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Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la arena (A), el carbón activado (CA) y la zeolita (Z) como materiales filtrantes para valorar su efecto en reutilización para agricultura de aguas residuales tratadas de un ambiente árido. Para esto se construyeron 7 columnas de filtración: a) columna 1, 100 % de Z, b) columna 2, 100 % de CA (origen A), c) columna 3, 100 % de CA (origen B), d) columna 4, 100 % de A, e) columna 5, 50 % de Z sobre 50 % de CA, f) columna 6, 50 % de A sobre 50 % de CA, y g) columna 7, 50 % de Z sobre 50 % de A. En el afluente y efluente se evaluó boro (B), cloruro (Cl-), sulfato (SO4 -2), calcio (Ca+2), conductividad eléctrica (CE), pH y temperatura (T), junto a un grupo de metales pesados (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb y Zn). Los resultados mostraron cómo el CA (de origen A o B) es capaz de remover boro a valores por debajo de 0,75 mg/L. Sin embargo, en una etapa inicial (primera quincena) los efluentes a este medio filtrante, presentaron un valor de CE mayor a 2,5 dS/m, y de pH mayor a 8,4, lo que seguramente traerá problemas para su aplicación en riego de cultivos. Por su parte, la arena, al ser de la región, presenta problemas de lixiviación de elementos, como el arsénico y el sodio, por lo que no debería utilizarse como material filtrante. Por el contrario, el único medio evaluado que tiene potencial de ser aplicado en la reducción de la salinidad es la zeolita. Este material filtrante, sin mezcla con otro, fue capaz de reducir hasta un 20 % el valor de la CE sin tener un efecto negativo en ninguno de los otros parámetros evaluados en este estudio, y además, sin mostrar un estado de saturación durante el tiempo de operación evaluado. En el caso de las columnas que utilizaron mezclas de materiales, no existe un efecto sinérgico para la eliminación de los parámetros de calidad del agua evaluados.

Modelling and simulation of industrial systems have become a conventional method for productivity improvement through optimizing design, operation, performance and troubleshooting. This paper analyses the current Shearcut process flow through modelling and simulation. A case study research was undertaken at a steel processing company that transform steel coils into sheets, plates, slits, tubes, blanks and various roofing products. Two models were created using Arena software. The models were a representation of the process flow found in the Shearcut warehouse. The first model was developed from data obtained from production records and time studies that were carried out on some of the operations. Bottleneck stations and non-value adding operations were identified. The second model was created with some improvements that included reduced non-value adding times. Results from the second model had an improved output. This paper contributes to the use of computer simulation as a tool to improve productivity.

For many studies, inspired by an urban political economy approach, the construction movement of stadiums and arenas in North America is one of the concrete symbols of urban neoliberalism. While these studies highlight mechanisms of domination and alienation, they do not pay much attention to the controversies that these projects generate (or, when they do, they emphasize their lack of impact). In that regard, the analysis of French stadia and arenas conducted in this paper shows that the controversies linked to these stadia or arenas (or, in a more subtle and indirect way, the anticipation of these controversies) affect these projects and contribute to the advent of hybrid urban forms of neoliberalism.

