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BACKGROUND Some oleaginous fungi can produce large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) which serve many physiological functions. Numerous desaturases are critical for the synthesis of PUFAs. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of lipid production and desaturase gene expression in Mortierella sp. AGED in response to different environmental factors, and the relationships between lipid production and desaturase gene expression. RESULTS The fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of desaturase genes were significantly changed under low temperatures. With the exception of Δ5-desaturase, the transcript levels of all desaturase genes increased at a temperature of 20 °C. Changes in content of lipid and PUFAs responding to low temperature were consistent with desaturase gene expression. Time course studies on gene expression showed that mRNA levels of four desaturase genes increased rapidly after transferring the cells to low temperature. Ethanol (1.5% v/v) increased the transcript levels of Δ9-, Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase genes significantly and of Δ12-desaturase gene slightly. Different metal ions such as Ca2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+ could stimulate PUFA synthesis and up-regulate desaturase gene transcription, while Cu2+ inhibited desaturase gene expression and lipid accumulation. CONCLUSION This study should enable us to understand the regulatory mechanism of desaturase gene expression and lipid synthesis. It is helpful to improve PUFA productivity in Mortierella sp. AGED. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A grading countercurrent extraction method was used to separate polymeric proanthocyanidins (LPPC) from degreased Larix gmelinii bark, and the purification of LPPC was performed using HP-2MGL resin. The purity of LPPC was 26.37%. The cumulative recovery rate of purified product (LPPC-1) was 98.54% by the adsorption method of HP-2MGL resin. The purity of LPPC-1 was 99.79%. Catalytic hydrogenolysis tests of LPPC-1 were performed by means of a palladium carbon catalyst. The degradation rate was 67.5%, and the residual rate was 72.1%. The results of antioxidant ability showed that the degradation product (LHOPC) had more excellent antioxidant ability compared with LPPC-1, VC, TBHQ, grape seed extract, and pine bark extract. The results, through the analysis of the linear model of MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, revealed that LHOPC was oligomeric with the tetramer as the major component and the distribution ranging from the trimer to eleven units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laccase is useful for various biotechnological and industrial applications. The white-rot fungus Trametes velutina 5930 and its laccase, isolated from the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in China by our laboratory, has great potential for practical application in environmental biotechnology. However, the original level of laccase produced by Trametes velutina 5930 was relatively low in the absence of any inducer. Therefore, in order to enhance the laccase production by Trametes velutina 5930 and make better use of this fungus in the field of environmental biotechnology, the regulation of laccase production and laccase gene expression in Trametes velutina 5930 were investigated in this study. Different metal ions such as Cu2+ and Fe2+ could stimulate the laccase synthesis and laccase gene transcription in Trametes velutina 5930. Some aromatic compounds structurally related to lignin, such as tannic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid and guaiacol, could also enhance the level of laccase activity and laccase gene transcription. We also found that there existed a positive synergistic effect of aromatic compound and metal ion on the laccase production and laccase gene transcription in Trametes velutina 5930. Taken together, our study may contribute to the improvement of laccase productivity by Trametes velutina 5930. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and the satisfaction on aesthetic effectiveness of application of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique in maxillary lateral incisor implant site. METHODS: Ninety patients were selected who only lost maxillary lateral incisor and placed with 101 implants (the implant systems were 3i, Osstem, ITI, Ankylos, BLB). The final restorations were porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. Clinical and X-ray examinations were conducted and esthetic results were observed at 3, 6,12 months after dental implant prosthetics. RESULTS: The follow-up time was 12 months, all patients achieved successful implantation and good osseointegration around the implant. The esthetic results were perfect. Among the 90 cases, 90.7%, 92.8% and 95.5% of the patients were satisfied with the final outcomes 3, 6, 12 months after prosthetics. CONCLUSIONS: Good clinical effectiveness and satisfaction on aesthetic effectiveness can be obtained with GBR technique applied in maxillary lateral incisor implant site. Appropriate use of GBR technique is the solution of bone detect of maxillary lateral incisor implant site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the capability of integrating the information storage and computing in the same physical location, in-memory computing with memristors has become a research hotspot as a promising route for non von Neumann architecture. However, it is still a challenge to develop high performance devices as well as optimized logic methodologies to realize energy-efficient computing. Herein, filamentary Cu/GeTe/TiN memristor is reported to show satisfactory properties with nanosecond switching speed (<60 ns), low voltage operation (<2 V), high endurance (>104 cycles) and good retention (>104 s @85 °C). It is revealed that the charge carrier conduction mechanisms in high resistance and low resistance states are Schottky emission and hopping transport between the adjacent Cu clusters, respectively, based on the analysis of current–voltage behaviors and resistance–temperature characteristics. An intuitive picture is given to describe the dynamic processes of resistive switching. Moreover, based on the basic material implication (IMP) logic circuit, we proposed a reconfigurable logic method and