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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have numerous applications in the field of carbon nanomaterials. However, the associated toxicity concerns have increased significantly because of their widespread use. The inhalation of MWCNTs can lead to nanoparticle deposition in the lung tissue, causing inflammation and health risks. In this study, celastrol, a natural plant medicine with potent anti-inflammatory properties, effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells, including white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, and levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, in mice lungs exposed to MWCNTs. Moreover, celastrol inhibited the activation of the NF-κB-signaling pathway. This study confirmed these findings by demonstrating comparable reductions in inflammation upon exposure to MWCNTs in mice with the deletion of NF-κB (P50 -/- ). These results indicate the utility of celastrol as a promising pharmacological agent for preventing MWCNT-induced lung tissue inflammation.

A cellulose-reinforced eutectogel was constructed by deep eutectic solvent (DES) and cotton linter cellulose. Cellulose was dispersed in the ternary DES consisting of acrylic acid, choline chloride and AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O. The photoinitiator was then introduced into the system to in situ polymerize acrylic acid monomer to form transparent and ionic conductive eutectogels while keeping all the DES. The crosslinks formed by Al 3+ induced ionic bonds and reversible links formed by hydrogen bonds give the eutectogels high stretchability (3200 ± 200 % tensile strain), self-adhesive (52.1 kPa to glass), self-healing and good mechanical strength (670 kPa). The eutectogels were assembled into sensors and epidermal patch electrodes that demonstrated high quality human motion sensing and physiological signal detection (electrocardiogram and electromyography). This work provides a facile way to design flexible electronics for sensing., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The possibility of using a color contrast method to evaluate blood loss during liposuction was assessed. A color chart of blood-lipid content associated with different blood volumes was developed., Methods: Three color cards with different concentrations of blood were developed based on clinical parameters. The color cards were used to evaluate the volume of blood present in liposuction solutions obtained from 60 clinical liposuction patients. The red blood cell count also was evaluated for each patient. The data obtained using each evaluation method were compared and statistically analyzed to determine the most accurate calculation formula., Results: The red blood cell counts were compared to the color card results. The paired t test results for the calculated values for the 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 color cards and the red blood cell count values were comparable (44.3 ± 22.1 ml vs. 53.6 ± 25.0 ml, t = 10.5; 45.4 ± 19.0 ml vs. 55.2 ± 20.7 ml, t = 18.1; 41.9 ± 25.6 ml vs. 52.8 ± 28.3 ml, t = 14.0). The P values were < 0.05, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The average standard error of the mean was 0.90, 0.54, and 0.77, respectively. Sixty samples were evaluated in a scatter diagram using the two detection methods. Trend analysis revealed that the two results demonstrated a linear increase (y = 5.6 + 1.1x), R 2 = 0.989, indicating that the two inspection methods were highly correlated with only small errors., Conclusion: The colorimetric card protocol developed in this study could quickly, accurately, and conveniently calculate blood volumes in liposuction fluids, which has considerable clinical significance., No Level Assigned: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 ., (© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Two-dimensional materials possess a large number of interesting and important properties. Various methods have been developed to assemble two-dimensional aggregates. Assembly of colloidal particles can be achieved with laser-heating-induced thermal convective flow. In this paper, an opto-hydrodynamic binding method is proposed to assemble colloidal particles dispersed in a solution into multilayer structures. First, we use polystyrene (PS) microspheres to study the feasibility and characteristics of the assembly method. PS microspheres and monodispersed magnetic silica microspheres (SLEs) are dispersed in a solution to form a binary mixture system. Under the action of an external uniform magnetic field, SLEs in the solution form chains. An SLE chain is heated by a laser beam. Due to the photothermal effect, the SLE chain is heated to produce a thermal gradient, resulting in thermal convection. The thermal convection drives the PS beads to move toward the heated SLE chain and finally stably assemble into multilayer aggregates on both sides of the SLE chain. The laser power affects the speed and result of the assembly. When the laser power is constant, the degree of constraint of the PS microbeads in different layers is also different. At the same time, this method can also assemble the biological cells, and the spacing of different layers of cells can be changed by changing the electrolyte concentration of the