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The phenomenon of adsorption of organic compounds in porous materials is very complex. Several mathematical models have been developed in order to simulate the evolution of the adsorption efficiency as a function of the resistances to the mass transfer and to optimize the process versus the operating conditions.

Süreçlerin girdi faktörlerinde değişiklikler yapılarak çıktıya olan etkilerinin araştırıldığı yöntem deney tasarımı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yates ve Taguchi deney tasarımları da bu kapsamda geliştirilmiş yöntemlerdir.Yüksek lisans tez çalışması kapsamında Yates ve Taguchi deney tasarımları laboratuvar ortamında yürütülen deneyler vasıtası ile uygulamalı olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma deneylerinde; deney malzemeleri, deney faktörleri ve seviyeleri, deneylerin yapılma şartları ve deney ortamı ve deney sonuçlarının alındığı makine ve teçhizatlarda herhangi bir değişiklik yapılmadan bir set Yates deney tasarımı bir sette Taguchi deney tasarımı için adsorpsiyon deneyleri yapılmıştır.Yates deney tasarımında girdi faktörleri iki seviyeli olarak çalışılmış, optimizasyon deneylerinde orta seviyelerden yararlanılarak deneyler yapılmıştır. Taguchi deney tasarımında ise bütün faktörler üç seviyeli olarak çalışılmış, doğrulama deneyleri yapılmıştır.Her iki deney tasarımı ile faktörlerin sayısal değerleri açısından birbirleriyle örtüşen sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Fakat Yates deney tasarımının optimizasyon yapmaya elverişli ve belirlenen faktör değerlerinden farklı değerlerde de çalışılmasına imkan sağlayan bir tasarım olması nedeniyle, Taguchi deney tasarımından daha iyi sonuçlar elde etme imkanın olduğu görülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Deney Tasarımı, Taguchi Deney Tasarımı, Yates Deney Tasarımı, Adsorbsiyon Yöntemi. Experimental design is defined as the method by which changes in input factors of processes are investigated. Yates and Taguchi experimental designs are also developed within this scope.Within the scope of the master thesis, Yates and Taguchi experimental designs were compared by using the adsorption experiments carried out in laboratory. In these comparison experiments; Adsorption experiments for the design of the Taguchi experiment were carried out in a set of experimental parameters and levels, experimental materials, a set of Yates experiment design without any changes in the conditions of the experiment materials and the machinery and equipment taken from the experimental environment and the results of the experiment.In the Yates experimental design, input parameters were studied in two levels, and in the optimization experiments, experiments were made by using intermediate levels. In Taguchi experiment design, all parameters were studied in three levels and validation tests were performed.Both experimental design results in overlapping results in terms of numerical values of the parameters. However, it is seen that it is possible to achieve better results from the Taguchi experiment design as Yates experimental design is a design that allows for optimization and different values from the determined parameter values.Keywords: Experimental Design, Taguchi Experiment Design, Yates Experiment Design, Adsorption Method. 79

Dyes effluent has been considered as the major environmental issues recently. In this work, hydrotalcite-like material (ZnAl LDH) have been successfully prepared and applied as a benign adsorbent material for congo red and direct violet dye removal from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was fully conducted in batch adsorption method. The effect of some operational parameter such as contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorption temperature was systematically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption of congo red and direct violet onto ZnAl LDH was followed the pseudo-adsorption kinetics model. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm and adsorption thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process occurred in multilayer system and the whole process occurred spontaneously.Dyes effluent has been considered as the major environmental issues recently. In this work, hydrotalcite-like material (ZnAl LDH) have been successfully prepared and applied as a benign adsorbent material for congo red and direct violet dye removal from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was fully conducted in batch adsorption method. The effect of some operational parameter such as contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorption temperature was systematically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption of congo red and direct violet onto ZnAl LDH was followed the pseudo-adsorption kinetics model. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm and adsorption thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process occurred in multilayer system and the whole process occurred spontaneously.

