed in interior mangroves (151 ± 12 mg CO2 m-2 h-1). The highest soil CH4 effluxes were found in fringe mangroves with 0.13 ± 0.04 mg CH4 m-2 h-1. The highest aquatic CO2 and CH4 effluxes were found in dense silvofishery ponds, at 118 ± 7 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 and 0.38 ± 0.04 mg CH4 m-2 h-1, respectively. Our findings suggest that land use that includes mangroves (i.e., mangrove forest and/or silvofishery ponds) tends to have higher carbon stocks, soil, and aquatic CO2 and CH4 effluxes, compared to aquaculture ponds without mangroves. It is therefore crucial to maintain mangroves for natural carbon capture and storage through carbon stock enhancement.
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- 2024
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159. Unraveling carbon stock dynamics and their determinants in China's Loess Plateau over the past 40 years
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Xin Chen, Le Yu, Shuai Hou, Tao Liu, Xiyu Li, Yaoyao Li, Zhenrong Du, Chengxiu Li, Hui Wu, Guangyao Gao, Yunqiang Wang, and Dailiang Peng
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Land use and land cover ,Carbon stock ,Satellite data ,InVEST ,China's Loess Plateau ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Synergies and trade-offs among land use and land covers (LULCs) pose considerable uncertainties in achieving the dual carbon goals for China's Loess Plateau (CLP). In this context, we unraveled the carbon stock dynamics induced by land use and land cover change (LUCC) in the CLP over the past 40 years using the satellite-derived annual LULC maps and the InVEST model. Then, mixed measures were employed to quantify the global and local responses of the carbon stock dynamics to both natural and anthropogenic factors. We found that approximately a total of 5.58 × 109 Mg of carbon was stored in the CLP's ecosystems in 2019. Chronologically, the total carbon stock showed a slight decrease in the CLP from 1980 to 2019 due to the extensive LUCCs linked to socioeconomic activities. Specifically, the total carbon density loss rate accelerated in urban–rural-wild continuum (RUWC) types with higher human activity intensity, such as villages and urban, while it decelerated in woodlands, and croplands, where the human activity intensity is lower. Moreover, the total carbon density gain rate in wildlands was accelerating. Finally, we revealed that the carbon stock dynamics in the CLP over the past 40 years were primarily influenced by socioeconomic variables and have responded diversely to the drivers in space.
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- 2024
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160. Biodiversity and carbon stocks of the understory vegetation as indicators for forest health in the Zabarwan Mountain Range, Indian Western Himalaya
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Shiekh Marifatul Haq, Muhammad Waheed, Mohammed Darwish, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Umer Hafeez Goursi, Manoj Kumar, Liang Song, and Rainer W. Bussmann
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Shrub biomass ,Carbon sequestration ,Carbon stock ,National park ,Kashmir Himalaya ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Carbon stock and diversity of species together address the two most pressing concerns for successful ecosystem functioning and management, namely climate change and biodiversity loss. Understory vegetation is a significant indicator of plant biodiversity, contributing to forest carbon storage, sustaining species, and providing many ecological services. However, little research has been done about the contribution of the understory carbon stock in the forests, most likely because these understory components only make up a small portion of the total carbon stock of the forest ecosystem. To fill this knowledge gap, the current study sought to study the baseline understory (shrub and herb) diversity and carbon stock from the Zabarwan Mountain Range. Data on the characteristics of the understory vegetation in five different forest types were gathered using a random sample method. Using the Pearson method, we calculated the correlation coefficient between the diversity parameters and the carbon stock. The calculated average total carbon stock in the understory was determined to be 3.93 Mg C/ha (1.55–9.2 Mg C/ha). The shrub layer contributed a maximum value of 82 % of carbon stock. The increasing trends in total understory carbon were Parrotiopsis forest Broad-leaved forest > Acacia forest > Pinus forest > Parrotiopsis forest. Overall, the data show that coniferous-dominated woodlands had higher understory carbon stocks than other kinds of woodlands. The data acquired highlights the importance of shrub carbon stock storage in the understory layer in this Himalayan region. The current research on understory vegetation provides strong evidence for maintaining forest management practices that enable and encourage the planting of multiple layers of vegetation in landscape restoration as approaches to improve biodiversity while increasing resistance to climate change.
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- 2024
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161. Carbon stock inversion study of a carbon peaking pilot urban combining machine learning and Landsat images
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Kui Yang, Peng Zhou, Jingdong Wu, Qian Yao, Zenan Yang, Xiaoxuan Wang, and Youyue Wen
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Spectral reflectance ,Auxiliary environment variable ,Regression algorithm ,Carbon stock ,Correlation analysis ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Global warming is a significant challenge, and carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems are crucial for reducing the greenhouse effect and increasing sinks. A study was conducted in Zhengzhou City from 2000 to 2020 using Landsat image spectral reflectance to analyze changes in carbon stock. Environmental variables such as surface moisture, salinity, vegetation index, brightness, and soil texture were constructed. Multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machine regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and long short-term memory (LSTM) models were used to invert the carbon stock. The results showed that the NDCS index, constructed using Landsat's blue band and NIR band, was the best inversion variable for carbon stock, with the clay index (CI) playing a primary role. The LSTM algorithm had the best fitting effect on carbon stock, with an R2 of 0.84 and RMSE of 3.56. The carbon stock in Zhengzhou City decreased by 13.93% between 2000 and 2020, possibly due to the large-scale reduction of arable land. Future land-use planning should focus on protecting arable land, optimizing land-use patterns, and enhancing the ecosystem's carbon sequestration capacity.
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- 2024
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162. Carbon stock potential of preferred woody species for agroforestry in West African Savannah
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Patrick Benebere, Kabila Abass, Divine Odame Appiah, Raymond Aabeyir, and Lawrence Guodaar
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Biomass ,Carbon stock ,Prioritized woody species ,Preference ,Agroforestry ,Nandom municipal ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Agroforestry is a land management strategy with high potential for carbon sequestration. However, the high carbon sequestration potential for agroforestry is still doubtful in many developing countries. This study investigates smallholder farmers’ preferred woody species for agroforestry and their carbon stock potential in West African Savannah. A sample of 345 smallholder farmers was selected across the four area councils within the Nandom Municipality. The plot method was adopted in surveying the woody species on farmlands. A non-destructive biomass estimation method was used by applying an area specific allometric model. A factor of 0.47 was used to convert the biomass of the preferred tree species to carbon. Parkia biglobosa, Acacia sp, Vitellaria paradoxa, Mangifera indica, and Azadirachta indica were the most preferred tree species. The preference for the tree species was based on the socio-economic and environmental benefits smallholders derived from the tree species. Vitellaria paradoxa and Parkia biglobosa were the tree species with the highest carbon stock potential. The study recommends that the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, in collaboration with the Forestry Service Commission and Non-Governmental Organisations interested in promoting agricultural activities, should facilitate training smallholder farmers on the nursery and integration of these tree species with their crops.
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- 2024
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163. Carbon stock estimation in halophytic wooded savannas of Uruguay: An ecosystem approach
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Andrés Baietto, Andrés Hirigoyen, Carolina Toranza, Franco Schinato, Maximiliano González, and Rafael Navarro Cerrillo
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Carbon stock ,Climate change ,Biomass modeling ,Sodic soils ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Savannas constitute a mixture of trees and shrub patches with a more continuous herbaceous understory. The contribution of this biome to the soil organic carbon (SOC) and above-ground biomass (AGB) carbon (C) stock globally is significant. However, they are frequently subjected to land use changes, promoting increases in CO2 emissions. In Uruguay, subtropical wooded savannas cover around 100,000 ha, of which approximately 28% is circumscribed to sodic soils (i.e., subtropical halophytic wooded savannas). Nevertheless, there is little background about the contribution of each ecosystem component to the C stock as well as site-specific allometric equations. The study was conducted in 5 ha of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas of the national protected area Esteros y Algarrobales del Río Uruguay. This work aimed to estimate the contribution of the main ecosystem components (e.g., soil, trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants) to the C stock. Site-specific allometric equations for the most frequent tree species and shrub genus were fitted based on basal diameter (BD) and total height (H). The fitted equations accounted for between 77% and 98% of the aerial biomass variance of Neltuma affinis and Vachellia caven. For shrubs (Baccharis sp.), the adjusted equation accounted for 86% of total aerial biomass. C stock for the entire system was 116.71 ± 11.07 Mg⋅ha−1, of which 90.7% was allocated in the soil, 8.3% in the trees, 0.8% in the herbaceous plants, and 0.2% in the shrubs. These results highlight the importance of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas as C sinks and their relevance in the mitigation of global warming under a climate change scenario.
