18,918 results on '"amazonía"'
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152. 'Habitar e construir nas Resex Marinhas na Amazônia' - as dimensões funcional e simbólica das casas das populações tradicionais
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Débora Melo Alves and Tânia Guimarães Ribeiro
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reservas extrativistas ,política habitacional ,habitação ,Amazônia ,casa-lar ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Este artigo analisa as dissonâncias entre as dimensões funcional e simbólica que se materializam na construção das casas numa Resex Marinha, e as necessidades socioterritoriais e culturais das populações tradicionais que habitam as casas construídas com recursos do Crédito Habitacional do II Programa Nacional da Reforma Agrária (II PNRA), na Reserva Extrativista Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu, Bragança-PA. A metodologia utilizada é de cunho qualitativo e se ancora em entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários socioeconômicos aplicados às moradoras da Resex, na análise de atas, documentos e dados de sites oficiais. A partir do campo sociológico e interdisciplinar são analisados os conflitos e a ressignificação das formas de habitar e de construir as casas das populações tradicionais locais. De um lado, temos a política pública que, seguindo o padrão de edificação estabelecido pelo Estado, visa popularizar e baratear a construção de moradias para os pobres (Valladares; Figueiredo, 1981) produzindo homogeneizações; de outro, observa-se a agência das famílias que produzem outras simbologias com o ato de habitar e (re)construir suas moradias. Essas pessoas, mesmo em desvantagem na posse de capitais – econômico, político, social (Bourdieu, 1998) – produzem outros significados às “casas verdes”, como denominam as construções oriundas do II PNRA. Os resultados mostram que “o fazer decorrente do habitar” (Sennett, 2018) revela como as mudanças funcionais da habitação agregam à sua dimensão simbólica elementos socioculturais de suas tradições culturais. Por outro lado, atrelados ao modo de vida das populações tradicionais dessa região, os efeitos da política habitacional apontam a falta de singularidade das habitações aos propósitos da população tradicional extrativista costeiro-marinha, e a ausência de um olhar a respeito da conservação ambiental para os que vivem nessa região amazônica. A conquista das populações tradicionais do direito à moradia esbarra na deficiência de acesso universal e na fragilidade das construções que não atendem seus modos de vida, suas necessidades que se relacionam com os rios, o mangue e o mar.
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- 2024
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153. Meliponicultura e extensão universitária: Abordagem sobre a criação de abelhas sem ferrão
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Ludimilla Ronqui and Reginaldo de Oliveira Nunes
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Meliponário ,Amazônia ,Educação Ambiental ,Education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
A extensão universitária tem sido uma das ferramentas utilizadas para propagar a educação ambiental com as abelhas nativas, com objetivo de transformar, direcionar o desenvolvimento sustentável, a importância e a conservação das espécies através da meliponicultura. Para isso, foram realizadas diversas atividades, incluindo a implantação de meliponários, o uso de iscas para captura de abelhas, a transferência dessas abelhas para caixas nacionais, a instalação adequada das caixas, bem como a manutenção das colmeias. Além disso, foram oferecidos cursos sobre meliponicultura para produtores rurais, visando a conscientização, capacitação e a disseminação de informações locais através da extensão universitária. Os participantes tiveram a oportunidade de adquirir novos conhecimentos, como o manejo e a produção de abelhas, tornando-se aptos a compartilhar esses conhecimentos técnicos e fundamentação teórica, e até mesmo iniciar novos projetos de pesquisa na área de Biologia de insetos, com ênfase em populações de abelhas e produção. A participação dos produtores rurais no programa também foi de extrema importância, pois eles receberam treinamento, participaram de cursos e atividades práticas de extensão rural, o que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento regional, a preservação do meio ambiente e ainda gerou renda com a implantação do meliponário. Dessa forma, o programa teve impacto positivo tanto no meio acadêmico, proporcionando novos aprendizados aos membros do projeto, como também para a comunidade rural, promovendo uma atividade sustentável e economicamente viável, além de contribuir para a proteção das abelhas, essenciais ao equilíbrio ecológico. Palavras-chave: Meliponário; Amazônia; Educação Ambiental Meliponiculture and university extension: An approach to the cultivation of stingless bees Abstract: University extension has been one of the tools used to propagate environmental education with native bees, aiming at transforming and directing sustainable development and the importance and conservation of species through meliponiculture. To this end, several activities were carried out, including the implementation of meliponaries, the use of bait to capture bees, the transfer of these bees to national boxes, the adequate installation of the boxes, as well as the maintenance of the hives. In addition, courses on meliponiculture were offered to rural producers, aiming to raise awareness and training and disseminate local information through university extension. Participants had the opportunity to acquire new knowledge, such as bee management and production, becoming capable of sharing this technical knowledge and theoretical foundation and even starting new research projects in insect biology, emphasizing bee populations and production. The participation of rural producers in the program was also crucial, as they received training and participated in courses and practical rural extension activities, which contributed to regional development and the preservation of the environment and generated income by implementing the meliponary. In this way, the program positively impacted the academic world, providing new learning to project members and the rural community, promoting a sustainable and economically viable activity, and contributing to the protection of bees, which is essential to ecological balance. Keywords: Meliponary; Amazon; Environmental Education
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- 2024
154. A Santa Sé frente aos ‘escândalos de Putumayo’, no Peru: a viagem apostólica de Giovanni Genocchi à América (1911-1912)
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Jérri Roberto Marin
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Amazônia ,Santa Sé ,Igreja Católica ,Putumayo ,Escravidão ,Indígenas ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Resumo Este artigo analisa a viagem apostólica de Giovanni Genocchi a Argentina, Chile, Peru e Brasil, realizada entre os anos de 1911 e 1912, para investigar as denúncias de escravizações, extermínios e torturas de indígenas que ocorriam na região de Putumayo, no Peru, e em vários países latino-americanos. Outros objetivos da viagem eram estudar a viabilidade de criar uma missão religiosa em Putumayo e propor um plano de reorganização das missões entre os indígenas, assim como da Igreja Católica na América Latina. A Santa Sé pretendia promover reformas que favorecessem a expansão institucional e a evangelização dos indígenas e de toda a sociedade. Para tal, enfoco as narrativas apostólicas de Genocchi para problematizar a lógica da colonialidade. As fontes foram obtidas no Arquivo Apostólico do Vaticano e no Archivio Storico di Propaganda Fide, entre outros.
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- 2024
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155. Estructuras de bambú para animales de corral: divulgación de técnica constructiva en la Amazonía
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Andrea Salomé Jaramillo Benavides, Fabiola Stephania López Mendoza, Esteban Franklin Tello Coello, and Jorge Alejandro Batres Quevedo
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Arquitectura Sostenible ,Proyecto de Vinculación ,Bambú ,Infraestructura Rural ,Amazonía ,Medicine ,Science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
En la región amazónica las actividades económicas generan gran presión sobre los recursos naturales. El uso de un recurso natural endémico, abundante y renovable como el bambú es una alternativa a la explotación maderera y un apoyo a las actividades desarrolladas en comunidades rurales. En este contexto, el proyecto de vinculación “Construcción colaborativa de infraestructuras con bambú en zonas rurales”, desarrollado dentro del grupo de investigación en Arquitectura y Construcción Sostenible, cuyo objetivo fue fortalecer los conocimientos sobre construcción de infraestructuras agropecuarias con Bambú y culminó con la propuesta de diseño de dos modelos de infraestructura rural con bambú, presentada en dos manuales de construcción que serán divulgados en la región amazónica de Ecuador, Perú y Colombia. La ejecución del proyecto contribuye a la divulgación del conocimiento sobre el uso sostenible del bambú en estructuras de producción de animales de corral.
