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152. Material and Device Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells on Flexible Polymide Substrate Deposited by Low-Temperature Evaporation Process

Author

Xu, C.-M., Zhang, Z.-W., Qian, F.-W., Chen, M.-J., Cao, Z.-Y., Wu, M., and Li, H.-B.

Subjects
CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells, Thin Film Solar Cells
Abstract

26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2852-2854, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber films were deposited on Mo-coated polyimide sheet via lowtemperature evaporation process. The material properties of Mo films and absorbers have been investigated by SEM and XRD measurements. It was found that the Mo film exhibits higher resistivity after CIGS layer deposition and is prone to cracking/peeling. To solving this problem, a thin SiO2 layer was deposited between polyimide substrate and Mo film. And the results shown that it could play a role to minimize the cracks and reduce the resistivity of the Mo back contact. Subsequently, the films were used to fabricate the corresponding solar cells with the total-area of 0.65 cm2. The CIGS solar cells with SiO2 layer exhibit better performance than those without SiO2 layer. A conversion efficiency of about 9.15% has been obtained for the cell with such thin layer.

Published
2011
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159. The Taos Project:upper bounds on the population of small kuiper belt objects and tests of models of formation and evolution of the outer solar system

Author

Bianco, F. B., Zhang, Z.-W., Lehner, M. J., Mondal, S., King, S.-K., Giammarco, J., Holman, M. J., Coehlo, N. K., Wang, J.-H., Alcock, C., Axelrod, T., Byun, Y.-I., Chen, W. P., Cook, K. H., Dave, R., de-Pater, I., Kim, D.-W., Lee, T., Lin, H.-C., Lissauer, J. J., Marshall, S. L., Protopapas, P., Rice, J. A., Schwamb, M. E., Wang, S.-Y., and Wen, C.-Y.

Abstract

We have analyzed the first 3.75 years of data from the Taiwanese American Occultation Survey (TAOS). TAOS monitors bright stars to search for occultations by Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs). This data set comprises 5 × 10^5 star hours of multi-telescope photometric data taken at 4 or 5 Hz. No events consistent with KBO occultations were found in this data set. We compute the number of events expected for the Kuiper Belt formation and evolution models of Pan & Sari, Kenyon & Bromley, Benavidez & Campo Bagatin, and Fraser. A comparison with the upper limits we derive from our data constrains the parameter space of these models. This is the first detailed comparison of models of the KBO size distribution with data from an occultation survey. Our results suggest that the KBO population is composed of objects with low internal strength and that planetary migration played a role in the shaping of the size distribution.

Published
2010

166. Nogo-A antibody treatment enhances neuron recovery after sciatic nerve transection in rats.

Author

ZHANG, Z.-W., JIANG, J.-J., LUAN, M.-C., MA, Z.-J., GAO, F., and YU, S.-J.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The use of an antibody to block the neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-A has been of great interest for promoting axonal recovery as a treatment for peripheral nerve injuries. The present study aimed to investigate the signaling pathway of p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) and Nogo receptor (NgR) in a sciatic nerve transection (SNT) rat model and evaluate the underlining mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=25), namely the sham group, sciatic nerve transection (model) group and No-go-A-pAb group. Following euthanasia, spinal cord and sciatic nerve of the operation site were harvested, fixed in formalin. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the sciatic nerve pathology. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Nogo-A, NTR were assessed by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Histology showed enhanced regeneration of spinal axon in the anti-Nogo-A anti-body group. At 48 hours after operation, mRNA of Nogo-A and NTR were higher in model group compared with control group. mRNAs were at their highest levels at 1 week, while these were at normal levels after 4 weeks in Nogo-A-pAb group. The protein levels of Nogo-A and NTR were higher in model group compared with sham-operation group at 1-week after operation; Nogo-A-pAb could reduce these proteins levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested No-go-A antibody might represent a promising repair strategy to promote recovery following SNT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