solution. Our work provides an approach to assembling colloidal particles and cells, which has a potential application in the analysis of the collective dynamics of microparticles and microbes., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential effectiveness of several mainstream therapies, including phototherapy, antidepressants, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and negative ion generators, in the treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)., Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and WOS databases was conducted from January 1975 to December 3, 2022. Randomized controlled trials meeting predefined selection criteria for the treatment of SAD using mainstream therapeutic approaches were identified. After reviewing abstracts, data were synthesized and categorized based on the type of intervention and the targeted disorder., Results: A total of 21 randomized controlled trials, involving 1037 participants, were included. The standardized mean difference of depression scores and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals were calculated to assess the efficacy of phototherapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder. The meta-analysis revealed that phototherapy was significantly more effective than other intervention groups or control therapies, with an effect size of 4.64(2.38,7.03). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that no factors could explain the significant heterogeneity observed. Phototherapy exhibited statistically significant mild to moderate therapeutic effects in alleviating depressive symptoms and can be considered as a clinical therapy for treating Seasonal Affective Disorder. However, the quality of evidence remains low, and further well-designed, larger sample size, and high-quality studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of phototherapy in treating Seasonal Affective Disorder., Conclusion: In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that bright light therapy is a promising first-line non-pharmacological treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), showing significant improvement in mood symptoms compared to placebo. The findings support the use of bright light therapy as an effective and well-tolerated intervention for SAD. However, further large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of different treatment approaches for SAD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The reasonably constructed high-performance electrocatalyst is crucial to achieve sustainable electrocatalytic water splitting. Alloying is a prospective approach to effectively boost the activity of metal electrocatalysts. However, it is a difficult subject for the controllable synthesis of small alloying nanostructures with high dispersion and robustness, preventing further application of alloy catalysts. Herein, we propose a well-defined molecular template to fabricate a highly dispersed NiRu alloy with ultrasmall size. The catalyst presents superior alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance featuring an overpotential as low as 20.6 ± 0.9 mV at 10 mA·cm -2 . Particularly, it can work steadily for long periods of time at industrial-grade current densities of 0.5 and 1.0 A·cm -2 merely demanding low overpotentials of 65.7 ± 2.1 and 127.3 ± 4.3 mV, respectively. Spectral experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that alloying can change the d -band center of both Ni and Ru by remodeling the electron distribution and then optimizing the adsorption of intermediates to decrease the water dissociation energy barrier. Our research not only demonstrates the tremendous potential of molecular templates in architecting highly active ultrafine nanoalloy but also deepens the understanding of water electrolysis mechanism on alloy catalysts.

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) appears to be a promising technique for the removal of sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) ≥ 10 mm. To assess the effectiveness and safety of EMR for removing SSPs ≥ 10 mm, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: We conducted a thorough search of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies reporting on EMR of SSPs ≥ 10 mm, up until December 2023. Our primary endpoints of interest were rates of technical success, residual SSPs, and adverse events (AE)., Results: Our search identified 426 articles, of which 14 studies with 2262 SSPs were included for analysis. The rates of technical success, AEs, and residual SSPs were 100%, 2.0%, and 3.1%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the technical success rates were the same for polyps 10-19 and 20 mm, and en-bloc and piecemeal resection. Residual SSPs rates were similar in en-bloc and piecemeal resection, but much lower in cold EMR (1.0% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.034). AEs rates were reduced in cold EMR compared to hot EMR (0% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.168), in polyps 10-19 mm compared to 20 mm (0% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.255), and in piecemeal resection compared to en-bloc (0% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.169)., Conclusions: EMR is an effective and safe technique for removing SSPs ≥ 10 mm. The therapeutic effect of cold