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- 2024
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156. Performance of traditional household drinking water treatment methods used in rural Amazon
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Maria Cecilia Rosinski Lima Gomes, Leonardo Capeleto de Andrade, Milena Pinho Barbosa, Bruna Coelho Lopes, and Cesar Rossas Mota Filho
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waterborne diseases ,SDG6 ,rainwater ,river ,water safety ,Amazonia ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Residents of remote areas in the Amazon often lack access to a water supply system and thus need to produce their potable water at home. This study examined the efficacy of household water treatments traditionally used by these communities to treat rainwater and river water, their predominant water sources. Samples of untreated, treated, and stored drinking water were collected from 18 households in three communities in Central Amazon, Amazonas State, Brazil. We describe the materials and practices involved and traditionally used in each treatment technique – cloth filtration (water straining), chlorination, and sedimentation, and their efficiency. In the samples we evaluate water quality analyses, as free chlorine, color, coliforms, and turbidity. The treatment steps for the separation of solids in river water were effective only for removing turbidity and apparent color. Straining river water after sedimentation had no relevant effect on water quality. Chlorination of rainwater was efficient in inactivating Escherichia coli; however, all samples showed some level of contamination by E. coli. We found a significant difference (p
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- 2024
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157. Dos lagos temperados às águas amazônicas
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André Felipe Candido da Silva
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limnologia ,ecologia ,August Thienemann ,Harald Sioli ,Amazônia ,Epistemology. Theory of knowledge ,BD143-237 ,Science ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
O trabalho analisa como uma abordagem ecológica dos lagos e demais corpos d’água continentais contribuiu para a estruturação da ecologia como disciplina organizada, por favorecer uma perspectiva holística em meio a qual os fatores bióticos e abióticos foram apreendidos de forma integrada. Enfatiza as contribuições do limnólogo e alemão August Thienemann na demarcação da limnologia como uma ciência de síntese das conexões entre comunidades orgânicas e o ambiente aquático, informado por uma visão holística organicista que apostou na unidade da natureza e das ciências. Destaca o engajamento de Thienemann em promover a limnologia como campo privilegiado da ecologia, elaborando conceitos da ecologia teórica que tiveram repercussão no desenvolvimento do campo. O artigo aborda ainda os ajustes e modificações que a perspectiva científica de Thienemann sofreu ao ser empregada no estudo das águas amazônicas por seu sucessor na direção do Instituto de Limnologia de Plön, Harald Sioli. Defende o argumento que o encontro de Sioli com a materialidade das águas na Amazônia e os diálogos por ele estabelecidos contribuíram para essas modificações, ao mesmo tempo em que a perspectiva organicista da limnologia serviu para tomar as águas como vias de acesso à complexa ecologia da região. Com isso Sioli posicionou a limnologia como campo transdisciplinar centrado no estudo das paisagens, como eixo organizador de um programa de pesquisa seguido pelo coletivo que ele ajudou a estruturar entre a Amazônia e Alemanha e como saber indispensável para a elaboração de formas de ocupação da região mais sinérgicas com as dinâmicas ecológicas da floresta.
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- 2024
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158. Isótopos das águas brasileiras para o desenvolvimento
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André Secchieri Bailão
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hidrologia isotópica ,Amazônia ,Nordeste ,Guerra Fria ,desenvolvimento ,Epistemology. Theory of knowledge ,BD143-237 ,Science ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
Este trabalho apresenta os itinerários de cientistas do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (Cena) e suas pesquisas sobre as águas do Nordeste e da Amazônia entre 1960 e 1970 e, de forma mais ampla, apresenta a hidrologia isotópica transnacional durante a Guerra Fria. O Cena, vinculado à Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear e à Universidade de São Paulo em Piracicaba, fez parte de um convênio de cooperação técnica com as Nações Unidas, gerido pela Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (AIEA), e recebeu visitas técnicas de muitos peritos estrangeiros dos Estados Unidos, Europa e Israel. Eneas Salati, professor do Cena, montou o laboratório de ecologia isotópica em 1968 e coordenou uma rede transnacional para auxiliar o governo brasileiro em estudos hidrológicos. Este artigo apresenta a constituição dessa rede e o papel central dos pesquisadores brasileiros na formulação das agendas e dos resultados de pesquisa. Os trabalhos da rede focaram-se principalmente no sertão do Nordeste e na Amazônia, para onde voltavam-se projetos desenvolvimentistas do regime militar, e buscavam apoiar a Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (Sudene) e do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Inpa). Enquanto no projeto no semiárido os pesquisadores buscavam encontrar maneiras de ampliar o acesso à água, numa região caracterizada como carente em recursos hídricos de qualidade, no projeto conduzido na Amazônia os pesquisadores levantavam a hipótese de um equilíbrio entre a floresta e o clima, que poderia ser alterado pelos projetos desenvolvimentistas e o crescente desmatamento.
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- 2024
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159. Águas da chuva e a Modernidade na Amazônia
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Kelvyn Werik Nascimento Gomes and Wesley Oliveira Kettle
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Belém ,ciência ,Amazônia ,história ambiental ,história da chuva ,Epistemology. Theory of knowledge ,BD143-237 ,Science ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
As cidades amazônicas foram impactadas pela ideia de Modernidade que, liderada pela elite política, buscou dominar a natureza, com destaque para as águas. Em Belém do Pará esse projeto contou com a participação de cientistas e a divulgação científica por meio dos jornais paraenses que circulavam nos primeiros anos da República. Sob a perspectiva da história ambiental, este artigo demonstrará como a água das chuvas é um tema central para a história das ciências na Amazônia entre os anos de 1890 e 1920, fazendo parte de disputas no campo político no contexto da República. As águas, portanto, apresentam-se como um tema fundamental para o progresso. Nesse sentido, destacamos como a ciência na Amazônia se envolveu com as “recomendações e receitas” para criar chuva, permitindo-nos ampliar nosso conhecimento sobre a dinâmica daquela sociedade.
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- 2024
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160. Review of Collins, Yolanda Ariadne. 2024. Forests of refuge: Decolonizing environmental governance in the Amazonian Guiana Shield
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Andrea Rizzi
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carbon markets ,redd ,amazonia ,decolonization ,forest governance ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Political science - Published
- 2024
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161. O contexto e a produção curricular em uma experiência formativa deslocadora - Pedagogia do Campo, das águas e das florestas em uma área de conservação no estado do Amazonas
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Maria Edeluza Ferreira Pinto de Moura and Lucinete Gadelha da Costa
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Currículo ,Formação ,Amazônia ,Education - Abstract
Este artigo tem como objetivo, trazer reflexões sobre uma experiência curricular em construção no Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia do Campo da Escola Normal Superior/Universidade do Estado do Amazonas- UEA que vem se construindo a partir do Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Formação de Professores para a Educação em Ciências na Amazônia (GEPEC), traz à tona o desafio de uma construção curricular no processo formativo com a Educação do Campo, das águas e das florestas iniciado em 2019 em uma área protegida no estado do Amazonas na parceria entre a UEA, os movimentos sociais presentes no Fórum do Território do Médio Juruá – Fórum TMJ e Capes. Fundamenta-se teoricamente em uma perspectiva de currículo como enunciação, operando com as ideias de Bhabha, Lopes, Frangella, Macedo e Arroyo. Na articulação com a questão ambiente e sustentabilidade mobiliza as deias de Diegues, Sachs e Leff. Opera ainda com as ideias de educação Popular mobilizadas por Freire, Molina e Caldart. Nos procedimentos metodológicos do trabalho envereda-se pela abordagem qualitativa na problematização dessa experiência curricular apontando possibilidades na formação de professores em comunidades ribeirinhas no/do interior da Amazônia, causando efeitos deslocadores para além da sua proposta curricular quebrando com a lógica da prescrição contida nos intentos prescritivos da BNCC e BNC da formação, que poderão contribuir na problematização sobre a produção curricular da região frente aos desafios desta do/no contexto amazônico.