178. THE TAIWANESE-AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY PROJECT STELLAR VARIABILITY. III. DETECTION OF 58 NEW VARIABLE STARS

Author

Ishioka, R., primary, Wang, S.-Y., additional, Zhang, Z.-W., additional, Lehner, M. J., additional, Alcock, C., additional, Axelrod, T., additional, Bianco, F. B., additional, Byun, Y.-I., additional, Chen, W. P., additional, Cook, K. H., additional, Kim, D.-W., additional, King, S.-K., additional, Lee, T., additional, Marshall, S. L., additional, Protopapas, P., additional, Rice, J. A., additional, Schwamb, M. E., additional, Wang, J.-H., additional, Wen, C.-Y., additional, and Ngeow, C.-C., additional

Published
2014
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181. Economic design in a long-distance migrating molluscivore: how fast-fuelling red knots in Bohai Bay, China, get away with small gizzards

Author

Yang, H.-Y., Ma, Z.-J., Hua, N., van Gils, J.A., Zhang, Z.-W., Piersma, T., Yang, H.-Y., Ma, Z.-J., Hua, N., van Gils, J.A., Zhang, Z.-W., and Piersma, T.

Abstract

We carried out an observational and experimental study to decipher how resource characteristics, in interaction with the predator's phenotype, constrain a fitness-determining performance measure, i.e. refuelling in a migrant bird. Two subspecies of red knot (Calidris canutus rogersi and C. c. piersmai) use northern Bohai Bay, Yellow Sea, China, for the final prebreeding stopover, during their 10,000-15,000. km long migrations between wintering and breeding areas. Here, they feed on small bivalves, especially 2-7. mm long Potamocorbula laevis. With an average stay of 29 days, and the need to store 80 g of fat for the onward flights to high-Arctic breeding grounds, red knots need to refuel fast. Using existing knowledge, we expected them to achieve this on the basis of (1) prey with high flesh to shell mass ratios, (2) large gizzards to crush the ingested molluscs, or (3) a combination of the two. Rejecting all three predictions, we found that red knots staging in Bohai Bay had the smallest gizzards on record (4.9 +/- 0.8 g, mean +/- s.e.m., N=27), and also found that prey quality of P. laevis is much lower than predicted for the measured gizzard size (i.e. 1.3 rather than the predicted 4.5 kJ. g(-1) dry shell mass, DMshell). The estimated handling time of P. laevis (0.2 s) is much shorter than the observed time between two prey ingestions (0.7 s), indicating that prey handling time is no constraint. Based on field observations of dropping rates and on indoor digestion trails, the shell processing rate was estimated at 3.9 mg DMshell s(-1), i.e. three times higher the rate previously predicted for red knots eating as fast as they can with the measured gizzard size. This is explained by the small and easily crushed P. laevis enabling high processing rates. As P. laevis also occurred in high densities, the metabolizable energy intake rate of red knots with small gizzards at 5 J s(-1) was as high as at northward staging sites elsewhere in the world. Currently, therefore

Published
2013

182. Acoustic Effects Accurately Predict an Extreme Case of Biological Morphology

Author

Mechanical Engineering, Zhang, Z. W., Truong, S. N., Müller, Rolf, Mechanical Engineering, Zhang, Z. W., Truong, S. N., and Müller, Rolf

Abstract

The biosonar system of bats utilizes physical baffle shapes around the sites of ultrasound emission for diffraction-based beam forming. Among these shapes, some extreme cases have evolved that include a long noseleaf protrusion (sella) in a species of horseshoe bat. We have evaluated the acoustic cost function associated with sella length with a computational physics approach and found that the extreme length can be predicted accurately from a fiducial point on this function. This suggests that some extreme cases of biological morphology can be explained from their physical function alone.

