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The effect of photoperiod on the growth, protein, lipid and pigment content in Scenedesmus acutus was examined on cultures exposed to 23 ± 1 °C for ten days at the light intensity of 55 µmol photon m-2s-1. Results showed that photoperiods had an effect on cell number, and protein and chlorophyll content. The growth, protein, lipid and chlorophyll levels in Scenedesmus acutus cultures reached maximum in different days and photoperiods. The number of cells of the continuously illuminated cultures was highest on day seven after inoculation. The total protein and total lipid content were highest on day eight under the light/dark photoperiod of 20/4 h while total chlorophyll content was highest on day ten under the light/dark photoperiod of 24:0 h. The cultures continuously illuminated for cell growth had the highest specific growth rate (µ=0.2304). Protein content had a specific growth rate of µ=0.0725 under the light/dark photoperiod of 20/4 h while total chlorophyll content had a specific growth rate of µ=0.0890 under the light/dark photoperiod of 12:12-h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sand steenbras (Lithognathus mormyrus L., 1758) are generally distributed in the Mediterranean Sea, and it is not yet commercially crucial for the Black Sea fisheries. Although L. mormyrus are caught by fishermen with increasing amounts in recent years, there is a lack of information on the subject of biological features of the Black Sea species. In this study, length-weight distribution, morphologic and meristic features, age, sex distribution (according to histological examination), and genetic characteristics of L. mormyrus in the Black Sea were examined. Besides, the genetic analysis showed a significant level of genetic differentiation between three populations (Black Sea, Mediterranean and Aegean Sea) and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effect of oil consumption on exports, imports and growth in OECD countries for the period of 1996-2018 was investigated by using panel data analysis. Three different models were established in the research. Growth in the first model, exports in the second model and import-dependent series in the third model. Independent series used in all models are crude oil consumption, savings and exchange rates. In the empirical findings obtained, it is observed that oil consumption and savings have a positive effect on growth in the first model. The exchange rate has a negative coefficient, but it has no statistically significant effect. In the results obtained for the second model, it is stated that oil consumption and saving have a positive effect on exports. In this model, although the exchange rate has a positive coefficient, it does not have a statistically significant effect on exports. In the third model, it is concluded that oil consumption, savings and exchange rate have a positive effect on imports in a statistically significant way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defence expenditures are one of the symbols in the field of economic and political power of countries in international platform. Due to global military concerns, the role of defense expenditures, one of the important parameters of the security of countries, is increasing, and this situation may create effects on growth. This matter gains importance for Turkey due to its geo-political location. In this study, the validity of Benoit Hypothesis is investigated for the period of 1980-2017 of Turkey. In this context, the relation between variables was examined by means of unit-root, ARDL cointegration and causality tests. According to the results obtained from the analyses a negative relation was determined between defense expenditures and long-run growth rate in the long-run. Besides, according to Toda-Yamamoto causality results, there existed a bi-directional causal relationship between the two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period from the existence of mankind to the present, the energy sources used differ depending on the changing life conditions. Especially with the Industrial Revolution, the increase in production and consumption, and the fact that growth has become an important target for economies, has led to more use of energy resources in the production process and, accordingly, the association of energy consumption with growth. This situation has increased the studies developed on the subject, and in the literature, the relationship between energy consumption and growth has been handled from the perspective of electrical energy due to some usage advantages. The fact that electricity consumption has a wide use in the production process and contributes significantly to the growth process both alone and as a complement to labor and capital factors. The relationship electricity consumption - growth is especially important in terms of energy policies to be created. This study was performed for Turkey, with the using of data from 1990 - 2018 period, the relationship sectoral electricity consumption - growth were examined by the ARDL Bounds Test and Toda-Yamamoto causality test. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the effect of electricity consumption in the household and illumination sectors on growth is positive and the effect of electricity consumption in the industry sector is negative. The causality test results conducted to determine the direction of the relationship, it has been observed that there is a one-way causality relationship from growth to electricity consumption of households and government agencies and from electricity consumption of industry and illumination sectors to growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the food security of sorghum in Nigeria using annual time series data that ranged from 1961 to 2018. The data were sourced from the FAO database and the collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical findings showed sorghum to be an orphan crop as the production growth performance throughout the regime shift was