Com o fito de promover um estudo a respeito do pensamento político de Colombo Machado Salles durante a sua gestão enquanto governador do Estado de Santa Catarina, este artigo busca compreendê- lo enquanto um defensor e propagador da técnica e da ciência enquanto uma ideologia, bem como analisar a maneira como suas ideias e projetos foram recepcionados por parte da elite política catarinense.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pola-pola simbol melalui parateks dan arena para pengarang yang tergabung di Forum Lingkar Pena (FLP). Sumber data penelitian adalah novel-novel karya pengarang yang bergabung di dalam Forum Lingkar Pena (FLP). Data sekunder berupa pustaka yang membahas karya dan keberadaan pengarang dalam kelompok FLP. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode studi pustaka yang didukung dengan teknik simak. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, sampul depan, belakang, dan beberapa halaman tambahan sebelum halaman inti digunakan mencantumkan modal simbolik dan terdapat pertukaran modal simbolik antarpengarang. Pengarang FLP mampu bekerja sama dunia industri dengan menyediakan ruang mengiklankan produk perusahaan untuk meningkatkan penjualannya. Kedua, pengarang FLP mempunyai habitus menciptakan karya yang islami yang berdampak pada kepemilikan modal, baik modal sosial, ekonomi, maupun simbolik. Hal itulah yang menjadikan pengarang FLP mampu menempati arena sastra dalam kesusastraan Indonesia, khususnya sub-arena sastra islami kontemporer. Keberadaan pengarang FLP memperoleh legitimasi populer di arena kesusastraan Indonesia. Kata kunci: sastra, FLP, simbol, habitus, modal, arena, parateks THE CREATION OF SYMBOLS AND ARENAS OF FORUM LINGKAR PENA (FLP) AUTHORS IN INDONESIAN LITERATURE Abstract This study aims to describe the patterns of symbols through paratexts and arenas of authors who are members of Forum Lingkar Pena (FLP). The data sources were novels by authors joining FLP. The secondary data were from studies discussing the works and existence of the authors in FLP. The data were collected by the library study method using the reading technique. The findings are as follows. First, the front, back, and some additional pages before the main page are used to include symbolic capitals and there is an exchange of symbolic capitals between authors. FLP authors are able to cooperate in the industrial world by providing space to advertise a company’s products to increase the sales. Second, FLP authors have the habit of creating Islamic works that affect the ownership of capitals, whether they are social, economic, or symbolic. This makes FLP authors able to occupy the literary arena of Indonesian literature, especially the sub-arena of contemporary Islamic literature. The existence of FLP authors gains popular legitimacy in the arena of Indonesian literature. Keywords: literature, symbol, habit, capital, arena, paratext

Discrete-event simulation has been widely used technique in analyzing construction operations for the past three decades due to its great effect on optimizing cost and productivity. In this paper we will present Arena as a tool for simulating earthwork operations, the advantage of Arena is its easiness and flexibility in simulating most kinds of models in different areas of construction. A case study will be presented, a model will be built and results obtained to reveal the mentioned objectives.

La playa Rancho Luna, ubicada en la costa centro-sur de la isla de Cuba, muestra evidentes signos de erosión. Este trabajo analiza los resultados de mediciones de perfiles topográficos perpendiculares a la línea de costa y su comparación para intervalos de diez y once años. Los objetivos son determinar la magnitud de la erosión y variación de la línea de costa durante este tiempo, así como esclarecer el comportamiento espacial y estacional de la playa. Se levantaron seis perfiles en la playa durante las primeras mediciones en 2003-2004 que luego volvieron a ser medidos en 2013-2014. Los perfiles se comparan y se calculan las pérdidas o ganancias de arena y el movimiento de la línea de costa. Como resultado se obtuvo que existe erosión y retroceso significativos en la línea de costa de la playa. La pérdida total de arena en estos diez u once años es entre 9300 y 13000 m3. La tasa anual de pérdida de arena fluctúa entre 853 y 1300 m3 por año mientras el retroceso promedio para toda la playa fluctúa entre 0,54 y 0,8 m por año. Se obtiene una diferencia entre estaciones en cuanto a la magnitud de la erosión y el retroceso. Ambos fenómenos se comportan de forma espacialmente irregular sobre la playa y cambian su distribución espacial según las estaciones. ABSTRACT Rancho Luna beach located at the central south Cuban island shore, shows evident signs of erosion. This work analyses the results from topographic profile surveys perpendiculars to the shoreline in a ten and elevenyears interval. The objectives are determining the magnitude of erosion and variation of shoreline during this time and to clear up the seasonal and spatial behavior of the beach. Six profiles where performed during the firsts surveys in 2003-2004, which were measured again in 2013-2014. The obtained surveys are compared and calculated the inputs and losses of sand and the movement of the shoreline. As an obtained result, there is a noticeable erosion and shoreline retreatment on the beach. The total loss of sand on those ten or eleven years reaches between 9300 and 13000 m3. The annual rate of sand loss is between 853 and 1300 m3 per year, while the mean retreatment rate for the entire beach fluctuates between 0.54 and 0.8 m per year. A difference between seasons respect to the magnitude of erosion and retreatment is obtained. Both phenomena behaves in an irregular spatial way over the beach, and change their spatial distribution according to the seasons.