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- 2024
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162. A degeneração da política federal de regularização fundiária na Amazônia
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Domingos Daniel Moutinho
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Regularização fundiária ,Amazônia ,função social ,grilagem ,desmatamento ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
Resumo Este artigo está inserido no campo do direito agrário e ambiental e tem como objetivo saber se e em que medida a política de regularização fundiária na Amazônia tem sido capaz de alcançar seu propósito de cumprir a função social da propriedade. Para tanto, o artigo, inicialmente, aborda toda a disciplina normativa da regularização fundiária federal, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988. Em seguida, enfrenta os efeitos dessa política na prática, a partir de um recorte amostral na região do Vale do Jamanxim, no sudoeste paraense. Nesse contexto, analisa o cenário da ocupação das terras federais, os destinatários efetivos da regularização fundiária, a dimensão das áreas regularizáveis, a dinâmica do desmatamento, os preços pagos pelas terras e o tema da segurança jurídica diante dos “títulos” expedidos. Os resultados encontrados militam no sentido de que a política de regularização fundiária tem fomentado a reconcentração fundiária e o desmatamento, uma vez que é voltada, na prática, para atender majoritariamente, em termos de áreas, grandes e médias propriedades; além disso, a permanente expectativa da regularização incentiva a continuidade do uso das terras e a supressão de sua cobertura florestal. Conclui-se, assim, que a política de regularização fundiária de terras públicas na Amazônia se degenerou a ponto de servir ao avesso do atendimento à função social da propriedade, estimulando a grilagem, a degradação ambiental e os conflitos inerentes a elas.
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- 2024
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163. O Antropoceno nos nossos apartamentos
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Ribamar José de Oliveira Junior
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Amazônia ,Sensibilidade ,Antropoceno ,Metamorfose ,Visual arts ,N1-9211 ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
Por uma “erótica da planetária”, Emanuele Coccia recusa a ideia de uma ecologia do planeta para pensar por meio de uma Amazônia sensível. Publicada no ano de 2023 pela Editora Cultura e Barbárie, a obra Amazônia sensível não busca descrever ou explicar a Amazônia, mas olhá-la como uma comunidade de sonhos. Da palestra que o autor realizou na residência artística Labverde22 – Art Immersion Program in the Amazon na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, no dia 22 de outubro de 2022, o texto se organiza como uma longa fala sobre o Antropoceno dos nossos apartamentos e as espécies que temos de estimação. Para ele, a natureza pode ser vista como um museu de arte contemporânea e cada espécie como uma forma de bioperformance na floresta. Como seria o mundo se, ao invés de nos identificarmos com pai e/ou mãe, tivéssemos nos identificado com uma planta? Comecei a pensar sobre tudo isso quando roubei uma muda do Jardim Botânico do Rio e iniciei uma outra genealogia.
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- 2024
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164. Mulheres não são imigrantes passivas e nem vêm a reboque: feminização da imigração, trabalho e arranjos domésticos de portuguesas em uma capital da Amazônia (Belém, c.1850 - c.1930)
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Cristina Donza Cancela
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Amazônia ,Feminização da imigração ,Portuguesas ,Trabalho ,Arranjos domésticos ,Women. Feminism ,HQ1101-2030.7 - Abstract
Resumo Neste artigo, discuto a feminização da imigração portuguesa para uma capital amazônica, Belém, entre 1850 e 1930, na perspectiva dos estudos feministas que levam em conta as categorias de classe social, gênero, sexualidade e raça. Meu objetivo é analisar a experiência das mulheres imigrantes a partir do fluxo de deslocamento, do trabalho e dos arranjos domésticos, questionando a noção de passividade e de acompanhante que lhes é atribuída, bem como a subordinação de seu trabalho. Concluo pontuando que a hierarquia de gênero e sexualidade reforça estereótipos que subalternizam a imigração feminina na História e na Historiografia. Por sua vez, a racialização positivada do corpo da mulher branca europeia foi acionada como contraponto às brasileiras. Metodologicamente, realizo o jogo de escalas da micro-história, associando à análise quantitativa o estudo de redes sociais.
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- 2024
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165. O terror da branquitude: violência e racismo contra os indígenas da Amazônia (século XIX)
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Márcio Couto Henrique
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Povos indígenas ,Racismo ,Branquitude ,Amazônia ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
RESUMO O artigo analisa as representações da branquitude na imaginação indígena, aspecto pouco abordado pela historiografia. Para tal, faço uso de relatos de viajantes que estiveram na região amazônica no século XIX. Partindo das análises críticas de teóricos e teóricas negras sobre a branquitude, pretendo apontar o quanto os contatos das populações indígenas com brancos eram vivenciados como experiências aterrorizantes que se expressavam, inclusive, fisicamente. Os registros desses contatos revelam múltiplas formas de violência e racismo contra os povos indígenas da região, constituindo importante dimensão da constituição histórica do privilégio branco no Brasil.
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- 2024
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166. Brus Rubio: Nuevos horizontes del arte amazónico
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Cristóbal Cardemil-Krause
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Brus Rubio ,Amazonía ,Putumayo ,epistemicidio ,Perú ,Amazonia ,epistemicide ,Peru ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Este ensayo discute el arte de Brus Rubio, artista amazónico huitoto-murui, quien en sus trabajos informa cómo su cultura entiende su historia, incluidos sus momentos de explotación, tradiciones, creencias y presente. Para ilustrar las diferencias entre sus obras y el discurso de la Amazonía más común en el pasado, incluyo, también, una discusión sobre la manera en que se caracterizaba a las poblaciones indígenas en la zona a principios del siglo XX —en torno, principalmente, al debate de los crímenes del Putumayo. En Rubio se evidencia un choque entre “historias oficiales” —saberes verticales que explican una realidad sin ser parte de ella ni aceptarla como interlocutora válida— y la de la comunidad —reflejado en estas obras como un saber horizontal, en que se incluye las voces que suelen no ser escuchadas. Así, la obra de Rubio presenta un nuevo modelo para entender la historia y el presente de la Amazonía.
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- 2024
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167. LEVANTAMENTO DE ÁREAS DESFLORESTADAS NA AMAZÔNIA ATRAVÉS DE PROCESSAMENTO DIGITAL DE IMAGENS ORBITAIS
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YOSIO E. SHIMABUKURO, VALDETE DUARTE, JOÃO ROBERTO DOS SANTOS, ELIANA M. K. MELLO, and JOSÉ CARLOS MOREIRA
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Amazônia ,Sensoriamento Remoto ,Desflorestamento ,Processamento Digital de Imagens ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta a seqüência metodológica para identificar e mapear as áreas desflorestadas, na Amazônia, através de processamento digital de imagens do sensor TM (Thematic Mapper) do satélite Landsat. O modelo linear de mistura espectral foi utilizado para a geração das imagens fração vegetação, solo e sombra a partir das bandas origináis das imagens TM adquiridas em 1997 e 1998. Um exemplo desta abordagem é apresentado em área no estado de Rondônia, característica da ocupação humana na forma de espinha de peixe. A imagem fração sombra de 1997 é utilizada para o mapeamento da extensão do desflorestamento (incluindo tanto as áreas recém desflorestadas, bem como as áreas de pastagem e áreas em processo de regeneração). Este mapeamento é feito através da utilização do algoritmo de segmentação e classificação não supervisionada por regiões. A seguir, essas áreas desflorestadas são sobrepostas à imagem fração solo de 1998, permitindo o mapeamento do incremento de desflorestamento utilizando idêntico processo de classificação. O resultado dessas duas classificações, em formato digital, podem ser incluídas em um banco de dados sobre a Amazônia. Atualmente, este método está sendo utilizado, de modo operacional, em 47 imagens que formam a área crítica (PROARCO - IBAMA) em termos de desflorestamento da região Amazônica.
