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SrBi2Nb2O9nanoplates were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time, using Sr(NO3)2, Bi2O3, and Nb2O5as the starting materials and KOH as the mineralizer. The influences of the reaction conditions on the phases and morphologies of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM results revealed that the as-prepared particles were plate shaped. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) showed the band gap of SrBi2Nb2O9was 2.15 eV. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation and electrochemical properties of SrBi2Nb2O9plates were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Supercapacitor is an important energy storage device widely used in the automobile industry, military production, and communication equipment because of its fast charge‐discharge rate, and high power density. Herein, carbon quantum dots modified and Y3+ doped Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 (NiY@CQDs) nanospheres are prepared by a solvothermal method and used as an electrode material. The electrochemical properties of NiY@CQDs were measured in a three‐electrode system. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) cell was assembled with activated carbon (AC) as the anode and NiY@CQDs as the cathode. The electrochemical properties of the ASC device were measured in a two‐electrode system. Experimental results show the shape of NiY@CQDs is petal‐shaped and the introducing carbon quantum dots and doping Y3+ significantly increases the specific surface area, conductivity, and specific capacitance of Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4. The mass‐specific capacitance of NiY@CQDs reaches up to 2944 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor of NiY@CQDs//AC has a high energy density of 138.65 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1500 W kg−1, displaying a wide range of application prospects in the energy storage area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been deemed as one of the promising noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but it suffers from the inert basal plane and low electronic conductivity. Regulating the morphology of MoS2 during the synthesis on conductive substrates is a synergistic strategy for enhancing the HER performance. In this work, vertical MoS2 nanosheets were fabricated on carbon cloth (CC) using an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method. The growth process could be effectively tuned through introducing hydrogen gas during vapor deposition process, resulting in nanosheets with increased edge density. The mechanism for edge-enriching through controlling the growth atmosphere is systematically studied. The as-prepared MoS2 exhibits excellent HER activity due to the combination of optimized microstructures and coupling with CC. Our findings provide new insights to design advanced MoS2-based electrocatalysts for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Composite LuAG&CASN-PiGs have been successfully synthesized. • LuAG&CASN-PiG showed a high IQE of 87 % and EQE of 61 %. • A high quality white light (Ra＝95) in LD based on the PiG was achieved. • The LDs based on the PiG realized high laser saturation threshold (＞2.7 W mm−2). • The converted LDs with heat sink exhibited a superior LE of 216.79 lm W−1. The aim of this study is to investigate a thermally robust white color converter for high-power solid-state lighting, especially laser lighting. Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce3+/CaAlSiN 3 :Eu2+ phosphor-in-glass samples (LuAG&CASN-PiGs) were synthesized via a low temperature co-sintering technique. The prepared LuAG&CASN-PiGs exhibited remarkably high internal quantum efficiency of 87 %. Tunable warm white light-emitting diodes (wLED) were acquired by tailoring the sample thicknesses and phosphor contents. The optimized sample showed a high luminous flux of 183.68 lm under a blue laser diodes (LDs). In addition, the chromaticity of white LDs based on the LuAG&CASN-PiGs shifted from cool to warm white by changing the sample thicknesses. High quality white light in wLDs was achieved (Ra＝95). More importantly, the constructed LuAG&CASN-PiG converted LDs with a heat sink exhibited the luminous efficiency of 216.79 lm W−1. The results revealed that the prepared LuAG&CASN-PiG had great potential for application in solid-state laser light sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brookite TiO2 was synthesized and BiOBr was supported on the surface of brookite TiO2 by a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the composites confirmed the formation of brookite TiO2/BiOBr. Transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the as-prepared composites were nano-sized. The optimum loading amount of BiOBr was 30%. The photocatalytic results show that the degradation efficiency of rhodamine B by titanite TiO2/BiOBr (30%) under visible-light irradiation for 2 h is close to 100%. •O2– and h+ are the main active species during the photocatalytic process. The improvement of photocatalytic activity might be because the formation of p–n hetero-junction enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The photocurrent density of the brookite/BiOBr (30%) was about 2 times higher than that of pure brookite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Silybin is the major biologically active compound of silymarin, the standardized extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Increasing numbers of studies have shown that silybin can improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in animal models and patients; however, the mechanisms underlying silybin's actions remain unclear.