Fleet selection in open-pit mines is of vital importance. Inappropriate selection of fleet can be influential on the project economics in two ways failure in achieving production objectives and increase the attributed costs due to increase in the shipment time. Usually fleet design is fulfilled in the forms of either allocating or dispatching aiming to production maximization and cost minimization. Simulation technique, one of the available fleet selection methods, allows designers to study a system in a virtual environment without executing it in the real world, to technically and economically evaluate its efficiency. In this paper, at first using the simulation technique, transportation system of the Songun copper mine was simulated in the Arena software and then by defining new systems, efficiency of the available fleet was improved. On the basis of the obtained results it was observed that a fleet of 100 t dump trucks, 6.1 m3 front end loaders, 7.0 m3 shovel and 4.6 m3 excavator with weekly production of 550,000 tones and 0.83$ per/ m3 is the best possible alternative.

This paper presents a simulation experiment comparing the Single Stage, Single Product Base Stock (BS), Traditional Kanban Control System (TKCS) and Extended Kanban Control System (EKCS). The results showed that BS incurs the highest cost in all scenarios; while EKCS is found to be effective only in a very niche scenario. TKCS is still a very powerful factory management system to date; and EKCS did not perform exceptionally well. The only time EKCS did outperform TKCS was during low demand arrival rates and low Backorder (Cb) and Shortage costs (Cs). That is because during then, it holds no stock. The most important discovery made here is that EKCS becomes TKCS once it has base stock (or dispatched kanbans). The results have also evinced the strength of the pure kanban system, the TKCS over BS. Hence managers using BS should consider upgrading to TKCS to save cost.

A new research model for simulation software evaluation is proposed consisting of three main categories of criteria: modeling and simulation capabilities of the explored tools, and tools’ input/output analysis possibilities, all with respective sub-criteria. Using the presented model, two discrete event simulation tools are evaluated in detail using the task-centred scenario. Both tools (Arena and ExtendSim) were used for teaching discrete event simulation in preceding academic years. With the aim to inspect their effectiveness and to help us determine which tool is more suitable for students i.e. academic purposes, we used a simple simulation model of entities competing for limited resources. The main goal was to measure subjective (primarily attitude) and objective indicators while using the tools when the same simulation scenario is given. The subjects were first year students of Master studies in Information Management at the Faculty of Economics in Split taking a course in Business Process Simulations (BPS). In a controlled environment – in a computer lab, two groups of students were given detailed, step-by-step instructions for building models using both tools - first using ExtendSim then Arena or vice versa. Subjective indicators (students’ attitudes) were collected using an online survey completed immediately upon building each model. Subjective indicators primarily include students’ personal estimations of Arena and ExtendSim capabilities/features for model building, model simulation and result analysis. Objective indicators were measured using specialised software that logs information on user's behavior while performing a particular task on their computer such as distance crossed by mouse during model building, the number of mouse clicks, usage of the mouse wheel and speed achieved. The results indicate that ExtendSim is well preferred comparing to Arena with regards to subjective indicators while the objective indicators are better for Arena. Objectively, students completed the given scenario faster and with fewer movements in Arena, but they still prefer ExtendSim and perceive it as a better tool considering the characteristics and functionalities.

