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In the article the authors consider general social and special-criminological measures of prevention of criminal offenses in the field of road safety. It is pointed out that, for the most part, such criminal offenses are the result of criminally unlawful negligence and arrogance. Therefore, it cannot be said that the lion's share is committed by drivers with direct intent in order to obtain socially dangerous consequences. There are still cases caused by traffic violations by pedestrians, which significantly complicates the forecasting of such illegal acts, and therefore the timely creation of precautionary measures. The author points out that conditionally all the reasons related to the violation of traffic rules can be divided into: 1) the reasons due to the negligent attitude of the driver to perform their duties on the road (intoxication, loss of attention, etc.); 2) the reasons caused by careless attitude of pedestrians to traffic rules; 3) the reasons caused by the careless attitude of employees of service centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to performance of the duties. Thus, the main unifying factor is the negligence of the subjects involved in the organization of traffic. It is concluded that a number of criminological strategies for the prevention of criminal offenses in the field of traffic have been successfully implemented in our country. However, most of these strategies do not meet the requirements and realities of today, and therefore the criminological picture of traffic accidents remains consistently negative. This indicates the need to revise general social and special criminological measures and means of prevention, which will not only reduce the number of such socially dangerous acts, but also improve the general criminal law and criminological statistics.

AIM to determine the efficiency of different doses of erythropoietin and carbamylated darbepoetin, to prove experimentally the possibility of increasing the efficiency of carbamylated darbepoetin when using the levorotatory stereoisomer of ethoxidol. MATERIALS AND METHODS On the model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in male CD-1 mice that were undergone to contralateral nephrectomy, the nephroprotective effect of different doses of erythropoietin alfa, carbamylated darbepoetin, L-ethoxidol (the levorotatory enantiomer of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate), and the combined use of L-ethapylated carboxypyridine malate and L-etapoietin alfa was studied. The parameters of microcirculation and glomerular filtration rate were studied one day after 30-minute ischemia. RESULTS It has been established that the prophylactic use of erythropoietin alfa and carbamylated darbepoetin in the model of ischemia-reperfusion injury of a single kidney reduces the severity of microcirculatory impairment and ensures the preservation of the glomerular filtration rate in dose-dependent manner. The synergistic effect of L-ethoxidol and carbamylated darbepoetin was found when these substances were used together. CONCLUSION Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury by analogs of human erythropoietin and their combination with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine derivatives is experimentally-proved.

Context. The problem of forming complex signal ensembles on the basis of frequency band filtering and research of their properties is considered. The object of research is the process of synthesis of signal ensembles based on frequency filtering of pseudo-random sequences of short video pulses with low interaction in the time domain.Objective. It is to form complex signal ensembles with satisfactory values of intercorrelation properties, which are close to the signals with minimal energy interaction. Method. The results of the application of forming complex signal ensembles method by frequency filtering of pseudo-random sequences with low interaction in the time domain are presented. As a result of the spectral band selection of the studied pseudorandom short video pulse sequences due to the use of bandpass filters based on the Chebyshev filter of the first kind, new samples of sequences with spectrum restriction are obtained. By applying intercorrelation analysis to the obtained sequence samples, the values of the maximum emissions of the side lobes of the cross-correlation functions (CCF) for all possible signal pairs are estimated. If the values of the maximum emissions of the side lobes of the CCF signals exceed the limit values, the sequence of the analyzed pair with a smaller value of the number of pulses is removed from the ensemble. In case of satisfactory value – the received signals are accepted for the signal ensemble formation with the minimum power interaction. Thus, a new set of values of the maximum emissions of the side lobes of the CCF is formed. This approach increases the number of signals in ensembles with satisfactory values of statistical characteristics with limited signal spectrum width, and the correlation properties of such sequences approach the signals with minimal energy interaction, which reduces the level of multiple access interference. As a result, complex signal ensembles obtained by frequency filtering should be used in cognitive radio systems with code division multiplexing.Results. Based on the software implementation of the method of forming complex signal ensembles by frequency filtering of pseudo-random sequences with low interaction in the time domain, signals with satisfactory values of statistical characteristics with limited signal spectrum width with intercorrelation properties close to signals with minimal energy interaction and higher ensemble volume were selected.Conclusions. The application of frequency filtering to pseudo-random sequences of short video pulses with a low level of crosscorrelation allows to obtain complex signal ensembles, which will be similar in correlation properties to sequences with minimal energy interaction. It will reduce the level of multiple access interference. The analysis revealed that the use of frequency filtering of sequences will slightly worsen the mutual correlation properties of signals, possibly due to suboptimal synthesis of values of maximum emission levels of side lobes of CCF signals, but, nevertheless, it is possible to use such signals in modern cognitive systems radio access multiple access with code division multiplexing.