GC-MS is a test that has been done to determine the compounds contained from a material. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the inhibitory process of mango peel skin as an organic inhibitor. In mango skin peel extract, characteristic testing was done using GC-MS. SEM measurement and polarization are the supporting test. Polarization measurements and SEM tests were performed at concentrations of 0 and 6 ml. The selection of these concentrations is based on the highest efficiency generated in previous studies. The results of GC-MS test on mango skin peel extract showed that mango skin peel contained Methylamine-D2 Trideuteroethene compound. This is an area of 64.34%. These compounds are considered compounds that form a thin layer on the surface of the material. A thin layer can be seen in the SEM results that have been done. The mechanism of inhibition of this corrosion process follows the Langmuir adsorption method.GC-MS is a test that has been done to determine the compounds contained from a material. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the inhibitory process of mango peel skin as an organic inhibitor. In mango skin peel extract, characteristic testing was done using GC-MS. SEM measurement and polarization are the supporting test. Polarization measurements and SEM tests were performed at concentrations of 0 and 6 ml. The selection of these concentrations is based on the highest efficiency generated in previous studies. The results of GC-MS test on mango skin peel extract showed that mango skin peel contained Methylamine-D2 Trideuteroethene compound. This is an area of 64.34%. These compounds are considered compounds that form a thin layer on the surface of the material. A thin layer can be seen in the SEM results that have been done. The mechanism of inhibition of this corrosion process follows the Langmuir adsorption method.

The Mg–Al-CO 3 -LDH with Mg 2+ /Al 3+ molar ratio of 2 was prepared via coprecipitation method at constant pH of 9–10 and used to remove three red dyes by batch adsorption method. The results showed the Mg–Al-LDH were well crystallized and can adsorb the red dyes effectively. The optimal adsorbent dosage and contact time were 1.0 g and 60 min, respectively. Adsorbed amount hardly changed when pH

Purpose The physicochemical properties of a xenograft are very important because they strongly influence the bone regeneration capabilities of the graft material. Even though porcine xenografts have many advantages, only a few porcine xenografts are commercially available, and most of their physicochemical characteristics have yet to be reported. Thus, in this work we aimed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of a porcine bone grafting material and compare them with those of 2 commercially available bovine xenografts to assess the potential of xenogenic porcine bone graft materials for dental applications. Methods We used various characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption method, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and others, to compare the physicochemical properties of xenografts of different origins. Results The porcine bone grafting material had relatively high porosity (78.4%) and a large average specific surface area (SSA; 69.9 m2/g), with high surface roughness (10-point average roughness, 4.47 µm) and sub-100-nm hydroxyapatite crystals on the surface. Moreover, this material presented a significant fraction of sub-100-nm pores, with negligible amounts of residual organic substances. Apart from some minor differences, the overall characteristics of the porcine bone grafting material were very similar to those of one of the bovine bone grafting material. However, many of these morphostructural properties were significantly different from the other bovine bone grafting material, which exhibited relatively smooth surface morphology with a porosity of 62.0% and an average SSA of 0.5 m2/g. Conclusions Considering that both bovine bone grafting materials have been successfully used in oral surgery applications in the last few decades, this work shows that the porcine-derived grafting material possesses most of the key physiochemical characteristics required for its application as a highly efficient xenograft material for bone replacement., Graphical Abstract

The oil and gas industry has been tapping into tight reservoirs with low permeability and porosity. This calls for methods to enhance our understanding of tight reservoirs, such as shale. A large percentage of gas in place in shale reservoirs is in the form of adsorbed gas on the surfaces of pores. The pores of shale reservoirs range from micro-, meso- to macropores. Small pores contribute to large surface area accessible for adsorption, emphasizing the importance of studying pore structure in nanoscale. Subcritical gas adsorption isauseful methodto characterize pore structures in nanoscale in terms of quantifying pore volume, determining the presence of micropores, predicting pore geometries and the accessible surface area for adsorption. This paper discusses results obtained from running adsorption on samples of four different formations: Niobrara shale, Lokpanta oil shale, Hawaiian basaltic rock and Berea sandstone. Some of the results used to both qualitatively and quantitatively study pore structures are isotherm, pore size distribution and specific surface area. These results both affirm and debunk generalizations tied to certain formations. For instance, sandstone typically has large grains and this is confirmed by the zero micropores shown in both its isotherm and pore size distribution. On the contrary, some of the basaltic rocks are expected to have highspecific surface area due to its high clay content, yet the samples showed low specific surface area instead. This informs the lack of information available on the sample, thus, initiating more tests to understand other factors that may be causing low specific surface area. Moreover, Lokpanta oilshale does not have any external information provided, but the isotherms and pore size distribution help to intuitively grasp the image of the samples' pore structures. This paper illustrates how best to analyze and compare the experimental results. Subcritical gas adsorption makes it easy to picture pore structures at nanoscale. Understanding pore structures, specific surface area available for adsorption and micropore volume for storage purposes is crucial for applications, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS).

