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Private Cars (PC) are becoming the most common way to travel daily. This is one of the effects of poor access to Public Transport (PT). As a result, increase air pollution, traffic congestion, noise, accidents. This study aims to develop a modal shift model for car users to shift to PT and determine the factors that effects the performance of the mode of transportation. A survey of 384 of PT users was conducted in Kajang city, Malaysia. Data were processed by SPSS software. A binary logit model has been used for three different lines (car, train and bus). The explanatory factors that looked at two models include trip distances, a trip rate per day, trip time, gender, age, and occupation, which are important variables. Mode Choice Model (Car vs Bus) show the travel time and distance travelled are significant factors to increase the use of public buses and reduce dependence on the car. While in Model (Car vs Train), the travel time is an important variable that effects of the switching decision between car and train. Younger people are more likely to switch in both models. Improve some factors like reliability in public transport services and change some fundamental policy could be the most effective measures for shifting from PC to PT.

The notion of social capital is noble in social science literatures and recently getting noteworthy attention in economics. Its economic relevance has also been well documentedin empirical studies. In this paper, we established relationshipsbetween the stock of household social capital and annual net income following approach for binary logit. Besides, we examined the relative economic importance of general viz special stocks of social capital. Statistical requirements with logistic regression were all tested robust. Consequently, the effectof social capital stock on household economy has found substantial. Of the two distinct forms, the special facet of social capital was found better and significant contributor to householdeconomy. However,the general aspect was suggested insignificantasit was not meaningfully interpreted in the household economic network.Thus, a wise household need to appropriate the general to special social capital establishment, since every additional stock of the later could be meant to considerablyhelp own welfare.

The aim of this article is to assess entrepreneurship activities in Jordan and present how start-ups reduce unemployment. The article also explores the challenges that start-ups face and how such challenges hinder entrepreneurs from engaging in business smoothly. The sample of the study comprises two hundred start-ups distributed in different regions in the country. The method of analysis employed is primarily descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies. Moreover, the binary logit model is used to check the prospects of self-employment and business creation attitudes among youth. The findings of the study reveal that entrepreneurship is one of the main strategies for creating jobs in Jordan, and it contributes to the overall growth of national economy. The study also reveals that the major challenges to engage in start-ups are related to financing and fundraising, regulations of taxation and interpretations of laws. The study also identified a considerable lack of entrepreneurial training at the early stages of business creation.

Aiming at solving a typical problem of past research using accident experience statistics of being unable to adapt to changing traffic flows, this paper provides an evaluation method of the risk of vehicle rear-end collisions at red-light-camera (RLC) intersections based on theoretical probabilities. Taking advantage of trajectory data of vehicles at the two similar intersections, which are Cao’an Road and Lvyuan Road with RLCs and Cao’an Road and Anhong Road without RLCs in Shanghai, a binary logit (BL) model of stop-and-go decision-making is established. Using the model and adjusting the headway and potential travel time, we can perform simulation and analysis of rear-end collisions. The result shows that this method is feasible to analyse the influence of RLCs on rear-end collisions. The analysis indicates that RLCs can cause higher speeds for vehicles passing the RLC intersection and more abnormal driving behaviors, which increase the difficulty of stop-and-go decision-making. RLCs do not always lead to an increase of rear-end collisions. For vehicles close to or far from intersection at the decision-making time, RLCs will significantly reduce the possibility of rear-end collisions; however, for vehicles in the potential travel time of 2 s∼3 s, RLCs will increase the probability of rear-end collisions.