The category of personality is one of the basic concepts for psychology, but at the same time the most controversial in theoretical and methodological terms. That is why the study of personal characteristics in different populations, ethnicities, ages, professional groups, etc. still does not lose its relevance in the scientific field. Given that certain components of individual personality traits are innate, it is advisable to find connections between them and the characteristics of the human body. The purpose of the work is to determine and analyze the peculiarities of correlations between indicators of body structure and size and personality indicators of practically healthy women with mesomorphic somatotype. Primary anthropo-somatotypological and personality indicators of 33 practically healthy Ukrainian women of the first mature age of mesomorphic somatotype were selected from the data bank of materials of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. The analysis of correlations between anthropo-somatotypological and indicators of personality traits was performed in the licensed package "Statistica 6.1" using the non-parametric Spearman's method. Multiple, mostly reliable, medium-strength straight lines (r = -0.35 to -0.50), Eysenck G. insincerity scales with the majority of girth dimensions, thickness of skin and fat folds, somatotype components, and body weight component composition; multiple, mostly significant medium-strength inverse (r = -0.37 to -0.52) correlations of the exaltation character of the exalted type according to Shmishek G. with the majority of girth dimensions, the majority of pelvic sizes, somatotype components and components of body weight composition; multiple significant mean strength inverse (r = -0.38 to -0.49) correlations of the extraversion-introversion scale according to Eysenck G. with the thickness of the skin and fat folds of the upper limb and under the shoulder blade. In other cases, single, medium-strength, reliable and unreliable direct and inverse correlations of anthropo-somatotypological indicators with the leading typological characteristics of temperament, psychodynamic features of personality and indicators of severity and features of accentuated personality traits. As a result of quantitative analysis of reliable and unreliable average correlations of anthropo-somatotypological indicators with personality traits of practically healthy women of mesomorphic somatotype, the highest relative percentage of correlations was found between: leading typological characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck G. and somatotype components body weight composition and body girth; psychodynamic personality traits according to Spielberger C. D. and longitudinal body size, thickness of skin and fat folds and components of the somatotype; indicators of severity and features of accentuated personality traits according to Shmishek G. and indicators of the component composition of body weight, somatotype components, body circumference and thickness of skin and fat folds; indicators of the level of subjective control over Rotter J. and the width of the distal epiphyses of the extremities and the transverse dimensions of the body.