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- 2024
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164. Geophysical and chemical characteristics of peatland in coastal wetland, southern Thailand
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Theethach Phiranram, Piyaphong Chenrai, Akkaneewut Jirapinyakul, and Narongsak Rachukarn
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Kuan Kreng peat swamp forest ,ground penetration radar ,electrical resistivity imaging ,carbon stock ,geochemical analysis ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Peatlands, as an important carbon sink, store a large amount of atmospheric carbon that is vulnerable to becoming a carbon emission source due to the disturbance of the peat layer by natural and anthropogenic processes. The Kuan Kreng peat swamp forest is the second largest peatland in Thailand and is in coastal wetland serving for carbon stock in the subsurface. To assess carbon stock in peatland, the thickness and distribution of the peat layer are necessary. This study determines physical and chemical characteristics of the peatlands in the coastal wetland, southern Thailand by conventional core study and geophysical surveys, including ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). There is a significant relationship between chemical and physical properties from the peat layer, which is useful to approximately predict the physical properties and peat layers in the geophysical profiles. The resistivity profiles exhibit high resistivity response, peat between 21.9 and 145.0 ohm-m, interpreted as the peat layers in the shallow subsurface. The high resolution GPR profiles provide an average GPR velocity in peat of 0.040 m/ns and a relative dielectric constant of 54.9 for the peat layers. The peat layer is characterized by a high amplitude of reflection in the GPR profiles. The thickness of the peat layers was estimated from the geophysical surveys and the drilling cores having an average thickness of 18 cm. Average values of bulk density (0.19 g/cm3) and TOC (31.18 wt. %) from the drilling core samples are used to calculate the carbon density in the peat layers giving a result of 59.24 Kg C/m3. Hence, the carbon stock at the Kuan Kreng peat swamp forest is estimated at least 7.53 megaton carbon, which is much higher than aboveground biomass carbon in this area. The innumerably high amount of carbon stock could raise awareness of peatland disturbances.
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- 2024
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165. Wooded biocorridors substantially improve soil properties in low-altitude rural benchlands
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Aleš Kučera, Dušan Vavříček, Daniel Volařík, Pavel Samec, and Luboš Úradníček
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Agricultural landscapes ,Carbon stock ,Forest vegetation ,Soil hydrolimit ,Soil respiration ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This study examines soil properties in 30- and 60-year-old agricultural biocorridors and provides a comparative overview with neighbouring farmland. Both mixed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from six farmland/biocorridor study areas to assess a wide spectrum of physical, hydrophysical, chemical and biological soil properties. Biocorridor soils were characterised by higher water retention capacities, porosity, aeration and soil carbon stock, the latter increasing with depth. On the other hand, biocorridor bulk density under forest vegetation cover was lower, indicating progressive soil restoration. Slightly lower soil reactions in biocorridor soils disproved the hypothesis that nutrient-rich soils under biocorridors would form substrates with a high base cation content, leading to soil acidification. Biological activity, expressed through respiration coefficients, was generally low due to unfavourable physical conditions (clayey or silty-clay substrates), with the lowest levels in biocorridors. Nevertheless, biocorridor soil microbiota displayed more effective utilisation of organic matter as a carbon and nitrogen source, with lighter-textured soils tending to show more effective organic matter utilisation after excluding the influence of land use. Our results confirm biocorridors as an important landscape component, contributing to both soil stability and local revitalisation of soil environments and further emphasising their potential as climate-change mitigation tools in their role as carbon sinks.
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- 2024
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166. Factors influencing tree biomass and carbon stock in the Western Himalayas, India
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Pardeep Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Meenu Patil, Sabir Hussain, and Anand Narain Singh
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carbon stock ,climate change ,Western Himalayas ,forest types ,structural attributes ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The assessment of tree biomass and its carbon (C) stock at the local and regional level is considered a crucial criterion for understanding the impact of changing environments on the global carbon cycle. In this context, we selected three sites in the western Himalayas, covering parts of Himachal Pradesh and north-eastern Haryana. Each study site experiences distinct climatic conditions, vegetation types, and elevations. We seek to elucidate the determinants of tree biomass and carbon stock across different forest types in the Western Himalayas. We found that temperate forests contributed the most biomass and carbon stock, with Cedrus deodara attaining the highest values of 782.6 ± 107.9 Mg/ha and 360 ± 49.7 Mg C/ha. In contrast, Quercus leucotrichophora mixed temperate had the lowest 286.6 ± 57.2 and 128.9 ± 25.7 Mg/C ha, respectively. Only a few species, such as Abies pindrow, Cedrus deodara, Quercus floribunda, and Quercus semecarpifolia, accounted for significant biomass and carbon stock. The lower elevation subtropical forests had the highest species richness (8–12 species) and stem density (558.3 ± 62.9 to 866.6 ± 57.7 trees/ha). Furthermore, tree diameter, total basal cover, and height emerged as the strongest predictors of biomass and C stock. The remaining variables showed no significant associations, including species diversity, climatic attributes and elevation. Thus, our study extended the assertion that vegetation composition and structural attributes, apart from climatic and topographic factors, are equally important in determining biomass and C stock in forest ecosystems. Our study indicated that the temperate forests in the western Himalayas possess significant carbon storage and climate change mitigation potential.
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- 2024
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167. Unlocking nature's hidden treasure: Unveiling forest status, biomass and carbon wealth in the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand for climate change mitigation
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Vinod Chandra Joshi, R.C. Sundriyal, Naveen Chandra, and Dhani Arya
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Forest structure ,Tree biomass ,Carbon stock ,Forest management ,Wildlife sanctuary ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
In the context of present climate change concerns, the quantification of forest biomass and the comprehension of carbon stock distribution within protected areas are of paramount importance for exact carbon budgeting and the development of effective forest management strategies. This study conducted comprehensive field assessments with the primary objective of quantifying tree biomass and carbon stocks, as well as assessing structural attributes of forest stands. These assessments involved the meticulous collection of ground-based data encompassing various structural attributes, including circumference at breast height (CBH), stem height, basal area, stem density, frequency, girth class by utilizing a simple random sampling methodology. The results of this study unveiled substantial variations in all tree structural attributes across different forest stands along altitudinal gradients. Notably, species richness, tree density and species diversity exhibited an upward trend with increasing altitude. The maximum tree species richness (25) and tree density (1068 ± 102.2 individuals ha−1) were recorded at stand-IV, situated between 2200 to 2400 m, however, stand-I exhibited the maximum basal area. The highest aboveground, belowground, total biomass, and carbon stock was estimated in the stand-IV, with values of 279.12 ± 17.56 Mg ha−1, 65.58±11.20 Mg ha−1, 344.70 ± 20.66 Mg ha−1, and 163.73 ± 10.33 Mg ha−1, respectively. The study further revealed a positive correlation between elevation and species richness, biomass, and carbon stock. Additionally, it demonstrated positive correlations between total biomass and carbon stock with species richness, total basal area, and tree density. These findings convey immediate significance for the development and implementation of climate change mitigation policies and practices, particularly within the context of protected areas in the Himalayan landscape.