This paper is mainly focused on identifying the socio economic and institutional factors influencing agroforestry adoption in Southern Province. Field survey was conducted during July to September, 2019 using structured questionnaire. This study was carried out in four districts in southern province of Rwanda. The number of respondents involved in the study was 650 farmers. A descriptive survey design was used in this study. For the selection of the sample, the study adopted a stratified random sampling technique and simple random technique. Binary logit regression model has been used to determine the factors affecting farmers adopting agroforestry. Finally, Binary regression analysis showed no significant association between the adoption of agroforestry practices and respondent’s age, gender, marital status, farming experience or income range of the respondents. On the other hand, there is a positive significant association between the adoption of agroforestry practices and household size is 0.00 p-value as well as the farm size of the respondents. It is expected that farmers with larger household size are more likely to adopt agroforestry practices than farmers with smaller household size and also shows that most of the farmers who were more likely to adopt agroforestry had a bigger land acreage for planting more trees.

espanolHoy en dia es necesario analizar las condiciones de salud y de vida con el llamado enfoque de los Determinantessociales y economicos como variables relevantes para determinar el comportamiento de la condicion fisica saludable de losescolares. El objetivo fue estimar el mejor modelo predictivo de los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud y de la condicionfisica saludable de los escolares colombianos. El presente fue un estudio socio deportivo, mediante un analisis estadisticodescriptivo cuantitativo. Participaron 3458 escolares de 10 a 18 anos de 10 ciudades de Colombia. Se aplico una encuestapara establecer los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud y se evaluo objetivamente la condicion fisica saludable a traves de labateria ALPHA FITNESS en version extendida. Como resultados se obtuvieron los siguientes: los hombres de 15 anos enun mayor porcentaje tienen una condicion fisica saludable, la edad, mantenerse activo, habitos no saludables actividadesde ocio e indice de masa corporal y nivel socioeconomico, convivencia y nivel educativo mostraron asociacionestadisticamente significativa con la condicion fisica saludable. Se concluye que el indice de masa corporal (IMC), lapermanencia del padre, el numero de comidas diarias, ser beneficiario de un restaurante escolar, el numero de horas queduerme por la noche, son los determinantes sociales de la salud que se asocian a la variable condicion fisica saludable, a suvez, el modelo logit binario tiene una buena capacidad predictiva (70,1%). EnglishToday it is necessary to analyze health and living conditions with the so-called Social and Economic Determinantsapproach as relevant variables to determine the healthy physical condition behavior of school children. The objective wasto estimate the best predictive model of the Social Determinants of Health and of the healthy physical condition ofColombian school children. The present was a socio-sport study, through a quantitative descriptive statistical analysis. Atotal of 3458 school children aged 10 to 18 from 10 cities in Colombia participated. A survey was applied to establish theSocial Determinants of Health and the healthy physical condition was objectively evaluated through the extended versionof the ALPHA FITNESS battery. As results, the following were obtained: a higher percentage of 15-year-old men had ahealthy physical condition, age, being active, unhealthy habits, leisure activities and body mass index, and socioeconomiclevel, coexistence and educational level showed a statistically significant association with healthy physical condition. It isconcluded that the body mass index (BMI), the permanence of the father, the number of daily meals, being a beneficiary ofa school restaurant, the number of hours that he sleeps at night, are the social determinants of health that are associated withthe healthy physical condition variable, in turn, the binary logit model has a good predictive capacity (70.1%).Key words: Public Health, Motor Activity, Social Determinants of Health.

Pedestrian foot overbridges are sparsely used compared to the at-grade crosswalks in Indian cities. At the signalised intersections, in the presence of at-grade crosswalk, the usage rate of foot overbridge is even less despite the additional pedestrian waiting time. The uneven utilization of the crossing facilities affects the safety and mobility of pedestrians. The objective of this study is to analyse the behaviour of pedestrians and their choices between an at-grade signalised crosswalk and a coexisting foot overbridge (which is quite common in Indian cities) for crossing the street. The actual crossing choice behaviour of 1134 pedestrians was observed from a video survey in Mumbai city, India. The usage rate of foot overbridge in the sample was 26% only. Binary logit model was estimated to find the significant variables influencing the pedestrian choice of crossing facility. The results showed that pedestrian’s total crossing time ratio (ratio of crossing time by foot overbridge to total crossing time by at-grade crossing which includes additional waiting time at signal) affects the choice of crossing facilities significantly. The probability of selecting foot overbridge increases by about 60% as the pedestrian’s total crossing time ratio reduces from 1.5 to 0.5, For more than 50% of pedestrians to use foot overbridge, the total crossing time ratio should be within 0.75. It was also inferred that choices of women and older pedestrians are influenced primarily by convenience to cross, whereas the choices of pedestrians accompanied by children are driven by the safety benefits of the crossing facility. Another important finding from the study was that pedestrians’ crossing behaviour depends on the level of risk they take while crossing (in terms of signal violation). The conclusions from this study may be helpful in strengthening the policy measures in the direction of the design of safe and efficient pedestrian crossing facilities.