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- 2024
168. RELAÇÕES ENTRE O SOLO E A FLORESTA NO ESTABELECIMENTO DE UNIDADES DE PAISAGENS FLORESTAIS, NA AMAZÔNIA (1)
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LUÍS MAURO S. MAGALHÃES, WINFRIED ERICH H. BLUM, NIRO HIGUCHI, and JOAQUIM DOS SANTOS
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paisagen florestais ,amazônia ,solo ,conservação ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
RESUMO O estudo das relações entre o solo e a floresta tem se mostrado importante para a compreensão, conservação e manejo destes recursos. Além disso, se constitui em instrumento valioso para o planejamento do território. A região ao norte de Manaus faz parte de um sub-domínio ecológico, onde as características edáficas e vegetacionais mostram diferenças ao longo de platôs, vertentes intermediárias e fundos de vales. Com o objetivo de avaliar o padrão destas mudanças, foram feitas descrições morfológicas de oito perfis de solo, em duas toposequências. Ao lado de cada perfil, foi feito também o estudo de um transecto, para a caracterização do tipo florestal presente, com o registro do nome vulgar e coleta de material botânico para posterior identificação. No sentido do platô para as posições mais baixas do relevo, se observa uma diferenciação da morfologia do solo com um aumento gradual no percentual de areia. As características edáficas mostram-se cada vez mais limitantes para o crescimento vegetal. No platô os solos apresentam uma textura argilosa ao longo de todo o perfil, tomando-se franco argilo arenoso a argilo arenoso nas vertentes, até chegar ao nível mais baixo da paisagem, onde os perfis se apresentam arenosos. Os resultados mostram também uma diferenciação progressiva no tipo de vegetação. A área basal decresce no sentido do platô para as áreas mais baixas. As florestas presentes em ambientes hídromórficos apresentam também uma relação estreita entre o tipo vegetacional e as características morfológicas do solo. São propostos oito tipos de paisagens florestais, que deverão subsidiar o planejamento, as intervenções e o manejo dos recursos naturais presentes na região.
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- 2024
169. Fragmentos da Amazônia
- Author
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Fernando Martinho
- Subjects
Fotografia ,Amazônia ,cultura. ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
RESUMO Ensaio fotográfico sobre o universo amazônico. Imagens que capturam detalhes ou fragmentos da região amazônica, sua atmosfera, cultura e ancestralidade.
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- 2024
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170. Antiga Amazônia Presente: uma experiência imagética sobre arqueologia amazônica
- Author
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Silvio Luiz Cordeiro and Wagner Souza e Silva
- Subjects
Imagem ,Amazônia ,arqueologia. ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
RESUMO O presente texto tem por objetivo relatar os desdobramentos imagéticos resultantes da produção do documentário Antiga Amazônia Presente, projeto audiovisual de difusão do passado cultural da Amazônia, que teve como ponto de partida o acervo de arqueologia amazônica conservado pelo Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Uma vez que o documentário também foi amparado pelo registro fotográfico das viagens de campo durante a sua produção, o material imagético resultante, em vídeo e fotografia, foi articulado em duas exposições com o objetivo de ampliar as estratégias de difusão do conhecimento sobre as culturas ancestrais da Amazônia.
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- 2024
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171. Integrating Environmental Justice into Child-Sensitive Social Protection: The Environmental Roots of Intergenerational Poverty in Amazonia
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de Carvalho, Thaís
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- 2024
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172. Climate risks to soy‐maize double‐cropping due to Amazon deforestation.
- Author
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Leite‐Filho, Argemiro Teixeira, Soares‐Filho, Britaldo Silveira, and de Oliveira, Ubirajara
- Subjects
- *
DOUBLE cropping , *DEFORESTATION , *CROPPING systems , *MACHINE learning , *ATMOSPHERIC temperature - Abstract
Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon (BA) for cattle and soybean production has significant consequences for the various aspects of the climate system. Land surface modifications due to deforestation directly influence surface energy and moisture availability, hence impacting rainfall patterns, air temperature and the onset of the agricultural rainy season. Here, we assess the forest loss‐related climate risks for the first and second crop seasons of the soy‐maize double cropping system in the BA. We utilized long‐term, daily, remote sensed climate data and annual land‐use maps as input for a machine learning algorithm to isolate the signal of forest loss on the climate. Our findings indicate that forest loss in the BA intensifies the risks of climate change from the local to the regional geographical scale, with the impact being more pronounced at the regional scale. Between 1999 and 2019, largely deforested regions exhibited a delay of approximately 76 days in the onset of the agricultural rainy season. These regions also experienced a 360 mm decrease in rainfall and an increase in maximum air temperature of 2.5°C. In view of these results, there are collective advantages of halting deforestation. Conservation of the Amazon Forest is vital for maintaining the early onset of the agricultural rainy season, favourable temperatures and adequate rainfall volume needed for attaining high yields in the soy‐maize double cropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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173. Brus Rubio: Nuevos horizontes del arte amazónico.
- Author
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Cardemil-Krause, Cristóbal
- Subjects
- *
CULTURAL history , *CULTURAL studies , *CRIME - Abstract
This article discusses the art of Brus Rubio, a Huitoto-Murui Amazonian artist, who through his work informs how his culture understands its history, including moments of exploitation, traditions, beliefs, and their present. To show the differences between his work and a more common discourse of Amazonia in the past, a discussion of the way indigenous peoples were characterized in the region in the early twentieth century is included. This relates mostly to the debate on the crimes in the Putumayo region. In Rubio’s work, a clash between “official histories” and the history of the community becomes evident. The former is represented by vertical knowledges that explain a reality without belonging to it or accepting it as a valid interlocutor. The latter is represented in Rubio’s work as a horizontal knowledge, which includes the voices that are seldom heard. Thus, Rubio’s work introduces a new model to understand the Amazon’s history and present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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174. Beak deformity in three bird species from the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon.
- Author
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Alencar, Luana, Santos, Ednaira, Verde, Rair, Oliveira, Elaine, and Guilherme, Edson
- Subjects
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BEAKS , *SCIENTIFIC literature , *BIRD populations , *HUMAN abnormalities , *MAXILLA , *CAPTIVE wild animals - Abstract
Beak deformity have a frequency of 0.5% in wild bird populations. In addition to being rare, beak deformities are also poorly reported in the Brazilian scientific literature. Here we report beak deformities in the species: Dendrocincla merula, Amazona ochrocephala and Pheugopedius genibarbis, all of which occurred in southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Dendrocolaptids make intensive use of their beaks in the search for insects and small vertebrates, where they explore in cracks in wood with lateral blows. In the case presented here, this behaviour may have been the cause of the breakage of the tip of this individual's maxilla. In Brazilian territory, few species of parrots were recorded with deformity in the beak and in the individual in this work, everything indicates that Amazona ochrocephala was a captive animal, as it was excessively thin and its diet probably had a low content of vitamins and calcium, where their deficiency even when the animal was a puppy may have contributed to the deformity of the maxilla. Cases of beak deformities in species of the Troglodytidae family are rare, but the individual in this work presented an unusual curvature in the maxilla not observed in other individuals in museum collections. Only with more reports will we be able to better understand the occurrence and causes of these beak deformities in wild birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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175. Phylogenetic evidence reshapes the taxonomy of Cacao and its allies (Theobroma and Herrania; Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae).
