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FACEPE O câncer é considerado um grave problema de saúde, estimativas indicam o surgimento de 625 mil novos casos a cada ano do triênio 2020-2022 no Brasil. As terapias disponíveis para o tratamento do câncer apresentam algumas limitações como falta de seletividade e indução de efeitos colaterais. Neste sentido, a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas torna-se relevante. O DNA e a albumina sérica são biomoléculas investigadas para o tratamento do câncer, o DNA atua no controle das funções celulares, e a albumina sérica desempenha funções no transporte de substancias no organismo. Moléculas que possuem a porção tiazol têm sido amplamente investigadas, esse núcleo apresenta inúmeras atividades descritas na literatura, com promissoras atividades antitumorais. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho propôs a síntese, caracterização estrutural, estudos de interação e avaliação da atividade antitumoral de novos derivados tiazólicos. Foram sintetizados dez derivados tiazólicos inéditos que se diferenciam pelas substituições nas porções R₁ e R₂ da molécula, ambas tiveram suas estruturas químicas confirmadas pelas técnicas espectroscópicas de RMN ¹H, RMN C¹³, e infravermelho (IV). A investigação das interações com as biomoléculas foi realizada por meio de técnicas espectroscópicas de absorção UV-vis e fluorescência. Nos ensaios de interação com o ssDNA foram observados diferentes efeitos espectroscópicos como hipercrômico, hipocrômico e hipsocrômico, as constantes de afinidade (Kb) obtidas variaram entre 1.0 x 10⁷ e 1.55 x 10⁴, nos ensaios de fluorescência foram observados os efeitos hipocrômico, hipercrômico, hipsocrômico e batocrômico e os valores da constante de supressão fluorescente (Ksv) variaram entre 0.3 x 10⁴ e 1.01 x 10⁴, sugerindo que os compostos se ligam ao DNA pelos modos intercalativos e por ligação ao sulco. Na interação com a BSA no teste de absorção UV-vis foram observados os efeitos hipercrômico e hipsocrômico e os valores de Kb variaram entre 9.70 x 10⁴ e 1.49 x 10⁵, nos ensaios de emissão fluorescente os efeitos observados foram hipocrômico e hipsocrômico, e os valores de Ksv variaram entre 11.34 x 10⁴ e 0.88 x 10⁴, indicando que todos os compostos interagiram à BSA. Se destacaram nas interações os LQIT-KLT’S 01, 03 e 06 que são substituídos na porção R₁ pelos grupamentos H₃SO2, CF₂ e OCF₃ respectivamente e na porção R₂ pelo grupamento Br (KLT’S 01 e 03). A atividade antiproliferativa foi avaliada frente a linhagem celular de câncer de mama (MCF-7) e a linhagem não transformada de macrófago (J774), por meio da técnica de MTT. Neste ensaio os derivados KLT’S 01, 03 e 06 apresentaram os melhores valores de IC₅₀ frente a linhagem celular MCF-7 com 0,29, 0,52 e 0,60 µM respectivamente. No ensaio de citotoxicidade frente aos macrófagos, os melhores derivados foram os compostos KLT-02 e KLT-08, com valores de viabilidade celular de 100% e 60,16% respectivamente. O destaque deste estudo foi o derivado KLT-01, com valores satisfatórios de interação ao DNA e de citotoxicidade, frente a linhagem tumoral MCF-7, todavia, os resultados mostram que os derivados tiazólicos são promissores agentes antitumorais e que o padrão de substituição influencia de forma positiva nos resultados. Cancer is considered a serious health problem, estimates indicate the emergence of 625 thousand new cases each year of the 2020-2022 triennium in Brazil. The therapies available for the treatment of cancer have some limitations such as lack of selectivity and induction of side effects. In this sense, the search for new therapeutic alternatives becomes relevant. DNA and serum albumin are biomolecules investigated for the treatment of cancer, DNA acts to control cellular functions, and serum albumin plays a role in the transport of substances in the body. Molecules that have the thiazole portion have been extensively investigated, this nucleus has numerous activities described in the literature, with promising antitumor activities. In this perspective, this work proposed the synthesis, structural characterization, interaction studies and evaluation of the antitumor activity of new thiazolic derivatives. Ten unpublished thiazolic derivatives were synthesized that differ by substitutions in the R₁ and R₂ portions of the molecule, both had their chemical structures confirmed by ¹H NMR, C ¹³ NMR, and infrared (IV) spectroscopic techniques. The investigation of interactions with biomolecules was performed using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. In the assays of interaction with the ssDNA different spectroscopic effects were observed, such as hyperchromic, hypochromic and hypsochromic, the affinity constants (Kb) obtained varied between 1.0 x 10 ⁷ and 1.55 x 10⁴, in the fluorescence tests the hypochromic, hyperchromic, hypsochromic effects were observed and bathochromic and the values of the fluorescent