Rapid transit (RT) systems are becoming increasingly attractive in the developing world as they improve transportation and mobility conditions in urban areas, reduce motorization impacts and offer high quality, yet cost effective services to travelers. Light rail transit (LRT) and bus rapid transit (BRT) are RT systems that combine high capacity with relatively low investment costs, and as such, they are preferred in developing countries over regular metro systems. This paper investigates traveler preferences over alternative, planned rapid transit options for the city of Multan, Pakistan. The analysis is based on a household information survey with over 2300 questionnaires completed via personal interviews. Intention to pay for improved PT services and choice between LRT and BRT systems are investigated, using appropriate econometric models. Findings of this study can assist in better understanding the factors and their effect on choice between BRT and LRT in developing countries. Results show that potential travelers, who prefer LRT are willing to pay more for better public transport services. On the other hand, commuters and elders express a taste towards BRT implementation. Based on model outputs policy makers can develop targeted marketing policies in order to promote BRT/LRT implementation and attract candidate travelers from different groups, improving the possibility that users would support a BRT or LRT project.

This paper investigates the C-logit stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) problem on a bimodal transportation network with road and rail travel modes. The C-logit model captures the overlapping effect among the different paths via commonality factors; sequentially, it has ability to obtain a more realistic traffic flow distribution pattern. In this paper, when we redefine the link travel cost functions and employ a binary Logit model for the mode split, the bimodal C-logit SUE model can be simplified into an unconstrained nonlinear mathematical programming formulation. Such model is verified to satisfy the bimodal C-logit SUE conditions at its stationary point and can be solved by existing algorithms. So, the simplified model can be convenient to be used on the general bimodal transportation network.

Aim:This research aims to study the socio-economic, psychological, and environmental factors which affect the decision making of passengers with regard to the use of public transportation route from Nong Khai province, which is considered as the border area of Thailand and Laos, to many destinations.Methods:The study was initially carried out by collecting data from 450 passengers using two public transportation services and 200 passengers using private cars. An analysis was conducted by means of descriptive statistics, factor analysis and binary logistic regression.Results:The results showed that the status, age, domicile, self-satisfaction and accomplishment, safety of life and property, and self-consciousness and environmental conservation practice influenced the choice of both the alternatives.Conclusion:To develop a service model, a variety of bus and van services must be provided to match the varied demand of passengers with different levels of purchasing power. It is also important to consider the impact of various factors that affect the public bus service selection, which may result in improved public transport systems. As a consequence, the well-being of border area citizens can be improved.

There is a steady increase in smartphone apps available to improve farmers’ decision making with respect to crop protection. While current studies have focused on smartphone adoption in general and farmers’ general willingness to pay for crop protection smartphone apps in particular, none have focused on the initial adoption decision. Furthermore, it has not been studied yet which app functions are perceived as useful and which are actually used by farmers. Based on an online survey conducted in 2019 with 207 German farmers, this study investigated latent factors affecting farmers’ adoption decision for crop protection smartphone apps based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework applying partial least squares equation modelling and a binary logit model. Descriptive results show that 95% of the surveyed farmers use a smartphone, but only 71% use a crop protection smartphone app. Apps providing information about weather, pest scouting and infestations forecasts are perceived as most useful by the majority of farmers. However, reported use fell short of reported usefulness. With respect to the model for the UTAUT, 73% of the variation in the behavioral intention to use a crop protection smartphone app is explained by the model. The results are of interest for policy makers in the field of digitization in agriculture as well as providers and developers of crop protection smartphone apps since the results could be used for further development of apps and policies regarding digitization.