Summary The petrophysical characteristics determination of the Bazhenov formation rocks is very difficult. Previously used adsorption method to study the wettability, due to the large organic matter content in the mineral matrix, showed a high degree of hydrophilicity. There is proposed an alternative approach to determining the “wettability index” using the NMR method by direct spectra comparison of rock saturated with water and kerosene. This approach allows successfully solving the organic matter content problem and controlling the results obtained by the adsorption method correctness. As a result, the “wettability index” according to NMR of the Bazhenov formation varies from neutral (in the top and bottom) to hydrophobic wettability (in the middle of the section), which correlates well with the distribution of organic matter.

In this proceedings under way was concentrated on water collection samples in Tirunelveli district from well (open and bore well), tape, river and the pond. The results were characterised by physico-chemical and microbiological studies. Depending on the amount fluoride has both beneficial and adverse effects on human health. The allowable limit for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg / L according to India's and the World Health Organization 's National Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Beyond this cap, fluoride can lead to a number of diseases including skeletal and dental fluorosis, brittle bones, cancer, infertility, brain damage, Alzheimer's syndrome and thyroid disease. Fluoride removal from the sample of drinking water is important for utility purposes. Among the literature methods, the adsorption method is deemed more suitable for defluoridation due to its usability, efficacy and economic viability. In these present investigations, the low cost agricultural materials as adsorbents were utilized for fluoride removal and also compared the efficiency. The experimental observations are discussed. We conclude that numerous human activities in the soil deliberate the release of toxic ion levels, which can lead to serious human health consequences for the environment. We recommend that the public health sector has taken appropriate action and organized more awareness camp related to health issues with the use of natural adsorbent materials for purification and removal as well.

Significant amounts of fluorescent light have been discarded every year. Mercury is released into the atmosphere in the recycling process of it, if improperly treated. The adsorption method is used to remove mercury discharged from the recycling step of fluorescent light.We studied the impregnation condition of adsorbent made from sewage sludge. And also adsorption characteristics of mercury were evaluated by impregnated adsorbent.According to our results, the adsorption efficiency of mercury was increased by impregnating adsorbent with chlorine and iodine. The adsorption capacity was described by Langmuir isotherm model.

This study focused on the performances of an integrated KMnO4oxidation and diatomite adsorption method in the treatment of fresh landfill leachate. The optimal conditions and influential parameters for oxidation and adsorption were determined. The results showed that under optimum oxidation conditions for KMnO4, the removal rates of CODCrand ammonia nitrogen reached 46% and 32% respectively. And the removal rates of CODCrand ammonia nitrogen contained in leachate increased up to 98% and 90% after absorbed by diatomite.

Appropriate drinking water defluoridation technology is urgently needed in china, which has a wide fluoride-rich area. The adsorption defluoridation method in the industrial high fluoride wastewater treatment is generally considered to be efficient and economic. However, the practical application of the method is not ideal in obtaining drinking water defluoridation. Four representative adsorbents activated alumina, activated zeolite, hydroxyapatite and hydrous zirconium oxide have been tested in terms of defluoridation efficiency under natural high fluoride groundwater and compared to clarify existing problems of adsorption methods. Results show that pH significantly affected adsorption efficiency. The adsorbents have low adsorption capacity under natural high fluoride groundwater and can achieve good adsorption effect under acidic conditions. However, in adjusting the water to the appropriate pH range, the adsorption method loses its advantages of convenience and affordability. Therefore, any adsorbent should be tested with actual field waters before designing filed application systems. Further research is also warranted in evaluating the field performance and the economic acceptance of the proposed method.

This study investigated the possible use of Microwave Incinerated Rice Husk Ash (MIRHA) as adsorbent for the treatment of wastewater generated from oil and gas industry using the column adsorption method. Adams-Bohart and Yoon-Nelson models were used to analyze experimental data. MIRHA was found to be porous, have high surface area and consist of 87-97% silica. Results show that both Adams-Bohart and Yoon-Nelson models can be used to describe experimental data.