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks to induce the NASH model, and silybin was orally administered to the NASH mice. The effects of silybin on lipid accumulation, hepatic fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation-related gene expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activities were evaluated by biochemical analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot.Results: Silybin treatment significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation in MCD-induced NASH mice. Moreover, silybin inhibited HSC activation and hepatic apoptosis and prevented the formation of MDBs in the NASH liver. Additionally, silybin partly reversed the abnormal expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in NASH. Further study showed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway played important roles in the silybin-derived antioxidant effect, as evidenced by the upregulation of Nrf2 target genes in the silybin treatment group. In addition, silybin significantly downregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes and suppressed the activity of NF-κB signaling.Conclusions: Silybin was effective in preventing the MCD-induced increases in hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation. The effect was related to alteration of lipid metabolism-related gene expression, activation of the Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the NASH liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract La 2 MgTiO 6 red phosphors doped with both Sm3+ and Eu3+ were prepared by high temperature solid state method. Their phase compositions, morphologies, fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetimes and thermal stability were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The optimal synthetic temperature of La 2 MgTiO 6 :Sm3+, Eu3+ phosphors was 1400 °C. La 2 MgTiO 6 :Eu3+ showed red emission at 615 nm under 396 nm excitation, while La 2 MgTiO 6 :Sm3+ showed red orange emission at 601 nm under 406 nm excitation. La 2 MgTiO 6 : Sm3+, Eu3+ phosphor showed strong red emission at 615 nm under the excitation of 406 nm. The energy transfer from Sm3+ to Eu3+ in La 2 MgTiO 6 : Sm3+, Eu3+ was very effective. The maximum energy transfer efficiency was about 73.5% when Eu3+ concentration was 0.2. The temperature dependent emission spectra showed that the phosphors had good thermal stability. The La 1.94 MgTiO 6 :0.06Sm3+, La 1.85 MgTiO 6 :0.15Eu3+ and La 1.79 MgTiO 6 :0.06Sm3+, 0.15Eu3+ phosphors exhibited color purities close to 100%: 96.26%, 98.05% and 98.95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric field-effect transistor has long been considered as a promising nonvolatile memory technology, but its application is limited by the poor scalability. Here we show that this problem can be solved by epitaxially integrating tetragonal BiFeO 3 , a stress-induced metastable phase which exhibits remarkably low dielectric permittivity and high coercive field, on the silicon platform. Tetragonal BiFeO 3 was stabilized on (001)-oriented silicon by using Bi 2 SiO 5 , which is chemically and structurally compatible with both silicon and tetragonal BiFeO 3 , as the buffer layer. Unlike the commonly observed M C structure, the obtained BiFeO 3 layer exhibits a true tetragonal symmetry. An unprecedented high memory window of 6.5 V was observed for the Au/BiFeO 3 /Bi 2 SiO 5 /Si capacitor with BiFeO 3 thickness of 135 nm. The epitaxial integration of tetragonal BiFeO 3 with silicon may pave a possible avenue for nanosized, power-efficient ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α, type IVA phospholipase) acts at the membrane surface to release free arachidonic acid, which is metabolized into inflammatory mediators, including leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Thus, specific cPLA2α inhibitors are predicted to have antiinflammatory properties. However, a key criterion in the identification and development of such inhibitors is to distinguish between compounds that bind stoichiometrically to cPLA2α and nonspecific membrane perturbants. In the current study, we developed a method employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to characterize the binding of several distinct classes of cPLA2α inhibitors. Thermodynamic parameters and the binding constants were obtained following titration of the inhibitor to the protein at 30°C and pH 7.4. The compounds tested bound cPLA2α with a 1:1 stoichiometry, and the dissociation constant K d of the inhibitors calculated from the ITC experiments correlated well with the IC50 values obtained from enzymatic assays. Interestingly, binding was observed only in the presence of a micellar surface, even for soluble compounds. The site of binding of these inhibitors within cPLA2α was analyzed by testing for binding in the presence of methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), an irreversible active site inhibitor of cPLA2α. Lack of binding of inhibitors in the presence of MAFP suggested that the compounds tested bound