In this study, we investigate what explains the decision by Swedish planners to include an investment in the draft for the Swedish national transport plan 2018–2029 using binary logit models and interviews. Where previous studies have focused on the impact of cost benefit analyses, we broaden the analysis to include other parts of the Swedish appraisal framework, including the distributional and goal fulfilment analyses. We find that even though many aspects of the investments are appraised, few seem to explain investment decisions. The only parts of the appraisal that we find influence investment decisions are the cost benefit-results, the negative non-valuated environmental effects and the assessment of the total socio-economic impact. We find that the distributional analysis, the goal fulfilment analysis or other features of the investments such as if it is a road or a railway hold no explanatory power. The results of the study raise questions about the role of the appraisal procedure and the impact assessments in the planning process. Interviews with planners reveal a number of issues that help explain the limited role of the distributional analysis and the goal-fulfilment analysis, including concerns with the way the distributional analysis and the goal fulfilment analysis are designed. The lack of nuance, as well as the lack of consensus on how to perform the analyses, are put forward as known issues. Furthermore, given the large resources committed to conducting investment appraisals, the paper concludes that the development of infrastructure appraisal frameworks should be based on careful reflection and analysis of the effectiveness of different parts of the appraisal process.

Financial loss due to road traffic accidents is very huge in India; yet, remarkable studies were not done to quantify the loss. In this study, an effort is made through a Stated Preference (SP) sur...

Motorcycle crashes make up a large proportion of road casualties in all over the world, particularly in developing countries like India, where motorcycle ownership is high. Wearing helmet decreases the risk and severity of injuries. To increase helmet usage, government has introduced a mandatory helmet usage law for two-wheeler driver and pillion riders in Mumbai, India from April 2016 onwards. Thus, the study objectives are to examine the various factors affecting helmet usage behavior and develop the model for estimating helmet usage behavior of motorcycle rider’s in cities. The data were collected in two different time frames, such as before and after helmet mandatory law at randomly selected ten study locations in Mumbai, India. From field survey, 28,209 and 37,245 samples were collected during 2015 and 2016 respectively. This study was performed the statistical analysis of the impact of the state strict law on helmet usage and it was found that helmet usage was increased from 62.81% to 83.53%. Further, Pearson’s R, Kendall’s tau, Spearman’s rho correlation and analysis of variance tests were conducted for identifying the impact of each variable with helmet wearing behavior of motorcyclists. Finally, binary logistic regression model was developed to estimate helmet usage behavior of the motorcycle rider. The model was validated, and their statistical performance results denote that developed model predicts helmet usage behavior more preciously. These study findings and model outcomes can be useful for policy makers to understand about the actual conditions of helmet usage behavior in cities and increase helmet usage rate, and also create policy level decision making on reduction in traffic crashes in India.

Labor force development is one of the strategic solutions in the process of shifting the agricultural and rural economy to commodity production in accordance with economic restructuring. The article aims at discussing the trend of economic restructuring in Ha Tinh province in recent years, surveying vocational training needs of rural workers and vocational training results in Ha Tinh province in the context of economic restructuring. The research utilizes a binary logit model for primary data collected in a sample of 334 working-age people in Ha Tinh province to examine the vocational training needs of rural laborers in Ha Tinh. It is found that economic restructuring and state policies have a significant effect on the vocational training needs of rural workers. In addition, the change in vocational training pattern is relatively in line with the change in economic restructuring. The study also gives some recommendations for rural vocational training policy in Ha Tinh province.

The research was conducted to evaluate the choice of management practices for poultry wastes in Delta State. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain data from 133 respondents. A well structured questionnaire was used for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis and binary logit. Results showed that 70.9% were male with an average age of 44 years. About 73.0% were married with 99.0% acquiring formal education. The mean household size was 5 persons with mean farming experience of 6 years. Burying and burning were the primary waste management practices employed. The binary logit result indicates that age (p

The study of urban shared bike travel characteristics is the premise of sustainable development of shared bike. In this paper, using the form of a questionnaire, the citizens of Fucheng District of Mianyang City were investigated and obtained 98 Valid data. Analysis of travel characteristics is based on survey data, and studies the factors affecting the use of shared bicycles, combined with the establishment of travel behavior theory Logit model, with the aid of SPSS Calculate with software. The results showed that women were more likely to choose shared bike trips than men; those who chose shared bikes tended to be younger; those who shared bikes were more favored by students and office workers; those with higher education levels were more likely to choose shared bike trips; and those with higher education levels were the most significantly affected.