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- 2024
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168. Options to improve the carbon balance of the harvested wood products sector in four EU countries
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Nicola Bozzolan, Giacomo Grassi, Frits Mohren, and Gert‐Jan Nabuurs
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carbon stock ,cascading use ,circular bioeconomy ,forest bioenergy ,GHG emissions reduction ,harvested wood products ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade ,HD9502-9502.5 - Abstract
Abstract Harvested wood products (HWP) may contribute to climate change mitigation by storing carbon and by replacing energy‐intensive materials and fossil energy, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, when assessing improved HWP utilisations, interactions between wood use pathways, the carbon stock dynamics, and the resulting effect on the GHG balance are still not well‐understood. This research aims to assess the carbon sequestration effects of alternative wood product utilisations in four European Union (EU) countries. We conducted a material flow analysis of wood uses in France, Finland, Germany, and Spain for 2017 taking into account national production, imports, and exports. Then, we quantified the future dynamics of carbon stock in the HWP through time, assuming the same as in 2017 input and ignoring the forest sink. We then ran six alternative scenarios: two energy‐focused (Energy, Energy+), two material‐focused (Cascading, Material), one with extended half‐life of the wood products (HL) and one as business as usual. For the simulation period (2020–2050), the material scenario leads to the highest mitigation benefits with a cumulative HWP net CO2 removals of −502 Mt CO2 for Germany, −290 Mt CO2 for France, −118 Mt CO2 for Spain, and −116 Mt CO2 for Finland over the 30 years. The Energy+ scenario with an increase in wood usage for bioenergy generates a loss of the HWP pool of 351, 80, 77, and 6 Mt CO2 for the same countries, not accounting for energy substitution effects. Overall, our results suggest that the HWP carbon stock can be increased in the short‐medium term by prioritizing the use of wood for material purposes, while maintaining constant harvest. The HWP mitigation potential differed greatly according to national wood industry characteristics. Hence, tailoring the HWP mitigation strategies to the specific characteristics of the national wood chain would enhance the HWP climate benefits.
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- 2024
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169. Traditional homegardens change to perennial monocropping of khat (Catha edulis) reduced woody species and enset conservation and climate change mitigation potentials of the Wondo Genet landscape of southern Ethiopia
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Beyene Teklu Mellisse, Motuma Tolera, and Ararsa Derese
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Carbon stock ,Homegardens ,Khat ,Woody species ,Wondo Genet ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Smallholder farmers in the Wondo Genet were forced to switch from long-standing, diverse traditional home gardens to monoculture khat production due to increasing population pressure-induced farmland constraints. The composition of woody species and the biomass carbon stock are thought to drop as homegardens transition from polyculture to monoculture; however there is little quantitative evidence to support this claim. This study was started to assess the effects on woody species, enset, and biomass carbon of converting traditional homegardens to a fast spreading perennial monocropping of khat (Catha edulis Forskal). In 10 m × 10 m (100m2) plots from 43 farms with neighboring land use patterns for each homegarden and khat, woody species and enset were inventoried, the total number of tree, shrub, and enset species counted, as well as the height and diameter of each species measured. To determine the biomass carbon stock of each land use type, both general and species-specific allometric equations are used. Simpson's diversity index, Shannon-Wiener, and Shannon equitability were used to evaluate the diversity of enset and woody species. There were 27 different types of woody species identified, with trees making up 67 % of the total and shrubs accounting for 33 %. Shannon, Simpson, and the richness of woody species all decreased by 46 %, 51 %, and 38 %, respectively, in comparison to residential gardens. For homegardens and khat, respectively, the mean Evenness values were 0.876 and 0.539. In homegardens, Coffea arabica was the most valuable woody species, followed by Cordia africana Lam, Persea americana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Grevillea Robusta. In contrast, Catha edulis was the most valuable woody species in the Khat land use type, followed by Coffea arabica, Croton macrostachyus Del, and Cordia africana. In comparison to homegardens, the above-ground, below-ground, and total biomass carbon reported in khat land use types were reduced by 18 %, 63 %, and 42 %, respectively. Grevillea and Eucalyptus species made up 51 % of the total biomass carbon stock in the homegardens, which suggests that khat and quickly expanding fast-growing plants have displaced native woody species.Understanding the long-term effects of agro-biodiversity loss requires greater research on the implications of the decline in woody species diversity and biomass carbon stock on soil fertility and sustainable farming. This is due to the numerous functions that woody species and enset play.
- Published
- 2024
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170. Climate Effect on Carbon, Phytomass, and Litter Stocks in Forest Stands in the South of European Russia.
- Author
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Kaganov, V. V., Zamolodchikov, D. G., and Mostovaya, A. S.
- Abstract
The manifestation of modern global climate change is increasingly intensifying, affecting anthropogenic and natural systems. Bioclimatic models predict significant shifts in biome boundaries, including a reduction in the portion of forests in the forest-steppe areas. This process may also affect carbon stocks. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of climate and its changes on the values and variations of carbon stocks in the phytomass of forest stands by data of repeated surveys of permanent test plots. Eight forests have been selected in the southern regions of European Russia (ER), and test plots are laid in them. Repeated surveys were performed on the test plots in 2010–2011, 2014–2015, and 2019–2020. The carbon reserves of living and dead components of forest stands were calculated according to taxation characteristics. The litter carbon stocks were determined by the gravimetric method. Meteorological data from the meteorological stations closest to the study objects were analyzed. The mean annual temperature for 1991–2020 increased as compared to 1961–1990 by 1.13°C, which was 2.5 times greater than the global mean. Annual precipitation decreased from 448.2 to 445.4 mm. The mean value of G.T. Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for May–September was 0.85 during the period of 1961–1990 and 0.79 in 1991–2020. The stock of the phytomass carbon in the studied forest stands varied from 38.5 ± 7.4 t C ha
–1 to 270.6 ± 52.8 t C ha–1 . Repeated surveys revealed both increases and decreases in phytomass carbon stocks, which ranged from –23.8 to 31.9 t C ha–1 over a 5-year period. The analysis of phytomass carbon stocks and climatic characteristics revealed a statistically significant correlation with the HTC for May–September. However, the comparison of changes in phytomass with variations in the mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and the HTC for May–September did not reveal significant dependencies. The absence of significant correlations between changes in phytomass carbon and in climatic parameters may be explained by the stability of forest ecosystems, which ensures the preservation of their functions during several-year-long periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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171. The impact of land cover change on the carbon stock of moist afromontane forests in the Majang Forest Biosphere Reserve.
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Tadese, Semegnew, Soromessa, Teshome, Aneseye, Abreham Berta, Gebeyehu, Getaneh, Noszczyk, Tomasz, and Kindu, Mengistie
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- *
LAND cover , *BIOSPHERE reserves , *CARBON cycle , *FOREST reserves , *TROPICAL ecosystems , *ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature , *STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Backgorund: Forest plays an important role in the global carbon cycle by sequestering carbon dioxide and thereby mitigating climate change. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effects of land use/land cover (LULC) change (1989–2017) on carbon stock and its economic values in tropical moist Afromontane forests of the Majang Forest Biosphere Reserve (MFBR), south-west Ethiopia. Systematic sampling was conducted to collect biomass and soil data from 140 plots in MFBR. The soil data were collected from grassland and farmland. InVEST modelling was employed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of carbon stocks. Global Voluntary Market Price (GVMP) and Tropical Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) analysis was performed to estimate economic values (EV) of carbon stock dynamics. Correlation and regression analyses were also employed to identify the relationship between environmental and anthropogenic impacts on carbon stocks. Results: The results indicated that the above-ground carbon and soil organic carbon stocks were higher than the other remaining carbon pools in MFBR. The mean carbon stock (32.59 M tonne) in 2017 was lower than in 1989 (34.76 Mt) of MFBR. Similarly, the EV of carbon stock in 2017 was lower than in 1989. Elevation, slope, and harvesting index are important environmental and disturbance factors resulting in major differences in carbon stock among study sites in MFBR. Conclusions: Therefore, the gradual reduction of carbon stocks in connection with LULC change calls for urgent attention to implement successful conservation and sustainable use of forest resources in biosphere reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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172. Estimating above and below ground carbon stock of forest using field inventory and vegetation indices: A case study of Godebie National Park, Ethiopia.