specifically at or near the active site of the protein. Furthermore, the effect of various detergents on the binding of certain inhibitors to cPLA2α was also tested. The results are discussed with reference to thermodynamic parameters such as changes in enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and free energy (ΔG). The data obtained from these studies provide not only structure–activity relationships for compounds but also important information regarding mechanism of binding. This is the first example of ITC used for studying inhibitors of enzymes with interfacial kinetics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Heteroatom vanadium doping tuned the morphologic and electronic structures of nickel selenide heterostructure, efficiently enhancing its electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen production. • A novel V-NiSe/Ni 3 Se 2 heterostructure was fabricated via a solvothermal method. • The morphological and electronic structure were mediated by V-doping. • The VNS electrode exhibited the superior HER catalytic performance. • The improved electrons migration behavior was proved by Motty-Schottky analysis. Tailoring the nonprecious nickel selenide heterogeneous electrocatalysts with controllable morphology and electronic structures is of prime importance to enhance the catalytic efficiency for hydrogen production evolution (HER). Here, we report the solvothermal in-situ synthesis of vanadium-incorporated NiSe/Ni 3 Se 2 heterogeneous structures (VNS) on porous nickel foam, which function as an efficient electrode toward HER, together with superior catalytic activity and durability. Impressively, the self-assembled VNS electrode delivers the current densities of 100, 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 at quite low overpotentials of 175, 275 and 348 mV with 85% iR -compensation toward HER in 1.0 M KOH solution. Mott-Schottky analysis indicates that the vanadium doping alters the flat band potential of VNS, and in turn affects the electrons migration behavior at electrode and electrolyte interface. Benefiting from its dramatically increased catalytic active sites exposure, enhanced charge transport capability, and optimized electronic structure, the hierarchical VNS heterostructures exhibit an impressive HER electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media. More broadly, this research provides a promising strategy for design and exploitation of more advanced electrocatalysts for large-scale hydrogen production on selenides using heteroatom vanadium incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to disclose how loss of fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) impacts intestinal inflammation through cGAS-STING pathway that is closely associated with gut microbiota, and which microbial metabolite improves colitis in Fut2 deficiency., Methods: Chronic colitis was induced in intestinal epithelial Fut2 knock out mice (Fut2 △IEC ), whose intestinal inflammation and activity of cGAS-STING pathway were evaluated. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics were performed using intestinal samples. 2-oxindole was used to treat RAW264.7 cells and Fut2 △IEC mice with colitis (Fut2 △IEC -DSS) to investigate the effect of 2-oxindole on cGAS-STING response and intestinal inflammation., Results: Fut2 loss exacerbated chronic colitis in mice, manifested by declined body weight, reduced colon length, increased disease activity index (DAI) and more colon injury in Fut2 △IEC -DSS mice compared with WT-DSS (wild type mice with colitis). Lack of Fut2 promoted activation of cGAS-STING pathway. Fut2 deficiency had a primary impact on colonic microbiota, as shown by alteration of microbial diversity and structure, as well as decreased Lactobacillus. Metabolic structure and tryptophan metabolism in colonic luminal microbiota were also influenced by Fut2 loss. Fut2 deficiency also led to decreased levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its ligand 2-oxindole derived from tryptophan metabolism. 2-oxindole compromised cGAS-STING response through activating AHR in macrophages, and protected against intestinal inflammation and overactive cGAS-STING pathway in Fut2 △IEC -DSS mice., Conclusion: Fut2 deficiency promotes cGAS-STING pathway through suppressing 2-oxindole-AHR axis, ultimately facilitating the susceptibility to chronic colitis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Disclosure All authors disclosed no financial relationships. Commentary In most cases of malignant esophageal obstruction, esophageal stenting is efficacious in allowing peroral intake. However, in cases of complete esophageal obstruction, enteral nutrition via a feeding tube without the option for any peroral intake may be the only option for patients—a situation that is both morbid and dissatisfying. In this case, the authors describe a novel technique for recanalization of the esophagus in a patient with complete esophageal obstruction due to esophageal carcinoma. They describe clipping 2 magnets in place in the esophagus on either side of the obstruction, the distal side of the obstruction accessed by advancing an endoscope retrograde up the esophagus via a PEG tube orifice. Over several weeks, x-rays confirmed that the magnets were getting closer together and ultimately creating a channel through the stenosis, which could then be stented and allow for oral intake. Using magnets to create anastomoses or restore luminal integrity in the GI tract is an exciting potential therapeutic option for patients, especially those with no other means of peroral intake. Amy Tyberg, MD, FASGE, FACG, Associate Editor for Focal Points