Increasing private car ownership and car dependency has led to a low share of walking as an active mode as well as congestion, air pollution, and health problems in developing countries. This paper aims to identify and compare the impacts of a selection of socio-economic, travel-related, and built environment variables on walking likelihood and respondents’ sensitivity to the walking distance, both for discretionary and mandatory trips. The analysis drew its origin from 14,463 responses acquired through an extensive travel survey conducted in the city of Qazvin, Iran. The estimated binary logit coefficients show people’s heterogeneity in the walking behavior for discretionary and mandatory trips. The results report a higher likelihood of walking on mandatory trips at almost all distances than the discretionary ones. Furthermore, investigating individual heterogeneity in different trip distances reveals that people aged less than 14 are more likely to choose walking on mandatory trips longer than 2400 m. Besides, those aged 25–44 years old or above 65 have less tendency to choose walking on mandatory trips with distances of 2000–2400 m and 800–1200 m, respectively. These findings are almost different on discretionary trips; compared to other age groups, people aged 15–24 years are less likely to choose walking on discretionary trips with a distance of 800–1200 m. Moreover, in trip distances of 1200–1600 m, the elderlies have a greater tendency to choose walking compared to other age groups. Some implications for more sustainable mobility in human-oriented urban environments are also presented and critically discussed.

ABAC Journal, 42, 1, 222-236

In this paper gap acceptance model and aggressive clearing model are developed for two uncontrolled 4-legged intersections in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Gap duration, type of major and minor road vehicles, speed of major road vehicle and clearing time are the parameters considered in this study which particularly reflects the driver’s clearing behaviour. This analysis showed that the probability of accepting a gap increases with increase in gap/lag value and decreases with increase in clearing time. It also decreases with increase in size of major road vehicle but increases with increase in size of minor road vehicle The level of aggressiveness of right turning vehicles increases with decrease in gap/lag and speed of major road vehicles, and it decreases with decrease in clearing time and size of minor road vehicles. Thus, in order to improve safety at uncontrolled intersections, measures such as minimization of side friction, installation of speed breakers on minor roads etc., should be followed which leads to faster movement of major road vehicles and thus lower the aggressiveness of drivers and increases safety.

Several studies have focused on understanding travelers’ attitudes and characteristics toward using carpooling services. However, few of these studies have focused the driver’s behavior and carpooling services that are organized to feed public transport. This research investigates the willingness of drivers to accept a carpooling ride, as part of their trip, to/from public transport stations (i.e., rail, tram and metro). Data from the EU project Ride2Rail are used, for which a survey (n = 327) was conducted in EU27 and the UK. Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests are used to explore the relationships between drivers/non-drivers and explanatory variables. A binary logit model is developed to estimate the likelihood of carpooling as a driver to/from a public transport station. The results show that delay, convenience, residence location, security and the number of passengers influence the drivers’ decision toward using their private vehicle in carpooling services. Findings provide concrete recommendations for carpooling drivers regarding the planning of a successful carpooling service. The recommendations to “recruit” the drivers become significant, as the concept of carpooling cannot be realized without them.

While China has decreasing female labor participation and increasing marital instability, compared to the rest of the world, its female labor participation rate is higher on average. The effect of female labor force status on couples' marital satisfaction, as one of the main factors for evaluating marital quality, has been separately discussed, including extensive margins considering whether women are in the labor market and intensive margins on women working hours per week. This study analyzed data from the 2014 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) using a binary logit model and a stability test. Results showed that the work hours, rather than the occupational status, of women affect marital satisfaction. In addition, regardless of the gender role attitudes held by the couple, marital satisfaction increases when women are in the labor market. This study has retroactively reviewed the effects of women working outside the home on marital quality. The dual roles of Chinese women, as both employee and homemaker, have been socially accepted. However, the requirements of maintaining multiple roles often contradict and present conflicts among the roles, time, and pressure, in the long run, giving rise to marital dissatisfaction.