suppression constant (Ksv) varied between 0.3 x 10⁴ and 1.01 x 10⁴, suggesting that the compounds bind to DNA by intercalative and groove binding methods. In the interaction with the BSA in the UV-vis absorption test, the hyperchromic and hypsochromic effects were observed and the Kb values varied between 9.70 x 10⁴ and 1.49 x 10⁵, in the fluorescent emission tests the observed effects were hypochromic and hypsochromic, and the values of Ksv varied between 11.34 x 10⁴ and 0.88 x 10⁴, indicating that all compounds interacted with BSA. The LQIT-KLT'S 01, 03 and 06 stood out in the interactions, which are replaced in the R₁ portion by the CH₃SO₂, CF₃ and OCF₃ groups respectively and in the R₂ portion by the Br (KLT’S 01 and 03) group. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the non-transformed macrophage line (J774), using the MTT technique. In this assay, the KLT'S derivatives 01, 03 and 06 showed the best IC₅₀ values compared to the MCF-7 cell line with 0.29, 0.52 and 0.60 µM respectively. In the cytotoxicity assay against macrophages, the best derivatives were compounds KLT-02 and KLT-08, with cell viability values of 100% and 60.16% respectively. The highlight of this study was the KLT-01 derivative, with satisfactory values of DNA interaction and cytotoxicity, compared to the tumor line MCF-7, however, the results show that thiazolic derivatives are promising antitumor agents and that the substitution pattern influences positively in the results.

The immobilization of biomolecules at screen printed electrodes for biosensing applications is still an open challenge. To enrich the toolbox of bioelectrochemists, graphite screen printed electrodes (G-SPE) were modified with an electropolymerized film of pyrrole-2-carboxilic acid (Py-2-COOH), a pyrrole derivative rich in carboxylic acid functional groups. These functionalities are suitable for the covalent immobilization of biomolecular recognition layers. The electropolymerization was first optimized to obtain stable and conductive polymeric films, comparing two different electrolytes: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium perchlorate. The G-SPE modified with Py-2-COOH in 0.1 M SDS solution showed the required properties and were further tested. A proof-of-concept study for the development of an impedimetric sensor for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was carried out using the delipidated human serum albumin (hSA) as bioreceptor. The data interpretation was supported by size exclusion chromatography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) analysis of the bioreceptor-target complex and the preliminary results suggest the possibility to further develop this biosensing strategy for toxicological and analytical studies.

Agradecimentos: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, grants #302793/2016-0, #305541/2017-0 and #302769/2018-8), National Institute of Science and Technology - INCT BioNat, grant #465637/2014-0, and the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, grants# 2014/50926-0, #2015/22338-9, #2016/20549-5, #2015/00615-0 and #2018/14506-7) Abstract: A novel aminoquinoline derivative (AQ) was synthesized and applied as a solvatochromic fluorescent probe to study proteins and their alterations. AQ is not fluorescent in aqueous solution but has its fluorescence quantum yield significantly increased upon binding to albumin. The generation of an induced circular dichroism signal in AQ confirmed the complexation. The Job's plot method revealed an 1:1 stoichiometry for the host-guest complex. The binding constant was determined by AQ fluorescence increase (2.7 × 105 mol-1 L) and by protein intrinsic fluorescence quenching (5.1 × 105 mol-1 L). The displacement of AQ from albumin by warfarin and ibuprofen showed that Sudlow's drug site-I is the preferential binding site. By applying the Bilot-Kawski solvatochromic model to the spectral shifts of fifteen solvents, the microenvironment dielectric constant at albumin site-I was estimated (e = 14.8). In agreement, the average fluorescence lifetime of AQ complexed with albumin (6.11 ns) was close to dichloromethane (6.53 ns) and acetone (6.34 ns), which have dielectric constants of 8.9 and 21.0, respectively. Albumin was thermically treated to formation of amyloid fibril aggregates. AQ was able to differentiate the altered and native protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-induced aggregation of lysozyme to amyloid fibril was also efficiently detected by the AQ fluorescence increase. AQ was as efficient as the chromogenic bromocresol purple in the quantitative analysis of albumin. In conclusion, AQ can be considered a new solvatochromic fluorescent probe with several potential applications CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Fechado