- Author
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Colli-Silva, Matheus, Richardson, James Edward, Bossa-Castro, Ana M., and Pirani, José Rubens
- Subjects
- *
CACAO , *MALVACEAE , *TROPICAL forests , *TAXONOMY , *CACAO beans , *COTTON , *SECTS - Abstract
Theobroma (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae), the cacao genus, has a taxonomic history spanning over two centuries. Currently, it comprises 23 species of trees from lowland forests from the Tropical Americas. Herrania, a closely related genus described later, includes 17 additional species commonly referred to as "wild cacaos." Phylogenetic relationships and morphological circumscriptions between Theobroma and Herrania have been the subject of debate. While Herrania has traditionally been treated as a separate genus based on evident morphological differences in leaf and petal features, it shares similarities with Theobroma in terms of habit, inflorescence, and fruit types. Recent phylogenetic evidence, incorporating a broader taxonomic sampling and a total-evidence analysis, suggested that Theobroma is paraphyletic, with Herrania nested within it. This finding supports the restoration of a classical circumscription of Theobroma wherein Herrania is considered a section of the former genus. Here, we provide a detailed account of the taxonomic history at infrageneric levels and propose one new subsection, two names at new ranks (to better allocate the diversity within T. sect. Herrania), and nine new combinations encompassing this expanded circumscription of Theobroma. In our study, we delimit Theobroma with forty species divided into six sections: T. sect. Glossopetalum (14 spp.), T. sect. Herrania (17 spp.), T. sect. Oreanthes (5 spp.), T. sect. Rhytidocarpus (1 sp.), T. sect. Telmatocarpus (2 spp.), and T. sect. Theobroma (1 sp.). Furthermore, we recognize three subsections within T. sect. Herrania. Alongside these newly proposed changes, we present a section-level identification key and provide diagnostic characters for each taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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176. Shamanic alliance in the touristic borderzone: Strategic hospitality at Surama Eco‐Lodge in Guyana.
- Author
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Whitaker, James Andrew
- Subjects
SHAMANISM ,PARTICIPANT observation ,TOURIST attitudes ,ETHNOLOGY ,TOURISM ,AVERSION ,HOSPITALITY - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Anthropology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
177. Film cultures of conquest and domesticity: The family films of Silvino Santos and Agesilau de Araújo (1927-1929)
- Author
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Sampaio, Sofia
- Abstract
The article analyses Silvino Santos’s
Filmogramas , a collection of hitherto neglected domestic films the Portuguese-Brazilian filmmaker (1886-1970) made in the late 1920s while accompanying his employer’s family, the Araújos, in Portugal. Combining archival research, interviews, and film analysis, I reconnect the Amazonian and European experiences of (colonial) conquest and domesticity that Santos’s life trajectory and film production depict and embody. The aim is to move beyond regional and hagiographic historiographies and build a more critical and anthropologically informed entangled history of a figure and an epochal milieu that continue to permeate and shape contemporary understandings of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
178. Biparental incubation behaviour under temperature extremes in sandbank nesting black skimmers.
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Austad, Martin, Sand Sæbø, Jørgen, Steen, Ronny, Goodenough, Katharine S., Davenport, Lisa, and Haugaasen, Torbjørn
- Subjects
- *
CHRONOPHOTOGRAPHY , *WATER levels , *CIRCADIAN rhythms , *BIRD nests , *BLACK women , *EGG incubation - Abstract
Birds nesting on riverine beaches are exposed to large temperature fluctuations, while changing water levels pose flooding risks. We used miniature temperature loggers (iButtons®) placed in nests and on the beach surface combined with time‐lapse photography to study incubation behaviour in the black skimmer (Rynchops niger) on the Manu River, Peru. Since the species exhibits sexual size dimorphism, we could identify partner switches in images and the contribution to incubation effort by each pair member. Results of the study documented that nest temperature was less affected by ambient temperature and fluctuated less than the surroundings. Despite shorter incubation bouts at midday, black skimmers maintained a close to constant presence at the nest by more frequent nest exchanges. In fact, while female black skimmers generally incubated more and for longer than males, pairs shared incubation most consistently during the hottest part of the day. Incubation probability decreased around dusk, a peak foraging time for the species and a time when beach temperature overlapped with nest temperature. A biparental incubation strategy across the diel cycle appears to allow black skimmers breeding at the Manu River to incubate in challenging thermal conditions, but further studies are needed to determine proximity to thermal limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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179. From coca to cocoa: Conflicts, violence and hegemonic compromises in the turbulent Peruvian Amazonia settlement process: The case of Tocache.
- Author
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Coq-Huelva, Daniel, Higuchi, Angie, Arias-Gutiérrez, Ruth, and Alfalla-Luque, Rafaela
- Subjects
- *
COCOA , *WAR , *ALTERNATIVE crops , *VIOLENCE , *HEGEMONY , *FRAMES (Social sciences) , *MASCULINITY - Abstract
This article analyses the role of conventions, compromises and even violence in the intricate bio-social construction process of cocoa cultivation in the province of Tocache in the Peruvian Amazonia. This article discusses the different phases of the settlement process and its social, institutional and environmental bases. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the dramatic abandonment of coca cultivation and its replacement by alternative crops such as cocoa. Emphasis is placed on the centrality of agents' normative coherence and coordination. For over 50 years, the civic–market compromise has framed agents' discourses and actions, although it has sometimes been ostensibly distorted. This framing effect has also occurred in circumstances with considerable recourse to violence and armed conflict. Thus, this article focuses not only on justification processes but also on what happens 'after justification' and on how violent situations can coexist with discursive constructions with a relevant normative element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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180. Alimentando la ciudad y resistiéndola: los pueblos indígenas en el complejo urbano transfronterizo entre Brasil, Colombia y Perú en la Amazonía.
- Author
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Aponte Motta, Jorge, Rojas Correal, Allison, and de Carvalho Coutinho, Taciana
- Abstract
La Amazonia se divide entre nueve países. Sin embargo, las fronteras políticas no dividen los ecosistemas ni los habitantes de la región, pese a los innegables efectos regulatorios, la incidencia en las formas de habitar y relacionarse entre los diversos vecinos identificados 'nacionalmente' y sobre las prácticas que atraviesan las fronteras – las mismas que pueden entenderse como 'transfronterizas'. Por otra parte, las ciudades amazónicas han sido presentadas 'sin indios' y poco articuladas a redes y sistemas urbanos que a veces son transfronterizos. Cuando se habla de pueblos indígenas amazónicos, difícilmente se menciona su relación con las ciudades, confinándolos en ruralidades selváticas desligadas de lo urbano – obviando los procesos de producción del espacio atados a negociaciones y tensiones de carácter social, político y económico que se expresan en la íntima conexión de 'la ciudad' con 'el campo' y que definen procesos de urbanización. Por lo tanto, intentando ofrecer nuevas miradas, proponemos hacer visibles algunos vínculos entre los procesos de urbanización, las fronteras políticas y los pueblos indígenas en el Complejo Urbano Transfronterizo (CUT) configurado entre Benjamín Constant (Brasil), Caballo Cocha (Perú) y el par urbano de Leticia (Colombia) y Tabatinga (Brasil), en la Amazonia, haciendo énfasis particularmente en este último. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. How does climate change affect small scale fisheries? A case study of the Lower Amazon in Brazil.