Enhance performance in manufacturing carbon emission (MCE) reduction has become a widespread consensus and a necessary part, which cannot be achieved without the joint participation of manufacturing enterprises and supervisory departments. Accordingly, how to coordinate the interests of both sides and design a reasonable incentive-compatible mechanism becomes an urgent task at present. Considering the two subsidy funding channels of peer funds and government finance, this study applies the evolutionary game model to analyze feasible schemes for designing incentive-compatible mechanism of MCE supervision, discusses and simulates the realistic scenarios and influencing factors of incentive-compatible mechanism under the non-subsidized and subsidized schemes. The results show that MCE supervision is in an incentive-incompatible state under the non-subsidized incentive scheme, while in a constrained incentive-compatible state under the subsidized incentive scheme. With the increase of peer funds and penalty coefficient or the decrease of subsidy coefficient, the period of MCE supervision to reach an incentive-compatible state becomes shorter. However, a lower peer fund and penalty coefficient or a higher subsidy coefficient will contribute to a state of incentive-incompatible or a periodic cycle state of "incentive-compatible → incentive-incompatible →incentive-compatible→…" in the MCE supervision., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist, (Copyright: © 2024 Liang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Supercapacitor is an important energy storage device widely used in the automobile industry, military production, and communication equipment because of its fast charge-discharge rate, and high power density. Herein, carbon quantum dots modified and Y 3+ doped Ni 3 (NO 3 ) 2 (OH) 4 (NiY@CQDs) nanospheres are prepared by a solvothermal method and used as an electrode material. The electrochemical properties of NiY@CQDs were measured in a three-electrode system. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) cell was assembled with activated carbon (AC) as the anode and NiY@CQDs as the cathode. The electrochemical properties of the ASC device were measured in a two-electrode system. Experimental results show the shape of NiY@CQDs is petal-shaped and the introducing carbon quantum dots and doping Y 3+ significantly increases the specific surface area, conductivity, and specific capacitance of Ni 3 (NO 3 ) 2 (OH) 4 . The mass-specific capacitance of NiY@CQDs reaches up to 2944 F g -1 at a current density of 1 A g -1 . The asymmetric supercapacitor of NiY@CQDs//AC has a high energy density of 138.65 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 1500 W kg -1 , displaying a wide range of application prospects in the energy storage area., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Metal-organic framework compounds are extensively utilized in various fields, such as electrode materials, owing to their distinctive porous structure and significant specific surface area. In this study, NiCoAl-MOF metal-organic framework precursors were synthesized by a solvothermal method, and NiAl 2 O 4 /NiCo 2 O 4 electrode materials were prepared by the subsequent calcination of the precursor. These materials were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET tests, and SEM, and the electrochemical properties of the electrode materials were tested by CV and GCD methods. BET tests showed that NiAl 2 O 4 /NiCo 2 O 4 has an abundant porous structure and a large specific surface area of up to 105 m 2 g -1 . The specific capacitance of NiAl 2 O 4 /NiCo 2 O 4 measured by the GCD method reaches up to 2870.83 F g -1 at a current density of 1 A g -1 . The asymmetric supercapacitor NiAl 2 O 4 /NiCo 2 O 4 //AC assembled with activated carbon electrodes has a maximum energy density of 166.98 W h kg -1 and a power density of 750.00 W kg -1 within a voltage window of 1.5 V. In addition, NiAl 2 O 4 /NiCo 2 O 4 materials have good cycling stability. These advantages make it a good candidate for the application of high-performance supercapacitors.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by inflammation in the nasal and sinus mucosa. The CRS phenotypes, based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps, are known as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). However, this classification has limitations in fully capturing the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of CRS. To address the heterogeneity of CRS, there has been a growing focus on classifying the condition into distinct endotypes. Endotype classification involves grouping patients based on specific molecular, immunological, and clinical characteristics, allowing for more personalized and targeted treatment approaches.This review delves into the current state of endotype classifications for CRS. It explores the role of geographic factors, microbiome, and subphenotype in shaping different endotypes. Additionally, the review examines how various clinical features are associated with specific endotypes, providing valuable insights into tailoring treatment options for better outcomes and transitions between different endotypes.Overall, this review offers a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the intricate realm of CRS endotype classifications. By unraveling the molecular and clinical intricacies, this review lays the foundation for more precise, effective, and individualized treatment strategies in the management of CRS., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