Cystatin C improves the risk stratification among people with diabetic nephropathy, the risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, disorders of the visual organ and nervous system in the preclinical and early stages. The aim of the study was to study the frequency of angio-, retino- and neuropathy, as well as differences in general clinical and anthropometric parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with different levels of albumin in the urine depending on cystatin C. The sample was 78 men and 62 women aged 22-26 years, patients with T1D, who were hospitalized in the therapeutic department №1 and №2 of the Vinnytsia Regional Highly Specialized Endocrinology Center. The control group consisted of 8 healthy men and 13 healthy women of the same age. The level of microalbuminuria and cystatin C was determined for all patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequency of angio-, retino- and neuropathy, general clinical (systolic, diastolic, pulse) and anthropometric (height, weight, body surface area, waist circumference, body mass index) was assessed indicators. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the license package “Statistica 5.5”, using non-parametric evaluation methods. It was found that in the group of men with cystatin C0.9 with increasing albuminuria, the percentage of patients with more severe microvascular complications of T1D. In patients with diabetes mellitus 1 compared with the control group systolic blood pressure is significantly higher and increases with increasing albumin levels in the urine (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with normo-, microalbuminuria by 4.9% and 7.2%, in women with proteinuria by 19.5%). Similar changes were found for diastolic blood pressure (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with microalbuminuria by 9.0%; in women with normo- and proteinuria by 9.5% and 21.5%) and heart rate (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with microalbuminuria by 12.0%, in women with normo-, microalbuminuria and proteinuria by 10.1%, 16.3% and 25.3%). In patients with T1D compared to the control group, the length of the body is significantly smaller and decreases with increasing levels of albumin in the urine (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with normo-, microalbuminuria by 5.2% and 7.3%, in women with normoalbuminuria and proteinuria by 2.6% and 4.3%). Similar changes were found in men for body weight (with cystatin C0.9 – with normo- and microalbuminuria by 10.2% and 25.4%) and body surface area (with cystatin C0.9 – with normo- and microalbuminuria by 8.2% and 16.2%). The size of the waist circumference in patients with T1D with normoalbuminuria is significantly higher, and in patients of other groups significantly less than in healthy subjects (with cystatin C0.9 – with microalbuminuria by 5.1%). Compared to healthy women, the waist circumference was significantly higher in sick women (with cystatin C0.9 – with normo- and proteinuria by 9.7% and 6.0%). In patients with T1D men with proteinuria compared with the control group, the value of the body mass index was significantly lower by 9.7% (cystatin C0.9) compared with healthy women. Thus, between healthy and patients with T1D with varying degrees of albuminuria, differences in general clinical and anthropometric parameters were found, and they are greater the higher the level of cystatin C.

Among the most energy-intensive industries is the production of carbon articles, therefore, the improvement of its efficiency is a relevant scientific and technical task. One of the ways to resolve the set task is to create a modern production management system.This paper considers the creation of a control system for one of the essential technological processes in carbon articles production – the process of their formation. Underlying the control system is the optimality criterion based on the specific cost of products taking into consideration their quality indicators. The control method used is Model Predictive Control (MPC). The results of studying the dependence of an optimality criterion on the setting parameters of an MPC-controller have made it possible to determine the optimum values for the prediction and control horizons, which could ensure the minimization of the products’ specific cost. The structure of the proposed control system, developed in the Simulink programming environment, makes it possible to investigate a given control system through computer simulations.The efficiency of the proposed system to control the process of carbon product molding was examined by comparing the quality of control by a given system and by the system that uses the classic PID control law. To this end, a three-circuit control system based on the PID-controllers was synthesized in the Simulink programming environment. Each controller was set, using a Powell method, for a minimum value of the integrated criterion. The results of the comparative study have demonstrated that at each operation cycle the optimality criterion value in the control system employing an MPC-controller was 8.8 % less than that in the system with PID-controllers at the same indicators of product quality. That testifies to the improvement in the technical and economic indicators of the formation process. This fact is of particular importance when taking into consideration the circularity of the technological process of carbon product formation, Одним из наиболее энергоемких производств является производство углеродных изделий, поэтому повышение эффективности данного производства является актуальной научно-технической задачей. Одним из путей решения поставленной задачи является создание современной системы управления производством.