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Marelign, Adamsew, Taju, Muhabaw, Esa, Ebrahim, Akele, Asrat, Mekonen, Temesgen, Fentahun, Birara, Gebeye, Kindie, and Tekeba, Habtamu
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CARBON ,PLANTS ,FOREST ecology ,REMOTE sensing ,CARBON sequestration ,REGRESSION analysis ,FOREST conservation ,FOREST protection - Abstract
Forests are the potential source for managing carbon sequestration and balancing universal carbon equilibrium between sources and sinks. In view of the importance of biomass, this study makes an attempt to estimate temporal and spatial carbon stock of Godebie National Park, Ethiopia, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer (MODIS), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the field inventory data through geospatial techniques. A model was developed for establishing the relationship between forest carbon, EVI, and NDVI in the selected study site. The correlation value between estimated carbon stock with EVI were found as 0.69, while with NDVI, the values were obtained as 0.87 respectively. The regression model of measured biomass with NDVI and EVI was developed for the data obtained during the period 2020-2021. The R² values obtained were 0.81 for the regression model between estimated carbon stock and EVI, and 0.77 for the regression model between NDVI and estimated carbon stock. The results indicate that the methodology adopted in this study can help in selecting best fit model for analyzing relationship between carbon stock and NDVI/EVI and for estimating biomass and carbon stock using allometric equation at various spatial scales. The produced output map and allometric equation revealed carbon stock distribution of 5.88 t/ha up to 900 t/ha, with an average value of 406.67. Generally, the approaches used on this study can be used by the forest planners, policy makers, and government officials for conservation and protection of the forest ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
173. Species richness, stand structure and carbon storage under an age chronosequence in Tectona grandis plantation at agricultural landscape of Indian Eastern Himalayan Foothill.
- Author
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Chettri, Roman, Tamang, Mendup, Sarkar, Biplov Ch., Shukla, Gopal, ., Vineeta, Debnath, Manoj Kanti, Nath, Arun Jyoti, Bhat, Jahangeer A, and Chakravarty, Sumit
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,TEAK ,CARBON sequestration in forests ,SPECIES diversity ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,FOREST biomass ,FERNS - Abstract
Understanding the variations in plant diversity, soil physico-chemical characteristics, and biomass storage under an age chronosequence of farm forests is crucial to advance our knowledge of their potential role in biodiversity conservation, soil management and climate change mitigation. The present work was conducted from September 2018 to February 2020 in randomly selected young unmanaged farm forests categorized into ≤ 5, 5–10 and 10–15 years old age classes with standard procedures of estimating diversity indices, biomass, carbon and soil physico-chemical parameters. Overall species richness of the plantations was 28, of which 11 were trees, 9 herbs, 3 shrubs, 3 climbers and 2 ferns. The quantitative vegetation parameters and diversity indices estimated indicate that the farm forests' plant assemblages constitute mainly native species. Based on IVI values, herbs were the most critical species, followed by shrubs and trees. With the increasing farm age, the species richness, the vegetative parameters and diversity indices decreased. The soil of the plantations was inconsistant nature and unstable characteristics as they did not exhibit any discrete trend with plantation age. Total biomass and organic carbon storage increased with increasing farm age. The overall mean total plant biomass, soil organic carbon, and ecosystem carbon storage in the farm forests were 87.94, 39.62 and 80.96 Mg ha
− 1 , respectively. Every subsequent increase of farm age by five years increased the ecosystem carbon stock by 33.22% and 4.09%, respectively while; the total increment was 38.67% from lowest to highest age class. The quantum of carbon storage in these farm forests was less than those reported for the native forests. Still, it can convert an unutilized agricultural landscape to a net carbon sink or even earn carbon credits. Moreover, the vegetation heterogeneity developed in these farm forests within a short span of 15 years can develop into semi-natural secondary forests with multiple social and ecological benefits in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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174. Carbon Pools and Indices Under Activated Trash Treatments in Sugarcane Plant–Ratoon System Grown in Calcareous Soil of Subtropics.
- Author
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Bairwa, Rajendra, Jha, C. K., Thakur, S. K., Mamta, Roy, D. K., and Brajendra
- Abstract
A field investigation was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, India during 2020–2022 on sugarcane plant–ratoon system to investigate the effect of trash mulching treatments applied either alone or activated with urea (25 kg N ha
−1 )/farmyard manure (5 t ha−1 )/vermicompost (2.5 t ha−1 )/Trichoderma viride/Azotobacter + PSB inoculated trash and direct incorporation of trash in soil with no trash control. The dose of chemical fertilizer for plant and ratoon was applied as per recommendation in all the treatments. The results revealed that the CO2 evolution decreased continuously with the advancement of crop growth. The very labile (1.62–2.76 g kg−1 ), labile (1.09–2.17 g kg−1 ), less labile (1.55–2.21 g kg−1 ) and non-labile carbon (2.18–2.95 g kg−1 ) varied significantly after two crop cycles. The carbon fractions were in order of non-labile-C > very labile-C > less labile-C > labile-C. The mean soil TOC (6.26–9.79 g kg−1 ), organic carbon stock (14.70–20.76 Mg ha−1 ), SMBC (110.73–265.16 mg kg−1 ) and microbial quotient (1.77–2.71%) differed significantly due to trash mulching treatments after harvest of ratoon. The CPI (1.00–1.57) and CMI (138.36–238.30) varied significantly in trash-treated plots than no trash. The results revealed that mean cane yield of plant (65.96–83.31 t ha−1 ) and ratoon crop (54.20–71.99 t ha−1 ) differed significantly among the treatments. The mean sugar yield varied significantly in plant (7.22–9.97 t ha−1 ) and ratoon crop (5.78–8.58 t ha−1 ) due to various trash mulching treatments. The positive relationship was found among cane and sugar yield with TOC and CMI. Our findings suggest that trash mulching (10 t/ha) treatments either activated with urea/vermicompost/FYM or inoculated with Trichoderma viride significantly improved soil carbon pool parameters, fractions of carbon and carbon stock over the two crop cycles with improvement in the carbon indices, viz. carbon pool index and carbon management index. It brings significant enhancement in quality of soil and productivity of sugarcane plant–ratoon system in subtropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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175. Ecosystem Carbon Stock Assessment in Upland Forest: A Case Study in Koh Kong, Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear, and Siem Reap Provinces.
- Author
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SOBEN KIM, SARUN HORN, PHEAK SOK, TEAMHY SIEN, and CHOMROEUN YORN
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LIFE zones ,FOREST surveys ,DECIDUOUS forests ,UPLANDS ,CARBON in soils ,FOREST products industry ,CARBON paper - Abstract
The climate change problem is caused by human-induced increases in the stock of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. In Cambodia, forests provide many important ecosystem services to local people such as food production, natural medicine, water supply, and wind/storm protection. Additionally, Cambodian forests sequester a considerable amount of carbon, contributing to the mitigation of greenhouse gas-induced climate change on a global level. However, the amount of carbon stored in forests differs according to spatial and temporal factors such as forest type, size, age, stand structure, associated vegetation, and ecological zonation, among other things. The current research aimed to i) conduct forest inventory of upland forest area in the Koh Kong, Mondulkiri, Preah Viher, and Siem Reap provinces of Cambodia, and ii) assess carbon stock at the target sites across different provinces. The study applied the carbon stock assessment methodology as outlined in the National Forest Inventory and the Field Manual for the National Forestry Inventory of Cambodia issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2018, applied across different types of forest at several pilot project sites. In addition, the study conducted an assessment of carbon stock in soil and ground litter carbon pools. The research studied five carbon pools: aboveground biomass pool (AGB), belowground biomass pool (BGB), litter biomass pool, dead wood biomass pool, and soil organic carbon pool (SOC). The results indicated total carbon stock in Koh Kong Province at 200.04 tonnes C/ha for evergreen forest, in Mondulkiri Province at 246.18 tonnes C/ha for deciduous forest, in Preah Vihear Province at 185.06 tonnes C/ha for deciduous forest, and in Siem Reap Province at 207.67 tones C/ha for deciduous forest and 414.13 tones C/ha for evergreen forest [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
176. Effect of national highway expansion activities on chemical characteristics of soils and its carbon stock in Himachal Pradesh.