poor given that area expansion rather than productivity was the major factor that influenced an increase in the production of sorghum. In addition, an increase in area was the major factor responsible for the change in average production within and between the regime shifts. It was observed that fluctuation in the average production between the regime shifts was caused by area risk and uncertainty viz. weather vagaries. It was established that the acreage allocation decision of the farmers was governed by both institutional and non-institutional factors. Furthermore, the future food security of sorghum production is not promising as the production will be marked by a gentle rise owing to the gentle rise in area as productivity will be marked by a marginal increase in trend. Therefore, the food insecurity of sorghum is another timing-bomb which the country will contain with given its versatile purposes. Thus, the policymakers need to take urgent steps to avert impending importation which will affect the country's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the monetary base growth rate in Turkey is questioning whether a relationship between economic growth. In the study, "Wide money supply (M3)" and "Growth" variables for the period 1969-2017 were subjected to an empirical analysis. ARDL test was applied to investigate the presence of co-integration between the "Growth" series and the "Large Money Supply (M3)" series. Results show that there is a co-integration (long-term) relationship between "monetary base growth" and "economic growth" in Turkey. Then, with the ARDL model, it is seen that financial development has a long-term enhancing effect on growth. As a result of the Granger causality test with the Toda Yamamoto approach applied to determine the causality relationship between the series, it was observed that there was no causality between the two series. Referring to Turkey's economy is that there is a significant impact on the growth of the money supply. Because an advanced financial system is needed in order to target sustainable growth requirements. For this reason, economic growth should be supported by developing the right policies without ignoring the money supply or the monetary base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Researches & Studies / Finansal Araştirmalar ve Çalişmalar Dergisi is the property of Marmara University, School of Banking & Insurance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effect of exports on growth on an annual basis for the period 2007-2018 in 99 developing countries was investigated by panel data analysis. GDP per dollar (GDP1) in 2010 prices representing growth, and GDP per Capita (GDP2) on dollar basis 2010 prices were used as the second growth variable representing growth. In addition, the Gross Value of Capital (GFC) on a dollar basis in 2010 prices representing the investment, and the total value of exports of goods and services (EXP) on a dollar basis in 2010 prices are used to represent exports. Four different models were established in the study. In the first and second models, GDP 1 variable; in the second and third models, GDP2 variable is dependent variables. In the findings obtained from the four models established, it was determined that exports affect growth positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EUL Journal of Social Sciences / LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of EUL Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study; To examine the impact of econometric capital flows and external debt growth of Turkey for the period 1986- 2018. One of the most important problems of the developing countries like Turkey is the lack of the resources needed to grow domestic savings and capital accumulation. Employment becomes an important problem, especially if sufficient resources are not available to ensure development and growth. Therefore, developing countries have to grow at certain rates. The resources required for development can be solved by borrowing foreign debt, attracting foreign direct investments to the country and foreign portfolio investments. As investment expenditures are made to increase production, the level of employment increases, capital accumulation expands and consequently national income increases. External debt is also seen as an important source for developing countries. However, the important point here is the level of foreign debt and the purpose of this debt. Because, excessive external borrowing affects growth negatively. In the analyzes, the stationarity of the variables was first analyzed with the unit root test Lee-Strazicich (2003). Afterwards, Maki (2012) analyzed whether there is a long-run relationship between capital movements and external debt and growth. Finally, Stock and Watson (1993) estimated the long-term coefficients with DOLS. According to the analysis findings, it was determined that capital movements, external debt and growth, act together in the long term. According to the long-term coefficient estimator results, it was found that direct investments positively affect economic growth, portfolio investments negatively affect economic growth. On the other hand, the effect of foreign debts on economic growth up to the threshold value (52%) was positively affected, however, if this threshold was exceeded, it was found to affect growth negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences is the property of Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business Studies is the property of Gumushane University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to analyze dynamic causal linkages among savings, financial development, and economic growth for Turkey's economy. To this end, I benefit from the causality tests for time series analysis for the period 1980:q1-2015:q4. On the one hand, the results from the standard Granger causality analysis shows bidirectional causal linkages between financial development and economic growth. The results from the Toda and Yamamoto causality test, on the other hand, provides an