В работе рассматриваются вопросы создания системы управления одним из определяющих технологических процессов производства углеродных изделий – процессом их формирования. В основу работы системы управления положен критерий оптимальности на основе удельной себестоимости продукции с учетом показателей ее качества. Как метод управления используется МРС-управление (Model Predictive Control). Результаты проведенного исследования зависимости критерия оптимальности от параметров настроек МРС-регулятора позволили определить оптимальные значения горизонтов прогнозирования и управления, обеспечивающих минимизацию удельной себестоимости продукции. Разработана структура предложенной системы управления в среде Simulink, что позволяет исследовать данную систему управления путем компьютерного моделирования.Исследование эффективности предложенной системы управления процессом формирования углеродных изделий осуществлялось путем сравнения качества управления данной системы и системы, которая использует классический ПИД-закон управления. С этой целью в среде Simulink синтезирована трехконтурная система управления на основе ПИД-регуляторов. Настройка каждого из регуляторов проводилось методом Пауэлла на минимальное значение интегрального критерия. Результаты сравнительного исследования показали, что на каждом цикле работы значение критерия оптимальности в системе управления с МРС-регулятором на 8,8 % меньше, чем в системе с ПИД-регуляторами при одинаковых показателях качества. Это говорит об улучшении технико-экономических показателей процесса формирования. Особое значение это обстоятельство приобретает с учетом цикличности технологического процесса формирования углеродных изделий, Одним з найбільш енергоємних виробництв є виробництво вуглецевих виробів, тому підвищення ефективності даного виробництва є актуальною науково-технічною задачею. Одним із шляхів розв’язання поставленої задачі є створення сучасної системи керування виробництвом.У роботі розглядаються питання створення системи керування одним з визначальних технологічних процесів виробництва вуглецевих виробів – процесом їх формування. В основу роботи системи керування покладений критерій оптимальності на основі питомої собівартості продукції з урахуванням показників її якості. Як метод керування використовується МРС-керування (Model Predictive Control). Результати проведеного дослідження залежності критерія оптимальності від параметрів налаштувань МРС-регулятора дозволили визначити оптимальні значення горизонтів прогнозування та керування, які забезпечують мінімізацію питомої собівартості продукції. Розроблена структура запропонованої системи керування у середовищі Simulink, що дозволяє досліджувати дану систему керування шляхом комп’ютерного моделювання.Дослідження ефективності запропонованої системи керування процесом формування вуглецевих виробів здійснювалось шляхом порівняння якості керування даної системи та системи, яка використовує класичний ПІД-закон керування. З цією метою у середовищі Simulink синтезовано трьохконтурну систему керування на основі ПІД-регуляторів. Налаштування кожного з регуляторів проводилось за методом Пауела на мінімальне значення інтегрального критерію. Результати порівняльного дослідження продемонстрували, що на кожному циклі роботи значення критерію оптимальності у системі керування з МРС-регулятором на 8,8 % менше, ніж у системі з ПІД-регуляторами при однакових показниках якості продукції. Це говорить про покращення техніко-економічних показників процесу формування. Особливого значення ця обставина набуває з урахуванням циклічності технологічного процесу формування вуглецевих виробів

To assess the current state of phytoplankton in the littoral area of Lake Baikal and provide a baseline for future comparisons, we sampled spring plankton communities from the 44 littoral and 3 pelagic stations covering all three basins of the lake. The study examined chemical parameters of water (NH4+, NO2−, NO3−, PO4−3, Si, COD), species composition, abundance, and biomass of phytoplankton in Lake Baikal during late spring 2017. Sharp spatial heterogeneity was observed in the distribution of phytoplankton biomass along the western (399 ± 72 mg/m3) and eastern (1319 ± 220 mg/m3) shores of the lake. The phytoplankton were diverse, with 79 species; dominant algae were different from site to site and from south to north throughout the lake. In Southern and Central Baikal, we recorded an intense bloom of the diatom Synedra acus subsp. radians (28–1400 cells/mL), similar to that observed for the past 10 years, while the chrysophyte Dinobryon cylindricum dominated in Northern Baikal. The diatoms Aulacoseira baicalensis, A. islandica, and Stephanodiscus meyeri that were dominant in the 1960s–1990s were not numerous in 2017 (0.5–10 cells/mL). This change in dominant species indicates structural changes in the phytoplankton of Lake Baikal, which have led to the disappearance of the main distinctive feature of the Baikalian phytoplankton – the alternation of extremely high (with the algal biomass over 1000 mg/m3) and extremely low (less than 100 mg/m3) productivity years. The ecological equilibrium appears to have shifted towards a new steady state.