- Author
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Sharma, Abhay, Bhardwaj, Satish Kumar, and Sharma, Abha
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HEAVY metals ,CARBON in soils ,HEAVY metal toxicology ,ROAD construction ,CARBON sequestration ,SOIL quality ,AUTOMOTIVE transportation - Abstract
The impact of the construction and expansion of the highway system on the surrounding soil ecosystem was investigated based on field surveys and experimental analysis during the years 2016 and 2017. In the proposed study, soil available nutrients (N, P, K), heavy metal toxicity, and carbon stock were evaluated spatially by considering horizontal distances of 0–5 m, 5–10 m, and > 20 m and seasonally during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon months. The concentration of soil available N, P, K ranged from 278.22 to 297.64 kg ha
−1 , 34.93 to 46.73 kg ha−1 , and 233.91 to 265.22 kg ha−1 and was observed to be low in the soils adjacent to road construction activities (0–5 m) as compared to control site (> 20 m), which significantly indicated that soils nearby roads were more degraded. Seasonal variation played a significant impact on soil chemical properties; especially, a higher concentration of available macronutrients was observed during the post-monsoon season. The highly disturbed soil at 0–5 m registered higher heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Fe) as compared to the control site and followed the decreasing order: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cd. In addition, highway expansion activities decreased soil organic carbon by 30% in the roadside soils in comparison to the control site. A significant loss of soil carbon stock of 1058.82 Mg C ha−1 was observed, leading to a reduction in the carbon sequestration potential of the region. Moreover, the study notices that highway transportation and construction activities are of potential risk for degrading soil quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
177. Tea Gardens, A Potential Carbon-Sink for Climate Change Mitigation.
- Author
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CHETTRI, VIVEK and GHOSH, CHANDRA
- Subjects
TEA gardens ,CARBON cycle ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON sequestration ,PLANTATIONS - Abstract
The necessity to identify ecosystems with high carbon sink capacity as an alternative mitigation approach to terrestrial carbon sequestration has increased due to hazards such as global warming from emissions of Green House Gases mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Tea is an intensively managed perennial cash crop planted beneath a canopy of shade trees. They provide a prospect for the reduction of climate change while providing economic incentives so much so that some states and the country are dependent on the plantations and the revenue generated out of the tea gardens. Tea and shade trees together can store a significant quantity of atmospheric CO2 in the plants and the soil. The area of the gardens and the shade trees that grow in them makes it very necessary to estimate the amount of carbon sequestered in tea agroforestry systems and define their role as carbon sinks countering the climatic changes and the mitigation of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
178. Carbon sequestration potential of process‐based river restoration.
- Author
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Hinshaw, Sarah and Wohl, Ellen
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,STREAM restoration ,PALEOCLIMATOLOGY ,WATER table ,FLOODPLAINS ,FOREST restoration - Abstract
Floodplain restoration can enhance the capacity for carbon sequestration by facilitating higher water tables, deposition of fine sediment, and increased input and residence time of organic matter. We measured floodplain soil organic carbon stocks in nine stream restoration projects across the western United States and compared them to nearby degraded and reference condition floodplains. Degraded floodplains had the lowest soil mean carbon stocks in the majority of floodplains measured (range 161–894 Mg C/ha), and reference stocks had the highest stocks (range 391–904 Mg C/ha) of those with statistically significant differences between the three categories. Across all sites measured, stream restoration sites, referred to as treatment sites, had stocks (range 203–1028 Mg C/ha) similar to degraded condition floodplains but the largest range. When modeled under degraded conditions, four out of nine of the treatment sites had significantly higher OC stocks than predicted. Climate and geologic variables are most influential in predicting carbon stocks, and floodplains in the interior western USA have the highest carbon stocks. As the demand for carbon sequestration increases due to climate change, ecologically responsible floodplain restoration provides a significant opportunity for carbon storage. However, despite the statistically significant relationships we observed in this dataset, the variations within the data in relation to degraded/treatment/reference categories illustrate the uncertainties in quantifying the effects of restoration on floodplain carbon stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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179. The role of social forestry in achieving NDC targets: Study cases of Lampung and DI Yogyakarta.
- Author
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Syakila, Alfi, Takarina, Noverita Dian, Koestoer, Raldi Hendro, and Moeliono, Moira
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CLIMATE change adaptation ,STOCK prices ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON offsetting ,FOREST management ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,EDGE effects (Ecology) ,LAND cover ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Social Forestry (SF) in Indonesia has emerged as a keystone strategy for Sustainable Forest Management. By allocating 12.7 million ha of forest to be managed by local communities, the government has set in motion an ambitious plan for SF to reduce poverty, empower local people, and improve forest conditions. More recently, SF is framed for its opportunity to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study focused on examining the contribution of SF to the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals in Yogyakarta and Lampung. By analyzing spatial data of SF areas and land cover changes using ArcView 10.8, the study assessed the carbon stock potential in SF areas. Carbon stock calculations were based on the 2022 National Forest Reference Level (FRL) for the periods before and after SF implementation. The finding of the study indicated that the carbon stock of SF areas in Yogyakarta and Lampung ranged from 9,214,381 to 9,923,420 ton CO2eq prior to SF, while the current carbon stock ranges from 8,703,489 to 9,393,706 ton CO2eq, representing a decrease (around 5.4%) rather than an increase. Overall, the changes in carbon stock were relatively small and localized, and the magnitude of the increase was insufficient to offset the overall decrease. To achieve the objectives of SF, such as meeting emission targets and achieving sustainable land use, it is crucial to carefully manage forest edges and fragmented forests, as they can contribute to carbon stock losses. Additionally, further studies and research are needed to improve the accuracy of carbon stock calculations, particularly for non-forest categories, which have higher uncertainty in the reference levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. China's Climate Change Policy Attention and Forestry Carbon Sequestration Growth.
- Author
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Meng, Jixian, Lu, Feng, and Cheng, Baodong
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,CARBON sequestration ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON sequestration in forests ,CARBON offsetting ,CLIMATE change ,FOREST policy - Abstract
Forest carbon sinks play an important role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Chinese government has demonstrated its proactive approach to addressing climate change by setting development targets for low-carbon transformation and making solemn commitments to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In this article, the Chinese Government's Work Reports and Five-Year Plans are used to construct an index named China's Climate Change Policy Attention ( C C P A ), which reflects the government's emphasis on climate change and forestry in China. This article aims to examine the impact of C C P A , the adjusted Climate Policy Uncertainty ( C P U ) index from the U.S., and the Economic Policy Uncertainty ( E P U ) index from China on the Chinese forest carbon stocks ( F C S ) comprehensively. On this basis, we are interested in clarifying the channels by which C C P A promotes the growth of forest carbon sequestration in China. Specifically, panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017 are used for empirical analysis, and the following results are obtained: (1) The baseline regression indicates that C C P A significantly promotes the growth of F C S , while C P U or E P U inhibits its growth. (2) The interactive regression shows that the effect of C C P A on the growth of F C S can mitigate the inhibiting impact of C P U or E P U . (3) Mediation analysis documents that C C P A promotes F C S growth by increasing the forest tending area, expanding the existing forest area, increasing renewable energy consumption, and improving green investment. (4) Heterogeneity analysis reveals a clear differentiation in the effect of C C P A on F C S under different situations. Finally, policy implications are proposed based on the results. This article is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the Chinese government to develop relevant policies from the perspective of promoting F C S growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. Carbon Sequestration by Soils of Ash Dump Forest Areas in the Middle Urals (Russia).