- Author
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Furtado, Maura da Silva Costa, Queiroz, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa, Bentes, Bianca, Gouveia, Nelson de Almeida, de Lima, Marcus José Alves, Ruffino, Mauro Luis, and Isaac, Victoria
- Subjects
- *
SMALL-scale fisheries , *FISHERIES , *CLIMATE change , *OCEAN temperature , *MARINE parks & reserves ,EL Nino - Abstract
Effects of global climate change on inland artisanal fisheries have received little attention from scientists. We investigated fisheries of the Lower Amazon in Brazil using a wavelet analysis of a 13‐year data series of fishery catches, environmental variables, and climatic indices, to determine how these variables affected catches of different species. The catch per unit of effort (CPUE) of gillnet and line fisheries increased over time. Relative humidity, latent heat, and sea surface temperatures influenced productivity of both fisheries. El Niño had a negative and immediate effect on gillnet CPUE, while its effect on line fishing was positive, with an eight month lag. Our findings indicate that fishery productivity was modulated by climate events, which influenced ecosystems and modified habitats and ecological niches, andthereby impacted fishery productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Integrative taxonomy of the Iphisa elegansGray, 1851 species complex (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) leads to the description of five new species.
- Author
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Mello, Anna V Albano de, Recoder, Renato S, Fouquet, Antoine, Rodrigues, Miguel T, and Nunes, Pedro M S
- Subjects
- *
BIOLOGICAL classification , *SQUAMATA , *NUCLEAR DNA , *SPECIES , *RIPARIAN areas - Abstract
We reassessed the taxonomic status of lizards of the Iphisa elegans complex, a monotypic genus of Gymnophthalmidae, based on the congruence between mitochondrial DNA (Cytb) and nuclear DNA (c-mos and prlr) and characters of internal and external morphology, both quantitative and qualitative (meristic, morphometric and hemipenial), throughout its wide Amazonian distribution. The congruence of three species delimitation analyses (mPTP, bGMYC and ASAP), nuclear DNA topology and morphological evidence resulted in nine operational taxonomic units in the genus Iphisa. Besides being recovered as monophyletic groups in mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic trees, these nine operational taxonomic units can be distinguished by external and hemipenial morphology. Finally, we propose a new taxonomic rearrangement of the genus, whereby we: (i) restrict I. elegans to north-east Amazonia in the Guiana Shield and southwards, west from the Purus–Madeira interfluvium, on the right bank of the Amazon River; (ii) elevate Iphisa elegans soinii Dixon, 1974 to the specific level Iphisa soinii Dixon, 1974 comb. nov.; and (iii) name and describe five new species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. A Life in Fragments: The Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation of the Recently Described Parecis Plateau Titi Monkey (Plecturocebus parecis).
- Author
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Souza Mattos, Fabio, de Alencar, Thiago B., Boyle, Sarah A., Fleck, Guilherme, Ferreira Koolen, Hector Henrique, Pohlit, Adrian, Silva-Diogo, Odair, Gusmão, Almerio C., and Barnett, Adrian A.
- Subjects
- *
CHEMICAL composition of plants , *MONKEYS , *HABITAT modification , *FOREST declines , *REMOTE-sensing images , *PLANT species , *FOREST monitoring - Abstract
While some South American primates are well-studied, many are poorly known to science. This makes reports of their ecology very valuable, especially when the region inhabited is threatened by human activities. We combined data from three independent field studies to provide a better understanding of the behavior, ecology, chemical composition of plant items consumed, and conservation of the Parecis Plateau titi monkey (Plecturocebus parecis), a recently described species from the southern Amazonian Arc of Deforestation. Specifically, we collected behavioral data for eight groups over 8 months and quantified the monkeys' activity budget. To analyze the chemical compounds in the plants eaten, we used vanillin to determine condensed tannin and alkaline precipitation to quantify total alkaloid content. We also determined the extent of forest loss and fragmentation from 2000 to 2019 within the known range of the Parecis Plateau titi monkey using satellite imagery. We found that group size ranged 2–6 individuals, and the monkeys spent 31% of the day foraging, 22% resting, 19% feeding, 14% moving, and 14% in other activities. The monkeys ate 50 plant species from 24 families and appeared to be unusually tolerant of dietary tannins but avoided alkaloids. Habitat modification within the species' range has been extensive: forest cover declined by 16.1% in 2000–2019; the largest areas of continuous forest were reduced by 37.5%; mean fragment size decreased 67.5% (from 421.0–136.9 ha). Forest loss and fragmentation were most significant in the northern half of the species' range and its southern border. Given the Parecis Plateau titi monkey's tolerance for toxic dietary species, the intense modification of its geographic range, and its capacity to live in fragmented habitats, we recommend that future studies investigate these topics across all 37 species of titi monkeys. In addition, recordings of vocal repertoires will improve field surveys and help with population estimates, especially for titi monkey species living in geographic regions that have been heavily modified by humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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184. La tierra es el tiempo: narrativas de futuro entre campesinas andino-amazónicas.
- Author
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Bonilla Lozada, Saraya
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS of war , *ETHNOLOGY , *VIOLENCE , *AFFECT (Psychology) , *ANNOTATIONS , *PEASANTS - Abstract
This article reflects together with peasant women-defenders of the territory in Bajo Putumayo, in Southern Colombia. It resumes their narratives of the future and the understanding of time and space that they elaborate from their incarnated knowledge. Specifically, it articulates the affective experience that they live, with the life policies they build in their communities and implicate them to remain in the territory they currently inhabit in conditions of violence due to war and extractive economy. It considers anachronism as a position of resistance and emphasizes the materiality and density of time (the land) as a substrate for thinking about ways of relating outside of colonial and patriarchal relations of domination. This reflection assumes a qualitative methodology, it brings into account dialogues and own annotations through ethnographic techniques that give centrality to the subjective experience of peasant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. Images of movement: land, kinship, and history in the Upper Xingu.
- Author
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Guerreiro, Antonio
- Subjects
- *
FORCED migration , *KINSHIP , *LAND tenure , *EYEWITNESS accounts , *HUMAN beings , *INTERVENTION (Federal government) - Abstract
The aim of this article is to understand how the Kalapalo, a Carib-speaking people of the Upper Xingu (southern Amazon), describe their relationship with their traditional lands in narratives and personal accounts of their occupation of the area and forced displacement in the 1960's. Based on recorded narratives of their life at the old territory and subsequent displacement to what they consider to be a "foreign land", I will discuss how persons (humans as well as non-humans) are entangled in and by means of places. By bringing forward indigenous perspectives on the relations between land and people, and how these were transformed by the intervention of the Brazilian State, I expect this article to contribute to the understanding of Xinguano territoriality, as well as to debates about the indigenous concepts of "land" and "land ownership". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Evaluation of Environmental Contamination by Heavy Metals and Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk in a Population of Barcarena-PA.