[ES] Las enfermedades hepáticas desde sus inicios han centrado su diagnóstico en la biopsia hepática consagrada como la prueba de referencia de diagnóstico médico para el estudio del hígado de forma directa mediante la invasión en el órgano. Los antagonistas de la biopsia hepática son las técnicas indirectas como los marcadores serológicos y las técnicas no invasivas basadas en imagen médica que emplean el fenómeno de los ultrasonidos, la resonancia magnética nuclear y los rayos X. El enfoque de la medicina hacia técnicas mínimamente invasivas como la resonancia magnética se fundamenta en el estudio de biomarcadores que permitan, una vez que sean evaluados, confirmar el diagnóstico de la fibrosis, esteatosis y sobrecarga de hierro sobre imágenes de resonancia magnética. La fibrosis se ha valorado con mapas T1 que previamente han sido calibrados con fantomas de albúmina, en la esteatosis se ha empleado la técnica Dixon potenciada en T1 que se basa en el desplazamiento químico de los protones del agua y de la grasa para el cálculo de la fracción de grasa hepática y en la sobrecarga de hierro se ha estimado la relajación de T2* que se correlaciona con las concentraciones de hierro en la secuencia multieco potenciada en T1. El protocolo de adquisición consta finalmente de 4 secuencias de resonancia y se ha llevado a cabo en el equipo de resonancia MAGNETOM VIDA 3T de Siemens Healthineers sobre un conjunto de pacientes cuyos datos han sido proporcionados por la empresa ASCIRES Grupo Biomédico. El análisis de los biomarcadores en el procesado de las imágenes médicas se ha realizado con las herramientas software RadiAnt DICOM Viewer para la fibrosis y la esteatosis y MRQuantif para la sobrecarga de hierro., [EN] Liver diseases since their beginnings have focused their diagnosis on liver biopsy, which has been established as the medical diagnostic reference test for the study of the liver directly through the organ. The antagonists of liver biopsy are indirect techniques such as serological markers and non-invasive techniques based on medical imaging that employ ultrasounds, MRI and X-rays. The approach of medicine to minimally invasive techniques such as MRI is based on the study of biomarkers that allow, once they are evaluated, to confirm the diagnosis of fibrosis, steatosis and iron overload on magnetic resonance imaging. The study of these biological indicators focuses on defining the magnetic resonance sequences that make up an acquisition protocol for the determination of fibrosis, steatosis and iron overload. Fibrosis has been evaluated with T1 maps that have been previously calibrated with albumin phantoms. In steatosis, the T1-weighted Dixon technique has been used, which is based on the chemical displacement of protons in water and fat to calculate the liver fat fraction, and in the iron overload the T2* relaxation has been estimated, which correlates with the iron concentrations in the T1-weighted multiecho sequence. The acquisition protocol finally consists of 4 resonance sequences and it has been carried out in the Siemens Healthineers MAGNETOM VIDA 3T MRI scanner on a set of patients whose data has been provided by the company ASCIRES Grupo Biomédico. The analysis of biomarkers in the processing of medical images has been carried out with the software tools RadiAnt DICOM Viewer for fibrosis and steatosis and MRQuantif for iron overload.

Effective resuscitation with human albumin solutions is achieved with less fluid than with crystalloid solutions. However, the role of albumin in today's critical care unit is also linked to its multiple pharmacological effects. Areas covered: The potential clinical benefits of albumin in select populations of critically ill patients like sepsis seem related to immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, antibiotic transportation and endothelial stabilization. Albumin transports many drugs used in critically ill patients. Such binding to albumin is frequently lessened in critically ill patients with hypoalbuminemia. These changes could result in sub-optimal treatment. Albumin has immunomodulatory capacity by binding several bacterial products. Albumin also influences vascular integrity, contributing to the maintenance of the normal capillary permeability. Moreover, the albumin molecule encompasses several antioxidant properties, thereby significantly reducing re-oxygenation injury, which is especially important in sepsis. In fact, most studies of albumin administration are a combination of a degree of resuscitation with a degree of maintenance or supplementation of albumin. Expert commentary: The potential clinical benefits of the use of albumin in selected critically ill patients such as sepsis seem related to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties, antibiotic transportation and endothelial stabilization. Additional studies are warranted to further elucidate the underlying physiologic and molecular rationale.