Women are the main cotton pickers in Pakistan even from their childhood, but due to unawareness of pesticide risks and poor knowledge of personal protection opportunities, they typically do not use personal protective measures. Albeit a major agricultural topic in Pakistan, relevant research is limited. The present study illustrates health problems from pesticide exposure during cotton harvest and the use of personal protective measures among 260 female cotton-picking workers from Shaheed Benazirabad District of Sindh Province in southern Pakistan. Skin injury, eye injury, headache, stomachache, and fever were the main health problems due to pesticide exposure according to workers' experience. Medical treatment costs of health problems were more than double (2.48 times higher) than preventive measures costs. More than half of the cotton workers surveyed did not use any protective measure during cotton picking, while 22.3% used a muffler/scarf/cloth for covering their face and 10.8% used gloves. Covering face with muffler/scarf/cloth was higher in young (P

In order to explore the determinants of air-rail integration service in China, this paper employed a comparative analysis based on historical data and stated preferences. According to the results of a partial least-squares regression model and a binary logit model, the numbers of destination cities and flights are the most important factor influencing the use of the ARIS at Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport. The impact of other factors is small. Consequently, policymakers have to find rational target markets to promote air-rail integration service at regional airports to attract passengers from overloaded hub airports. Although the impact of other determinants is rather small, considering the large number of passengers at hub airports, a small increase in the market share of air-rail integration service implies considerable increment in the number of air-rail integration service passengers.

This study aims to analyze the determinant of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) on carrying out a credit loan. Primary data has been used in the analysis. The population in this study were all MSMEs in Jambi Province. Samples were taken by purposive random sampling. Total sample are 276 consisting of 163 MSMEs actors who took credit and 113 MSMEs actors who did not take credits. To analyze the factors that influence the taking of credits, a binary logit model is used. The dependent variable is the taking of credits, while the independent variables are household characteristics and individual characteristics of MSMEs actors. The results showed that the factors significantly affected the MSMEs on taking credit were the side job variables, working hours, working partners, gender, education, long established business, household expenses and account ownership.

Purpose Securing a job in an industry is a boon for most of the slum dwellers. When the primary earner of a slum household suffers from occupational illness and injuries, without insurance coverage or partial coverage of insurance, this boon may become a curse in the long run. The occupational security and safety along with the fact that whether such workers are insured is an important aspect and has a close link with the expenditure on illness. Thus, the accessibility to employees’ insurance in the risky industrial occupation, particularly for slum dwellers, is crucial to protect them from falling into poverty. Studies on occupational health of the poor workers are either limited to informal sectors or remain industry specific and the analysis of their accessibility to job insurance is rarely done. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The research questions are framed to analyze the types of insurance accessible to workers across various industries; the accessibility to insurance, however, varying across risk intensities of various industries; and the determinants of insurance accessibility of the industrial workers living in slums. The determinants of accessibility of job insurance are analyzed with a binary Logit model. A multi-stage random sampling technique is used to collect the primary data from 320 industrial workers living in the slums of the Indian state of West Bengal. Findings The industrial workers, irrespective of the types of industries, are exposed to a high-risk category without proper job insurance. The higher industrial income is not adequate to prevent financial hardships. Access to insurance is more likely for the respondents with job tenure of more than two years and less likely for the workers who are working for more than eight hours per day. Social implications This study provides a significant insight to the policymakers concerning health dynamics of the slum dwellers, which can improve their livelihood. Originality/value The analysis of the industry-specific risk intensities with accessibility to insurance contributes to understanding the coverage of the insurance scheme for the workers in slums.

