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Pristine LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 and a series of Eu-doped LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathode materials have been successfully synthesized by a solid-state route. The influence of Eu doping on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. The results show that doping with Eu can expand the channels for diffusion of Li ion and reduce the charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, the 0.5 mol% Eu-doped LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 exhibits an excellent rate capacity (122.00 mA h g −1 at 3 C) and cycling ability (139.99 mA g −1 at 1 C with a capacity retention of 96.93% after 50 cycles), which can be explained by the fact that doping with inactive Eu 3+ ions may stabilize the crystal structure and expand the pathways for lithium ion diffusion.

A metal-free pathway for constructing 6-aryl(alkyl)thiophenanthridines through oxidative cascade cyclization of isocyanides with thiols is developed. This pathway is characterized by SH bond cleavage of commercially available thiols, and subsequent CS/CC bond formation, which is suitable for a wide scope of substrates and by which a variety of 6-aryl(alkyl)thiophenanthridines could be synthesized in good to excellent yields.

Hydrazine is a kind of widely used industrial raw material and a toxic biochemical reagent. Due to its toxic to organisms, hydrazine has been classified to be a hazardous environmental pollutant. It is urgent to develop fluorescent probe tools for selective sensitivity detection of hydrazine in the environment and the body. We developed here a new coumarin-based fluorescent probe for hydrazine detection. The probe can selectively detect hydrazine over other environmental and endogenous interfering analytes with a large off-on fluorescence response. The detection limit is 8.55 ppb, which is well below the allowed threshold limit value. The sensing mechanism is hydrazine-induced pyrazole ring formation, which is confirmed by HRMS and DFT calculation methods. Additionally, the probe could also be applied for hydrazine imaging in living HeLa cells.

Smart home is the product of artificial intelligence, which can provide people with a safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly home environment, as well asmeets people’s living needs in residences in an all-round and personalized way and has a good development prospect. This paper expounded the development, classification and application of smart home in residential interior design. Taking Bill Gates’ “Future Home” as an example, it analyzed that the introduction of smart home can organically combine residences, users, environment and plants to provide a better living environment for human beings.

The sensitivity of information is dependent on the context of application and user preference. Protecting sensitive data in the cloud era requires identifying them in the first place. It typically needs intensive manual efforts. More importantly, users may specify sensitive information only through an implicit manner. Existing research efforts on identifying sensitive data from its descriptive texts focus on keyword/phrase searching. These approaches can have high false positives/negatives as they do not consider the semantics of the descriptions. In this paper, we propose S3, an automated approach to identify sensitive data based on users’ implicit specifications. Our approach considers semantic, syntactic and lexical information comprehensively, aiming to identify sensitive data by the semantics of its descriptive texts. We introduce the notion concept space to represent the user’s notion of privacy, by which our approach can support flexible user requirements in defining sensitive data. Our approach is able to learn users’ preferences from readable concepts initially provided by users, and automatically identify related sensitive data. We evaluate our approach on over 18,000 top popular applications from Google Play Store. S3 achieves an average precision of 89.2%, and average recall 95.8% in identifying sensitive data.

With low melting point, extremely low vapor pressure and non-flammability, ionic liquids have been attracting much attention from academic and industrial fields. Great efforts have been made to facilitate their applications in catalytic processes, extraction, desulfurization, gas separation, hydrogenation, electronic manufacturing, etc. To reduce the cost and environmental effects, different technologies have been proposed to recover the ionic liquids from different solutions after their application. This review is mainly focused on the recent advances of the recovery and purification of ionic liquids from solutions. Several methods for recovery of ionic liquids including distillation, extraction, adsorption, membrane separation, aqueous two-phase extraction, crystallization and external force field separation, are introduced and discussed systematically. Some industrial applications of ionic liquid recovery and purification methods are selected for discussion. Additionally, considerations on the combined design of different methods and process optimization have also been touched on to provide potential insights for future development of ionic liquid recovery and purification.

The exponential stability of the system under the unmeasurable premise variables is proposed. The corresponding controller design of the system is investigated. By using the Multiple Function method, the sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the closed loop system are studied, and the corresponding design scheme of the switching law is given. The switching strategy satisfies the energy attenuation of the subsystem of the switching time delay fuzzy system in the switching time. Finally, the simulation results show the correctness and effectiveness of the research conclusions.