- Author
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Rodrigues, Nahide Pinto, Costalat, Helenize Catarina Moreira, Rocha, Ronaldo Magno, do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola, Rosane, and de Oliveira Corvelo, Tereza Cristina
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,DISEASE risk factors ,STANDARD of living ,AGE groups ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,CHROMIUM ,ECOLOGICAL risk assessment ,HEAVY metals - Abstract
Heavy metals are widely used to sustain the living standards of the modern world. Due to their prevalence, the risk of human exposure is an increasing threat to public health as they can cause negative health effects, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this study, the objective was to evaluate clinical-epidemiological and biochemical parameters in relation to the overall risk score (ERG) of developing CVDs in 112 individuals aged 30 to 74 years living in the city of Barcarena-PA. The results of heavy metal contamination and biochemical parameters were applied in the ERG calculation. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted in the statistical tests. The values were high for chromium (Cr) (45.8%) and aluminum (Al) (98.6%). As for the ERG for CVDs, they obtained low risk (42%), medium risk (40%), and high risk (18%). In individuals with high ERG, a significant association was detected with increasing age group, in individuals ≥ 60 years (p < 0.0001). The relationship between concomitant Al and Cr intoxication and increased ERG was also significant (p = 0.0016). The probability of high cardiovascular risk among individuals contaminated by Al + Cr is higher than that of individuals contaminated by Al alone (p = 0.0074). Such evidence indicates that continuous environmental monitoring in the municipality of Barcarena is of extreme importance, since the population is in a situation of vulnerability in relation to their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. BEHAVIOUR, PRACTICES AND ATTITUDES OF FARMERS REGARDING THE USE OF PESTICIDES AT THE AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER IN THE SOUTH OF THE AMAZON STATE.
- Author
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Lessa de Souza, Aline and Viviana Waichman, Andrea
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL health ,PESTICIDES ,HEALTH behavior ,SAFETY ,ECOLOGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,FARMERS' attitudes ,NATURE & nurture ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Influence of flooding variability on the development of an Amazonian peatland.
- Author
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Sassoon, D., Fletcher, W. J., Roucoux, K. H., Ryan, P., Lawson, I. T., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Bishop, T., Åkesson, C. M., and Hastie, A.
- Subjects
PALMS ,ECOSYSTEM services ,PALEOECOLOGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,FLOODS ,PEATLANDS ,VEGETATION dynamics ,PEAT - Abstract
Peat in the Pastaza–Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB), northern Peru, forms beneath open wetlands, palm swamps, pole forests and seasonally flooded forests. These vegetation communities may represent different successional stages of peatlands, but the spatiotemporal patterns of peatland development in Amazonia are still poorly understood. We present a new geochemical and palaeoecological record spanning the last c. 4330 years from an open peatland (San Roque, core SAR_T3_03_B). Our results suggest the persistence of predominantly herbaceous vegetation communities at the core site since the start of peat accumulation (c. 3180 cal a bp). Micro‐X‐ray fluorescence core scanning provides evidence for episodes of fluvially derived minerogenic input and simultaneous increases in flood‐tolerant taxa relating to intervals of increased frequency and depth of riverine flooding. The establishment of Mauritia flexuosa palms from around 440 cal a bp coincided with a shift to lower flooding depth and frequency which continues to the present day. This study reveals the role of flooding variability in shaping peatland development and influencing vegetation succession in the PMFB, underlining the need to understand natural environmental variability for the conservation of these ecosystems due to their vital contributions to ecosystem services and carbon storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Expanding the Distribution of Prosthechea jauana (Orchidaceae) in the Pantepui and Highlighting the Urgent Need for Conservation Strategies in the Region in Face of Climate Change.
- Author
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Vieira, Tiago L., Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G., Acosta, André L., and van den Berg, Cássio
- Subjects
SPECIES distribution ,ORCHIDS ,BOTANY ,FUSIFORM gyrus - Abstract
Prosthechea jauana has been recognized as an orchid species endemic to the Venezuelan tepui. The first record of P. jauana in Brazil is presented here, also from a tepui in the Southern phytogeographical district of Pantepui in the Serra do Aracá, at the northern border of the Amazonas state. A detailed morphological description and images of the specimen are presented, as well as an updated distribution map, preliminary conservation status assessment, and taxonomic notes about the species. In addition, we provide species' distribution models for P. jauana based on current and future bioclimatic data. Future projections suggest that the geographic distribution of P. jauana will likely be severely affected, with ~79% of its suitable habitat being reduced by 2041–2060 and ~92% by 2061–2080. Prosthechea jauana could represent a flag species and an example of how climate change may affect the endemic Pantepui flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Amazonian avian biogeography: Broadscale patterns, microevolutionary processes, and habitat-specific models revealed by multidisciplinary approaches.
- Author
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Guimarães Capurucho, João Marcos, Musher, Lukas J., Lees, Alexander, Rego, Marco A., Del-Rio, Glaucia, Aleixo, Alexandre, Luzuriaga-Aveiga, Vanessa E., Ferreira, Mateus, Ribas, Camila C., and Thom, Gregory
- Subjects
- *
SUBSPECIES , *MICROEVOLUTION , *HABITATS , *GENOMES , *GENE flow - Abstract
Our understanding of Amazonian biogeography is quickly increasing, catalyzed by the growing use of genomic datasets, improved knowledge of species distributions, and the accumulation of new data on the geological and climatic history of the region. The high number of species in Amazonia and their intricate patterns of geographic distribution triggered the development of many diversification hypotheses that shaped historical biogeography as a discipline. Here, we present a historical overview of avian biogeographic studies in Amazonia, their recent advances, outstanding questions, and future directions. We focus on how new approaches have led to novel understandings of the distribution patterns and diversification processes that underpin avian diversity. We show how genomic tools are being used to establish new hypotheses about the drivers of diversification and highlight the importance of recent studies of birds in previously overlooked environments, such as floodplains and open vegetation enclaves. We emphasize the importance of gene flow, species traits, and habitat affinities in studying diversification processes to fully acknowledge the complexity of Amazonian ecosystems and their history. We then discuss the current gaps in Amazonian taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge, with a focus on the issues that we believe hinder our understanding of the field. Amazonia has been facing increasing levels of forest loss due to agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, mining, climate change, and illegal activities catalyzed by weak governance. To halt biodiversity loss, it is crucial to increase our knowledge of the natural history and biogeography of Amazonian species. We suggest increasing incentives for research and training at institutions based in the region, as well as the establishment of partnerships with governments, local communities, NGOs, and international institutions to bring diverse communities together to address crucial questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
191. COMUNICAMAZÔNIA: O JORNAL MURAL COMO FERRAMENTA DE EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO EM COMUNIDADES RIBEIRINHAS DA AMAZÔNIA.
- Author
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SABACK, LILIAN and SARGENTELLI, GIOVANA
- Abstract
Este artigo faz o registro da experiência de educomunicação com populações ribeirinhas da Amazônia, a partir do ensino da produção de jornais murais nas escolas locais. O trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa-ação realizada a partir da participação de uma das autoras no Projeto Doutores das Águas, em abril de 2024. O trabalho se apoia no conceito de educomunicação com a criação de uma apostila sobre gêneros jornalísticos, para crianças e adolescentes ribeirinhos, capaz de provocar o posicionamento crítico de comunidades invisíveis ao Estado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
192. DEPENDENCIA Y RESISTENCIA EN LA AMAZONÍA COLONIAL ECUATORIANA: UN ESTUDIO DE CUENTAS DE VIDRIO DE UNA URNA FUNERARIA.