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In 2004, the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA) published a resolution establishing guidelines for albumin use. Although the published data do not indicate any definitive conclusions about the benefits of albumin use in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), the guidelines recommend this procedure only in cases of edema that is refractory to use of diuretics. The aim here was to analyze albumin use among patients with nephrotic syndrome. DESIGN AND SETTING: Pharmacoeconomic study conducted in four large public referral hospitals for nephrology services in northeastern Brazil. METHOD: Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility economic evaluations were performed on a concurrent cohort of patients with nephrotic syndrome, who were divided into two groups according to compliance or noncompliance with the guidelines. Quality-of-life data were obtained from the SF36 and CHQ-PF50 questionnaires. RESULTS: This study enrolled 109 patients (60% adults and 56% women); 41.3% were using albumin in accordance with the guidelines. The weight, diuresis and fluid balance parameters were more cost-effective for patients who adhered to the guidelines. Regarding days of hospitalization avoided, the incremental ratio showed a daily cost of R$ 55.33, and guideline-compliant patients were hospitalized for five days or fewer. The quality of life improved by 8%, and savings of R$ 3,458.13/QALY (quality-adjusted life year) for the healthcare system were generated through guideline compliance. CONCLUSION: The economic analyses of this study demonstrated that there were greater cost benefits for patients whose treatment followed the guidelines. RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Em 2004, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) publicou uma resolução que estabelece diretrizes para o uso de albumina. Embora os dados publicados não indiquem conclusões definitivas sobre os benefícios do uso de albumina em pacientes com síndrome nefrótica (SN), a diretriz recomenda o procedimento apenas em casos de edema refratário ao uso de diuréticos. O objetivo aqui foi analisar o uso de albumina em pacientes com síndrome nefrótica. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo farmacoeconômico realizado em quatro grandes hospitais públicos de referência em serviços de nefrologia no nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas avaliações econômicas do tipo custo-efetividade e custo-utilidade em uma coorte concorrente de pacientes com síndrome nefrótica, divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o cumprimento ou descumprimento das diretrizes. Dados de qualidade de vida foram obtidos a partir dos questionários SF36 e CHQ-PF50. RESULTADOS: Este estudo incluiu 109 pacientes (60% adultos e 56% mulheres); 41,3% estavam usando albumina conforme as diretrizes. Os parâmetros de peso, diurese e balanço hídrico foram mais custo-efetivos para pacientes que aderiram às diretrizes. Quanto a dias de internação evitados, a razão incremental mostrou um custo diário de R$ 55,33, sendo que os pacientes que seguiram as diretrizes ficaram cinco dias a menos internados. A qualidade de vida melhorou 8%, gerando economia de R$ 3,458.13/QALY (quality-adjusted life year) para o sistema de saúde por meio do cumprimento das diretrizes. CONCLUSÃO: As análises econômicas deste estudo demonstraram maiores benefícios em termos de custo para os pacientes cujo tratamento seguiu as diretrizes.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been recognized as a marker of the cow's health, milk quality, an allergenic protein and as a carrier. Its detection is important in the food, pharmaceutical and medical industries. However, traditional techniques used to detect BSA are often time-consuming, expensive, and show limited sensitivity. This paper describes properties of polydiacetylene-triblock copolymer (L64) nanosensors, synthesized to easily detect BSA. Sensor efficiency was studied as a function of nanosensor composition, polydiacetylene chemical structures, BSA conformation and hydrophobic domain availability, using spectroscopic, calorimetric, light scattering, and electrokinetic analyses. Nanosensors were sensitive to detect the average BSA concentration of milk and dairy products and discriminated between native and denatured protein through naked-eye detectable blue-to-red transition. The standard Gibbs free energy (− 10.44 < ΔG° < − 49.52 kJ M), stoichiometry complex (1 < “n” < 3), and binding constant (6.7 × 102 < Ka < 4.79 × 108 M− 1) of BSA-nanosensor complex formation established a direct relationship between nanosensor response and BSA-nanosensor interaction. BSA-nanosensor interaction was entropically (without cholesterol), and enthalpically driven (with cholesterol). Eugenol-BSA complex did not induce colorimetric transition. Polydiacetylene-L64 nanosensors are potential low-cost sensors for rapid detection of BSA, discriminating between native/denatured and free/bound protein.

