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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading reasons for background prescribing antibacterial therapy (ABT) in pediatric practice. In 2015, the Russian Pediatric Respiratory Society published a guideline on CAP in children. Objective. To assess compliance with the recommendations of starting ABT for CAP of pediatric inpatients in various regions of the Russia. Materials and methods. We reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients with CAP who were hospitalized in 2017–2018. The study was in 6 regions of the Russia. A total of 793 cases of CAP were studied in children aged 1 month to 16 years. We analyzed data from patients, such as demographic indicators, severity of the disease, the presence and nature of complications, and starting ABT. Results. The patient’s age ranged from 1 month to 16 years (average – 4.33 years). The amount of cases of severe CAP was 5.55%, in the remaining 94.45% of cases there was a moderate CAP. Complications were present among 3.91% of patients. The overwhelming majority of patients received parenteral ABT (more than 89%). In the majority of cases, third-generation cephalosporins (65.2%) were used as starting therapy. Amoxicillin was prescribed in only 4.04% of patients. The combination therapy was used in 13.27% of cases (beta-lactam with macrolides or aminoglycosides used most often). We found a significant discrepancy between the actual practice of the recommendations: excessive use of parenteral and combined ABT, private prescription of 3rd generation cephalosporins and rare prescription of amoxicillin, the use of aminoglycosides (including as monotherapy). Conclusion. The use of antibiotics for CAP in children in Russia is often incorrect, which can reduce the effectiveness of treatment and contribute to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Increased education of pediatricians in ABT and the introduction of antibiotic control is required to address this problem. Key words: children, community-acquired pneumonia, antibiotic therapy

BACKGROUND: Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been suggested to be a key component of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). A better understanding of endothelial pathways involved in vasodilation in human arterioles may provide new insight into the mechanisms of CMD. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of TRPV4, NOX4, and their interaction in human arterioles and examine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Arterioles were freshly isolated from adipose and heart tissues obtained from 71 patients without coronary artery disease, and vascular reactivity was studied by videomicroscopy. In human adipose arterioles (HAA), ACh-induced dilation was significantly reduced by TRPV4 inhibitor HC067047 and by NOX 1/4 inhibitor GKT137831, but GKT137831 did not further affect the dilation in the presence of TRPV4 inhibitors. GKT137831 also inhibited TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A-induced dilation in HAA and human coronary arterioles (HCA). NOX4 transcripts and proteins were detected in endothelial cells of HAA and HCA. Using fura-2 imaging, GKT137831 significantly reduced GSK1016790A-induced Ca(2+) influx in the primary culture of endothelial cells and TRPV4-WT-overexpressing human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). However, GKT137831 did not affect TRPV4-mediated Ca(2+) influx in non-phosphorylatable TRPV4-S823A/S824A-overexpressing HCAEC. In addition, treatment of HCAEC with GKT137831 decreased the phosphorylation level of Ser824 in TRPV4. Finally, proximity ligation assay (PLA) revealed co-localization of NOX4 and TRPV4 proteins. CONCLUSION: Both TRPV4 and NOX4 contribute to ACh-induced dilation in human arterioles from patients without coronary artery disease. NOX4 increases TRPV4 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, which in turn enhances TRPV4-mediated Ca(2+) entry and subsequent endothelium-dependent dilation in human arterioles.

Many care settings are characterized by collaboration between a variety of stakeholders. People without natural speech who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are often strongly dependent on the involved stakeholders and collaboration among them. Since collaboration can be challenged by many barriers, this study examines the impact of a complex intervention on collaboration in AAC care.In a quasi-experimental mixed methods intervention study which include AAC training, AAC therapy and case management, caregivers of AAC users were surveyed at 3 time points to assess collaboration and case management in the intervention versus comparison group. In addition, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with caregivers in the intervention group. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and by comparison of means. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.The Mann-WhitneyThe results show a positive impact of the intervention on the collaboration between stakeholders involved in AAC care - especially with active stakeholders. In particular, the organization of care and the accompanying case management by the AAC consultation centers seem to positively affect collaboration.

We have studied the level of antibacterial antibodies to E coli. Rg. mirabilis, Ps. aeruginosa, Bact. fragilis, St. aureus, as well as to the endotoxin of grammatical bacteria (glycolipid - HLP) by enzyme immunoassay in plasma in patients with varying degrees of prevalence of the pyoinflammatory process in the abdominal cavity.