- Author
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Nekrasova, Olga, Radchenko, Tatiana, Betekhtina, Anna, Petrova, Tatiana, Uchaev, Anton, and Dergacheva, Maria
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,ANDOSOLS ,CARBON in soils ,FOREST soils ,CARBON sequestration in forests ,CALCIUM ions - Abstract
The purpose of this article was to assess the participation of young soils of ash dump forest communities in carbon sequestration by soils of southern taiga forests, considering the physico-chemical properties of the ash substrate and forest litter (pH, TOC, TN, content of P and K mobile compounds, and exchangeable Ca and Mg ions). It was revealed that on three Middle Ural ash dumps (composed of fly ash from various brown coals) over 50–60 years, forest communities spontaneously formed according to the zonal type (with the dominance of Betula pendula Roth and Populus tremula L.) with poorly differentiated young soils—technosols. For the first time, as a result of using an integrated approach to assess the direction of forest ecosystem formation on fly ash dumps, a tendency to increase carbon stocks in technogenic soils that have not reached the level of zonal soils was revealed, as well as the dependence of C accumulation on some physico-chemical characteristics of ash was established. Carbon stocks in Technosols are on average equal to 44 t/ha but vary significantly. It was shown that there is a medium negative relationship between the content and stocks of organic carbon in soils formed on a technogenic substrate and the content of mobile phosphorus compounds in them (the correlation coefficient is −0.58 and −0.53, respectively). The average carbon stocks in the litter of technosols, which is the main source of organic carbon in forest soils, are 3.2 t/ha. It was revealed that the carbon stocks in the litter are most influenced by the content of exchangeable calcium cations and magnesium in it (the correlation coefficients are −0.68 and −0.69, respectively). Any correlation between the studied litter parameters and carbon accumulation in the soils of ash dumps was found. The study revealed that the carbon stocks in the technosols of ash dump forest communities are two times less than the carbon stocks in the zonal forest soils of the Middle Ural southern taiga. The stocks of this element in the litter of young soils are equal to 1/3 of the litter of zonal soils. The composition of the humus substance system formed in the soils of forest areas of ash dumps and zonal soils is similar. The results of this study can serve to fill gaps in the knowledge about carbon sequestration by soils and aim to draw attention to forest communities of technogenic ecosystems to consider the contribution of their components to carbon sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
182. Carbon Stock and CO 2 Fluxes in Various Land Covers in Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
- Author
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Harahap, Mikrajni, Basyuni, Mohammad, Sulistiyono, Nurdin, Sasmito, Sigit D., Latifah, Siti, Delvian, Amelia, Rizka, Bimantara, Yuntha, Harahap, Salma Safrina Hashilah, Larekeng, Siti Halimah, Sumarga, Elham, Al Mustaniroh, Shofiyah S., Slamet, Bejo, Arifanti, Virni B., and Ali, Hayssam M.
- Abstract
Mangrove forests play an important role in coastal areas from an ecological perspective, being able to store large amounts of carbon through sequestration and inhibiting climate change processes by absorbing CO
2 in the atmosphere. In recent years, there have been changes in the land cover of converted and degraded mangrove forests which have resulted in the release of carbon and an imbalance in soil structure, which in turn cause a flux of CO2 into the atmosphere. This research was conducted at the Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve (KGLTLWR) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study focused on six different land covers, namely natural forests, restoration, mixed agriculture, paddy fields, oil palm plantation, and ponds. This study aimed to measure the total carbon stock of mangrove forests that have been converted to other land covers and estimate the level of CO2 flux in the area. A total of three transects and six plots for each land cover were used in this study; for tree biomass, a non-destructive method was used by recording every DBH > 5 cm, and for soil carbon, drilling was carried out, which was divided into five depths in each plot. CO2 flux was measured using an Eosense Eosgp CO2 sensor with the static closed chamber method. The highest carbon stock was found at 308.09 Mg ha−1 in natural forest, while the lowest 3.22 Mg ha−1 was found in mixed agriculture. The highest soil carbon was found at 423.59 MgC ha−1 in natural forest, while the lowest 50.44 MgC ha−1 was found in mixed agriculture dry land. The highest average CO2 flux value of 1362.24 mgCO2 m2 h−1 was found in mangrove restoration and the lowest in ponds was 123.03 mgCO2 m2 h−1 . Overall, the research results inform how much carbon stock is lost when converted to other land covers so that it can be used as a reference for policy makers to provide future management of mangrove forests and develop mitigation measurements to reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
183. Estimating the Trade-Offs between Wildfires and Carbon Stocks across Landscape Types to Inform Nature-Based Solutions in Mediterranean Regions.
- Author
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Simões, Rui Serôdio, Ribeiro, Paulo Flores, and Santos, José Lima
- Subjects
- *
WILDFIRES , *WILDFIRE prevention , *LAND degradation , *MIXED forests , *CARBON , *ECOSYSTEM services , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Climate and land-use changes have been contributing to the increase in the occurrence of extreme wildfires, shifting fire regimes and driving desertification, particularly in Mediterranean-climate regions. However, few studies have researched the influence of land use/cover on fire regimes and carbon storage at the broad national scale. To address this gap, we used spatially explicit data from annual burned areas in mainland Portugal to build a typology of fire regimes based on the accumulated burned area and its temporal concentration (Gini Index) between 1984 and 2019. This typology was then combined with carbon stock data and different landscapes to explore relationships between landscape types and two important ecosystem services: wildfire reduction and carbon stock. Multivariate analyses were performed on these data and the results revealed a strong relationship between landscapes dominated by maritime pine and eucalypt plantations and highly hazardous fire regimes, which in turn hold the highest carbon stocks. Shrubland and mixed landscapes were associated with low carbon stocks and less hazardous fire regimes. Specialized agricultural landscapes, as well as mixed native forests and mixed agroforestry landscapes, were the least associated with wildfires. In the case of agricultural landscapes, however, this good wildfire performance is achieved at the cost of the poorest carbon stock, whereas native forests and agroforestry landscapes strike the best trade-off between carbon stock and fire regime. Our findings support how nature-based solutions promoting wildfire mitigation and carbon stock ecosystem services may prevent and revert land degradation harming Mediterranean regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. ESTIMATION ON VOLUME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE WOOD DENSITY OF MALAYSIAN TIMBER FOR CALCULATION OF CARBON STOCK.
- Author
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Ong C. B., Khairul-Izzuddin H., and Zairul A. R.
- Subjects
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WOOD products , *TIMBER , *BUSINESS names , *BOTANICAL nomenclature , *ARITHMETIC mean ,WOOD density - Abstract
Wood density plays an important role in the calculation of national carbon stock, specifically when employing production approach to observe the carbon stock change based on national production of harvested wood products. Density is used as one of the parameter for estimating the carbon stock and annual carbon change in the harvested wood products pools. In this study, the commodity data, sawn timber productions from year 1995 to 2020, were gathered from published annual statistics by Forestry Statistics Peninsular Malaysia. These data include all the commercial timbers in Peninsular Malaysia, which are grouped according to trade names. Efforts were made to correctly identify and compile the botanical name as well as density range and mean of each timber trade name according to published references. Basic density and total volume of sawn timber productions were used to calculate the weighted average wood density of Malaysian timber. The estimated volume-weighted average wood density (563 kg m-3) was comparable to the arithmetic mean (559 kg m-3) and published density value for tropical species (590 kg m-3) by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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185. CONTRIBUTION OF PROTECTED AREAS TO AVOIDED DEFORESTATION IN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL.