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes quantidades de alginato (0,75, 1,50 e 2,25 % m/m) e de íons cálcio (1,50, 3,00 e 4,50 %) na produção de micropartículas e na estabilidade oxidativa do azeite Sacha inchi microencapsulado por gelificação iônica, recobertas por interação eletrostática com ovoalbumina. As micropartículas foram produzidas em temperatura ambiente com uso de atomizador duplo fluido com vazão de ar 30 L/min e vazão da emulsão 3,34 ml/min. O índice de acidez do azeite foi de 6,50 (mg KOH/g), o de iodo 47,96 (100g I2 g -1) e o de peróxido 1,73 (meq Kg). A atividade antioxidante do azeite, determinada por compostos fenólicos, foi de 164,44; 211,29 e de 668,21, expressos em µM Trolox/g quando os métodos ABTS, DPPH e FRAP foram utilizados respectivamente. O azeite apresentou em sua composição 90,5 % (m/m) de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (45,5% de ácido linolênico, C18:3 (m/m), 35,1% de ácido linoleico, C18:2 (m/m) e 15 outros ácidos graxos presentes em pequenas quantidades). As quantidades de cálcio, determinadas por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, variaram entre 117,2 a 185,94 mgCa/g.partículas. A eficiência de encapsulação, determinada pelo Bligh e Dyer, foi de 72,38 %. O tamanho médio das partículas sem proteína foi de 239 µm, e 309 µm para partículas com proteínas, enquanto o maior diâmetro médio foi obtido para partículas produzidas com 1,5% de alginato e 4,5% de cálcio. A polidispersidade (índice Span) variou entre 2,32 e 3,37, com menores valores de Span observados para micropartículas recobertas. A avaliação morfológica das micropartículas úmidas feita por microscopia ótica indicou que 0,75% de alginato de sódio não foi suficiente para produzir micropartículas esféricas, para as outras concentrações de alginato (1,50% e 2,25%), em qualquer das concentrações de cálcio estudadas, as micropartículas obtidas apresentaram-se esféricas, com paredes contínuas e distribuição do azeite encapsulado por toda a matriz das micropartículas. Micropartículas sem recobrimento apresentaram potencial zeta entre -22,5 mV e -36,4 mV, e com recobrimento em pH 4, submetidas a uma moagem para diminuição de seu tamanho médio, apresentaram potencial zeta entre -13,3 mV e -32,9 mV. Quantidades altas de proteínas foram adsorvidas pelas micropartículas, variando entre 51,8 % a 70,9 % (base seca, proteína bruta), com maior adsorção proteica observada quando 1,5% de cloreto de cálcio e 1,5% de alginato de sódio foram utilizados. A alta quantidade de proteína adsorvida pode melhorar a proteção contra condições de pH, luz e oxigênio que possam ser deletérias ao material microencapsulado. Análise de estabilidade oxidativa indica uma elevação nos índices de peróxido em função do armazenamento para as micropartículas sem e com recobrimento proteico, havendo diminuição nos valores no final do período de análise. In this work we evaluated the effects of different amounts of sodium alginate (0.75, 1.50 and 2.25% w/w) and calcium ions (1.50, 3.00 and 4.50%) on microparticle production and oxidative stability of microencapsulated Sacha inchi oil by ion gelation, coated by electrostatic interaction with egg albumin. The microparticles were produced at room temperature using a double fluid atomizer with 30 L/min the flow of air and 3.34 mL/min the flow of emulsion. The acidity index of the Sacha inchi oil was 6.50 (mg KOH/g), iodine 47.96 (100g I2 g -1 ) and peroxide 1.73 (meq Kg). The antioxidant activity of Sacha inchi oil, possibly determined by phenolic compounds, was 164.44, 211.29 and 668.21, expressed in µM Trolox/g when ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods were used respectively. In its composition 90.5% (w/w) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (45.5% of linolenic acid, C18:3 (w/w), 35.1% of linoleic acid, C18:2 (w/w) and 15 other fatty acids present in small quantities). The amounts of calcium, determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, ranged from 117,2 a 185,94 mgCa/g.particles. The encapsulation efficiency, determined by Bligh and Dyer, was 72.38 %. The average size of particles without protein was 239 µm and 309 µm for particles with proteins while the largest mean diameter was obtained for particles produced with 1.5% sodium alginate and 4.5% calcium. The polydispersity (Span index) ranged from 2.32 to 3.37, with lower Span values observed for coated microparticles. Morphological evaluation of wet microparticles by light microscopy indicated that 0.75% of sodium alginate was not sufficient to produce spherical microparticles for the other sodium alginate concentrations (1.50% and 2.25%) at either concentration, the calcium microparticles were spherical, with continuous walls and encapsulated Sacha inchi oil distribution throughout the microparticle matrix. Uncoated microparticles showed zeta potential between -22.5 mV and -36.4 mV, and with pH 4 coating, subjected to a grinding to decrease their average size, presented zeta potential between -13.3 mV and -32.9 mV. High amounts of proteins were adsorbed by the microparticles, ranging from 51.8% to 70.9% (dry basis, crude protein), with higher protein adsorption observed when 1.5% calcium chloride and 1.5% sodium alginate were used. The high amount of adsorbed protein can improve protection against pH, light and oxygen conditions that may be deleterious to microencapsulated material. Oxidative stability analysis indicates an increase in peroxide indices as a function of storage for protein-free and protein-coated microparticles, with a decrease in values at the end of the analysis period.