Effluent of aniline wastewater treatment from a company was isolated and fractionated by resin adsorption method into six different fractions. These fractions are operationally categorized as hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet-visible (UV) and genotoxicity of each fractions were determined. The results showed that hydrophobic matter is the main fractions of DOC and makes the main contributions to the genotoxicity of effluent of aniline wastewater treatment.

We studied an adsorption method as a technique of collection, and a vitrification method of iodine toward safekeeping. In this study, iodine-adsorptions on magnesium compounds were evaluated, and fixation of iodine into glass was tried. As a result, it was revealed that 1 g of magnesium oxide with high surface area successfully adsorbed 2.23 g of iodine. Iodine-adsorbed magnesium compound was tried to be vitrified with MgO-P2O5 glass.

In this paper, a kind of micro-gripper is introduced using vacuum adsorption method. The gripper is used to grasp a mm size micro-part in a micro-assembly process. Because of the requirement of the adsorption force, the negative pressure control system is employed which can let the micro-gripper inhale and exhale freely. Accordingly, the adsorption force of the micro-gripper can be controlled accurately. The PLC controller is used to get the pressure information from the electronic proportional valve. The PID control law is employed to adjust the opening of the valve. In this way, the micro-gripper can easily clamping and release micro-part especially for some micro-parts with adsorption effect. Experiments show that the adsorption force on the micro-part is greater than 0.5N satisfying the requirement of the clamp to grasp the micro-part.

The publication justifies the feasibility of adsorption method of industrial wastewater treatment from aromatic compounds. Objects and methods of research are described. Studies of adsorption mechanisms of aromatic compounds on bentonites of various modifications made it possible to establish the most effective sorption rock clay-based materials, as well as filter compositions. Bentonite modified with carbon nanotubes after heat treatment 550 ° C proved to be the most effective with respect to the studied aromatic compounds. The principle of combining sorbents in a single filtering system, based on the sorbent selection for various groups of organic pollutants according to their ability to be ionized in an aqueous medium, has been proposed and investigated. Three most effective multicomponent adsorption filter compositions for sewage treatment from nitro and amino compounds were established. The proposed approach is aimed at designing local water treatment stations for industrial enterprises to deal with aromatic compounds via use of multicomponent adsorption filter compositions.

Cooking oil is one of basic needs that very often used by public. Cooking oil that has been used it will occur characteristic’s change and if consderated from chemical composition it has carcinogen content. One way of doing things for used cooking oil is adsorption method. Goal of this research for reduce Free Fatty Acid content and color changes on used cooking oil used bagasse adsorbent, with variant adsorption temperature 32, 40, and 50oC, also contact time as 45, 90, and 180 minutes. Best results of this research are FFA 85.10% reduction occur at 40-50oC with 180 minutes contact time and the biggest color change occur at 50oC with 180 contact time is 14.925%.

In this paper, we present a novel method for determining the maximal amount of ethane, a minor gas species, adsorbed in a shale sample. The method is based on the time-dependent release of ethane from shale samples measured by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). The study includes a mathematical model for fitting the experimental data, calculating the maximal amount gas adsorbed, and predicting results at other temperatures. The method is a more efficient alternative to the isothermal adsorption method that is in widespread use today.

We explore the use of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) as a mitigation technique for the treatment of drinking water that was artificially enriched with Rn-222 in laboratory by placing a radium rich granite stone (pitchblende) in a closed container filled with tap water for several days in order to allow Rn-222 concentration to approach its highest possible level. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) was immersed into the water container in order to adsorb Rn-222 in radon-rich water. The optimum activation procedure for GAC preparation was determined. Suitable contact time and optimum quantities of GAC needed to reduce Rn-222 concentration in water were experimentally determined. There is a much greater increase in Rn-222 removal from water in the ranges from 1 part: 1000 parts to 4 parts: 1000 parts GAC/water ratios. Further increase in GAC/water ratio slowly affects the Rn-222 removal.