experimentally implemented IMP, NOT, OR, and COPY logic functions. Design of a one-bit full adder with reduction in computational sequences and its validation in simulation further demonstrate the potential practical application. The results provide important progress towards understanding of resistive switching mechanism and realization of energy-efficient in-memory computing architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memristive stateful logic has emerged as a promising next-generation in-memory computing paradigm to address escalating computing-performance pressures in traditional von Neumann architecture. Here, we present a nonvolatile reprogrammable logic method that can process data between different rows and columns in a memristive crossbar array based on material implication (IMP) logic. Arbitrary Boolean logic can be executed with a reprogrammable cell containing four memristors in a crossbar array. In the fabricated Ti/HfO2/W memristive array, some fundamental functions, such as universal NAND logic and data transfer, were experimentally implemented. Moreover, using eight memristors in a 2  ×  4 array, a one-bit full adder was theoretically designed and verified by simulation to exhibit the feasibility of our method to accomplish complex computing tasks. In addition, some critical logic-related performances were further discussed, such as the flexibility of data processing, cascading problem and bit error rate. Such a method could be a step forward in developing IMP-based memristive nonvolatile logic for large-scale in-memory computing architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The overexpression of G6PD promotes migration and invasion in LN229 glioma cells. • SQSTM1 is a novel downstream molecular target of G6PD in LN229 glioma cells. • G6PD maintains SQSTM1 expression by regulating protein stability. Glioma is an incurable brain tumor with high recurrence due to the frequent invasion of neoplastic cells. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a critical enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) whose aberrant expression drives the pathogenesis of various cancers. Recent research has identified other moonlight modes of enzymes besides the well-known regulation of metabolic reprogramming. Here, we identified previously unexplored roles of G6PD in glioma via gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. Furthermore, survival analyses revealed that glioma patients with high G6PD expression had a worse outcome than patients with low G6PD expression (Hazard Ratio (95%CI): 2.96 (2.41, 3.64), p = 3.5E-22). Combined with functional assays, G6PD was shown to be related with the migration and invasion in glioma. G6PD knockdown could inhibit the migration in LN229 cells. And G6PD overexpression enhanced LN229 cell migration and invasion. Mechanically, the knockdown of G6PD reduced sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) protein stability under cycloheximide (CHX) treatment. Moreover, the overexpression of SQSTM1 rescued the impaired migrated and invasive phenotypes in G6PD-silenced cells. Clinically, we validated the role of G6PD-SQSTM1 axis in glioma prognosis by constructing the multivariate cox proportional hazards regression model. These results define a pivotal function of G6PD in modulating SQSTM1 to promote glioma aggressiveness. And G6PD may be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in glioma. G6PD-SQSTM1 axis may be a potential prognostic biomarker in glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global industrialization and modernization have witnessed a rapid progress made in agricultural production, along with the issue of soil heavy metal (HM) pollution, which has posed severe threats to soil quality, crop yield, and human health. Phytoremediation, as an alternative to physical and chemical methods, offers a more cost-effective, eco-friendly, and aesthetically appealing means for in-situ remediation. Despite its advantages, traditional phytoremediation faces challenges, including variable soil physicochemical properties, the bioavailability of HMs, and the slow growth and limited biomass of plants used for remediation. This study presents a critical overview of the predominant plant-based HM remediation strategies. It expounds upon the mechanisms of plant absorption, translocation, accumulation, and detoxification of HMs. Moreover, the advancements and practical applications of phyto-combined remediation strategies, such as the addition of exogenous substances, genetic modification of plants, enhancement by rhizosphere microorganisms, and intensification of agricultural technologies, are synthesized. In addition, this paper also emphasizes the economic and practical feasibility of some strategies, proposing solutions to extant challenges in traditional phytoremediation. It advocates for the development of cost-effective, minimally polluting, and biocompatible exogenous substances, along with the careful selection and application of hyperaccumulating plants. We further delineate specific future research avenues, such as refining genetic engineering techniques to avoid adverse impacts on plant growth and the ecosystem, and tailoring phyto-combined strategies to diverse soil types and HM pollutants. These proposed directions aim to enhance the practical application of phytoremediation and its integration into a broader remediation framework, thereby addressing the urgent need for sustainable soil decontamination and protection of ecological and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental challenges arising from organic pollutants pose a significant problem for modern societies. Efficient microbial resources for the degradation of these pollutants are highly valuable. In this study, the bacterial community structure of sludge samples from Taozi Lake (polluted by urban sewage) was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi, which are potentially important in organic matter degradation by previous studies, were identified as the predominant phyla in our samples, with relative abundances of 48.5%, 8.3%, and 6.6%, respectively. Additionally, the FAPROTAX and co-occurrence network analysis suggested that the core microbial populations in the samples may be closely associated with organic matter metabolism. Subsequently, sludge samples from Taozi Lake were subjected to enrichment cultivation to isolate organic pollutant-degrading microorganisms. The strain Sphingobacterium sp. GEMB-CSS-01, tolerant to sulfanilamide, was successfully isolated. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that Sphingobacterium sp. GEMB-CSS-01 efficiently degraded the endocrine-disrupting compound 17β-Estradiol (E2). It achieved degradation efficiencies of 80.0% and 53.5% for E2 concentrations of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively, within 10 days. Notably, despite a reduction in degradation efficiency, Sphingobacterium sp. GEMB-CSS-01 retained its ability to degrade E2 even in the presence of sulfanilamide concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L. The findings of this research identify potential microbial resources for environmental bioremediation, and concurrently provide valuable information about the microbial community structure and patterns within Taozi Lake. [Display omitted] • Indigenous bacterial consortia in polluted Taozi Lake offer bioremediation potential. • Isolation of Sphingobacterium sp. GEMB-CSS-01 for efficient 17β-Estradiol degradation. • CSS-01 could degrade 17β-Estradiol in a coexistence system with sulfanilamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil arsenic (As) phytoremediation has long faced the challenge of efficiently absorbing As by plant accumulators while maintaining their health and fast growth. Even at low doses, arsenic is highly toxic to plants. Therefore, plant growth-promoting microorganisms that can mediate As accumulation in plants are of great interest. In this study, the endophyte Enterobacter sp. YG-14 (YG-14) was found to have soil mobilization activity. By constructing a siderophore synthesis gene deletion mutant (Δ entD) of YG-14, the endophyte was confirmed to effectively mobilize Fe-As complexes in mining soil by secreting enterobactin, releasing bioavailable Fe and As to the rhizosphere. YG-14 also enhances As accumulation in host plants via extracellular polymer adsorption and specific phosphatase transfer protein (PitA) absorption. The root accumulation of As was positively correlated with YG-14 root colonization. In addition, YG-14 promoted plant growth and alleviated oxidative damage in R. pseudoacacia L. under arsenic stress. This is the first study, from phenotype, physiology, and molecular perspectives, to determine the role of endophyte in promoting As phytostabilization and maintaining the growth of the host plant. This demonstrated the feasibility of using endophytes with high siderophore production to assist host plants in As phytoremediation. [Display omitted] • Endophyte YG-14 could adsorb 156.09 mg kg-1 and absorb 33.02 mg kg-1 of arsenate • YG-14 mobilized Fe-As complexes in soil by secreting siderophores • YG-14 increased 2.73 folds As root fixation by activate-uptake-colonize strategy • YG-14 promoted root antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthesis, and development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • WRF P. ostreatus GEMB-PO1 exhibits noteble Cu tolerance and measurable Cu removal. • Transcriptomic data reveals elevated lignocellulolytic enzyme under Cu condition. • The co-remediation by GMEB-PO1 significantly boosts organic pollutant degradation. Addressing the environmental contamination from heavy metals and organic pollutants remains a critical challenge. This study explored the resilience and removal potential of Pleurotus ostreatus GEMB-PO1 for copper. P. ostreatus GEMB-PO1 showed significant tolerance, withstanding copper concentrations up to 2 mM. Its copper removal efficiency ranged from 64.56 % at 0.5 mM to 22.90 % at 8 mM. Transcriptomic insights into its response to copper revealed a marked upregulation in xenobiotic degradation-related enzymes, such as laccase and type II peroxidases. Building on these findings, a co-remediation system using P. ostreatus GEMB-PO1 was developed to remove both copper and organic pollutants. While this approach significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency of organic contaminants, it concurrently exhibited a diminished efficacy in copper removal within the composite system. This study underscores the potential of P. ostreatus GEMB-PO1 in environmental remediation. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to optimize the simultaneous removal of organic pollutants and copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female breast cancer (FBC) is a malignancy involving multiple risk factors and has imposed heavy disease burden on women. We aim to analyze the secular trends of mortality rate of FBC according to its major risk factors.Methods: Death data of FBC at the global, regional, and national levels were retrieved from the online database of Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Deaths of FBC attributable to alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low physical activity, and tobacco were collected. Estimated average percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify the temporal trends of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of FBC in 1990-2017.Results: Worldwide, the number of deaths from FBC increased from 344.9 thousand in 1990 to 600.7 thousand in 2017. The ASMR of FBC decreased by 0.59% (95% CI, 0.52, 0.66%) per year during the study period. This decrease was largely driven by the reduction in alcohol use- and tobacco-related FBC, of which the ASMR was decreased by 1.73 and 1.77% per year, respectively. In contrast, the ASMR of FBC attributable to high BMI and high FPG was increased by 1.26% (95% CI, 1.22, 1.30%) and 0.26% (95% CI, 0.23, 0.30%) per year between 1990 and 2017, respectively.Conclusions: The mortality rate of FBC experienced a reduction over the last three decades, which was partly owing to the effective control for alcohol and tobacco use. However, more potent and tailored prevention strategies for obesity and diabetes are urgently warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A comprehensive investigation of Ga 2 O 3 /diamond heterostructures, including microstructure, chemical state, and thermal conductance characteristics, was conducted by combining theory with experiments. • Deep etching analysis revealed the presence of a non-diamond sp2 peak near the interface of the heterostructure. • The heterostructure exhibited a staggered (type Ⅱ) band alignment. • The thermal conductivity of amorphous Ga 2 O 3 was 5.13 W/(m·K) and the TBC of Ga 2 O 3 /diamond was 19.22 MW/(m2·K) from TDTR measurements. In this work, the characteristics of the gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3)/diamond heterostructure were thoroughly examined after the preparation of Ga 2 O 3 thin film on bulk diamond via atomic layer deposition. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the Ga 2 O 3 film amorphous and diamond polycrystalline. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) mapping displayed remarkably smooth surfaces of the Ga 2 O 3 film and diamond substrate (RMS of 0.184 and 0.508 nm, respectively). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed conspicuous grains formed on the diamond, and small crystallites on the surface of the film. The optical characteristics were investigated via spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. Raman spectroscopy suggested a sharp diamond-related (sp3) peak and an extremely weak bulge band around 1350–1620 cm−1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated Ga 2 O 3 /diamond heterojunction to be staggered (type II) band alignment with valence band and conduction band offsets of around 1.18 eV and 2.09 eV, respectively. Moreover, according to time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements, the thermal conductivity of Ga 2 O 3 and the thermal boundary conductivity of the heterointerface were 5.13 W/(m·K) and 19.22 MW/(m2·K), respectively. These findings not only demonstrate the feasibility of Ga 2 O 3 -on-diamond hetero-integration but open up new prospects for the design and physical analysis of Ga 2 O 3 /diamond-based devices in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The controller design directly takes advantage of the tracking signal to act as a part of feedback, the output tracking performance is improved. • The output tracking control issue of the turbofan systems considers the effect of multiple disturbances on the turbofan control systems. • The developed output tracking anti-disturbance control scheme can bring an improvement on the output tracking performance of the turbofan system. A new output tracking (OT) control strategy is established for the turbofan systems involved by multiple disturbances, the measurable disturbance and unmeasurable disturbance. The control aim is to improve the OT performance, while restraining the effect of the multiple disturbances on the turbofan systems. First, an observer is formed to estimate the unmeasurable modeled disturbance. Next, a controller depending on the observer is built to capture the OT performance and the multiple disturbance restrain performance. The designed controller not only combines the disturbance estimation and the output error, but also takes advantage of the available signal to be tracked. By such a controller, the OT performance is enhanced. In the end, the developed OT anti-disturbance control scheme is performed on a hardware-in-loop simulation platform inserted with the turbofan system model to improve the OT performance of the turbofan system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Available phosphorus (AP) deficiency in soil is an important limiting factor in agricultural and forestry production. Thus, microbes with high P mobilization capacity are of great concern, especially for acidic soil where most P is fixed by Fe. Camellia oleifera is a typical acidic soil–planted oil crop with a high status in forestry economic systems in China. In this study, Streptomyces sp. CoT10 was screened and identified from C. oleifera endophytes. CoT10 could effectively mobilize different P resources, particularly showing a high solubility of 72.49 mg L−1 for FePO 4 , and was prominent in the production of different siderophores. Here, we initially assumed and confirmed that the Fe–P mobilization function of CoT10 was directly mediated by its siderophores. Application of CoT10 in C. oleifera could benefit P fraction transformation by mobilizing insoluble P and Fe, thus improving 15.35% AP content in soil and promoting plant growth with high P and Fe acquisition. In addition, CoT10 inoculation improved microbial diversity, with the proportions of some dominant groups, such as Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, obviously enriched by 21.32%, 7.93%, and 38.95%, respectively. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA), network analysis and functional prediction indicated that CoT10 inoculation improved the microbial interactions in C. oleifera rhizosphere soil and balanced the soil microbial P- and Fe-related functional roles. The results of Streptomyces sp. CoT10 and its siderophores provide a valuable approach to regulate P mobilization in iron-rich soil for the sustainable and eco-friendly development of plant-related industries. [Display omitted] • Endophyte Streptomyces sp. CoT10 mobilizes insoluble Fe-fixed P through siderophores. • CoT10 broadly improves AP content for soils from various regions in southern China. • CoT10 benefits soil bacterial community and P-cycling function. • Microbial siderophores provide a novel approach to solve P-deficient problem in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a well-known protein family that is widely distributed in many organisms. Members of this family have been implicated in a broad range of reactions involved in the metabolism of various organic compounds. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that the CYP450 enzyme also participates in the elimination and degradation of organic pollutants, by white rot fungi (WRF), a famous group of natural degraders. This paper reviews previous investigations of white rot fungal CYP450 involved in the biodegradation of organic pollutants, with a special focus on inhibitory experiments, and the direct and indirect evidence of the role of white rot fungal CYP450 in bioremediation. The catalytic mechanisms of white rot fungal CYP450, its application potential, and future prospect for its use in bioremediation are then discussed. [Display omitted] • Reviewed the role of CYP450s in the biodegradation of organic pollutants by WRF. • The inhibitory experiments and the evidence for WRF CYP450s in bioremediation were presented. • Discussed the catalytic mechanisms of WRF CYP450s in organic pollutants biodegradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White-rot fungi (WRF), a resource with potential