In the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Baikal, global atmospheric transport is regarded as the dominant source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Relatively high level of PCB concentration in the southern basin of the lake is associated with PCB influx from local sources. The waters of the tributaries of Southern Baikal, which have watershed basins on the slopes of the Khamar-Daban ridge, possess significant potential as a source of pollutants. The article presents the results of monitoring PCBs in the waters of the rivers Utulik, Solzan, Khara-Murin, Snezhnaya, and Pereeemnaya in 2017 and 2019. PCB concentrations in the waters of the tributaries were estimated by the total concentration of seven indicator congeners Nos. 23, 28, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 (ƩPCB7) in water samples taken at the estuaries of the rivers. The ƩPCB7 level in the waters - from 0.02 to 1.5 ng/L can be comparable to or exceed that in the littoral zone of the lake. An assessment of the removal of PCBs to the southern part of Lake Baikal indicates a minimal influx of pollutants of this class with tributary waters. In 2017, the number of PCB indicator congeners that entered Baikal with water runoff was estimated to be between 1.7 and 3.1 g in May and between 7.7 and 26 g in September. In extreme conditions, the stock of PCBs can reach 40-170 g per month, September 2019.

The aim of the work was to study the opinions of students of the faculty of medicine, who take a course of lectures at the department of medical genetics of the Sechenov University, about their plans for post-graduate education, research activities and carrier, and also to assess their awareness of the role of medical genetics and modern genetic technologies in clinical practice. The methods of focus group interview and face-to-face interviewing were used for testing two groups of 4-year students (group 1 – those not attending the genetics student research club and group 2 – members of the student research club) of the faculty of medicine who attended lectures at the department of medical genetics of the Sechenov University. As has been shown, students who attend the medical genetics club demonstrate better knowledge of modern techniques in genetics. We can see a high interest of students in residency programmes and specialisation (43.3% of students of group 1 and 61.1% of group 2 are planning to apply for state-funded residency) and almost a complete absence of interest in the work of a general practitioner (3 and 0%, respectively). Key words: medical genetics, higher education, vocational guidance

Soliris® (Eculizumab) was approved by regulatory authorities as the first drag for treatment of orphan disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, in 2007. Later its use was extended for treatment of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome and myasthenia gravis. The high cost, the unavailability of therapy for a number of patients, as well as the expiration of the patent protection period for Soliris®, these factors became the prerequisite for the development of biosimilar medicinal products. Here, comparative analysis of PRK-001 (LLC «Pharmapark») and reference drag product, Soliris® (Alexion Pharmaceuticals, USA), was carried out. Physicochemical biosimilarity assessment has shown complete comparability of both products in terms of protein sequence as well as higher order structures. Post-translation modifications as well as impurity profile were the same too. Neither biosimilar nor reference product had impurity amount exceeding threshold. Biological properties of the reference product and biosimilar were the same. Since the comparability of the both drags has been proven, it can be assumed that PRK-001 is biosimilar of Soliris®. Eculizumab, Soliris, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, physicochemical comparison, post-translational modifications, biosimilar, drag product