The present study investigated capillary electrophoretic detection of vanillin in vanilla perfume and air. An UV-absorbance detector was used in a home-made capillary electrophoretic instrument. A fused silica capillary (outer diameter: 364 μm, inner diameter: 50 μm) was used as a separation capillary, and a high electric voltage (20 kV) was applied across the two ends of the capillary. Total length of the capillary was 70 cm, and the effective length was 55 cm. Experimental results showed that the vanillin peak was detected at about 600, 450, and 500 seconds when pH of running buffers in CE were 7.2, 9.3, and 11.5, respectively. The peak area of vanillin was proportional to its concentration in the range of 0-10(-2) mol/L. The detection limit was about 10(-5) mol/L. Vanillin concentration in a 1% vanilla perfume sample was determined to be about 3×10(-4) mol/L, agreed well with that obtained by a HPLC method. Furthermore, determination of vanillin in air by combination of CE and active carbon adsorption method was investigated.

Activated carbon was modified with silica aerogel by the Sol-Gel. The surface characteristics and structure of activated carbon modified by the silica aerogel were characterized with N2 adsorption method, Scanning Electron Microscope and Thermal Analysis. The experiment results show that the silica aerogel can be used to modify activated carbon for the preparation of composite. SiO2 aerogel can effectively cover holes in the activated carbon, specific surface area of activated carbon composite modified by SiO2 aerogel was between activated carbon and silica aerogel. When MSiO2: MC is 1:3, specific surface area of the composite was 758.638 m2/g; When MSiO2:MC is 1:2, specific surface area of the composite was 760.38 m2/g; When MSiO2:MC is 1:1, specific surface area of the composite was 862.755 m2/g.

A novel method for Cu 2+ sequestration in Cu 2+ aqueous solution has been demonstrated using amine-functionalized double-walled silica nanotubes (DWSNTs). Herein, the precipitation method and the adsorption method are combined to remove Cu 2+ in the Cu 2+ aqueous solution. Primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), di-, tri-amines are immobilized on the surface of DWSNT as the adsorption site. The results show that the Cu 2+ adsorption amount on the amine-functionalized DWSNTs is in the following order: tri-amine > di-amine > 1° amine > 2° amine > 3° amine. The complexed Cu 2+ s with the amine-functionalized DWSNTs become Cu(OH) 2 crystals due to the reaction with OH − s dissociated from water. Thus, the amine-functionalized DWSNTs show the superior sequestration capacity of Cu 2+ in the Cu 2+ aqueous solution owing to the Cu(OH) 2 crystals growth on them. FT-IR, FEG-SEM, HR-TEM, and XRD studies demonstrate the mechanism of the Cu 2+ adsorption and the Cu(OH) 2 crystals growth. The crystallization-technique of the heavy metal ion on the amine-functionalized DWSNTs is also expected to have potential applications such as the facile synthesis of nano- and microparticles, and the metal catalyst supporter.

In view of pore distribution in coal, this paper applies BJH method that is based on the cylinder theory and adopts cryogenic liquid nitrogen adsorption method to carry out experimental investigation on pore structure of No.3U coal seam in Sanhekou Coalmine, obtaining the fact that pore structure of No.3U coal is complicated, the cool pores are mostly flask pores, others are the parallel plate pores with one end closed and the cylinder pores with one end closed; According to the distribution of BJH pore volume and pore surface area, ultramicropores with apertures less than 10 nm are among the most; Then obtain the average BET specific surface area, the distribution of BJH pore volume and pore area, average single-point total pore volume and most probable pore .etc, which conducive to a better understanding of the micropores characteristic of coal.

The effective production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from wheat bran was investigated. Wheat bran contains rich hemicellulose which can be hydrolyzed by enzyme; the XOS were obtained by microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis. To improve the productivity of XOS, repeated microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and activated carbon adsorption method was chosen to eliminate macromolecules in the XOS. On the basis of experimental data, an industrial XOS production process consisting of pretreatment, repeated microwave assisted enzymatic treatment and purification was designed. Using the designed process, 3.2g dry of purified XOS was produced from 50 g dry wheat bran powder.