environmental applications, are well known for their extensive organic compound degradation abilities. The unique oxidative and extracellular ligninolytic systems of WRF, that exhibit low substrate specificity, enable them to display a considerable ability to transform or degrade different organic pollutants in the environment. In recent decades, the application of WRF for environmental purposes has expanded with the accumulation of knowledge and advancements in heavy metal pollution remediation. Various WRF strains, including Phanerochaete chrysosporium , Pleurotus ostreatus , Ganoderma lucidum , Trametes versicolor , Irpex lacteus , Lentinus edodes , Coriolus versicolor , and Schizophyllum commune , have been reported to be able to remediate heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Hg. In this paper, we provide an overview of WRF mediated heavy-metal pollutants removal, review the recent achievements and progress in heavy metal remediation using WRF, and pay attention to the co-remediation of heavy metal and organic pollutants by WRF. The mechanisms of heavy-metal pollutants remediation by WRF are also discussed. Furthermore, we address the associated problems and future research prospects. [Display omitted] • Reviewed recent achievements and progress in heavy metal remediation using WRF. • Co-remediation of heavy metal and organic pollutants by WRF is discussed. Addresses the associated problems and mechanisms in heavy metal remediation by WRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Seven new withanolides were isolated from the aerial parts of T. anomalum. • All the isolates (1–33) were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities. • Some withanolides showed strong cytotoxic activities. • 24 exhibited the highest activities against the MDA-MB-231 cells. • The antiproliferative mechanism of 24 on MDA-MB-231 cells was further discussed. Seven undescribed withanolides (1 – 7) and six artificial withanolides (8 – 13), along with 20 known compounds (14 – 33) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tubocapsicum anomalum. Their structures were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was defined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. All isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against five human tumor cell lines (Hep3B, MDA-MB-231, SW480, HCT116 and A549), among which compound 24 (tubocapsanolide A) exhibited the highest activities against the MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC 50 value of 1.89 ± 1.03 μM. Further studies showed that 24 exhibited significant damage to mitochondria in MDA-MB-231 cells, including excess reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis initiation. In addition, compound 24 also inhibited cell migration. These findings show that tubocapsanolide A may be a promising molecule for triple-negative breast cancer treatment and merit further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of using metronomic S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC)., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients diagnosed with LANPC between January 2016 and December 2021. All patients were treated with induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without metronomic chemotherapy (MC). Toxicities during MC were recorded. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier methods, propensity score matching (PSM), and Cox proportional hazards model were used for statistical analyses., Results: A total of 474 patients were identified, including 64 (13.5%) and 410 (83.5%) patients with or without receiving MC, respectively. Patients who received metronomic S-1 had significantly better 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (100% vs. 90.9%, p=0.038), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (98.5% vs. 84.1%, p=0.002), disease-free survival (DFS) (98.4% vs. 77.5%, p < 0.001), and overall survival (OS) (98.0% vs. 87.7%, p=0.008) compared to those without metronomic S-1. The multivariate prognostic analysis revealed that metronomic S-1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor associated with better DMFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.074; p=0.010), DFS (HR, 0.103; p=0.002) and OS (HR, 0.127; p=0.042), but not in LRFS (p=0.071). Similar results were found using PSM. Common adverse events observed in the metronomic S-1 group included leukopenia, neutropenia, increased total bilirubin, anorexia, rash/desquamation, and hyperpigmentation. All patients with adverse events were grade 1-2., Conclusion: It is worth conducting a randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of metronomic S-1 on survival outcomes and toxicities of LANPC.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) in women is the most common malignancy worldwide, but there is still a lack of validated tools to accurately assess patient prognosis and response to available chemotherapy treatment regimens. Method: We collected ultrasound images and transcriptome data of BC from our breast center and public database. Key ultrasound features were then identified by using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and correlated with prognostic genes. Long-term survival-related genes were identified through differential expression analysis, and a prognostic evaluation model was established by using Cox regression. In addition, VPS28 from the model was identified as a promising biomarker for BC. Results: Using univariate logistic regression and SVM algorithms, we identified 12 ultrasound features significantly associated with chemotherapy response. Subsequent correlation and differential expression analyses linked 401 genes to these features, from which five key signature genes were derived using Lasso and multivariate Cox regression models. This signature not only facilitates the stratification of patients into risk-specific treatment pathways but also predicts their chemotherapy response, thus supporting personalized medicine in clinical settings. Notably, VPS28 , in the signature, emerged as a significant biomarker, strongly associated with poor prognosis, greater tumor invasiveness, and differing expression across demographic groups. Conclusion: In this study, we use ultrasound genomics to reveal a signature that can provide an effective tool for prognostic assessment and predicting chemotherapy response in patients with BC.