In this paper, a new stabilization condition of switched fuzzy systems is proposed. The dynamic output feedback control problem is addressed for a class of switched fuzzy Systems. The dynamic output feedback with sufficient conditions and the design method of controller is given using multiple Lyapunov function method and switching law. The closed-loop system asymptotically stable is given by the designed controller. Adopting the dynamic output feedback control law, the order of the closed-loop system is reduced, which is helpful to improve the reliability of the system. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the conclusion.

Carbogenic nanodots (CNDs) are inspiring intensive research efforts owing to their excellent optical properties; however, their chemical structures and photoluminescent origins are still under study. Herein, CNDs with interesting multicenter photoluminescence (PL) have been successfully prepared by pyrolysis of organo-templated zeolites. The simultaneously observed excitation-dependent blue and excitation-independent green PL emissions as well as an uncommon ultraviolet-excited cyan emission are quite different from those of the known multicenter emissive CNDs. To get a thorough understanding of the formation of these CNDs and their PL origins, structural characterizations coupled with femtosecond transient absorption and fluorescence lifetime spectra analyses have been employed to study such PL behavior. The results show that the as-prepared CNDs consist of three main batches with different polarities, and they are composed of a combination of six small fluorophores with diverse ratios. The multicenter PL is obtained due to competition between the conjugated domain fluorophores and the surface-occupied functional group fluorophores. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the origin of multicenter photoluminescence in zeolite-based CNDs.

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a major polyphenolic compound found in olive oil with reported anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the neuroprotective effect of HT on type 2 diabetes remains unknown. In the present study, db/db mice and SH-SY-5Y neuroblastoma cells were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of HT. After 8 weeks of HT administration at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg, expression levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/II/IV and the activity of complex I were significantly elevated in the brain of db/db mice. Likewise, targets of the antioxidative transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 including p62 (sequestosome-1), haeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 increased, and protein oxidation significantly decreased. HT treatment was also found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 and PPARγ coactivator-1α, which constitute an energy-sensing protein network known to regulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress responses. Meanwhile, neuronal survival indicated by neuron marker expression levels including activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and nerve growth factor was significantly improved by HT administration. Additionally, in a high glucose-induced neuronal cell damage model, HT effectively increased mitochondrial complex IV and HO-1 expression through activating AMPK pathway, followed by the prevention of high glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species and declines of cell viability and VO2 capacity. Our observations suggest that HT improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress potentially through activation of the AMPK pathway in the brain of db/db mice.

The injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) process is widely used to manufacture plastic bottles for the beverage and consumer goods industry. The majority of the production processes are open-loop systems, often suffering from high raw material and energy waste. In this paper, a heuristic based norm-optimal terminal iterative learning control (ILC) method is proposed to control the preform temperature profiles in the reheating process. The reheating process is a batch process, and ILC can achieve improved tracking performance in a fixed time interval. The terminal ILC (TILC) is a useful strategy when only the terminal temperature profile can be measured in a batch process like the preform reheating in ISBM. To balance the control performance and energy cost, a norm-optimal method is applied, leading to a proposal of the new norm-optimal TILC method in this paper. Heuristic methods including the swarm optimisation (PSO), differential evolution (DE) and teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) are used to calculate the sequence of norm-optimal control inputs for this non-linear batch process. Simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed control strategy.

An aggregation-enhanced excimer emission (AEEE) fluorophore was successfully synthesized by introducing chalcone into pyrene. Compared with the traditional AIE structure (tetra-phenylethene derivatives), pyrenylchalcone was more available under mild conditions. It exhibited weak emission when molecularly dissolved but strong excimer emission when aggregated. Then we designed a probe with good water solubility based on pyrenylchalcone for polyanion detection in aqueous media. An orange emission could be observed upon simple addition of polyacrylic acid sodium salt. Better than the other “blue-to-green” pyrene probes, this “turn-on” AEEE probe was more likely visible to eyes. Moreover, unlike the double bond in tetra-phenylethene, the unsaturated double bond in chalcone could be easily opened by thiols. It could lead to another different “turn-on” change in fluorescence. Adding biothiol and adding polyanion were two different methods to reduce the intra-molecular rotations and cause different emissions, thus we built a 2-to-4 molecular decoder in aqueous media which could be observed by naked eyes.