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Luiza Spanholi, Maira and Frickmann Young, Carlos Eduardo
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PROTECTED areas , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *DEFORESTATION , *BIOMES , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *SOIL erosion , *BOND market - Abstract
Protected Areas (PAs) are important spaces for the protection of biodiversity, capable of halting deforestation and collaborating in the intentions to reduce climate change. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the importance of Protected Areas in the state of Mato Grosso in the avoided deforestation and to estimate their contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and soil erosion. The methodology was based on secondary data and the use of a GIS environment. As a result, it was found that in Mato Grosso there are 120 PAs between federal, state and municipal, they protect 6% of the territorial area of the state and most are located in the Amazon biome. Mato Grosso's Forest cover in 2019 was 49.8 million hectares, with an estimated forest carbon stock of over 16.4 GtCO2. The PAs were created over the years in the state, but the greatest number occurred between 2000 and 2005 and together, in 2019 they were responsible for preventing the deforestation of more than 726,000 hectares of forest, 10 million tons of erosion and storing 281 million tons of carbon, which if traded on the credit market would have an estimated value of more than US$1.25 million. If the PAs did not exist and if deforestation were to be carried out, the cost of replacing this area would be more than US$2.73 billion. Therefore, the importance of PAs in environmental conservation and in the economy related to forest cover is notorious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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186. Carbono en el Pacífico sudamericano: reservas en comunidades vegetales de un humedal costero en Perú.
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Chavez, Ronal and Aponte, Héctor
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PLANT biomass ,PLANT communities ,ECOSYSTEM services ,SOIL depth ,VALUE (Economics) ,STOCKS (Finance) ,CARBON ,PLANT-soil relationships ,COASTAL wetlands - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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187. Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Influencing Factors in the Zoige Alpine Wetland from the 1980s to 2020 Based on a Random Forest Model.
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Zhang, Haotian, Wang, Jianheng, Zhang, Yichen, Qian, Hongyu, Xie, Zhiyi, Hu, Yufu, Huang, Yongjie, Zhao, Chuan, Cheng, Wanli, Feng, Xiaoxuan, Qi, Haoran, and Du, Siqi
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RANDOM forest algorithms ,WETLANDS ,WETLAND soils ,CARBON in soils ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Wetlands provide important ecosystem services, such as water conservation, biodiversity protection, and carbon sequestration. The Zoige alpine wetland is the largest high-altitude swamp in the world and plays a critical role in regional ecological balance and climate change. However, little is known about the fate of its soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. In this study, we estimated the degradation status of the wetland over the past 35 years and used machine learning to investigate the dynamics and driving factors of SOC at different soil depths of the Zoige wetland in 1985, 2000, and 2020. We also simulated the future SOC balance under different scenarios. The results showed that the area of Zoige wetland has degraded by 378.71 km
2 in the past 35 years. Increased precipitation and solar radiation offset the adverse effects of global warming, making the soil act as a carbon sink in the past 35 years. The total SOC storage of the wetland soils in 1985, 2000, and 2020 was estimated to be 2.03 Pg, 2.05 Pg, and 2.21 Pg, respectively, with 46.95% of SOC distributed in the subsoil layers. Climate change was the most important driving factor controlling the SOC storage of the Zoige wetland, explaining 51.33% of the SOC changes in the soil. Temperature change was always the most important factor controlling wetland SOC, and precipitation had a greater impact on the topsoil. Under the temperature control targets of 1.5 °C and 2 °C, the SOC pool of the Zoige wetland will decrease by 60.21 Tg C and 69.19 Tg C, respectively. Under scenarios of a 10% and 20% increase in precipitation, the wetland soil will accumulate an additional 46.53 Tg C and 118.89 Tg C, respectively. The study results provide important references for the sustainable management of the Zoige wetland under the background of global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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188. 基于土地利用变化的成都平原经济区 碳储量时空演变与情景模拟.
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赵 桐 and 蒙吉军
- Abstract
Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Land Use and Carbon Stock Changes in Taiyuan under Different Scenarios.
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WANG Ben, ZHEN Zhilei, XI Ruyang, CHEN Xiaoping, and QIAO Qiong
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FOREST protection ,CARBON nanofibers ,LAND use ,URBAN ecology ,FORESTS & forestry ,CARBON sequestration ,LAND use laws - Abstract
Land use change has a significant impact on the carbon balance in urban ecosystems. Based on the law of land use change in Taiyuan City from 2000 to 2020, this study uses the CA-Markov model to predict the spatial pattern of land use in different scenarios in 2030, and uses the InVEST model to evaluate the carbon storage of Taiyuan City from 2000 to 2030. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the construction land increased significantly, an increase of 339.265 km², and the area of forest land increased by 96.707 km²; the area of water, cultivated land, grassland and unused land decreased by 13.333 km², 275.037 km², 146.073 km² and 1.223 km², respectively. From 2000 to 2020, the carbon storage in Taiyuan has decreased by 2 312 591.65 t. Different from the natural development scenario, under the ecological protection scenario, the forest land will increase slightly in 2030 compared with 2020, and the construction land will be effectively limited and expanded, both of which facilitated the generation of ecological effects under the ecological protection scenario. In 2030, the carbon storage under the ecological protection scenario is 1 760 959.397 t more than that under the natural development scenario. From the perspective of land use changes, the increase in forest area is the main reason for the increase in carbon storage in the study area, and the carbon sequestration capacity is enhanced under the ecological protection scenario. This study will provide a scientific basis for land use structure adjustment and management in Taiyuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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190. Modeling Above-Ground Carbon Dynamics under Different Silvicultural Treatments on the McDonald–Dunn Research Forest.
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Carlisle, Catherine, Fitzgerald, Stephen, and Temesgen, Hailemariam
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FOREST thinning ,FOREST management ,CARBON sequestration ,FOREST plants ,CARBON ,HARVESTING ,BIOMASS conversion - Abstract
Forest management decisions affect carbon stock and rates of sequestration. One subject of debate is the rotation age that will optimize sequestration over extended periods. Some argue that shorter rotations facilitate greater sequestration rates due to the accelerated growth rates of younger trees compared to mature or old-growth trees. Others maintain that frequent harvesting will not allow forest carbon to rebound after each subsequent rotation, and thus more extended periods between clearcutting is the superior choice. These contrasting viewpoints are mirrored regarding the impact of thinning treatments, in that either thinning will enhance forest carbon uptake by facilitating improved and sustained r growth of residual trees or removing any above-ground biomass will outweigh the yields. This study aims to compare the different suites of management decisions and identify practical combinations of rotation ages and thinning applications that will optimize carbon sequestration while meeting other objectives over a 240-year projection timeframe. Stand development under different harvest rotations and thinning specifications was modeled using a Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). We found that site productivity was the primary determinant in stand-above-ground carbon dynamics under various management scenarios. Thus, the optimal rotation age/thinning treatment combinations differed between site classes. High productivity stands were estimated to sequester the most above-ground live carbon with 60-year rotations with a low-intensity thin at age 40. Moderately productive stands performed the best with 80-year rotations when two low-intensity thinning treatments were applied between harvests. For high and moderate productivity stands, estimates of gross carbon increased when two low or moderate-intensity thinning treatments were applied within 80- or 120-year rotations. High-intensity thinning treatments reduced total carbon sequestered over the 240-year projection timeframe for all productivity levels and rotation ages, except for low productivity stands under 120-year rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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191. Earthworm dynamics in relation to alterations of vegetation: effects of oil palm in comparison to rubber and natural forest in tropical Ultisols
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Samarawickrama, Udaranga Iroshan, Leelamanie, Dewpura A.L., Wijekoon, Wijekoon Mudiyanselage Chamila Janaka, and Jayasinghe, Podduwa Kankanamge Subash Chaminda
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- 2024
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192. Estimation of Organic Carbon Stock Under Soil Depth and Land Use Types of Wacho Forest, Southwest Ethiopia: An Implication for Climate Change Mitigation
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Gashu, Gezahegn, Gidey, Gebre, Fakansa, Zame, and Deressa, Sime
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- 2024
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193. A study on carbon sequestration potential of selected roadside tree species in Ludhiana, India