Endocrine therapy has become the fundamental treatment option for hormone receptor-positive (HR + ) and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2-negative (HER2 - ) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). While treatments incorporating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and 6 inhibitors are more prevalent than ever, comparisons among those regimens are scarce. The aim of the present study was to identify the most effective maintenance treatment for patients with HR + and HER2 - mBC. To this end, databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August, 2023. The endpoints comprised overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). For dichotomous variants, hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were generated, while standard mean difference (SMD) was used for consecutive variants by Bayesian network meta-analysis to make pairwise comparisons among regimens, to determine the optimal therapy. These processes were conducted using Rstudio 4.2.2 orchestrated with STATA 17.0 MP. A total of 16 randomized controlled trials including 7,174 patients with 11 interventions were analyzed. Compared with aromatase inhibitor (AI), palbociclib plus AI (PalboAI) exhibited a significantly longer PFS up to the 36th month of follow-up [HR=1.7; 95% credible interval, 1.36-2.16], including on the 3rd [OR=2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-4.47], 6th (OR=2.39; 95% CI, 1.21-4.69), 12th (OR=1.94; 95% CI, 1.34-2.79), 18th (OR=2.38; 95% CI, 1.65-3.44), 24th (OR=2.39; 95% CI, 1.67-3.43), 30th (OR=2.10; 95% CI, 1.62-2.74) and 36th (OR=2.66; 95% CI, 1.37-5.18) month of follow-up. Additionally, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant exhibited significant effects compared with AI alone between 12 and 36 months. Ribociclib plus fulvestrant, ribociclib plus AI and dalpiciclib plus AI exerted significant effects compared with AI alone between 12 and 30 months. Considering the effect on OS and PFS together with adverse reactions, safety, medical compliance and route of administration, PalboAI was found to be the optimal treatment for HR + /HER2 - mBC. However, additional head-to-head clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Jiang et al.)

Inadequate tissue volume at the lower pole of the breast following tumor excision can compromise aesthetic outcomes when employing the conventional inverted-T reconstruction technique. With the aim of reducing postoperative deformities, we have refined this technique. A total of 104 patients underwent the T technique, while 32 underwent the modified T technique and 72 underwent the traditional T technique. In this study, we present the surgical outcomes of the modified T technique group and compare both surgical and oncological outcomes with those of the traditional T technique group. In the modified T technique group, the average tumor size was 23.34 mm, and the mean operation duration was 107.75 min, which was significantly shorter than that of the traditional T technique ( p = 0.039). Additionally, the average blood loss was 95.93 mL, which was significantly lower than that of the traditional T technique ( p = 0.011). Although complication rates did not differ significantly between the two groups ( p = 0.839), the modified T technique yielded superior aesthetic outcomes compared to the traditional T technique ( p = 0.019). Survival analysis indicated no significant difference in 5-year recurrence-free survival between the two groups, both before and after propensity score matching ( p = 0.381 vs. p = 0.277). As part of our series of oncoplastic techniques for the lower breast quadrant, the modified inverted-T technique utilizes a cost-effective flap to address lower pole defects, mitigating deformities and restoring the breast's natural shape., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shi, Li, Wang, Shi, Li, Torres-de La Roche, Xu and Zhuo.)

