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1,121 results on '"Zhou, Zhichao"'

152. Diversity and ecology of microbial sulfur metabolism

Author

Zhou, Zhichao, Tran, Patricia Q., Cowley, Elise S., Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, and Anantharaman, Karthik

Abstract

Sulfur plays a pivotal role in interactions within the atmosphere, lithosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and the functioning of living organisms. In the Earth’s crust, mantle, and atmosphere, sulfur undergoes geochemical transformations due to natural and anthropogenic factors. In the biosphere, sulfur participates in the formation of amino acids, proteins, coenzymes and vitamins. Microorganisms in the biosphere are crucial for cycling sulfur compounds through oxidation, reduction and disproportionation reactions, facilitating their bioassimilation and energy generation. Microbial sulfur metabolism is abundant in both aerobic and anaerobic environments and is interconnected with biogeochemical cycles of important elements such as carbon, nitrogen and iron. Through metabolism, competition or cooperation, microorganisms metabolizing sulfur can drive the consumption of organic carbon, loss of fixed nitrogen and production of climate-active gases. Given the increasing significance of sulfur metabolism in environmental alteration and the intricate involvement of microorganisms in sulfur dynamics, a timely re-evaluation of the sulfur cycle is imperative. This Review explores our understanding of microbial sulfur metabolism, primarily focusing on the transformations of inorganic sulfur. We comprehensively overview the sulfur cycle in the face of rapidly changing ecosystems on Earth, highlighting the importance of microbially-mediated sulfur transformation reactions across different environments, ecosystems and microbiomes.

Published
2024
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153. Extracellular vesicles and their non‐coding RNA cargos: Emerging players in cardiovascular disease.

Author

Collado, Aida, Gan, Lu, Tengbom, John, Kontidou, Eftychia, Pernow, John, and Zhou, Zhichao

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR system, HEART cells, EXTRACELLULAR vesicles, APOPTOTIC bodies, STEM cells
Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, have recently received attention as essential mechanisms for cell‐to‐cell communication in cardiovascular disease. EVs can be released from different types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, fibroblasts, platelets, adipocytes, immune cells and stem cells. Non‐coding (nc)RNAs as EV cargos have recently been investigated in the cardiovascular system. Up‐ or downregulated ncRNAs in EVs have been shown to play a crucial role in various cardiovascular diseases. Communication via EV‐derived ncRNAs can occur between cells of the same type and between different types of cells involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we highlight the important aspects of diverse cell‐derived EVs and their ncRNA cargos as disease mediators and potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, ischaemic heart disease and cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we summarize the potential of EV‐derived ncRNAs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the different methods for EV isolation and characterization. A better understanding of the specific role of EVs and their ncRNA cargos in the regulation of cardiovascular (dys)function will be of importance for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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159. MUSER and IPS Telescopes for Solar and Space Weather Observations

Author

Yan, Yihua, primary, Wang, Wei, additional, Chen, Linjie, additional, Liu, Fei, additional, Fan, Jin, additional, Chen, Zhijun, additional, Geng, Lihong, additional, Tan, Chengming, additional, Ma, Suli, additional, Li, Sha, additional, Su, Cang, additional, Du, Jing, additional, Cheng, Jun, additional, Zhu, Xiaoshuai, additional, Zhou, Zhichao, additional, and Zhang, Minghui, additional

Published
2023
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177. The red blood cell as a mediator of endothelial dysfunction in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia

Author

Mahdi, Ali, primary, Wodaje, Tigist, additional, Kövamees, Oskar, additional, Tengbom, John, additional, Zhao, Allan, additional, Jiao, Tong, additional, Henricsson, Marcus, additional, Yang, Jiangning, additional, Zhou, Zhichao, additional, Nieminen, Anni I., additional, Levin, Malin, additional, Collado, Aida, additional, Brinck, Jonas, additional, and Pernow, John, additional

Published
2022
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190. Multiview Deep Graph Infomax to Achieve Unsupervised Graph Embedding