The major cities of China have experienced massive growth in the number and usage of dockless shared bicycle systems, such as Mobike and Ofo, which have replaced the traditional docked bicycle systems that are heavily regulated by local governments. However, docked bicycle systems are still in operation, especially in small and medium-sized cities that have docked shared bicycle systems run by the local government. This study aims to reveal the user choice behaviours for these two shared bicycle systems from the perspective of user experience and to find win-win strategies for the two systems, based on a case study of the Shunde district in Foshan city. The structural equation model and binary logit model are employed to identify the impact factors of the choice behaviours. It is found that user experience plays a key role in the use intention for two kinds of bicycles, including factors such as convenience, riding experience, and level of service. Age is the most important indicator distinguishing the user groups, as older people prefer docked bicycles while younger people prefer dockless ones. Docked and dockless shared bicycle systems operate together harmoniously in Shunde as they satisfy the demands of different user groups with little overlap. It is suggested that a new shared bicycle system, which combines the advantages of both docked and dockless shared bicycles, would be a better solution for small and mid-size cities.

Background Sustainable land management is considered as one of the useful approaches to combat the threat of various forms of land degradation in Ethiopia. Despite this, there is scant information regarding households’ decision towards the implementation of sustainable land management practices. This paper, therefore, looks into the determinants for the continued use and choice of the sustainable land management practices by smallholder farmers and its productivity effect in three randomly chosen districts in Tigrai region, Ethiopia. The study uses data from household survey and key informant interviews. The paper employs a binary logit to analyze the determinants for the decision of continued use of sustainable land management practices, and a multivariate probit to analyze the simultaneous adoption decision of sustainable land management practices using cross sectional data collected from 230 randomly selected households. The impact of sustainable land management practices was also evaluated using propensity score matching. Results Farming techniques, wealth status, agro-ecological variations, and plot level characteristics were found to be associated with the implementation decision of sustainable land management practices by rural households. Besides, institutional supports and access to basic infrastructures influenced the overall continued use of sustainable land management practices and the preference of households toward these practices. The study also finds that the value of crop production of sustainable land management users was on average 77–100% higher than that of non-users. Conclusions The results of the current study confirm that the implementation of various sustainable land management practices are influenced by farming technologies deployed by rural households, agro-ecological variations, plot characteristics, and institutional supports. The findings also affirm that most of the sustainable land management practices are complementary to one another, and implementing two or more sustainable land management practices on a given plot is highly associated with higher value of crop production. Such complementarity highlights that the productivity effect of a given sustainable land management practice is enhanced by the use of the other ones.

The objective of this study is to understand the different behavioral considerations that govern the choice of people to engage in a crowd-shipping market. A binary logit model and an ordinary least-square regression model have been developed. Those models are integrated by a selectivity-bias term. The results suggest that socio-demographic characteristics, freight transportation experience, and social media usage significantly influence respondents’ decisions to participate in the crowd-shipping market. The selectivity is found available in the dataset and has strong heterogeneity. Moreover, the crowd-shippers’ expect to-be-paid rate is found concurrent with value-of-time literature. Findings from this research are valuable to crowd-shipping companies recruiting employees and developing business strategies.

The paper studies the factors that contribute to understand children's independent travel – i.e. not being escorted by an adult – to and from primary school in Germany. Binary logit regression is employed, and the data used are taken from a survey among parents of children in seven schools in a medium-sized suburban town. This is the first paper from Germany that simultaneously looks at the full range of dimensions that may help understand children's independent travel: (1) trip characteristics, (2) child characteristics, (3) the household context, (4) subjective concerns, attitudes and perceptions, (5) the transport environment, (6) the built environment and (7) the social environment. In contrast to the majority of studies in the field, an attempt was made to capture a holistic picture of the transport and land-use environment along the route, while at the same time some key attributes of the route were used as separate variables. Perhaps the most notable contribution to research is the distinct differences that we found between outward and return trips. While the morning trip was characterised by distinct impacts of the built and transport environment, most variables turned out insignificant in the afternoon model. Conversely, more attitudinal dimensions turned out significant in the return trip. Some of our findings are clearly relevant for policy. For instance, traffic calming is associated with higher levels of independent travel, while routes characterised by industry and trade, high-speed roads, and zebra-crossings that need to be crossed are associated with lower levels of independent travel. The effects of perceptions and attitudes we find can be taken as starting points for soft policies such as awareness campaigns or traffic education.