Este trabajo analiza las proteínas séricas de bovinos procedentes de un rodeo con paratuberculosis endémica, enfermedad infecciosa asociada a diarrea, pérdida de estado corporal, caquexia y muerte. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos a partir de un grupo de animales positivos a tres pruebas diagnósticas de paratuberculosis con otro grupo negativo. Las pruebas utilizadas para formar los grupos fueron el cultivo micobacteriológico de materia fecal, la inoculación intradérmica con tuberculina aviar y un ELISA indirecto para detección de anticuerpos en suero. La concentración de las proteínas séricas y sus fracciones se analizaron mediante colorimetría y electroforesis. Los intervalos de credibilidad bayesianos fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los grupos positivo y negativo a las pruebas diagnósticas, con menores concentraciones de albúmina y mayor concentración de gammaglobulina. La relación albúmina/globulina también presentó diferencias significativas, con disminución de la relación en el grupo positivo. Las fracciones proteicas alfa y beta no presentaron diferencias. La disminución de albúmina en el grupo de animales positivos justifica la reducción de la eficiencia productiva y enfatiza la conveniencia de segregarlos animales positivos, no solo por las pérdidas económicas asociada a la enfermedad, sino también como una medida de control para evitar la difusión de la misma., Bovine serum proteins were analyzed in sera from bovines from a herd with endemic paratuberculosis, an infectious disease associated with diarrhea, loss of body condition, cachexia and death. A group of negative animals was compared with a group of positive animals to 3 diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis (mycobateriological culture of feces, intradermal inoculation of avian tuberculin and antibody detection by indirect ELISA). Serum protein concentrations and their different fractions were analyzed by the colorimetric method and electrophoresis. Bayesian credible intervals were statistically different, with a lower albumin concentration and higher gamma globulin concentration in the positive group compared to the negative group. The albumin/globulin ratio was also statistically different with decreased ratio in the positive group. No statistical differences were observed in alpha and beta protein fractions. The decreased albumin in the positive group partly explains the poor productive performance and emphasizes the convenience to test and cull positive animals not only to avoid economic losses, but also as a control measure to reduce dissemination of the disease., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

Estudou-se a secagem das espumas de bananas verde e madura com albumina, considerando como variáveis independentes a concentração de albumina (2,5; 5,0 e 7,5%), temperatura de secagem (60, 70 e 80 °C) e a espessura da camada de espuma (0,8; 1,3 e 1,8 ± 0,02 cm). Os experimentos foram realizados conforme um planejamento experimental 33 , com 2 repetições no ponto central. Investigou-se o efeito da concentração de albumina e do tempo de batimento na densidade e expansão das espumas. Foram obtidas as curvas de secagem e ajustados os modelos de Page e Midilli, aos dados experimentais de razão de umidade em função do tempo ao longo de todo o período de secagem e o modelo Fick aos dados do período de taxa decrescente. Avaliou-se o efeito da temperatura (60°C, 70°C, e 80°C) sobre as características físico químicas dos pós obtidos na secagem das espumas com 5% de albumina e espessura de 0,8 cm. Determinou-se a umidade, o teor de sólidos solúveis, pH, atividade de água, solubilidade e higroscopiscidade dos pós. Além da composição nutricional foram analisados os teores de ácido ascórbico e compostos fenólicos e a capacidade antioxidante dos produtos em pó. O tempo de batimento e a concentração que resultou na maior expansão foram 4 minutos e 5% de albumina. Identificaram-se em todas as curvas de secagem um período de taxa constante e outro de taxa decrescente. Os efeitos das variáveis independentes sobre os parâmetros de secagem foram avaliados, observando-se através das análises estatísticas o efeito da temperatura e espessura nas taxas de secagem tanto no período de taxa constante, como na taxa média de secagem considerando os períodos de taxas constante e decrescente. As variáveis de operação apresentaram efeitos significativos sobre a difusividade efetiva, entretanto foram verificados efeitos opostos da concentração de albumina e espessura para as bananas verde e madura. Para ambas os estágios de maturação, os pós resultantes da secagem das espumas e da liofilização apresentaram umidade e atividade de água baixas e características não higroscópicas, concluindo-se que a caracterização dos mesmos atende as normas brasileiras estabelecidas para produtos agroindustriais. A análise sensorial mostrou que a formulação de uma vitamina com adição de 30% do pó da banana madura e leite estatisticamente não diferiu em sabor da mistura elaborada com banana in natura e leite. The drying of green and ripe banana foams with the addition of albumin was studied, considering albumin concentration (2.5; 5.0 and 