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death that was discovered recently. For beneficial microbes to establish mutualistic relationships with hosts, precisely controlled cell death in plant cells is necessary. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in the endophyte‒plant system is poorly understood. Here, we reported that endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2, which established a sophisticated and beneficial interaction with host rice plants, caused ferroptotic cell death in rice characterized by ferroptosis- and immune-related markers. Treatments with ferroptosis inhibitors and inducers, different doses of OsiSh-2, and the siderophore synthesis-deficient mutant ΔcchH revealed that only moderate ferroptosis induced by endophytes is essential for the establishment of an optimal symbiont to enhance plant growth. Additionally, ferroptosis involved in a defence-primed state in rice, which contributed to improved resistance against rice blast disease. Overall, our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of endophyte‒plant interactions mediated by ferroptosis and suggests new directions for crop yield promotion., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: There are no clear conclusions as to whether inflammatory proteins and plasma metabolites influence erectile dysfunction (ED)., Aim: In this research, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to discover a causal relationship between inflammatory proteins, plasma metabolites, and ED., Methods: Raw data with ED, inflammatory proteins, and plasma metabolites were obtained from the MRC IEU OpenGWAS and FinnGen database. After a series of screenings, the remaining single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as instrumental variables or MR analysis to assess the relationship between genetically predicted inflammatory proteins or plasma metabolites and the pathogenesis of ED., Outcomes: The relationship between inflammatory factors and ED was fully analyzed and elaborated., Results: In the inverse variance-weighted method, there exists a significant causal relationship between 4 types of genetically predicted inflammatory proteins and 50 types of plasma metabolites with the incidence of ED. The primary discovery is that 3 inflammatory proteins, fibroblast growth factor 5, interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1, and protein S100-A12, can impact the risk of ED through plasma metabolites., Clinical Implications: ED metabolites and inflammatory proteins are also closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, warranting further exploration., Strengths and Limitations: Our analysis is based on a European population, limiting its generalizability, the genome-wide association study dataset for ED has a relatively small number of cases, and we hope for larger genome-wide association study datasets for future validation., Conclusion: This study has identified that inflammatory proteins can influence ED through plasma metabolites., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society of Sexual Medicine.)

Aims: To describe the experiences and perceptions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with a prolonged decision-making phase of treatment-seeking., Background: Previous attempts to reduce the treatment-seeking time of AMI have been less than optimal. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the situation of prehospital delay is possibly worse. Decisions to seek treatment are influenced by multiple factors and need individualised interventions. Understanding patients' external and internal experiences and psychological perceptions is essential., Design: Meta-synthesis., Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and four Chinese databases from inception to April 2022., Methods: We screened the retrieved articles with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed articles using Thomas and Harden's (BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2008 8, 45) qualitative thematic synthesis approach. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for qualitative research was used to assess the quality of studies., Results: Twenty-one studies were included, identifying four themes and nine sub-themes. The four primary themes were difficulty recognising and attributing symptoms, attempt to act, unwillingness to change and self-sacrifice., Conclusion: Deciding to seek treatment is a complex social and psychological process, which needs comprehensive interventions considering personal and sociocultural factors and factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic., Implications for the Profession And/or Patient Care: Details of interventions for decisions to seek treatment in AMI patients need to be further designed and evaluated., Impact: Results would help healthcare professionals to implement individualised management of decision-making of treatment-seeking among AMI patients, and improve medical records of patients' prehospital experiences., Reporting Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews 2020 checklist was used to report the findings., Patient or Public Contribution: Two AMI patients contributed to the data synthesis by giving simple feedback about the final themes., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Ultra-precise reflectors in the advanced light source facilities urgently call for local slope error measurements with nano-radian precision. However, the existing methods currently utilized in the long trace profiler systems struggle to meet the requirements. In this paper, we present a weak-value amplification enhanced absolute local slope measurement scheme, in which the surface height difference between two adjacent points can be measured directly with precision on the pico-meter level. As a result, the absolute local slope measurement reaches a record precision level of 9.7 nrad (RMS) with a small lateral separation of 0.5 mm. Comparing to the existing methods, our scheme is more disturbance-resistant, more compact and cost-effective. The local curvature measuring capability is also validated with two synchronously parallel local slope measurement paths, between which the separation is set as 2mm. A local curvature measurement is obtained with precision of 3.4 × 10 -6 m -1 (RMS) and its corresponding slope variation is 6.8 nrad. Our method exhibits important application prospects in the field of ultra-precise surface fabrication inspection.