The level of performance is an important aspect of the design and control in a production line. Particularly, the level of performance of variable production line (VPL) is one of the most important influential factors in deciding production line’s flexibility. The majority of the existing solution methods for performance prediction and evaluation problems of VPL assume that the processing times, time between failures and repair times are deterministic or exponentially distributed, which could not be applied to all the problems in real cases. This paper relaxes these restrictions by proposing an ARENA simulation model for performance prediction and evaluation based on the variability theory in Factory Physics. The variable properties of time interval between product arrivals and VPL are simulated, which combining with the coefficients of variations, are presented. Through the simulation, how the variable factors influence the performance of VPL is demonstrated. The methodology in this paper can be applied to effectively predict and evaluate the performance in VPL in various production scenarios before implementing them in reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime transport is the most significant one among several transportation modes. Containers are transported at international level as a part of maritime transport. Seaports have critical role for efficiency of container stacking process. It is necessary to complete operations of arriving vessels at the shortest time in order to provide high customer satisfaction. At this point, simulation is effectively utilized as a decision support system in order to improve port processes. In this study, current situation and two alternative scenarios are compared to each other through simulation so as to realize the most suitable stack planning by removing bottlenecks in a container port. It is aimed to determine the most suitable yard layout to provide minimization of discharging times for arriving vessels, decreasing waiting times of carriers under quay and yard cranes and fair usage of all equipment. Thus, it is planned to reduce energy and workforce costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actors making public decisions about a certain policy issue in one particular arena also meet in other arenas where they will have to make decisions on other issues. By incorporating information from across coevolving arenas, actors make associations between the decisions in the different arenas. To understand the dynamics of associations, we deployed a formal game-theoretic approach and run an experiment. Subjects played two different games, each representing a different decision-making arena. The results show that history builds-up and that subjects made associations between the two games, partly explaining the behaviour of decision-makers interacting in multilevel decision-making settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the pressure against librarianship and library and information science stemming from digitization and the increased importance attached to libraries’ role as meeting places and arenas for the public sphere. Both these developmental tendencies make many question the need of librarians as intermediaries between users and the sources of information. The navigating and searching for information in a digital world when the world itself has become a library, is far from trivial and the traditional competencies of librarians relating to searching for and finding information is as relevant as ever. LIS schools should also provide their students with theoretical tools helping them reflect upon the role and potential of libraries in relation to the challenges to upholding a sustainable public sphere in a digital and multicultural age. LIS schools should also convey to their students the historical continuity and legacy of libraries as a public sphere institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiophorus carinatus Mathison and Douglas sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) is described from the Lake Wales Ridge ecosystem of Florida, USA. In addition, C. robustus LeConte, 1853, is rediscovered in North America from Massachusetts, Maine, and Rhode Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in biosurfactants for the removal of hydrophobic contaminants on contaminated soils is increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the decontamination process in sandy soils polluted with burned car engine oil, using a natural detergent, extracted from a residual stream from the corn milling industry named "corn steep liquor". The emulsifier and interactive capacity of the biosurfactant with the burnt oil was first evaluated. Then, discontinuous extraction experiments were carried out in batch by triplicate on a mixture of 5 g of sandy soil containing 50,000 ppm burned oil, using several formulated cleaner solutions with the biosurfactant, above and below its critical micelle concentration (CMC), using solid/liquid relations between 1/10 and 1/30 (w:v). Results show that the 1/20 solid/liquid ratio (w:v) was the most suitable for the washings. After 6 h in contact, the cleaning process showed good results. The high biodegradability of the biosurfactant extract and the relatively low treatment times allow us to suggest its use in in-situ decontamination processes of petroleum-based oils contaminated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to the comparative study of the results obtained from the ARENA and JAAMSIM software in the simulation of a process of assembly of chairs