7.5%), drying temperature (60, 70 and 80 °) as independent variables. C) and the thickness of the foam layer (0.8; 1.3 and 1.8 ± 0.02 cm). The experiments were carried out according to an experimental plan 33 , with 2 repetitions at the central point. The effect of albumin concentration and beat time on foam density and expansion was investigated. The drying curves were drawn and the Page and Midilli models were adjusted to the experimental data of humidity ratio as a function of time throughout the drying period and the Fick model to those of the decreasing rate period. It evaluated the effect of temperatures (60 ° C, 70 ° C, and 80 ° C) on the physical and chemical characteristics of the powders obtained from drying the foams with 5% albumin and 0.8 cm thickness. Moisture, soluble solids content, pH, proximate composition, water activity, apparent and tested density, fluidity, solubility and hygroscopicity of the powders were determined, in addition to the ascorbic acid content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The beating time and concentration that resulted in the greatest expansion was 4 minutes and 5% albumin. A period of constant rate and another of decreasing rate were identified in all drying curves. The effects of the independent variables on the drying parameters were evaluated, observing through the statistical analysis the effect of temperature and thickness on the drying rates both in the period of constant rate, and in the average rate of drying considering the periods of constant rates and decreasing. The operating variables showed significant effects on the effective diffusivity, however, opposite effects of albumin concentration and thickness were verified for green and ripe bananas. For both fruits, the powders resulting from drying the foams and freeze-drying showed low humidity, water activity and non-hygroscopic, concluding that the characterization of the banana powders was satisfactory and is in accordance with the Brazilian standards established for agro-industrial products. Sensory analysis showed that the formulation of a vitamin with the addition of 30% of the ripe banana powder and milk did not differ in flavor from the mixture made with fresh banana and milk.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019 Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-04T22:59:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-20 Universitas Veterinaria et Pharmaceutica Brunensis, Brno, Czech Republic; Farmácia Joleni; Hospital Curry Cabral

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Objetivo: A válvula de uretra posterior (VUP) é uma anomalia congênita, caracterizada por uma estrutura membranosa, localizada na mucosa do assoalho da porção prostática da uretra posterior masculina. Uma alta porcentagem de pacientes com válvula de uretra posterior evolui para doença renal em estágio final. Estudos anteriores mostraram que citocinas, quimiocinas e componentes do sistema renina-angiotensina contribuem para o dano renal em uropatias obstrutivas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo medir os níveis de biomarcadores na urina de fetos com VUP e comparar com os níveis das mesmas moléculas em recém-nascidos prematuros saudáveis do sexo masculino. Métodos: Amostras de urina de 43 fetos com válvula de uretra posterior foram coletadas e comparadas com amostras de urina de 40 recém-nascidos saudáveis de mesma idade gestacional (controles). Os níveis dos biomarcadores tubulares e glomerulares foram medidos por kits de ensaios MILLIPLEX®. As moléculas medidas foram: Osteoprotegerina (OPN), Calbidina, Molécula de Lesão Renal 1 (KIM-1), Proteína 1 de ligação a ácidos graxos (FABP-1), Fator de trefoil 3 (TFF-3), Albumina, Clusterina e Fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGF). Os dados foram analisados no software GraphPad Prism versão 6.0. Resultados: Os fetos VUP apresentaram redução significativa dos níveis urinários de EGF, OPN, Calbidina, Osteoactivina, KIM-1, FABP-1, TFF-3 em comparação aos controles. Conclusão: O comprometimento estrutural e funcional precoce renal influenciou a síntese de moléculas glomerulares e tubulares relacionadas à fisiologia renal em fetos com VUP. Objective: The posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a congenital anomaly characterized by a membranous structure located in the mucosa of the floor of the prostatic portion of the male posterior urethra. A high percentage of patients with posterior urethral valves develop end-stage renal disease. Previous studies have shown that cytokines, chemokines, and renin-angiotensin system components contribute to renal damage in obstructive uropathies. The present study aimed to measure the levels of urinary biomarkers of fetuses with PUV and compare with the levels of the same molecules in healthy male premature newborns. Methods: Urine samples from 43 fetuses with posterior urethral valve were collected and compared with urine samples from 40 healthy newborns of the same gestational age (controls). Tubular and glomerular biomarker levels were measured by MILLIPLEX® assay kits. The measures molecules were: Osteoprotegerin (OPN), Calbidina Molecule Renal Injury 1 (KIM-1), Protein 1 to fatty acid binding (FABP-1), factor of trefoil 3 (TFF-3), Albumin, Clusterin and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Data were analyzed with the software GraphPad Prism version 6 .0. Results: The PUV Fetuses showed significant reduction in urinary levels of EGF, OPN, Calbidin, Osteoactivin, KIM-1, FABP-1 and TFF-3 compared to controls. Conclusion: Early renal structural and functional impairment influenced the synthesis of glomerular and tubular molecules related to renal physiology in fetuses with PUV.