Endophytes play an important role in shaping plant growth and immunity. However, the mechanisms for endophyte-induced disease resistance in host plants remain unclear. Here, we screened and isolated the immunity inducer ShAM1 from the endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2, which strongly antagonizes the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Recombinant ShAM1 can trigger rice immune responses and induce hypersensitive responses in various plant species. After infection with M. oryzae, blast resistance was dramatically improved in ShAM1-inoculated rice. In addition, the enhanced disease resistance by ShAM1 was found to occur through a priming strategy and was mainly regulated through the jasmonic acid-ethylene (JA/ET)-dependent signaling pathway. ShAM1 was identified as a novel α-mannosidase, and its induction of immunity is dependent on its enzyme activity. When we incubated ShAM1 with isolated rice cell walls, the release of oligosaccharides was observed. Notably, extracts from the ShAM1-digested cell wall can enhance the disease resistance of the host rice. These results indicated that ShAM1 triggered immune defense against pathogens by damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-related mechanisms. Our work provides a representative example of endophyte-mediated modulation of disease resistance in host plants. The effects of ShAM1 indicate the promise of using active components from endophytes as plant defense elicitors for the management of plant disease. IMPORTANCE The specific biological niche inside host plants allows endophytes to regulate plant disease resistance effectively. However, there have been few reports on the role of active metabolites from endophytes in inducing host disease resistance. In this study, we demonstrated that an identified α-mannosidase protein, ShAM1, secreted by the endophyte S. hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 could activate typical plant immunity responses and induce a timely and cost-efficient priming defense against the pathogen M. oryzae in rice. Importantly, we revealed that ShAM1 enhanced plant disease resistance through its hydrolytic enzyme (HE) activity to digest the rice cell wall and release damage-associated molecular patterns. Taken together, these findings provide an example of the interaction mode of endophyte-plant symbionts and suggest that HEs derived from endophytes can be used as environmentally friendly and safe prevention agent for plant disease control., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Effective degradation of sulfonamides (SAs) in water is of global importance for decreasing its pathogenicity and bioaccumulation. In this study, Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 was used as a carrier to fabricate a novel and high-efficient catalyst with Co 3 O 4 anchored (Co 3 O 4 @Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade SAs. Surprisingly, the catalyst exhibited superior performance, and nearly 100% of SAs (10 mg L -1 ) including sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfisoxazole (SIZ) was degraded by Co 3 O 4 @Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -activated PMS within 10 min. A series of characterization of the Co 3 O 4 @Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 composite were conducted and the main operational parameters of SMZ degradation were investigated. SO 4 •- , •OH, and 1 O 2 were determined to be the dominating reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the degradation of SMZ. Co 3 O 4 @Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 also exhibited excellent stability and the removal rate of SMZ still maintained over 99% even in the fifth cycle. The plausible pathways and mechanisms of SMZ degradation in the system of Co 3 O 4 @Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /PMS were deduced on the basis of the analyses of LCMS/MS and XPS. This is the first report on high-efficient heterogeneous activating PMS by mooring Co 3 O 4 on Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 to degrade SAs, which provides us with a strategy to structure novel bimetallic catalysts for PMS activation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a class of highly efficient pollution remediation technologies that produce oxidising radicals under specific conditions to degrade organic pollutants. The Fenton reaction is a commonly applied AOP. To combine the advantages of AOPs and biodegradation in the remediation of organic pollutants, some studies have developed coupled systems between Fenton AOPs and white rot fungi (WRF) for environmental organic pollutant remediation and have achieved some success. Moreover, a promising system, termed as advanced bio-oxidation processes (ABOPs), mediated by the quinone redox cycling of WRF, has attracted increasing attention in the field. In this ABOP system, the radicals and H 2 O 2 produced through the quinone redox cycling of WRF can strengthen Fenton reaction. Meanwhile, in this process, the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ ensures the maintenance of Fenton reaction, leading to a promising application potential for the remediation of environmental organic pollutants. ABOPs combine the advantages of bioremediation and advanced oxidation remediation. Further understanding the coupling of Fenton reaction and WRF in the degradation of organic pollutants will be of great significance for the remediation of organic pollutants. Therefore, in this study, we reviewed recent remediation techniques for organic pollutants involving the coupled application of WRF and the Fenton reaction, focusing on the application of new ABOPs mediated by WRF, and discussed the reaction mechanism and conditions of ABOPs. Finally, we discussed the application prospects and future research directions of the joint application of WRF and advanced oxidation technologies for the remediation of environmental organic pollutants., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Based on the complex aging background, more and more older people have to live in an institution in later life in China. The prevalence of cognitive frailty (CF) is more higher in institutions than in communities. Rarely studies were conducted on the relationship between institutional residence and CF. Hence, this study were performed to determine the relationship between institutional residence (living in a nursing home) and CF in older adults. A total of 1004 older community residents and 111 older nursing home residents over 50 years of age from Hefei, Anhui Province, China were recruited. CF included physical frailty (PF) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). PF was assessed using the Chinese version of the Fried frailty scale, MCI was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the common associated factors including sedentary behavior, exercise, intellectual activity, comorbidity, medication, chronic pain, sleep disorders, nutritional status and loneliness were analyzed using regression logistic models. Multivariate regression logistic analysis showed that exercise ( P  = .019, odds ratio [OR] = 0.494, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.274-0.891), intellectual activity ( P  = .019, OR = 0.595, 95% CI: 0.380-0.932), medication use ( P  = .003, OR = 2.388, 95% CI: 1.339-4.258), chronic pain ( P  = .003, OR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.013-2.465) and loneliness ( P  = .000, OR = 2.991, 95% CI: 1.728-5.175) were significantly associated with CF in community residents; however, only sedentary behavior ( P  = .013, OR = 3.851, 95% CI: 1.328-11.170) was significantly associated with CF in nursing home residents. Our findings suggest that nursing homes can effectively address many common risk factors for CF, including lack of exercise and intellectual activity, medication use, chronic pain, and loneliness, better than the community setting. Thus, residing in a nursing home is conducive to the intervention of CF., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.