- Author
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Viteri Toledo, Tamia and Mader, Christian
- Subjects
- *
GLASS beads , *COLONIES , *URNS , *FUNERAL industry , *ANTI-imperialist movements - Abstract
Glass beads found in pre-Hispanic and colonial archaeological contexts in the Ecuadorian Amazon have not been frequently reported in the academic literature. Yet the unique discovery of this type of objects in a funerary urn in the collections of the Museo Arqueológico y Centro Cultural de Orellana (MACCCO-EP), which has been catalogued as belonging to the Napo phase, allows us to emphasise their use in mortuary practices prevailing in a colonial context with strong asymmetrical dependencies. This article aims to present a typological analysis of this set of glass beads so as to discuss exchange networks and the uses given to this material of European origin in colonial society and in indigenous Amazonian societies. A comparison of the results with other sets of glass beads in the Americas indicates that they were widely used between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries in various Amazonian secondary burial contexts in urns, thus allowing for the renewal and resistance of these practices in the colonial, and possibly also in the republican period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. DIGNIDADE HUMANA NA AMAZÔNIA: O DIREITO À SEGURANÇA DOS POVOS DA FLORESTA E O PAPEL DO TRATADO DE COOPERAÇÃO AMAZÔNIC.
- Author
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de Almeida Lima, Alysson, Barbosa Filho, Nilzomar, and Tayah Lima, João Victor
- Published
- 2024
194. Desafios urbanísticos e fundiários na Amazônia: relato sobre soluções jurídicas para a titulação de agricultores urbanos e periurbanos em municípios no Estado do Pará.
- Author
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Santos Rocha, Ana Luisa and da Cunha Fischer, Luly Rodrigues
- Subjects
- *
URBAN agriculture , *URBAN planning , *LAND use laws - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
195. O IDEÁRIO AGOSTINIANO E AS MISSÕES JESUÍTICAS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA NO SÉCULO XVII.
- Author
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Figueiredo Santiago, Jéssica Dayane and Teixeira da Costa, Ruan Patrick
- Subjects
- *
JESUIT missions - Published
- 2024
196. ANÁLISES DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA A GARANTIA DO TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA NA CIDADE DE ITAITUBA (PARÁ, BRASIL).
- Author
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Paz de Aguiar, Wwyncla, Gonçalves Silva, Roseane, Santos Baima, Suede Fernanda, and de Souza Andrade, Ádanna
- Abstract
This paper aimed to present an analysis of public policies and the universal supply of drinking water in the municipality of Itaituba, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The methodology used was exploratory research, made possible through a bibliographic survey and interviews. In 2017, information from IBGE indicated that 46.53% of households in Itaituba were served with treated water supply services by the state (COSANPA) and municipal (CASITA) agencies. The survey found that 4,140 homes are supplied by CASITA, with untreated water. It was concluded that, in the municipality of Itaituba, public policies are still at a much lower level of execution, estimating that around 50% of the households in Itaituba do not receive drinking water from either agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
197. Small-scale spatial distribution of ghost shrimp and macrobenthic fauna in an Amazon macrotidal dissipative sandy beach.
- Author
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dos Santos, Thuareag Monteiro Trindade, Aviz, Daiane, and Souto Rosa Filho, José
- Subjects
- *
BEACHES , *INTERTIDAL zonation , *SPECIES diversity , *BENTHIC animals , *SHRIMPS - Abstract
Spatial changes in environmental characteristics strongly influence the structure of benthic communities on sandy beaches, where the patterns of occurrence are mainly controlled by morphodynamic characters and biological interactions. Despite being very abundant and extensive, the Amazonian sandy beaches are among the coastal environments less well known to science. On these beaches, the ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder and Rodrigues, 1993 is an important component of the intertidal macrofauna. The present study describes the small-scale distribution patterns of L. siriboia and of the macrobenthic communities in a dissipative macrotidal Amazonian sandy beach. Samples were collected in the intertidal zone of two areas: Area 1, next to a tidal channel; and Area 2, away from the tidal channel. In Area 1, with finer sediments, there was a higher burrow density of L. siriboia and higher density and species richness of macrofauna. In both areas, the burrow density of L. siriboia increased towards the sea. The faunal distribution patterns can be explained by changes in flooding and the type of substratum across the shore and alongshore. These findings add to our knowledge of tropical sandy beach ecology and reinforce the idea that tropical macrotidal beaches have a complexity of morphological features, which are drivers of macrofaunal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Comparison of treatments for cellulose pulp from agro-industrial wastes from the Amazon region.
- Author
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Panduro-Pisco, Grober, Stefani Amasifuen-Rengifo, Angie, Rubina-Arana, Edinson, and León Moreno, David
- Subjects
- *
CELLULOSE , *ETHANOL , *RICE hulls , *ORGANIC compounds , *SODIUM hydroxide , *AGRICULTURAL industries , *WATER purification , *DISTILLED water , *LIGNIN structure , *LIGNINS - Abstract
Agroindustrial waste (AIW) is a potential source of cellulose, which can be obtained through different treatments. In this study, we evaluated four delignification treatments (10% sodium hydroxide, 50% ethanol, distilled water, and 25% Mohr’s salt) to obtain cellulose pulp from four Amazonian AIWs (banana peel, cassava peel, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk). Our results showed that sodium hydroxide treatment had the highest lignin removal and increased cellulose content, while Mohr’s salt treatment had the lowest cellulose yield and lignin removal. Banana peel and rice husk had the highest cellulose yield, while cassava peel had the lowest. Distilled water treatment at medium temperature had similar lignin removal and cellulose yield to the sodium hydroxide and ethanol treatments. Our findings suggest that AIWs have great potential as a source of cellulose and that these economical, simple, and eco-friendly treatments can be used to obtain high-purity cellulose from AIWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. Fevered Returns: Indigeneity and Modernity in A febre.
- Author
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CAREY-WEBB, JESSICA
- Subjects
- *
MODERNITY , *INDIGENOUS peoples in motion pictures - Abstract
This article examines the portrayal of Indigenous people and the environment through film in Brazil. A febre, or The Fever, the 2019 Brazilian film written and directed by Maya Da-Rin, tells the story of a Desana man, Justino, who migrates to the Amazonian city of Manaus and works as a security guard at a cargo port. His daughter, an aspiring physician, lives with and takes care of him. As the film progresses, Justino experiences an intermittent fever with dreams and visions that call him back to his village at the edge of the forest. In this sense, modernity becomes a disease that pushes Justino to seek a closer relationship with nature. As a meditation on modernity and Indigeneity, the film reveals the toll of capitalism and the possibility of an alternative path. This article explores how, in using Indigenous concepts to question the rhetoric of modernity, A febre points to the uneven and unequal processes of modernity itself, and instead puts forward the possibility of rejecting modernity and consumerism entirely through a return to nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
200. A PRODUÇÃO DE FRANCISCO GOMES DE AMORIM SOBRE EMIGRAÇÃO EM PERIÓDICOS E CARTAS DO SÉCULO XIX.
- Author
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Prudente COSTA, Veronica
- Subjects
- *
EQUALITY , *NINETEENTH century , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *EBULLITION , *AUTHORS - Abstract
Francisco Gomes de Amorim (1827-1891), a Portuguese writer who emigrated to Amazonia in 1837, he lived several experiences that were later reported on his literary production and in the various contributions he made to periodicals, as well as in correspondence exchanges with his contemporaries. According to a compilation carried out by Costa Carvalho (2000), and in files available in Póvoa de Varzim, we can affirm that Gomes de Amorim had a broad vision on the themes he favored. Acording to a possible perspective for the 19th century, the author brought to light discussions that were boiling at that time, such as the social inequalities he experienced in Amazonia and the experience of Portuguese emigration to Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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