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária Right Dorsal Colitis is a frequent ulcerative inflammatory and ulcerative disease of the right dorsal colon (RDC) in horses, accompanied by protein loss, due to a compromised intestinal wall, usually associated with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the wall thickness of the RDC in healthy horses (group A) and in horses under NSAIDs treatment (group B) through a transabdominal ultrasound, together with serum measurement of total protein and albumin before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. For each animal the age, gender, breed, and the identification of the intercostal space (ICS) were recorded. The association between the studied parameters was investigated. For this, ultrasound scans were performed on all military horses of the 4th Esquadrão of Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) for 6 months, which for medical reasons required a NSAID treatment. All horses were Puro Sangue Lusitano (PSL) with a mean age of 11,02 +/- 6,37 years and both genders. Group A included 26 horses, and group B, 22 horses. Overall, the average wall thickness of the RDC was 2,7 +/- 0,76 mm, with the best visualization on 12th, 13th and 14th ICS right sided. Age was the only parameter with a significant positive influence on the RDC wall thickness, with p-value = 0,0247, at T1, indicating an increase in RDC wall thickness with increasing age of the animal. From linear regression, the following equation was obtained: Y = 2,17037 + 0,03926X, where X = age, in years, and Y = mean RDC wall thickness, mm. Gender, breed, PT, Alb, and type of NSAIDs was not statistically significant on the mean wall thickness of the RDC. The duration of NSAID treatment in days showed a statistically significant effect (p-value = 0,049), in other words, the wall thickness of the RDC increases with the duration of NSAID treatment. To the authors knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that the age of the animal and the duration of NSAID treatment have a significant effect on the wall thickness of the right dorsal colon, although others studies need to evaluate the effect of these parameters on others horse’s breed. RESUMO - Avaliação ultrassonográfica do Cólon Dorsal Direito em Equinos - A Colite Dorsal Direita é uma enteropatia inflamatória e ulcerativa frequente do cólon dorsal direito (CDD) em equinos, onde existe perda de proteínas através de uma parede intestinal comprometida, habitualmente associada a uma administração de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs). O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi o de avaliar a espessura da parede do CDD em cavalos saudáveis (grupo A) e sob o tratamento (grupo B) com AINEs, através da ecografia transabdominal, juntamente com valor das proteínas totais e albumina séricas, antes (T1) e depois (T2) do tratamento. Para cada animal foi registado a idade, género e raça, e o espaço intercostal (EIC) onde foi visualizado o CDD. A associação entre os parâmetros estudados foi investigada. Para isso foram realizadas ecografias a todos os cavalos militares do 4º Esquadrão da Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), durante 6 meses, que por razões médicas necessitaram de um tratamento com AINEs. Todos os cavalos foram Puro Sangue Lusitanos (PSL) com uma média de idade de 11,02 +/- 6,37 anos e de ambos os géneros. O grupo A é constituído por 26 cavalos, e o grupo B por 22 cavalos. A média de espessura da parede do CDD foi de 2,7 +/- 0,76 mm, sendo os EIC de melhor visualização os 12º, 13º e 14º do lado direito. A idade foi o único parâmetro que influenciou positivamente a espessura da parede do CDD com p-value = 0,0247, em T1, indicando um aumento da espessura da parede do CDD com um aumento da idade do animal. Da regressão linear, obteve-se a seguinte equação: Y= 2,17037 + 0,03926X, onde X= idade, em anos, e Y= espessura média da parede do CDD, mm. O género, raça, PT, Alb, e tipo de AINE não influenciaram, estatisticamente, a espessura média da parede do CDD. A duração do tratamento com AINEs, em dias, demonstrou ser estatisticamente significativa (p-value = 0,049), por outras palavras, a espessura da parede do CDD aumenta com a duração do tratamento com AINEs. Concluiu-se que factores como a idade do animal e a duração do tratamento com AINEs aumenta a espessura da parede no cólon dorsal direito em cavalos PSL. Com base no conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato a identificar parâmetros como a idade do animal e a duração do tratamento com AINE, a causar um efeito significativo na espessura da parede do cólon dorsal direito em cavalos. N/A