Pole placement is the only PID-tuning technic that allows one to obtain a control system with desired, and, moreover, highly predictable performance and control quality. Number of controller tuning parameters is equal to number of poles closed-loop poles it can precicely place, so that PID-controller can place exactly three poles, and PI- can place only two. For this reason PI-controller is best used with first-order processes (second-order closed loop system), and PID-controller with second-orded ones (third-order closed loop system). However, many processes have higher order than two, and still are controlled with PID-controllers. To tune it using pole placement techniques, it is necessary to consider only dominant poles, which affect performance of the system to the greatest extent. First, it is necessary to study a PI-controller with a second-order process, which is the most basic case. Tuning is performed using global optimization methods to fit dominant poles of a tuned system to dominant poles of a reference system. Розміщення полюсів замкненої системи гарантує отримання потрібних динамічних процесів. Кількість змінних параметрів регулятора визначає кількість полюсів, які з його використанням можливо розмістити. Значна кількість промислових процесів, які описані моделями порядку, вище другого, керуються ПІДрегуляторами. Через це потрібно використовувати методи розміщення домінантних полюсів замкненої системи. Це складно зробити аналітично, тому доцільно використовувати числову оптимізацію. Система автоматичного керування представлена об’єктом другого порядку з відомою передавальною функцією й регулятором із невідомими параметрами. Всього досліджено шість об’єктів як із ПІ-, так і з ПІД-регулятором. Для налаштування використано безумовну багатовимірну оптимізацію. Задачею оптимізації є мінімізації зваженої суми відстаней між відповідними полюсами налаштовуваної та бажаної систем. З використанням числових методів середовища Matlab було побудовано графіки цільової функції для ПІ-регулятора (поверхня) й ПІД-регулятора (набір ліній рівня, що заповнюють тривимірний простір). Налаштування системи з ПІД-регулятором у більшості випадків дозволяє точно відтворити задані полюси. Винятки становлять випадки з налаштування за парою комплексно-спряжених домінантних полюсів для випадку, коли недомінантний полюс було проігноровано. На противагу ПІД-регулятору, використання ПІ-регулятора накладає помітні обмеження на множину досяжних полюсів замкненої системи. Для будь-якого об’єкту існує нижня межа дійсної частини домінантних полюсів, тобто існує вертикальна пряма, ліворуч від якої полюси системи з ПІ-регулятором не можуть знаходитись. При досягненні цієї межі всі три полюси системи знаходяться на одній вертикальній прямій, тобто мають однакову дійсну частину. Порогове значення дійсної частини залежить від полюсів об’єкту. Наприклад, для аперіодичного об’єкту з кратним полюсом -0,4 ця межа має приблизне значення - 0,27, а для подібного коливального об’єкту з полюсами -0,4-0,2j і -0,4+0,2j ця межа близька до -0,8. Результат налаштування залежить від вагових коефіцієнтів у цільовій функції. Врахування недомінантного полюсу з таким самим ваговим коефіцієнтом, що й для домінантних полюсів, при налаштуванні ПІ-регулятора призводить до суттєвого погіршення результатів. Врахування недомінантного полюсу зі меншим ваговим коефіцієнтом може дати кращі результати, ніж налаштування лише за домінантними полюсами, а саме набір полюсів із тими самим дійсними частинами, але з меншими уявними. Графіки-поверхні цільової функції для ПІ-регулятора з будь-якого поєднання об’єкту, полюсів бажаної системи й вагових коефіцієнтів цільової функції на масштабах всього проміжку оптимізації мають подібний вигляд із глобальним мінімумом поблизу початку координат. На менших масштабах вигляд цих графіків може суттєво відрізнятися залежно від розташування полюсів об’єкту. Графіки можуть мати розриви, злами (лінії, на яких розрив має похідна цільової функції). Проте для аперіодичних і коливальних об’єктів, домінантні полюси яких мають однакові дійсні частини, цільова функція в близькому околі оптимуму має подібні за зовнішнім виглядом графіки попри те, що значення параметрів ПІ-регулятора помітно відрізняються. Візуалізація тривимірного поля значень цільової функції для систем із ПІД-регулятором показала так само показала схожі між собою результати на великих масштабах, але зі значними відмінностями в близькому околі оптимуму. Графіки для аперіодичних та коливальних об’єктів із однаковими дійсними частинами домінантних полюсів є подібними. Розглянутий метод налаштування регуляторів низького порядку дозволяє досягати розташування полюсів системи із заданим типом регулятора, яке є близьким до найкращого з усіх теоретично можливих.