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167. List of Contributors

Author

Afzal, Ifrah, Afzal, Muhammad, Akash, Sajid Hamid, Akram, Nadia, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Muhammad A., Chatha, Shahzad Ali Shahid, Anjum, Muhammad N., Anjum, Anbreen, Anjum, Shazia, Asi, Muhammad R., Aslam, Nosheen, Athar, Makshoof, Azeem, Muhammad, Azeem, Farrukh, Barikani, Mehdi, Batool, Fatima, BiBi, Ismat, Bukhari, Shazia A., Caykara, Tuncer, Fawad Zahoor, Ameer, Fazal-ur-Rehman, Freile-Pelegrín, Yolanda, Hirotsu, Takahiro, Hussain, Zakir, Ibrahim, Muhammad, Ijaz Hussain, Abdullah, Ikram-ul-Haq, Ikram, Saiqa, Iqbal, Shahzad Z., Iqbal, Naeem, Iqbal, Rehana, Jabeen, Farukh, Jabeen, Mudassir, Jamil, Tahir, Kamal, Shagufta, Khalid, Sundas, Khatri, Awais, Khosa, Muhammad K., Liu, Tianzhong, Madera-Santana, Tomás J., Malik, Noeen, Malik, Sana, Malik, Kausar, Mansha, Muhammad Asim, Mehmood, Muhammad A., Min, Ho S., Mohammadi, Mohsen, Munawar, Anam, Munir, Neelma, Muzammil, Saima, Nadeem, Habibullah, Nadeem Ahmad, Mirza, Naseer, Rehana, Nawaz, Muhammad, Naz, Shagufta, Nazli, Zill-i-Huma, Noreen, Aqdas, Noreen, Razia, Otsuki, Toshi, Rasul, Ijaz, Rasul, Azhar, Rauf, Waqar, Razzaq, Aneeza, Rehman, Kanwal, Rehman, Maryam, Rehman, Saima, Saif, Muhammad J., Saleem, Yasar, Salman, Mahwish, Shahid, Ayesha, Sharif, Nadia, Shchipunov, Yury, Shi, Bo, Siddique, Muhammad H., Sobhani, Hadi, Sultan, Neelam, Sultana, Salma, Sultana, Tayyaba, Tabasum, Shazia, Usman, Adil, Usman, Atif, Wang, Yanmei, Wang, Qun, Yaqoob, Nazia, Zafar Khan, Aqib, Zia, Fatima, Zia, Khalid M., Zia, Muhammad A., and Zuber, Mohammad

Published
2017
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182. Development, optimization, and biovalidation of Tc-insulin complex.

Author

Akbar, Muhammad, Bokhari, Tanveer, Roohi, Samina, Zia, Khalid, Zuber, Mohammad, Parveen, Nadia, and Ali, Narmeen

Subjects
INSULIN, TECHNETIUM, ELECTROPHORESIS, PROTEIN metabolism, REACTION time, PAPER chromatography
Abstract

Human biosynthetic insulin is a polypeptide hormone that plays an important and essential role in control of the level of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism in the blood. Human pancreatic insulin was labeled with Tc to form a new radiopharmaceutical with a labeling yield of 99 ± 1% under optimum conditions: 0.1 mL insulin, pH 7, 25 μg stannous chloride, 1 mL (19 mCi) of pertechnetate, room temperature, and 10 min reaction time. The Tc-insulin complex was examined using paper chromatography, ITLC, electrophoresis, and HPLC. In addition, in vitro and in vivo study of Tc-insulin complex was performed at different time intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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183. Synthesis and characterization of polydimethyl siloxane-based polyurethane elastomers using toluene diisocyanate.