Author

Zhou, Zhichao, Hu, Yu, Zhang, Yue, Chen, Jiazhou, and Cai, Hongmin

Abstract

Unsupervised graph embedding aims to extract highly discriminative node representations that facilitate the subsequent analysis. Converging evidence shows that a multiview graph provides a more comprehensive relationship between nodes than a single-view graph to capture the intrinsic topology. However, little attention has been paid to excavating discriminative representations of each node from multiview heterogeneous networks in an unsupervised manner. To that end, we propose a novel unsupervised multiview graph embedding method, called multiview deep graph infomax (MVDGI). The backbone of our proposed model sought to maximize the mutual information between the view-dependent node representations and the fused unified representation via contrastive learning. Specifically, the MVDGI first uses an encoder to extract view-dependent node representations from each single-view graph. Next, an aggregator is applied to fuse the view-dependent node representations into the view-independent node representations. Finally, a discriminator is adopted to extract highly discriminative representations via contrastive learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the MVDGI achieves better performance than the benchmark methods on five real-world datasets, indicating that the obtained node representations by our proposed approach are more discriminative than by its competitors for classification and clustering tasks.

Published
2023
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196. Puzzle-based Clogging DoS-resilient Vehicular Communications

Author

Zhou, Zhichao and Zhou, Zhichao

Abstract

In Vehicular Communication Systems (VCSs), authenticated safety beacons are used to deliver the vehicles’ status and provide necessary information for the applications. However, high rate safety beacons impose high processing overhead on the resource-constrained vehicular On-Board Units (OBUs). Therefore, the number of beacons that can be processed by a vehicle in a fixed period is limited. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks can be launched by broadcasting many bogus beacons in a high frequency, taking advantage of the weakness of the OBUs. The OBUs cannot verify all received beacons in a timely manner under a DoS attack, which affects the perception of surrounding vehicles’ status. This thesis proposes an efficient puzzle scheme built on pseudonymous authentication using hash functions to pre-authenticate all received beacons. This scheme enables the receiver to discover new benign neighbors and find potentially valid beacons among all received beacons even under DoS attack. We do both numerical analysis and experimental evaluation of the puzzle scheme. The results show that our scheme can guarantee low processing latency under different DoS attack models. We also show the advantage of our scheme compared to both the baseline pseudonymous authentication scheme and a cooperative scheme., I fordonskommunikationssystem används autentiserade säkerhetsfyrar för att leverera fordonens status och tillhandahålla nödvändig information för tillämpningarna. Säkerhetsfyrar med hög hastighet medför dock en hög behandlingsomkostnad för de resursbegränsade fordonen OBUs. Därför är det antal fyrar som kan behandlas av ett fordon under en bestämd tidsperiod begränsat. DoS-attacken kan inledas genom att sända många falska fyrar med hög frekvens och utnyttja OBUs svaghet. OBUs kan inte verifiera alla mottagna fyrar i tid under DoS-attacken, vilket kommer att påverka uppfattningen om de omgivande fordonens status. I den här avhandlingen föreslås ett effektivt pusselsystem som bygger på pseudonym autentisering med hjälp av hashfunktioner för att förautentisera alla mottagna fyrar. Detta system gör det möjligt för mottagaren att upptäcka nya godartade grannar och hitta potentiellt giltiga baktalare bland alla mottagna baktalare även under DoS-attacker. Vi utför både numerisk analys och experimentell utvärdering av pusselsystemet. Resultatet visar att vårt system kan garantera en låg behandlingslatens under olika DoS-attackmodeller. Vi visar också fördelarna med vårt system jämfört med det grundläggande pseudonyma autentiseringsystemet och ett kooperativt system.

Published
2022

197. A monolithically integrated artificial compound eye for proximity pattern recognition

Author

Zhou, Zhichao, Hu, Yushen, Shi, Runxiao, Wang, Sisi, Xia, Zhihe, Wong, Man, Zhou, Zhichao, Hu, Yushen, Shi, Runxiao, Wang, Sisi, Xia, Zhihe, and Wong, Man

Abstract

A biomimetic artificial compound eye is constructed as an array of pixels each consisting of in-pixel circuits made of several metal-oxide thin-film transistors, a hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiode and a structured optical path. An in-pixel amplifier is incorporated to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. The peak fabrication temperature of 300 °C is compatible with flexible substrates. Using an artificial neural network implementation, the compound eye has been trained for proximity pattern recognition at a separation of 12 mm and achieving an inference accuracy of 95%. Sensing at a larger separation is being implemented by re-designing the optical path, leading to potential recognition of dynamic gestures. © 2022. John Wiley and Sons Inc. AIAA. All rights reserved.

Published
2022

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