In the production process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, the initial temperature of preforms plays a central role on the final thickness, intensity and other structural properties of the bottles. Also, the difference between inside and outside temperature profiles could make a significant impact on the final product quality. The preforms are preheated by infrared heating oven system which is often an open loop system and relies heavily on trial and error approach to adjust the lamp power settings. In this paper, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network model, optimized by a two-stage selection (TSS) algorithm combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO), is developed to model the nonlinear relations between the lamp power settings and the output temperature profile of PET bottles. Then an improved PSO method for lamp setting adjustment using the above model is presented. Simulation results based on experimental data confirm the effectiveness of the modelling and optimization method.

Straw retention, an alternative to artificial fertilization, commonly mitigates soil degradation and positively affects soil fertility. In this study, we investigated the succession of soil bacteria during two sugarcane straw retention treatments (control (CK) and sugarcane straw retention (SR)) and at four depths (0&ndash, 10, 10&ndash, 20, 20&ndash, 30, and 30&ndash, 40 cm) in fallow soil in a sugarcane cropping system. Using an Illumina MiSeq (16S rRNA) and soil enzyme activity, we explored the SR influence on soil bacterial communities and enzyme activities and its inclusive impact on soil fertility, with an emphasis on topsoil (0&ndash, 10 cm) and subsoil (10&ndash, 40 cm). Our results show that SR effectively improved soil fertility indicators (C, N, and P), including enzyme activities (C and N cycling), throughout the soil profile: these soil parameters greatly improved in the topsoil compared to the control. Sugarcane straw retention and soil depth (0&ndash, 10 cm vs. 10&ndash, 40 cm) were associated with little variation in bacterial species richness and alpha diversity throughout the soil profile. Subsoil and topsoil bacterial communities differed in composition. Compared to the CK treatment, SR enriched the topsoil with Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae, while the subsoil was depleted in Nitrospirae and Acidobacteria. Similarly, SR enriched the subsoil with Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidetes, while the topsoil was depleted in Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Planctomycetes compared to the CK. At the genus level, SR enriched the topsoil with Gp1, Gp2, Gp5, Gp7, Gemmatimonas, Kofleria, Sphingomonas, and Gaiella, which decompose lignocellulose and contribute to nutrient cycling. In summary, SR not only improved soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities but also enriched bacterial taxa involved in lignocellulosic decomposition and nutrient cycling (C and N) throughout the soil profile. However, these effects were stronger in topsoil than in subsoil, suggesting that SR enhanced fertility more in topsoil than in subsoil in fallow land.

As an important carrier for recording the details of case in the field of criminal investigation, case records contain address of the crime scene which is crucial to the case analysis. This paper uses Lattice LSTM to extract address from case records which combines the advantages of the character-based and word-based models. It can exploit word and word sequence information without performing Chinese word segmentation. For the purpose of optimizing the model, this paper proposes a word vector template which is generated by address repository of Shanghai to pretrain more accurate and more controllable word embeddings. The experiment shows that the model achieves the performance with the precision rate of 96.49%, recall rate of 94.83% and F1 score of 95.65%.

Wnt7a is a member of the WNT gene family, which encodes secreted signaling proteins and responds to many biological processes. Specifically Wnt7a influences satellite stem cells and regulates the regenerative potential of the muscle. However, similar researches about the bovine Wnt7a gene are lacking. Therefore, in this study, polymorphisms of the bovine Wnt7a gene were detected in 488 individuals from Chinese Qinchuan cattle by DNA pooling, forced PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequencing methods. 3 novel SNPs were identified, two SNPs (g.T4926C and g.A21943G) were in the intron and the last one (g.C63777T) was in the exon. Five haplotypes involved in these three variant sites in the Wnt7a gene were identified and their effects on growth traits were analyzed. The results revealed that haplotype 1 had the highest haplotype frequencies and was highly significantly associated with body height (P

A metal-free pathway for constructing 6-aryl(alkyl)thiophenanthridines through oxidative cascade cyclization of isocyanides with thiols is developed. This pathway is characterized by SH bond cleavage of commercially available thiols, and subsequent CS/CC bond formation, which is suitable for a wide scope of substrates and by which a variety of 6-aryl(alkyl)thiophenanthridines could be synthesized in good to excellent yields.