To understand the potential role of microglia in synaptic pruning following status epilepticus (SE), we examined the time course of expression of Iba-1, and immune and neuroinflammatory regulators, including CD86, CD206, and CX3CR1, and TLR4/NF-κB after SE induced by pilocarpine in rats. Behavioral tests, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, PCR, and fluorescence double staining assessments were performed. The expression of Iba-1 protein was lowest in the control group, and peaked after 2 days (p < 0.001). CD86 and CD206 mRNA levels increased gradually in the microglia of the epilepsy group after 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days; peak expression was on the second day. The expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in microglia increased to varying degrees after SE, and expression of the presynaptic protein synapsin decreased. The expression of TLR4/NF-κB in microglia positively correlated with Iba-1 protein expression. These findings indicate that the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway may be involved in the activation and polarization of microglia in epilepsy and in excess synaptic pruning, which could lead to an increase in brain injury., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Macrocyclic retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C2 (RORC2) inverse agonists have been designed with favorable properties for topical administration. Inspired by the unanticipated bound conformation of an acyclic sulfonamide-based RORC2 ligand from cocrystal structure analysis, macrocyclic linker connections between the halves of the molecule were explored. Further optimization of analogues was accomplished to maximize potency and refine physiochemical properties (MW, lipophilicity) best suited for topical application. Compound 14 demonstrated potent inhibition of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production by human Th17 cells and in vitro permeation through healthy human skin achieving high total compound concentration in both skin epidermis and dermis layers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 American Chemical Society.)

Co 3 O 4 /Bi 4 O 7 /Bi 2 O 3 (CBB) composites were prepared, in which Co 3 O 4 was synthesized from Co-MOF as precursor. The peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by CBB catalyst under visible light was used to degrade tetracycline (TC). Owing to the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and PMS activation, 98.4% of TC was removed within 60 min. The optimal loading of Co 3 O 4 was determined, and the influence of PMS dosage, initial pH, and disturbing anions on the degradation effect were investigated. The "CBB + Vis + PMS" system showed good reusability, and the degradation was only reduced by 1.7% after 5 cycles. This system also had a good degradation of other five pollutants. The quenching experiment showed that holes (h + ), superoxide radicals (·O 2 - ), and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) were the main active species. The degradation products of TC were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the degradation pathway was proposed. Finally, a double Z-scheme degradation mechanism was proposed in the "CBB + Vis + PMS" system. The peroxymonosulfate activated by CBB under visible light to degrade organic pollutants has widespread application prospects in environmental remediation., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Developing low-cost, environmentally friendly and efficient non-precious metal electrocatalysts as alternatives to noble metals for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly essential for the sustainable advancement of green hydrogen energy. Herein, a novel heterostructured Ni 3 P/Ni nanoparticle anchored in nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanofibers (Ni 3 P/Ni@N-CNFs) is prepared by a facile solid-phase calcination protocol. The results demonstrated that benefiting from the intensive electronic coupling effect at the interface of the Ni 3 P/Ni heterostructure, the electron configuration of the Ni active site is optimized and thus the favorable HER activity. Furthermore, the N-doped carbon nanofiber scaffold with an extensive mesoporous structure endows Ni 3 P/Ni@N-CNFs with abundant electrochemically active sites together with excellent conductivity and stability, contributing to fast electron/mass transport. As expected, the resultant Ni 3 P/Ni@N-CNF electrocatalyst exhibited exceptional HER catalytic properties under universal pH conditions, driving a current density of 10 mA cm -2 at pretty low overpotentials of 121 mV, 145 mV and 187 mV in acidic, basic and neutral solutions, respectively, and retaining the catalytic stability for over 60 h. This intriguing work represents a fresh perspective for designing and exploiting highly advanced phosphide electrocatalysts for green hydrogen fuel production.