in a furniture industry, located in the western region of Paraná. ARENA software is commercial software already established in the market, being used by several companies. The JAAMSIM software is free code software still very little used in Brazil. As a parameter of comparison, the variable TPMLC (Time of the Process of Assembly of a batch of 30 Chairs) was selected. The simulation results for both software presented very good correlation, with no significant difference between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand is wide use material, that denote the economic importance of the ore, recognized by the Brazilian National Department of Mineral Production as a kind of material for immediate utilization, which has a simplified concession, through licensing. Mining as a contribution for building construction is presented in this paper as one of the important factors for the high quantity of sand extracted in the state of Goiás (Brazil). With a relevant amount of extracted ore and marketed among so-called non-metallic minerals, sand has still a social impact, whereas the official data consider only legal extraction. However it is known that there are several sources of informal sand extraction. The economic relevance of the sand extraction does not mean that, on the part of the State, effective control on the mineral or environmental aspects. This implies a commitment to the urban planning of municipalities, environmental liabilities to waterways, in addition to social losses, considering the labor aspects, adding economic losses, such as CFEM and ICMS taxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1975, the award-winning BBC documentary series Arena has broadcast programmes on a plethora of cultural subjects. Films focusing explicitly on musical cultures form around 30% of Arena's programmes; while 'rockumentaries' dominate, jazz is a regular topic of Arena's music documentaries. This paper considers Arena's first direct engagements with jazz in two 40 minute programmes from 1983. It demonstrates jazz culture's interrelationship with the audio-visual through an examination of Jazz Juke Box I and Jazz Juke Box II (broadcast on BBC2 on 15/2/1983 at 10:15PM and 23/11/1983 at 10PM respectively). I present the programmes as key sites through which we can better understand Arena's negotiation of jazz culture through two interdependent layers: firstly, I consider the programme's aesthetic and formal presentation of jazz and its audio-visual materiality; secondly, I examine the extent of expository material presented in the programmes and the meaning it generates in relation to Arena's and the BBC's wider mediation of jazz. Jazz's Visual Juke Box might serve a better title for the two programmes. Both programmes re-present a selection of, mostly full-length, promotional jazz shorts and 'Soundies'. The films are introduced from a smoky bar by George Melly who directs our attention towards a visual jukebox that forms the centre of our engagement with the films. Ellington, Basie, Nat King Cole, Billie Holliday, and Bessie Smith are a few of the musicians featured in the, as the Radio Times called them, 'witty, moving, surreal and always irresistibly entertaining' short films. It is argued visual techniques are used in the programmes to blur technological lines between the materiality of different audio-visual modes and also spatio-temporal lines between the social spaces where Panorams were originally found and the bar Melly inhabits. In doing so, Arena draws our attention not just to the films themselves, but also the socio-cultural context that surrounded their consumption. The visual aesthetic is also argued to foreground and fetishize the 'rareness' of this 'forgotten' footage and its analogue mode of reproduction. Between the films, Melly often delivers a contextual and interpretive script that, although educational, does not rely on didacticism nor fully problematize the film's stereotyped depiction of black musicians. Nevertheless, the audience is offered some possible interpretations of the film's complex significance to the understanding, remembrance and history of jazz culture. This and the programmes' expository materials present a mode of documentary film somewhat at odds with the more meditative style for which Arena became famous. This paper discusses the extent to which Arena's critical presentation of the short films is conditioned by the creator's own artistic subjectivities and by wider discourses on race and jazz on small-screens in 1980s Britain. It is argued that Melly's persona, defined as much by his jazz and blues musicianship as his art criticism and journalism, continues the BBC's fraught negotiation of jazz as an (un)popular music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of the dryer was achieved for sand located in the Territorial Polytechnic University José Antonio Anzoátegui (UPTJAA) in Venezuela with discontinuous operation by means of direct drying in an axial flow from the atmosphere up to 96°C for a speed of the hot air of up to 9,1m/s. The experiments were with fine sand of 5 x 10-4 m to a temperature of 70°C, speed of air 6,6 m/s and relative humidity of 80%, it was determined that the team fulfills the drying process satisfactorily, obtaining a critical humidity of= 0.272 kg water/kg of dry base, drying speed in the period anticrítico Wc = 0.15 kg/hr m2, balance humidity X * = 0 kg of water/kg of dry base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Bouyoucos method, at different stirring times and using two chemical dispersants, for particle