evidence for unidirectional causality from financial development to economic growth. The asymmetric causality analysis supports that there is a causality flow from financial development to economic growth and to savings and that savings causes to economic growth. This finding hence extends the literature on Turkey by providing a fresh evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For about 50 years İlhan Tekeli has been a paramount figure who has written many articles and books on higher education issues in Turkey. This study focuses on how Tekeli discusses Turkey's higher education history, problems and autonomy in higher education, evolution of higher education, growth and quality issues. Tekeli claims, in 1946 universities became autonomous and the autonomy constitutionalized with the 1961 Constitution, which gave universities a broader autonomy. But after the establishment of the Board of Higher Education (BHE) in 1981, universities lost their autonomy, and were put under the control of central administration with the increased pressure over the universities. Tekeli defined administrative autonomy as a key feature of the university. For Tekeli, extremely strong and exceptional powers of rectors bring about hardly impossible to mention the freedom of faculty members and a participatory administration. Tekeli stated that there is a need for a reform that will provide autonomy and make universities more democratic. Also, Tekeli emphasized that expansion of the higher education system cannot be assured by without giving priority to the training of qualified doctorate academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was planned to evaluate the growth-development and nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months. Methods: The study included 300 mother-infant pairs in Çekmeköy, Istanbul, between June and September 2014. Information on 300 babies and their families who participated in the study were taken by a questionnaire, one-day nutritional expenditures of the babies were recorded, and weight and height lengths were measured by nurses. The weight and height of infants were evaluated according to a Z score and growth curves for our country; energy and nutrient intake were evaluated with TUBER. Results: Of the infants, 45.3% were female, and their average age was 10.1±1.9 months. The weight and height of infants at birth were 3.2±0.4 kg, 49.8±2.4 cm and current weight and height were from 9.3±1.5 kg and 72.4±5.9 cm, respectively. Body weight, height and BMI ratios of infants with -1 and +1 SD Z scores at birth were 69.0%, 47.4%, 52.9% and current values were 59.1%, 44.9% and 42.4% respectively. The increase in body weight and BMI were found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). It was observed that mothers preferred yogurt (33.1%), pudding (15.7%), fruit puree (13.4%), baby biscuits (8.4%) and eggs (6.7%) as the first complementary foods. It was determined that yogurt was started at week 24.7±4.6; fruits and vegetables at 24.9±5.3; eggs at 26.6±6.1; meat and poultry at week 29.6±8.3.It was observed that infants received 970.6±274.3 kcal/day of energy and 27.8±12.0 g/day of protein. All energy and nutrients except iron were consumed well enough an even more. Discussion: The study showed that 6-12 month babies overconsume many nutrients including daily energy and BMIs were found to be higher when compared with their birth. Conclusions: It was considered beneficial to inform the mothers on the growth and development of their infants and especially on complementary nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was conducted to investigate the possibility of estimating wood density and growth performance of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) trees in the field by using portable Shigometer device. The field works were carried out at five experimental areas which were located near the boundaries of Isparta, Burdur and Antalya provinces, under official responsibility of Isparta and Antalya regional directorates of forestry. Consequently, it was not possible to make a selection for wood density among different stands using Shigometer data. The best performance determined correctly using our dataset but, we could not achieve to determine other populations’ performance in correct order at one of experimental sites. Although a publication in the literature suggests that it could be used in the selection of the best one in terms of radial growth performance among the trees of the same population, further work is required for full support of that argument. The data obtained in this study are measured from the defect-free trees and may use as reference values for following studies on Pinus brutia.

Peppermint is one of the valuable medicinal and aromatic plants with its powerful flavour and fragrance. Its leaf and essential oil are used in cosmeceuticals, foods, pharmaceutical and personal care products. It is well known that yield and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the medicinal and aromatic plants are strongly influenced by abiotic stresses. Salinity is also one of the most important stress factors affecting plants. This study was carried out to determine the effect of salt stress on growth, essential oil content and oil constituents in peppermint plants. For this aim, three different concentrations of sodium chloride NaCl (0, 100 and 150 mM) were applied to peppermint plants. As a result of the study it was determined that all of the investigated parameters were significantly affected by NaCl applications. Shoot length, fresh and dry weights of plants and essential oil content decreased in line with the elevating level of NaCl. Besides, NaCl also caused differences in essential oil composition. Menthol and menthone, the main components of the peppermint oil, reduced significantly when NaCl concentration rose to 150 mM. Based on the results, it may be concluded that NaCl especially at high concentrations considerably and negatively affected plant growth, essential oil content and quality of the essential oil.