Published
2009

184. THE TAOS PROJECT: RESULTS FROM SEVEN YEARS OF SURVEY DATA

Author

Zhang, Z.-W., primary, Lehner, M. J., additional, Wang, J.-H., additional, Wen, C.-Y., additional, Wang, S.-Y., additional, King, S.-K., additional, Granados, Á. P., additional, Alcock, C., additional, Axelrod, T., additional, Bianco, F. B., additional, Byun, Y.-I., additional, Chen, W. P., additional, Coehlo, N. K., additional, Cook, K. H., additional, de Pater, I., additional, Kim, D.-W., additional, Lee, T., additional, Lissauer, J. J., additional, Marshall, S. L., additional, Protopapas, P., additional, Rice, J. A., additional, and Schwamb, M. E., additional

Published
2013
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185. Rax Is a Selector Gene for Mediobasal Hypothalamic Cell Types

Author

Lu, F., primary, Kar, D., additional, Gruenig, N., additional, Zhang, Z. W., additional, Cousins, N., additional, Rodgers, H. M., additional, Swindell, E. C., additional, Jamrich, M., additional, Schuurmans, C., additional, Mathers, P. H., additional, and Kurrasch, D. M., additional

Published
2013
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187. Search for Small Trans-Neptunian Objects by the TAOS Project

Author

Chen, W. P., Alcock, C., Axelrod, T., Bianco, F. B., Byun, Y. I., Chang, Y. H., Cook, K. H., Dave, R., Giammarco, J., Kim, D. W., King, S. K., Lee, T., Lehner, M., Lin, C. C., Lin, H. C., Lissauer, J. J., Marshall, S., Meinshausen, N., Mondal, S., de Pater, I., Porrata, R., Rice, J., Schwamb, M. E., Wang, A., Wang, S. Y., Wen, C. Y., Zhang, Z. W., Chen, W. P., Alcock, C., Axelrod, T., Bianco, F. B., Byun, Y. I., Chang, Y. H., Cook, K. H., Dave, R., Giammarco, J., Kim, D. W., King, S. K., Lee, T., Lehner, M., Lin, C. C., Lin, H. C., Lissauer, J. J., Marshall, S., Meinshausen, N., Mondal, S., de Pater, I., Porrata, R., Rice, J., Schwamb, M. E., Wang, A., Wang, S. Y., Wen, C. Y., and Zhang, Z. W.

Abstract

The Taiwan-America Occultation Survey (TAOS) aims to determine the number of small icy bodies in the outer reach of the Solar System by means of stellar occultation. An array of 4 robotic small (D=0.5 m), wide-field (f/1.9) telescopes have been installed at Lulin Observatory in Taiwan to simultaneously monitor some thousand of stars for such rare occultation events. Because a typical occultation event by a TNO a few km across will last for only a fraction of a second, fast photometry is necessary. A special CCD readout scheme has been devised to allow for stellar photometry taken a few times per second. Effective analysis pipelines have been developed to process stellar light curves and to correlate any possible flux changes among all telescopes. A few billion photometric measurements have been collected since the routine survey began in early 2005. Our preliminary result of a very low detection rate suggests a deficit of small TNOs down to a few km size, consistent with the extrapolation of some recent studies of larger (30--100 km) TNOs., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, IAU Symposium 236

Published
2006
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189. GRB 071112C: A CASE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MECHANISMS IN X-RAY AND OPTICAL TEMPORAL EVOLUTION

Author

Huang, K. Y., primary, Urata, Y., additional, Tung, Y. H., additional, Lin, H. M., additional, Xin, L. P., additional, Yoshida, M., additional, Zheng, W., additional, Akerlof, C., additional, Wang, S. Y., additional, Ip, W. H., additional, Lehner, M. J., additional, Bianco, F. B., additional, Kawai, N., additional, Kuroda, D., additional, Marshall, S. L., additional, Schwamb, M. E., additional, Qiu, Y., additional, Wang, J. H., additional, Wen, C. Y., additional, Wei, J., additional, Yanagisawa, K., additional, and Zhang, Z. W., additional

Published
2012
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