In recent years, the search for glassy and ceramic Li+ superionic conductors has received significant attention, mainly due to the renaissance of interest in all-solid-state batteries. Here, we report the mechanochemical synthesis of metastable Li7GeS5Br, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first compound of the Li2S-GeS2-LiBr system. Applying combined synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron powder diffraction, we show Li7GeS5Br to crystallize in the F43m space group and to be isostructural with argyrodite-type Li6PS5Br, but with a distinct difference in the S2-/Br- site disorder (and improved anodic stability). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates an electrical (ionic) conductivity of 0.63 mS cm-1 at 298 K, with an activation energy for conduction of 0.43 eV. This is supported by temperature-dependent 7Li pulsed-field gradient-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. Overall, the results demonstrate that novel (metastable) argyrodite-type solid electrolytes can be prepared via mechanochemistry that are not accessible by conventional solid-state synthesis routes.

The mobile application "RELASCOPE+" was developed and tested in order to automate and expedite the determination of the stand density index in the forest to make decisions on the purpose of a series of forestry activities. To determine the need for sanitary felling on the basis of measurements on relascopic sample plots was the main problem. The fundamental difference between the operation of the mobile application, unlike the foreign counterparts, was not the simple calculation of basal area of trees on sample plots, but with the simultaneous distribution of accounting trees by species and sanitary conditions categories. Therefore, it was decided to use the smartphone directly as a counter. To clarify the correctness of the determination of the composition, stand density index and volume, 4 sample plots of rectangular shape were specially laid, where a complete enumeration was made and measurements were additionally made on 16 relascopic sections. In addition, a complete enumeration of trees with sanitary conditions categories was carried out on one site, after which measurements were made on relascopic sample plots using the "RELASCOPE+" application. It was possible to complete the field works almost five times faster without any camera work, when determining the basal area by the method of relascope measurement, using relascope coefficient (BAF) = 1 and the mobile application "RELASCOPE+". A certain decrease of the stand density index was observed in comparison with the complete enumeration method from 4 to 20 %, when applying the method of relascope measurement. The express method demonstrated satisfactory accuracy in determining the sanitary condition. We believe that this express method should be further introduced into production as an alternative way of determining needs for the appointment of an appropriate type of sanitary felling, considering that the use of the proposed method of determining the of basal area and volume per 1 ha in the categories of tree sanitary condition, is capable of reducing labor and time consumption. In the process of carrying out by relascope measurement using a smartphone, it was decided to refine the model of relascope by changing the method of attachment and distance to the eyes. A prospect for further studies is to justify the use of the relascope coefficient, depending on the mean diameter and the stand density index.

The induction and inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) growth are of academic and biotechnological interests. The purification and functional study of two compounds produced by Escherichi...

Polymer electrolytes are considered potential key enablers for lithium-metal batteries due to their compatibility with the lithium-metal negative electrode. Herein, cross-linked self-standing single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes are obtained via a facile UV-initiated radical polymerization using pentaerythritol tetraacrylate as the cross-linker and lithium (3-methacryloyloxypropylsulfonyl)-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the ionic functional group. Incorporating propylene carbonate as charge-transport supporting additive allowed for achieving single-ion conductivities of 0.21 mS cm$^{-1}$ at 20 °C and 0.40 mS cm$^{-1}$ at 40 °C, while maintaining a suitable electrochemical stability window for 4 V-class positive electrodes (cathodes). As a result, this single-ion polymer electrolyte featured good cycling stability and rate capability in Li||LiFePO$_{4}$ and Li||LiNi$_{0.6}$Mn$_{0.2}$Co$_{0.2}$O$_{2}$ cells. These results render this polymer electrolyte as potential alternative to liquid electrolytes for high-energy lithium-metal batteries.

The article gives a description of a new culture for the southeast of Western Siberia, which can become one of the valuable sources of obtaining high-quality feed. The nutritional and energy value, biochemical composition in terms of the content of organic substances and mineral elements (calcium and phosphorus) of the dry mass are considered. The yield of green mass, the elements of its structure are shown. The research results indicate that Trigonella foenum-graecum grown in the conditions of the southeast of Western Siberia has a high nutritional and energy value of green mass. Reliable differences in the yield of green mass were revealed on average depending on the seeding rates. The maximum crop yield was obtained when sowing at a rate of 2 million/ha. The seeding rate of 3 million/ha ensured the maximum nutritional value of the dry matter.