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Verma, Jyoti and Singh, Parminder
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- 2024
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194. Evaluation of the soil carbon sequestration potential and toward digital soil mapping under semi-arid Mediterranean ecological condition
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Alaboz, Pelin and Dengiz, Orhan
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- 2024
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195. Soil organic carbon pool in diverse land utilization patterns in North-East India: an implication for carbon sequestration
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Gogoi, Navamallika, Choudhury, Moharana, Ul Hasan, Mohd Sayeed, Changmai, Bishwajit, Baruah, Debajit, and Samanta, Palas
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- 2024
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196. Allometric model based estimation of biomass and carbon stock for individual and overlapping trees using terrestrial LiDAR
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Gaikadi, Sangeetha and Selvaraj, Vasantha Kumar
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- 2024
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197. Carbon stock of beech trees at canopy gaps in temperate Hyrcanian forest (Case study: Alandan forest,Mazandaran)
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Alireza Amolikondori, Kambiz Abrari Vajari, and Mohammad Feizian
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carbon stock ,deciduous forest ,single-tree selection ,tree structure ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Introduction: Diverse gap sizes have formed in temperate Hyrcanian forests as a result of different silvicultural operations. Understanding the consequences of these practices on forest stand dynamics can help in deciding the choice of silvicultural methods. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of canopy gaps on the carbon stock of beech trees and compare it with the adjacent stand and also the interaction between tree attributes and their carbon stock.Material and methods: The created gaps from single-tree cutting were classified in three classes of small, medium and large area with five replicates for each. Trees were also identified in the adjacent forest to each gap at a distance of 20 m from four directions of them. Tree height, DBH, surface area, volume, length, diameter of crown and carbon stock of trees were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the average carbon stock index of beech trees in canopy gaps and in different situations as well as for large diameter trees. Independent t-test was applied to compare the average carbon storage in the height classes of the trees and also between the adjacent forest stands with the canopy edges. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the index of carbon stock amount with some structural features of beech trees in the edge of the canopy gaps and the adjacent forest stand.Results and discussion: The findings revealed that the carbon stock of beech trees along the gaps' edges differed significantly (p≤0.05). No significant difference in carbon stock was observed for beech trees among different directions at the edge of the gaps (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean value carbon storage of trees at the edge of the gaps and the adjacent forest (p≤0.05). The highest mean of carbon was observed in the large-sized trees (3725.28 ± 584.49) at the large gaps. The results of correlation showed that with increasing DBH, height, length and diameter of the crown and the volume of the crown, the amount of carbon storage of trees increased at the edge of the gaps and also in the adjacent forest (p≤0.01). Conclusion: Findings indicate the effect of canopy gap area resulting from the implementation of single-tree selection method in beech forest. The correlation between the structural characteristics of beech trees such as DBH, height and crown area with carbon stock shows that when applying silvicultural methods (tending and logging) in Hyrcanian forests, structural characteristics Beech trees, especially the abundance of large-sized trees, should be considered with more carbon stocks in them.
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- 2023
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198. Impact of land use and land cover changes on carbon stock in Aceh Besar District, Aceh, Indonesia
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Ashfa Achmad, Ichwana Ramli, and Nizamuddin Nizamuddin
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aceh besar district ,carbon stock ,forest ,land use and land cover ,landscape ,River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,TC401-506 ,Irrigation engineering. Reclamation of wasteland. Drainage ,TC801-978 - Abstract
The international community affirms the critical role of forests in climate change mitigation, which includes reducing emissions from degradation and deforestation, carbon stock conservation, sustainable forest management, and increasing carbon stocks in developing countries. It relates to land use and land cover changes. This study aims to review land use and land cover changes (LULC) in two decades, namely 2000–2010 and 2010–2020, and the impact on carbon stocks. Landsat satellite imagery in 2000, 2010, and 2020 are classified into six categories: built-up area, cropland, forest, water body, bareland, and grassland. This classification uses supervised classification. The accuracy kappa coefficient values obtained for the LULC 2000, LULC 2010, and LULC 2020 maps were 89.61%, 83.90%, and 87.10%, respectively. The most dominant systematic LULC change processes were forest degradation in 2000–2020; the transition of forest to cropland (349.20 ha), forest to bareland (171.19 ha), and forest to built-up area (661.68 ha). Loss of using the forest for other uses was followed by a decrease in carbon stock. There was a high decrease in carbon stock in the forest category (11,000 Mg C∙y–1). The results showed a significant change in land use and cover. The decline in the area occurred in the forest category, which decreased from year to year. Meanwhile, the built-up area increases every year. Carbon stocks also decrease from year to year, especially forests as the most significant carbon store, decreasing in the area.
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- 2023
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199. Do Managed Hill Sal (Shorea robusta) Community Forests of Nepal Sequester and Conserve More Carbon than Unmanaged Ones?
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Subash Gautam, Sachin Timilsina, Manish Shrestha, Bina Adhikari, Binay Bahadur Adhikari Khatri, and Jagadish Timsina
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carbon stock ,community forests ,forest management activities ,soil organic carbon ,tree and soil biomass ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Nepalese community forests are globally recognized for sustainable forest management and improving the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities, but their contribution to carbon sequestration in trees and soil is rarely studied. This study was performed to understand the effect of management practices on carbon stock of two community forests (CFs) -Taldanda (managed) and Dangdunge (unmanaged) -dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta) in the mid-hills of Nepal. Twenty-one concentric sample plots, each of 250 m2, were laid out in each forest to estimate different carbon pools and a stratified random sampling intensity of 0.5% used to collect data. Results showed significant (p
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- 2023
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200. Sediment organic carbon stocks in tropical lakes and its implication for sustainable lake management
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T.R. Soeprobowti, N.D. Takarina, P.S. Komala, L. Subehi, M. Wojewódka-Przybył, J. Jumari, and R. Nastuti
- Subjects
carbon stock ,lakeside ,sediment ,maninjau lake ,sustainable management ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The lakeside has an enormous sediment carbon storage potential; however, it is susceptible to various environmental changes and can easily become a source of carbon emissions. Understanding the amount of carbon storage in lakeside sediments and organic matter sources may provide information about the potential of lakeside zones in climate change mitigation, particularly for sustainable lake management. This study aims to estimate sediment organic carbon stock and the sources of organic matter in the Maninjau Lakeside-West Sumatera, Indonesia.METHODS: Sediment sampling was performed at five research sites, with a depth of 0–100 centimeters. Sediment samples were divided into 4 subsamples: 0–15; 15–30; 30–50; and 50–100 centimeters. Bulk density and total nitrogen content were analyzed, and the percentage of organic carbon was calculated from the loss of ignition. The sediment organic carbon stock was calculated based on the bulk density and organic carbon content. Carbon per nitrogen ratio was also calculated to determine temporal changes in the sources of organic matter in the lake.FINDINGS: This study demonstrated that Maninjau Lakeside has an enormous potential sedimentary organic carbon stock range between 284.23–442.59 megagrams per carbon per hectare. The highest total sediment carbon stock was found in Duo Koto (442.59 megagrams per carbon per hectare), with the lowest in Koto Kaciak (284.23 megagrams per carbon per hectare). In addition, the study’s results also exhibited significant differences in sediment organic carbon stocks at each location with different land use and cover; in this case, the forest area has a higher carbon stock value than the agricultural and settlement areas. Therefore, it is essential to take initiatives for the restoration and conservation of lakeside areas because of their essential role in mitigating the climate change. The mean ratio of organic carbon and total nitrogen was between 9.96 to 16.91, indicating that phytoplankton, a mixture of floating macrophytes, and submerged vegetation were the sources of organic matter.CONCLUSION: In general, the value of sediment organic carbon stocks tends to be lower in locations with intensive agricultural settlements than in forest areas. This study emphasizes that restoring lakeside wetland is vital in increasing sediment organic carbon stocks and maintaining lake sustainability.
- Published
- 2023
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