A quantum gas microscope plays an important role in cold-atom experiments, which provides a high-resolution imaging of the spatial distributions of cold atoms. Here we design, build and calibrate an integrated microscope for quantum gases with all the optical components fixed outside the vacuum chamber. It provides large numerical aperture (NA) of 0.75, as well as good optical access from side for atom loading in cold-atom experiments due to long working distance (7 mm fused silica+6 mm vacuum) of the microscope objective. We make a special design of the vacuum viewport with a T-shape window, to suppress the window flatness distortion introduced by the metal-glass binding process, and protect the high-resolution imaging from distortions due to unflattened window. The achieved Strehl ratio is 0.9204 using scanning-near-field microscopy (SNOM) fiber coupling incoherent light as point light source.

Background: Controlled hypotension technique was usually used to reduce intraoperative bleeding, and it could improve visualization of the surgical field during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, inappropriate controlled hypotension, through reducing cerebral blood flow or cerebral perfusion pressure, may cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), so it is important to identify the appropriate level of controlled hypotension. Objective: To investigate the effects of different levels of controlled hypotension on regional cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing TKA., Methods: Patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled through preoperative visits and basic information was obtained. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group A, MAP was maintained at 90-100% of the baseline; Group B, MAP was maintained at 80-90% of the baseline; Group C, MAP was maintained at 70-80% of the baseline. The MAP, HR, and rSO 2 were observed and recorded during the operation. The C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (Hb) and MMSE score at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation were recorded. SPSS25.0 was used for data analysis., Result: When the MAP had a decrease among the three groups, rSO 2 did not decrease significantly, and none of the patients experienced POCD which was measured by MMSE. And there was no correlation between the decline in rSO 2 and that in MAP., Conclusion: No POCD was experienced in the three groups, and we recommend that the controlled hypotensive target indicated by MAP was maintained at 70-80% of the baseline which not only decreases intraoperative bleeding and improve the quality of the surgical field, but also is still within safe levels., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Zang, Ren, Fu, Liu, Zhou and Lang.)

Lipotoxicity and unresolved oxidative stress are key drivers of metabolic inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). cAMP-response element binding protein H(CREBH) is a liver-specific transcription factor and regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism of NASH. However, its role in mitochondrial oxidative stress and its association with sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a master regulator of deacetylation for mitochondrial proteins, remains elusive. In this study, AML-12 cells were treated with palmitic acid to imitate the pathological changes of NASH in vitro and 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat (HF) diet or a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet to build the widely accepted in vivo model of NASH. We found that lipid overload induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and stimulated the expression of CREBH and SIRT3. CREBH overexpression alleviated the mitochondrial oxidative stress. Moreover, CREBH promoted SIRT3 expression, which regulated the deacetylation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and inhibited NOD-Like Receptor Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome activation whereas suppression of SIRT3 damaged the protecting ability of CREBH in mitochondrial oxidative stress. CREBH knockout mice were highly susceptible to HF and MCD diet-induced NASH with more severe oxidative stress. Collectively, our results firstly provided the support that CREBH could serve as a protective factor in the progression of NASH by regulating the acetylation of MnSOD and the activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome through SIRT3. These results suggest that CREBH might be a valuable therapeutic candidate for NASH., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Studies have long shown that uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the brain play a key role in epilepsy pathogenesis. Microglias play an important role in epileptic-induced neuroinflammation, but their role after epileptic seizures is still poorly understood. Alleviating epilepsy and its comorbidities has become a key area of interest for pediatricians., Methods: A pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, epilepsy group, TLR4 inhibitor group (epilepsy+TAK-242), and NF-κB antagonist group (epilepsy+BAY11-7082)., Results: 1. The results of TUNEL staining showed that the expression in rats in the epilepsy group was the most obvious and was significantly different from that in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. 2. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was highest in rats in the epilepsy group and was significantly different from that in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. 3. The fluorescence intensity and number of IBA-1-positive cells in rats in the epilepsy group were highest and significantly different from those in rats in the control, EP+BAY and EP+TAK groups. Western blot analysis of IBA-1 showed that the expression in rats in the epilepsy group was the highest and was statistically significant. 4. CD68 was the highest in rats in the epilepsy group and was statistically significant. 5. In the open-field experiment, the central region residence time of rats in the EP group was delayed, the central region movement distance traveled was prolonged, the total distance traveled was prolonged, and the average speed was increased. Compared with rats in the EP group, rats in the EP+BAY and EP+ TAK groups exhibited improvements to different degrees., Conclusion: At the tissue level, downregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in epilepsy could inhibit microglial activation and the expression of the inflammatory factor CD68, could inhibit hyperphagocytosis, and inhibit the occurrence and exacerbation of epilepsy, thus improving cognitive and emotional disorders after epileptic seizures., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wu, Wang, Liu, Zhao and Zhang.)