The effect of activated carbon surface area on the amount of fluid adsorbed is significant. Thus, the surface area of an adsorbent is an important factor. The use of the costly BET measurement method is the standard. However, water adsorption method was proposed as an alternate method. Nevertheless, results presented were for activated carbon prepared and surface areas reported were based on BET literature values. In this study, chemically activated carbons were produced from corn cobs by impregnation using 25 wt% CaCl2 as activating agent. Surface area of the activated carbons was then determined using both BET technique and water adsorption techniques by determining the volume at monolayer coverage. Comparison between the results of surface areas obtained from the two techniques was performed. From the present experimental investigations, water adsorption technique showed a wide range of deviation with increase in surface area of adsorbent. It was established from the analyses that water adsorption technique approximate the BET technique reasonably well for surface areas below 200 m2 g-1, above this value results from water adsorption technique are not reliable.

In research carried out measurements of weight loss with API 5L grade B material in a solution of HCl 1 M. Extract Myrmecodia Pendans is used as a corrosion inhibitor. Immersion time was 2 hours, while the temperature variations used are 30, 40 and 50°C. Extracts of the ants 100-500 mg / L (multiples of 100 mg / L). In this study will also be analyzed with some models of adsorption mechanisms, including the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. This study aimed to determine the appropriate method of adsorption isotherms on each system. Adsorption equations of the model will be obtained values of free energy of a system. With the known value of free energy, it can be seen whether the adsorption occurs in physics or chemistry. This related to the surface protective layer formed on the surface absorption extract Myrmecodia Pendans. The results showed that the adsorption followed the Langmuir adsorption method at 30 and 40°C, while the temperature of 50°C followed Freundlich adsorption methods.

The arsenic-containing rural drinking groundwater was treated by adsorption method in the paper. It was studied that the varieties and dosages of adsorbents, pH value and adsorption time have an effect on removal of arsenic. The experimental results indicated that the rate of arsenic removal is able to reach 91.39% at room temperature and under the condition of neutral pH values, 2.0 g of zeolite as adsorbent and 1 h of adsorption time. The content of arsenic in the treated drinking groundwater can be up to the current national hygiene standards of rural drinking water (

Routine adsorption procedures to remove autoantibodies from patients’ serum often require many hours to perform. This time-consuming process can create significant delays that affect patient care. This study modified the current adsorption method to reduce total adsorption time to 1 hour. A ratio of one part serum to three parts red blood cells (RBCs; 1:3 method) was maintained for all samples. The one part serum was split into three tubes. Each of these three aliquots of serum was mixed with one full part RBCs, creating three adsorbing tubes. All tubes were incubated for 1 hour with periodic mixing. Adsorbed serum from the three tubes was harvested, combined, and tested for reactivity. Fifty-eight samples were evaluated using both the current method and the 1:3 method. Forty-eight (83%) samples successfully adsorbed using both methods. Twenty (34.5%) samples contained underlying alloantibodies. The 1:3 method demonstrated the same antibody specificities and strengths in all 20 samples. Eight samples failed to adsorb by either method. The 1:3 method found previously undetected alloantibodies in three samples. Two samples successfully autoadsorbed but failed to alloadsorb by either method. The 1:3 method proved to be efficient and effective for quick removal of autoantibodies while allowing for the detection of underlying alloantibodies. Immunohematology 2013;29:5–10.

The phase isotope exchange of water applied to the removal of tritiated water vapor from process and exhaust gases of enterprises of the nuclear industry is considered, and its prospects are estimated theoretically and experimentally. This method has obvious advantages over the currently used adsorption method from the standpoint of the simplicity of equipment required, the amount of secondary nuclear waste, and energy consumption.

This work is devoted to researching the kinetics of the formation of particle surfaces and interfaces during the milling of nanostructured tungsten carbide/cobalt (WC–Co) powders in a planetary ball mill. The power consumption of the mill and the energy transferred to the powder are measured. The contents of Co and WC at the surface of the particle, the specific surface areas (SSAs) of the particles, and the SSAs of the WC phase and the WC grains were determined using various methods. The features of the SSA analysis using the laser diffraction method and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) gas adsorption method are discussed. The specific interface areas (SIAs) of the WC/WC and WC/Co boundaries were calculated based on the obtained data. The SSA of the powder and the SIA of the WC/WC linearly increased during the beginning of the milling process, the rates of growth subsequently decreased, and the SSA and the SIA approached their limits. The SIA of WC/Co increases linearly without limit. The employed model made it possible to determine the milling rates and the limits of the SSA and the SIA. Based on the obtained results and literature data, the energy that was stored in different surfaces and interfaces was calculated.