Determine the influence of the anatomical features and sizes of the lateral pocket with a defect on the choice of surgical access and the quality of the performed plastics.A retrospective analysis of computed tomograms of 38 patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia about defects of the skull base in the area of the lateral pocket of the sphenoid sinus. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the approach used (the 1st group), the recurrence rate (the 2nd group), and the characteristics of intraoperative visualization of the defect (the 3rd group).There were no statistically significant differences in anatomical features in patients who underwent trans-pterygoid and transsphenoidal approaches, as well as in patients of the 2nd group. Patients of the 3rd group (with visualization features) showed statistically significant differences between the distance from the defect to the VR line (The anatomical features of the lateral pocket structure (type of pneumatization, size and volume) did not affect the choice of access to the defect and the frequency of recurrence. When comparing the approaches, it was noted that the trans-pterygoid access, providing direct visualization of defects, minimizes the risk of recurrence in the postoperative period. An objective anatomical indicator for choosing an access to the defects of the lateral pocket can be the distance from the defect to the VR line: at a distance of more than 0.7 cm, it is advisable to perform a trans-pterygoid approach; at a distance of less than 0.7 cm, it is possible to achieve direct visualization of the defect and perform high-quality plastic surgery with a transsphenoidal access.Определить влияние анатомических особенностей и размеров латерального кармана с дефектом на выбор хирургического доступа и качество произведенной пластики.Выполнен ретроспективный анализ компьютерных томограмм 38 пациентов, которым проведено хирургическое лечение в ФГАУ «НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России по поводу дефектов основания черепа в области латерального кармана клиновидной пазухи. Пациенты разделены на три группы: в зависимости от применяемого доступа (1-я группа), частоты рецидивов (2-я группа) и особенностей интраоперационной визуализации дефекта (3-я группа).В анатомических особенностях у пациентов, которым выполняли транскрылонебный и транссфеноидальный доступ, а также у пациентов 2-й группы статистически значимые различия отсутствовали. У пациентов 3-й группы (с особенностями визуализации) отмечены статистически значимые различия между расстоянием от дефекта до линии VR (Анатомические особенности строения латерального кармана (вид пневматизации, размеры и объем) не оказывали влияния на выбор доступа к дефекту и на частоту возникновения рецидивов. При сравнении доступов отмечено, что транскрылонебный доступ, обеспечивая прямую визуализацию дефектов, сводит к минимуму риск развития рецидивов в послеоперационном периоде. Объективным анатомическим показателем для выбора доступа к дефектам латерального кармана может служить расстояние от дефекта до линии VR: при расстоянии более 0,7 см целесообразно выполнять транскрылонебный доступ, при расстоянии менее 0,7 см можно добиться прямой визуализации дефекта и выполнения качественной пластики с транссфеноидальным доступом.

Polymerized ionic liquids (PIL) are an interesting substance class, which is discussed to transfer the outstanding properties and tunability of ionic liquids into a solid material. In this study we extend our previous research on ammonium based PIL and discuss the influence of additives and their usability as polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium ion batteries. The polymer electrolyte is thereby used as replacement for the commercially widespread system of a separator that is soaked with liquid electrolyte. The influence of the material composition on the ionic conductivity (via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and the diffusion coefficients (via pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were studied and cell tests with adapted membrane materials were performed. High amounts of the additional ionic liquid (IL) MPPyrr-TFSI (1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) increased the ionic conductivity of the materials up to 1.3·10−4 S·cm−1 but made the usage of a cross-linker necessary to obtain mechanically stable membranes. The application of liquid electrolyte mixtures with ethylene carbonate (EC) and MPPyrr-TFSI decreased ionic conductivity values down to the 10−9 S·cm−1 range, but increased 7Li diffusion coefficients with increasing amounts of EC up to 1.7·10−10 m2·s−1. Cell tests with two membrane mixtures proofed that it is possible to build electrolyte membranes on basis of the polymerized ionic liquids, but also showed that further research is necessary to ensure stable and efficient cell cycling.