Immature granulocytes (IGs) have significance for the diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms (MNs). The current study aims to use a hematology analyzer to evaluate the accuracy of IG parameters in MNs. Blood specimens from 388 patients with MN, 524 with non-hematological neoplasms (non-HNs), including 109 patients with inflammation and 68 undergoing G-CSF administration, and 500 healthy control subjects were analyzed. IG parameters was assayed by Sysmex XN-9000 (XN) and compared with manual assessments. A high level of agreement between IG% derived from XN and manual measurements for MN patients (r = 0.828, p < 0.0001) was revealed but only a moderate correlation for acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML; r = 0.597; p < 0.0001). Bland-Altman bias analysis was conducted, and the results showed that differences in IG% from XN and manual analysis for MN patients were considered clinically insignificant. ROC analysis demonstrated a good performance of IG# (AUC = 0.842) and IG% (AUC = 0.885) assessed by XN for MN patients with cut-off values of 0.200 × 10 9 /L and 1.95%, respectively. IG parameters from Sysmex XN analyzer are helpful for screening of MNs even though granulocyte morphological abnormalities may interfere with IG parameter accuracy., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults, and psychological factors play an important role in the development of periodontitis. To elucidate the adverse effects of psychological stress on the inflammatory process and redox status of periodontitis tissue, fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control, experimental periodontitis, psychological stress, experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress, and experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress plus fluoxetine groups. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish psychological stress, and silk ligature was used to induce experimental periodontitis. Four weeks later, stressed rats showed altered behaviour, serum hormone levels, and sucrose preference. More obvious alveolar bone loss and attachment loss and higher protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines were observed in the experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress group. The combination of CUMS and periodontitis had synergistic effects on increasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α ) protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities compared with those in the stress or periodontitis groups. Moreover, psychological stress further increased p-I κ B α and p-NF- κ B p65 protein levels and decreased I κ B α protein levels in periodontitis rats. Fluoxetine administration alleviated the adverse effects of psychological stress on the progression of periodontitis in rats. These results hint us that psychological stress could aggravate inflammation in periodontitis tissues, which may be partly due to local worsening of oxidative damage and further activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF- κ B) signalling pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare no potential competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 Qiang Li et al.)

Tuning the coupling interface of a heterostructured catalyst is an effective approach to achieve abundant surface catalytic active sites and strong electronic interactions among active materials for improving electrocatalytic water splitting performance. Herein, we report a novel heterogeneous catalyst comprising Ni3S2 nanoparticles embedded in ultrathin NiV-layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays supported on nickel foam, denoted as Ni3S2@NiV-LDH/NF. We demonstrate that the active edge-state length and the surface chemical state of such NiV-LDH-based heterostructures are well modulated by tailoring the coupling interfaces, resulting in the exposure of more catalytic reaction sites and enhancement of the electronic interactions between NiV-LDH and Ni3S2, thus greatly promoting the water dissociation kinetics. As expected, the optimized Ni3S2@NiV-LDH/NF heterostructures exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with an extremely low overpotential of 126 mV and 190 mV to deliver 10 mA cm-2 for the HER and OER without iR compensation in alkaline media, respectively. More importantly, Ni3S2@NiV-LDH/NF simultaneously functioned as both the anode and cathode for water splitting to yield a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a cell voltage of only 1.53 V with an outstanding durability for 160 h. This work provides a new insight into the regulation of the coupling interface for obtaining highly active heterostructured catalysts for overall water splitting.