Natural organic matter (NOM) is produced through metabolic reactions in water supply in drinking water sources and has been reported to cause several problems including objectionable taste and color of water, formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. The removal of NOM and its constituents from water is a challenging issue worldwide. Many technologies have been examined for this purpose. The properties and amount of NOM, however, can significantly affect the process efficiency. In the present work, an overview of the recent research studies dealing with adsorption method for the removal of NOM and related compounds from water is presented. A wide variety of conventional and non-conventional adsorbents have been reviewed for their potential in NOM removal from water. As revealed from the literature reviewed, modified adsorbents, composite materials and few nanomaterials have shown promising results for NOM removal from water. The main findings obtained for the removal of NOM using different adsorbents have been discussed in this review.

There are several pollutants that can harm our environment. Oil and grease are one of the examples of a pollutant that can cause a severe environmental problem. The highest concentration of oil and grease inside the sewer system can cause the sewer to clog that can lead to overflow. It can affect not only to the environment but can also affecting our health. There are various methods of oil and grease removal that one of the examples is by using adsorption method. This method commonly uses activated carbon that is one of the effective adsorbents. Although effective, the cost for activated carbon is expensive thus a study was conducted by using agricultural residues as alternative adsorbents for oil and grease removal. This study objective is to determine the ability of two adsorbents, which are sugarcane bagasse and banana pith as an adsorbent in removing oil and grease from wastewater. It involved the characterization of adsorbent and the performance studies of the adsorbent. The adsorbent was characterized in term of physical and chemical characterization. Dosage and contact time are the parameter used for performance studies, to see the ability of adsorbents in removing oil and grease.

The recovery of lithium from geothermal fluid at Lumpur Sidoarjo, Indonesia was investigated employing an adsorption method with polymer membrane as container. The lithium concentration in geothermal fluid from Lumpur Sidoarjo used in the present study was about 5 mg/l. Lithium manganese oxide (LMO) was selected as a promising adsorbent material due to its non-toxic, topotactical behavior and low cost. In this study, LMO with single Li/Mn mole ratio was prepared, i.e. Li 1.6 Mn 1.6 O 4 . The adsorbent was synthesized by solid state reaction at 500 °C for 5 hrs. A lithium uptake yield from the geothermal fluid of around 6.6 mg/g was obtained.

P(DMAA-co-AM)hydrogel; adsorption method; a-amylase; Immobilized enzyme. Abstract. P(DMAA-co-AM)hydrogel was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization with N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA) and acrylamide(AM) as monomers.,taking the P(DMAA-co-AM) hydrogel as carrier, a-amylase was immobilized by adsorption method.The investigation of effection of temperature and pH on enzymatic activity exhibites that the optimum temperatures are 50°C for both free and immobilized enzyme,the maximum activity is observed at pH 6.0 for both free and immobized enzyme. The activity of immobilized a-amylase remaines higher 40% at sixth run. Kinetic studies demonstrate that: Km values are 5.15749 and 1.44479 mg/mL for free and immobilized enzyme, Vmax values are 2.56082 and 0.58272 mg/mL min-1 for free and immobilized enzyme.

The purpose of this work is to study the adsorption and desorption characteristics of acetone vapor and toluene vapor from adsorption tower in the VOCs recovery device. The six kinds of activated carbon with different pore structures were used and the adsorption and desorption characteristics were compared according to pore structure, desorption temperature, and adsorption method, respectively. Adsorption capacity of acetone vapor and toluene vapor by batch method was higher than that by dynamic method. Especially, activated carbon with medium-sized or large pores had more difference in adsorption capacity according to adsorption methods as a result of gradually condensation of vapors on relatively mesopore and large pores. Activated carbons with relatively large pores and relatively small saturated adsorption capacity had excellent desorption ability. Key Words : Activated carbon, Adsorption, Desorption, Acetone vapor, Toluene vapor, Pore structure 1) 1. 서 론 여러 산업분야에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 휘발성 유기화합물(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)은 대부분이 건조공정에서 휘발되어 대기 중으로 배출되고 있다. 이렇게 배출된 VOCs는 산업현장의 작