size determination and distribution in slightly alkaline soils of Córdoba, Colombia. Eight soils were mechanically dispersed applying a slow stirring; 60 rpm with five stirring times as follows: 2, 4, 6, 10 and 16 hours and a control experiment at 0 h. Chemical dispersion of samples was performed using two dispersants: Calgon (0.058 molL-1 (NaPO3)6 + 0.075 molL-1 Na2CO3) and a mixture of Calgon and 0.1 molL-1 Na4P2O7 at pH 9.1, which was proposed by authors. In addition, particle size distribution was determined by Pipette method, which was used as reference method. Tests of means and regression models were performed for sand, silt and clay contents using SAS statistical software. According to the results, significant differences were not found between 10 and 16 h of stirring, therefore maximum state of dispersion had achieved at stirring time of 10 h. Content of sand fraction showed an exponential decreasing which can be described following model given by , with determination coefficients higher than 0.90. Clay fraction showed exponentially increasing behavior of first order given by with determination coefficients greater than 90%. Soil textural classification was performed by Bouyoucos method using the proposed dispersant at 10 h of stirring was 75% similar to that determined by Pipette method whereas for Calgon, was 62.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stadiums have recently become one of the most important issues in the economy of professional football clubs with its positive and negative effects. Football rapidly developing worldwide is social, cultural and economic phenomenon and is one of the world's most profitable sports. The transformation of an economics of billion dollars and the transformation of an industrial character from the beginning of the 1990s has caused all eyes to be turned over to the stadiums as a place of production of football over time. Stadiums in the process of industrial transformation of football have transformed into structures that live 365 days and generate significant monetary income, including non-football events. Now the conversion of soccer fans to a "consumer spectators" has led to a new comfort structure that will increase the added value of the clubs' stadiums per seat. In this way, the match day revenues, which will hold an important place in the monetary revenues of football, also started to increase its share in total revenues rapidly. Although this share has increased, because the seat capacity is fixed it has forced the clubs to become even more creative in these matters. Soccer clubs have started to design stadiums in this sense in a way that will make them more functional and monetary. Today, soccer stadiums have grown out of a simple structure and they have become the production center of industrial football and the most important source of income. The income generated by the stadiums is now approaching nearly 40 percent of European soccer revenue. The aim of the study is to examine economic and social efficiency of stadiums and arenas which is a significant source of revenue for professional football clubs and is to examine the economic effects of Turkish football stadiums and arenas in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining industry faces a number of complex challenges transformed into systems with a huge number of variable data, which require modern computing tools to accurately predict and display them. This paper will present a modern methodology for simulation of truck haulage in mines for underground exploitation. As a case study in this paper is taken the Mine for underground exploitation of lead and zinc "SASA" - M. Kamenica. The methodology is consists of making a computer application for time measuring of the working cycle for the truck haulage which will then be modeled in the software Arena, where it will be simulated in real time. This model, which represents a realistic representation of the truck haulage in the mine, can serve to create new haulage scenarios that can contribute to the improvement of the whole haulage system in the mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dieser Beitrag rekapituliert im Blick auf die Überlappungen von Macht, Souveränität und Herrschaft die soziale Morphologie der Foucaultschen Gesellschaftstheorie und betont dabei die Aktualität von Forschungen, die sich machtkritisch an den Dispositivbegriff anlehnen. Was ein Dispositiv ist, wird im Rekurs auf Deleuze und Agamben vor Augen geführt, um in der Figur der "schizophrenen Flucht" ein entscheidendes Moment der französischen Debatten auszumachen. Dabei ist der Panoptismus nach wie vor ein bemerkenswertes Modell, um historisch die innere Funktionsweise von Disziplinargesellschaften zu begreifen, die sich zu Kontrollgesellschaften gewandelt haben. Dem Homo digitalis steht angesichts von Big Data im Semiokapitalismus des 21. Jahrhunderts ein System wechselseitiger Kontrolle vor Augen, dem er sich lückenlos unterwerfen soll. Dem setzt sich nach wie vor die Figur der widerständigen Subjektivierung entgegen, wie sie Foucault in seinem Spätwerk entworfen hat. Auf allgemeinster Ebene hebt dieser Artikel hervor, dass wir auch heute noch ein politisches Modell vor Augen haben, dass der antiken Arena im Sinne einer politischen Heterotopie entspricht, in der es im Krieg um das nackte Überleben geht. Zusammenfassend wird Foucaults Kriegsparadigma über Michel de Certeaus Modellierung von Strategie und Taktik auf die Figur des Bürgerkriegs bezogen, um insgesamt zu betonen, dass dort wo Macht ist, immer auch Widerstand möglich ist.