This study analyzed rural households’ food security and its determinants in western Ethiopia. The study used a primary data collected from 276 randomly selected households using interview schedule. In addition, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informants interview were also used to obtain a qualitative primary data. As to the method of data analysis, the study employed descriptive statistics (such as mean, frequency, range and percentage) and binary logit model (BLM). The finding of the study revealed that, in the study area, 59.06% of the sampled households were food insecure and 40.94% of them were food secure. Besides, the study indicated that 86.87% of the households were vulnerable to different shocks, risks, and seasonality’s and 41.67% of the households faced shortage of food. Moreover, the finding indicated that only 31.88% of the households were food self-sufficient from own production. Low productivity, climate related problems and inadequacy of cultivable land were identified as the top three main causes of food shortage and/or food self-insufficiency from own production. The estimated BLM pointed out that sex, age, access to irrigation, off-farm and non-farm income, input cost, access to credit and distance to market were significant in determining household’s food security status. Therefore, policies and actions directed towards improving households’ food security and reducing their vulnerability should focus on the aforementioned factors.

This study focused on Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) adoption by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Kogi State. The study determined the constraints against the adoption of ICT by SMEs in Kogi State. This study used survey research design. The population of the study comprised of 2027 SMEs. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to choose the required sample size of 323. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logit Regression were used for analysis. Findings show that excessive reliance on foreign technology, unreliability of e-commerce systems, high costs of ICT equipment, insecurity and legal and regulatory issues has significant influence on the adoption of ICT by SMEs in Kogi State. The study concluded that despite the benefits of ICT, some constraints detract its adoption by SME owners in Kogi State. The study recommended that SME owners should have positive perception of the usefulness of ICT, find alternative way of using ICT, source for adequate fund and acquire better ICT knowledge to have better chance of ICT adoption in Kogi State.

This study analyzed the determinants of rural households’ food security in the Kallu district of the Amhara region, Northern Ethiopia. The study used primary data collected from 395 randomly selected rural households. The study employed descriptive statistics and a binary logit model to estimate the status and determinants of smallholders’ food security, respectively. Of the total sample households, 47.30% are food insecure. The binary logit model results showed that sex and education level of the household head, livestock ownership, credit access, and technology adoption have positive and significant effects on food security, while age and market distance are negatively associated with the probability to be food secure. The results suggest that improving access to marketing and financial services will contribute to improving the food security status of smallholders.

This study is the first to empirically investigate whether farmers’ assessment of their cooperatives’ environmental efforts is related to their satisfaction with the cooperatives, in addition to their assessment of the cooperatives in economic and social terms. A survey was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 211 members of 63 farmer cooperatives in Fujian Province, China. Binary logit analyses were conducted to test three theoretically derived hypotheses. There was a positive relationship between member satisfaction with the cooperatives and farmers’ assessment of the cooperatives’ environmental actions, although the cooperatives’ economic and social contributions were even more appreciated. Consequently, at least under the prevailing circumstances, member satisfaction with their cooperatives is positively associated with the farmers’ view of the environmental ambitions of their cooperatives.

Driver distraction is a major problem nowadays, contributing to many deaths, injuries, and economic losses. Despite the effort that has been made to minimize these impacts, considering the technological evolution, distraction at the wheel has tended to increase. Not only tech-related tasks but every task that captures a driver’s attention has impacts on road safety. Moreover, driver behavior and characteristics are known to be heterogeneous, leading to a distinct driving performance, which is a challenge in the road safety perspective. This study aimed to capture the effects of drivers’ personal aspects and habits on their distraction behavior. Following a within-subjects approach, a convenience sample of 50 drivers was exposed to three unexpected events reproduced in a driving simulator. Drivers’ reactions were evaluated through three distinct models: a Lognormal Model to make analyze the visual distraction, a Binary Logit Model to explore the adopted type of reaction, and a Parametric Survival Model to study the reaction times. The research outcomes revealed that drivers’ behavior and perceived workload were distinct when they were engaged in specific secondary tasks and for distinct drivers’ personal attributes and habits. Age and type of distraction showed statistical significance regarding the visual behavior. Moreover, reaction times were consistently related to gender, BMI, sleep patterns, speed, habits while driving, and type of distraction. The habit of engaging in secondary tasks while driving resulted in a cumulative better performance.