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of OPUS - International Journal of Society Researches is the property of OPUS - International Journal of Society Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The level and structure of economic activity is closely related to the distribution of the population between rural and urban areas. The intensive population of rural areas in economies largely rely on agriculture tends to move towards urban areas during industrialization process. Considering the interaction between growth dynamics and demographic distribution, this study aims to determine the relationship between the share of urban population in total population (urbanization) and per capita gross domestic product (growth) for BRICS and Turkey. As a result of the analysis using panel data methodology, a one-way causality relationship from urbanization to growth has been reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this study; the construction sector in Turkey, which is thought to have an effect on the real effective exchange rate, interest rate of housing loan and economic growth are aimed to determined the relationships between variables. For this purpose Turkey the 2002Q1-2019Q2 quarter model generated using data from the same level of the variables (first difference) of the variable due to the stable detection of whether they are cointegrated with each other was investigated using johansen cointegration test, and according to test results; it is concluded that the share of the construction sector in GDP is a cointegration relationship between real effective exchange rate, interest rate of housing loan and economic growth variables. Then the direction of the relationship between the variables in the model was determined by the block exogenetiy wald granger test. That the construction sector is the granger cause of both economic growth and housing loan interest rates; interest rates to exchange rates; a causality. Also, the examination of the construction sector's current status compared with historical data has been determined to be used as individual indicators. Finally, it has been determined that the policy rate cuts that the central bank of Turkey (24%, 19.75%, 14%) has gradually taken since the end of July 2019 has positive effects on the consruction sector which has contracted in 2018. Consequently salt than growth Turkey; that the sustainable and stable growth should take importance to other sectors as important to the construction sector to be based on the strong foundations in a positive position a model that focuses on a single center of growth can create a problem for the future of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To develop environmentally friendly control methods to replace synthetic chemicals which may be misused and cause problems to environment and human health is important for sustainable agriculture. In this study, efficacies of hydrosols of Origanum syriacum L. (Syrian oregano) and Origanum majorana L. (sweet marjoram), at the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 ml/petri, were tested on seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed), Portulaca oleracea L. (common purslane), Physalis angulata L. (cutleaf groundcherry), Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. (barnyard grass) and Solanum nigrum L. (black nightshade). As average, both plants' hydrosols at the lowest concentration (1%) inhibited germination of the all weeds, except S. nigrum, less than 50% The inhibition ratio was found more than 80% (except E. colonum and P. oleracea) at the highest concentration (%16) used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inflation targeting strategy is the most widely used monetary policy strategy in the world. In the implementation of this strategy, central banks have great responsibilities. The central bank uses its monetary policy instruments to reach the year-end inflation targets. Interest rates are one of the most widely used tools of this strategy. Changes in interest rates affect other macroeconomic indicators. In this study, the changes in the interest rates in Turkey's economy, the effects of exchange rate and the growth rate in 2006:01-2017:12 for the period; unit root test, co-integration, vector error correction model, Granger causality test results and VAR model equation analysis. According to VAR model equation result; causes 1% increase in interest rates, 0.32% in exchange rates, 0.49% in inflation and 0.27% in economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine / Spor Hekimleri Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Researches & Studies / Finansal Araştirmalar ve Çalişmalar Dergisi is the property of Marmara University, School of Banking & Insurance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of colectomy in children with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: The effects of colectomy on clinical and laboratory findings and the complications of the colectomy were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Colectomy was performed in 18 children; the mean age was 8,02±5,66 years old; 66,6% of the patients were the boys. In 16 children, the indication was a poor response to medical therapy; dysplasia in one patient and toxic megacolon and bleeding in another patient. Cyclosporine and/or infliximab were used in 13 patients as step-up or rescue therapies before colectomy. Ileoanal anastomosis was performed in 13 patients, ileal pouch and ileoanal anastomosis were performed in 2 patients, Hartmann pouch and subtotal colectomy with ileostomy were performed in 2 patients, and subtotal colectomy was performed in one patient. Although there was no statistical difference; Z-scores for the weight, the height, and the body mass index improved within one year, after colectomy. Hemoglobin level increased, and leukocytes, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate serum levels decreased within one year, after colectomy. The immunosuppressive drugs were discontinued after the colectomy in all, except two patients. The most common complications were fecal incontinence and frequent defecation. Conclusion: The most common indication for colectomy was a poor response to medical therapy. Colectomy improved clinical and laboratory findings by alleviating inflammation and restored growth and development of the children. It has reduced the use of immunosuppressive drugs which have significant side effects. The complications that have seen after surgery were tolerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism, which constitutes a significant part of the world's gross domestic product, accelerates the development of countries by increasing the national income. The tourism sector with its speacial characterics, such as being foreign exchange earner and employment creation, makes significant contributions to the economy of the country for the solutions of macroeconomic problems like foreign trade deficits, inflation and unemployment, and it supports the economic growth . In this study, the relationship between tourism revenues and economic growth in Turkey for 1970-2016 period is examined. In this context, cointegration and causality analysis have been carried out. As a result, a short-term causality relationship between tourism revenues and economic growth has not been found. However, a long-term relationship has been found among the variables and a causality relation has been determined from tourism revenues to economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sivil nüfusun ne kadarının çalışmak istediğini gösteren işgücüne katılım oranının yüksek olması, ekonominin üretim gücünü arttırarak, büyümesine ivme katmaktadır. Türkiye'de, Mart 2017 itibarıyla işgücüne katılım oranı kadınlarda % 32,9 iken, erkeklerde % 71,9'dur. Türkiye, kadınların işgücüne katılım oranı açısından 138 ülke içinde, 125. sırada yer almaktadır. Türkiye'de kamu eğitim harcamaları ile kadınların ve erkeklerin iş gücüne katılımları arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada 2006-2016 dönemine ilişkin aylık veriler, VAR modeli ile incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kamu eğitim harcamalarındaki artışın, kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek oranda işgücüne katılımlarını sağladığı, erkek işgücündeki değişimin de eğitim harcamaları üzerindeki etkisinin görece daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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