The motion of a droplet can be induced by periodically compressing and extending it between two similar gradient surfaces possessing significant wetting hysteresis. The shape fluctuation of the drop during repeated compression-extension cycles leads to its ratchetlike motion toward the region of higher wettability. A simple model requiring the volume preservation of the drop during the compression-extension cycles is sufficient to account for the effect and predict drop velocity across the surface when drop size and cycle frequency are specified. In connection with this study, we also report a variation of the standard vapor phase adsorption method of preparing a chemically graded surface that allows for good control over the steepness and the length of the active zone. The method can be used to produce a linear or a radial gradient, both of which are employed here to drive droplet motion along these patterns. This type of discrete droplet motion can be used to move drops on surfaces to transport materials within miniaturized digital fluidic devices.

Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibre has excellent mechanical properties and good thermal stability. However, the use of PBO fibre is limited because of its low photostability. Thus, this work aimed to study the improvement of PBO fibre photostability. Two methods of adhering UV absorbers to PBO fibre surface, namely, coordination bond method and physical adsorption method, were compared. The photo aging results show that the PBO fibres covered by UV absorbers via the coordination bond method were smooth and had no evident particle agglomeration. These fibres showed more improved photostability compared with those covered by UV absorbers via physical adsorption. After 125 h of photo aging, the tensile strength retention rate of PBO fibres covered with UV absorbers via the coordination bond method was still over 90%, which is far higher than that of untreated PBO fibres (approximately 75%).

The removal of COD from dye wastewater by poultry waste activated carbon using KOH as an activating agent was carried out with two step process. Batch adsorption method was employed at various contact time. The study indicated optimum COD removal of 65.15% at the contact of 120 minutes and 150 minutes respectively. In the kinetic study, pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Natarajam and Khalaf first order and elovich model were tested but pseudo second-order showed the best fit for the adsorption process. The result further revealed that poultry waste, an available adsorbent is very effective in COD removal from dye wastewater.

Cryogenic adsorption is effective for the separative recovery of hydrogen isotopes of small concentrations from the bulk helium gas. Thus, the cryogenic adsorption method is considered to b...

Recycling treatment of cable insulation resin generated from electric wires and cables was investigated. Conventional insulation PVC contains a lead component, tribase, as a thermal stabilizer and lead removal is necessary to recycle this PVC as insulation resin. This paper describes a solid surface adsorption method using ion exchange resin to remove the fine lead containing particles from PVC dissolved solution. Low lead concentration in the recovered PVC, complying with the requirements of RoHS, was achieved.

Scores of abrasive wear problems particularly those in the harsh environments involve remarkable breakage of the abrasive. One notable case is the ore breakage and the media wear in the comminution devices such as tumbling mills, where the abrasive breakage is indeed the objective of the process. While there are standard test methods for wear or breakage characterization of the materials individually, there is a need for standard test methods enabling us to conduct a combined study of the wear and breakage to create an environment similar to the actual applications. Steel Wheel Abrasion Test is one of the candidates providing us with such an environment to study wear, abrasive fragmentation and their inter-relation in one single apparatus because of its high-stress nature of abrasion. Moreover, there is a need for more precise tools of describing the quantity and quality of the abrasive breakage, and surface wear. In this research, breakage has been characterized through size distribution of the abrasive before and after the test, and estimation of the created surface area in abrasive based on the size distribution. Wear particles are collected from the used abrasive after the test using an electromagnet, precisely analyzed with laser scattering machine and their surface area density is calculated using the gas adsorption method. Characterization of the wear debris along with precise quantifying of the abrasive fragmentation provided powerful tools in studying the abrasive wear. Experimental results extracted from the Steel Wheel Abrasion Test indicate a strong correlation between the abrasive breakage and the wear which newly introduced tools were successfully capable of predicting. Additionally, the combined study of the wear and breakage enabled us to give explanation for some anomalous wear trends which were not justifiable in the past.

Produced water is the largest by-product of oil production. Studying its high-efficiency treatment technology is one of the key issues in the sustainable development of oilfields. The adsorption has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency and no secondary pollution, and has significant effects in the treatment of produced water. This paper introduces the adsorption technology. The research progress of the domestic and international adsorption treatment of oilfield produced water was summarized. The effects of different adsorbents on oilfield produced water treatment are briefly described, which points out a new research direction for the development of future adsorbent technology.