Author

Zia, Khalid Mahmood, Waseem-ul-Arifeen, Iqbal, Muhammad Ashair, Zuber, Mohammad, Ishaq, Muhammad, Farrukh, Muhammad Akhyar, and Ahmad, Mirza Nadeem

Subjects
POLYURETHANE elastomers, DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANES, POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE, TOLUENE diisocyanate, FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
Abstract

A series of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) were prepared by the reaction of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), the resultant PU prepolymer was extended with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS). The conventional spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized samples using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer confirmed the structure of the proposed PDMS-based PU. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to determine the thermal stability of the prepared PU samples. Surface properties of the synthesized material were studied determining the percentage of water absorption and equilibrium degree of swelling. The results revealed that by increasing the mole ratio of PDMS, the synthesized PUEs showed hydrophilic behavior while placing them in water and dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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184. Synthesis and characterization of siloxane-based polyurethane elastomers using hexamethylene diisocyanate.

Author

Zia, Khalid Mahmood, Ahmad, Aftab, Anjum, Sohail, Zuber, Mohammad, and Anjum, Muhammad Naveed

Subjects
POLYURETHANES, CHEMICAL synthesis, HEXAMETHYLENE diisocyanate, POLYBUTADIENE, ELASTOMERS, POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
Abstract

The present research work was performed to study the properties of siloxane-based polyurethane (SPU) elastomers using aliphatic diisocyanate. SPU samples constituting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were synthesized by two-step polymerization technique. Molecular engineering and surface characterization were carried out, and the outcome of the results was discussed. The conventional spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized samples using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the existence of the proposed SPU structure. Surface properties of the synthesized material were studied determining the percentage of water absorption and equilibrium of the degree of swelling. It was found that by increasing the mole ratio of PDMS, the synthesized PU samples showed hydrophobic behavior while placing them in water and in dimethylsulfoxide solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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198. Classification of actuation mechanism designs with structural block diagrams for flapping-wing drones: A comprehensive review.

Author

Singh, Spoorthi, Zuber, Mohammad, Hamidon, Mohd Nizar, Mazlan, Norkhairunnisa, Basri, Adi Azriff, and Ahmad, Kamarul Arifin

Subjects
*BATS, *HUMMINGBIRDS, *BLOCK diagrams, *BLOCK designs, *STRUCTURAL design, *MICRO air vehicles, *BIOMIMETIC materials, *JOB performance
Abstract

Flying insects are interesting dipteras with an outstanding wing structure that makes their flight efficient. It is challenging to mimic flying insects and create effective artificial flapping drones that can imitate their flying techniques. The smaller insect-size drones have remarkable applications, but they need lightweight and minimal connecting structures for their transmission mechanism. Many operating methods, such as the traditional rotary actuation method and non-conventional oscillatory mechanisms with multiple transmission configurations, are popularly adopted. The classification and recent design innovations with flapping actuation mechanism challenges, particularly bio-inspired (biomimetics) and bio-morphic types of flapping-wing aerial vehicles from micro to pico-scale, are discussed in this review paper. For ease of understanding, we have attempted to depict the actuation mechanisms in the form of block diagrams. The ability of hybrid efficient mechanisms to improve the flapping frequency of wings and flapping actuation design process, including other parameters, such as flapping angle, lift generation, and hovering ability with current driving mechanisms, is also discussed. Depending on their endearing resemblance, we have segregated Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV) design patterns like birds, small birds, nano hummingbirds, moths, bats, biomorphic types, flapping test bench models, and fully flyable models, which are characterized by their flight modes. Important flapping actuation systems that can be used to achieve hovering capability are highlighted. The actuation mechanisms' specifications and configurations are expanded by focusing on the need of flapping frequency and stroke angle controllability via the linkage mechanisms with insight into flapping patterns. Besides that, the requirements for the sustainability of flying patterns during manual and automatic launches were investigated. In addition, the different researchers' annual progress on their Flapping-wing models has been emphasized. The best performing prototypes with their flapping actuation mechanism contributions to achieving better lift and long-duration flight sustainability are articulated through ranking. An insight into some of the significant challenges and future work on flapping performance levels are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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