cope Olive products, the hallmark of Mediterranean diet, are associated with reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We and other groups have shown that hydroxytyrosol (HT), a bioactive compound of olive products, ameliorates oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural toxicity. However, whether HT in Mediterranean diet acts as a functional ingredient in delaying AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods and results In the present study, APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, were administrated for 6 months with 5 mg/kg/day of HT, a comparable level of HT in daily Mediterranean diet. HT improved electroencephalography activity and marginally benefited cognitive behavior of transgenic mice. In addition, HT treatment ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced mitochondrial carbonyl protein, enhanced superoxide dismutase 2 expression, reversed the phase 2 enzyme system and reduced the levels of brain inflammatory markers, but had no effect on brain β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions These results suggest that HT may represent as a functional ingredient in Mediterranean diet in ameliorating AD-involved neuronal impairment via modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and apoptosis without affecting APP processing.

Commercial window is a practical art which has practical function and aesthetic value. It is not only an important part of the beauty of the appearance of the whole commercial building, but also the elements of the urban landscape space. This paper discusses the beauty of space image, the beauty of creative expression, the beauty of information presented, the beauty of environmental dependence, and put forward the importance of aesthetic theory in the design practice. Keywords—commercial window; aesthetic theory; space; visual; aesthetic

The elongated three-helix bundle domains spectrin R16 and R17 fold some two to three orders of magnitude more slowly than their homologue R15. We have shown that this slow folding is due, at least in part, to roughness in the free-energy landscape of R16 and R17. We have proposed that this roughness is due to a frustrated search for the correct docking of partly preformed helices. However, this accounts for only a small part of the slowing of folding and unfolding. Five residues on the A helix of R15, when inserted together into R16 or R17, increase the folding rate constants, reduce landscape roughness, and alter the folding mechanism to one resembling R15. The effect of each of these mutations individually is investigated here. No one mutation causes the behavior seen for the five in combination. However, two mutations, E18F and K25V, significantly increase the folding and unfolding rates of both R16 and R17 but without a concomitant loss in landscape roughness. E18F has the greatest effect on the kinetics, and a Φ-value analysis of the C helix reveals that the folding mechanism is unchanged. For both E18F and K25V the removal of the charge and resultant transition state stabilization is the main origin of the faster folding. Consequently, the major cause of the unusually slow folding of R16 and R17 is the non-native burial of the two charged residues in the transition state. The slowing due to landscape roughness is only about fivefold.

A non-isothermal finite element (FE) model for the injection stretch-blow molding (ISBM) process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles is presented in this paper. The constitutive behavior of PET is modeled by the physically based Buckley glass-rubber model in form of UMAT in ABAQUS. The heat transfer between the stretch rod, the preform, and the mold is modeled. Particular attention is paid to thermal and contact modeling, material model, and selection of proper element types. Extensive FE simulations are carried out to model ISBM of a 20 g-330 ml bottle made in plant tests. Comparisons of numerical results with the measurements demonstrate that the model can satisfactorily predict the bottle thickness and material distributions. Significant nonlinear differentials are found in strain, temperature, and temperature reduction rate in both bottle thickness and length direction during the process. A volume approach is therefore necessary for accurate predictions of final bottle properties because they are governed by orientation and crystallinity, which are highly temperature and strain dependent. Parametric studies on contact modeling and heat transfer coefficient are also conducted and the results are discussed. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1379–1390, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

The injection stretch-blow Moulding (ISBM) process is typically used to manufacture PET containers for the beverage and consumer goods industry. The process is somehow complex and users often have to heavily rely on trial and error methods to setup and control it. In this paper, a novel identification method based on a radial basis function (RBF) network model and heuristic optimization methods, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), deferential evolution (DE), and extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed for the modelling and control of bottle section weights. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the non-linear parameters are optimized in a continuous space while the hidden nodes are selected one by one in a discrete space using a two-stage selection algorithm. The computational complexity is significantly reduced due to a recursive updating mechanism. Experimental results on simulation data from ABAQUS are presented to confirm the superiority of the proposed method.