EMR is superior to that of hot EMR, with a lower incidence of adverse effects., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42023388959., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in humans, especially in infants and the elderly. The identification and structural resolution of the potent neutralizing epitopes on RSV fusion (F) protein enable an "epitope-focused" vaccine design. However, the display of RSV F epitope II on the surface of the widely-used human hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has failed to induce neutralizing antibody response in mice. Here, we used the hepadnavirus core protein (HcAg) from different mammalian hosts as scaffolds to construct chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) presenting the RSV F epitope II. Mouse immunization showed that different HcAg-based chimeric VLPs elicited significantly different neutralizing antibody responses, among which the HcAg derived from roundleaf bat (RBHcAg) is the most immunogenic. Furthermore, RBHcAg was used as the scaffold platform to present multiple RSV F epitopes, and the immunogenicity was further improved in comparison to that displaying a single epitope II. The designed RBHcAg-based multiple-epitope-presenting VLP formulated with MF59-like adjuvant elicited a potent and balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, and offered substantial protection in mice against the challenge of live RSV A2 virus. The designed chimeric VLPs may serve as the potential starting point for developing epitope-focused vaccines against RSV. Our study also demonstrated that RBHcAg is an effective VLP carrier for presenting foreign epitopes, providing a promising platform for epitope-focused vaccine design., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Surgery combined with radiotherapy substantially escalates the likelihood of encountering complications in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma(ESCSCC). We aimed to investigate the feasibility of Deep-learning-based radiomics of intratumoral and peritumoral MRI images to predict the pathological features of adjuvant radiotherapy in ESCSCC and minimize the occurrence of adverse events associated with the treatment., Methods: A dataset comprising MR images was obtained from 289 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection between January 2019 and April 2022. The dataset was randomly divided into two cohorts in a 4:1 ratio.The postoperative radiotherapy options were evaluated according to the Peter/Sedlis standard. We extracted clinical features, as well as intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features, using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. We constructed the Clinical Signature (Clinic&#95;Sig), Radiomics Signature (Rad&#95;Sig) and the Deep Transformer Learning Signature (DTL&#95;Sig). Additionally, we fused the Rad&#95;Sig with the DTL&#95;Sig to create the Deep Learning Radiomic Signature (DLR&#95;Sig). We evaluated the prediction performance of the models using the Area Under the Curve (AUC), calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA)., Results: The DLR&#95;Sig showed a high level of accuracy and predictive capability, as demonstrated by the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98(95% CI: 0.97-0.99) for the training cohort and 0.79(95% CI: 0.67-0.90) for the test cohort. In addition, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, which provided p-values of 0.87 for the training cohort and 0.15 for the test cohort, respectively, indicated a good fit. DeLong test showed that the predictive effectiveness of DLR&#95;Sig was significantly better than that of the Clinic&#95;Sig(P < 0.05 both the training and test cohorts). The calibration plot of DLR&#95;Sig indicated excellent consistency between the actual and predicted probabilities, while the DCA curve demonstrating greater clinical utility for predicting the pathological features for adjuvant radiotherapy., Conclusion: DLR&#95;Sig based on intratumoral and peritumoral MRI images has the potential to preoperatively predict the pathological features of adjuvant radiotherapy in early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (ESCSCC)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A kind of ionic conductive gel (also named eutectogel) is developed from an inorganic salt (ZnCl 2 )-based deep eutectic solvent (DES). The ternary DES consists of ZnCl 2 , acrylic acid, and water, and cotton linter cellulose is introduced into the DES system to tailor its mechanical and conductive properties. Enabled by the extensive hydrogen bonds and ion-dipole interactions, the obtained eutectogel displays superior ionic conductivity (0.33 S/m), high stretchability (up to 2050%), large tensile strength (1.82 MPa), and wide temperature tolerance (-40 to 60 °C). In particular, the water-induced coordination interactions can tune the strength of hydrogen/ionic bonds in the eutectogels, imparting them with appealing humidity sensing ability in complex and extreme conditions.

Transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β1), as the most abundant signaling molecule in bone matrix, is essential for bone homeostasis. However, the signaling transduction of TGF-β1 in the bone-forming microenvironment remains unknown. Here, we showed that microRNA-191 (miR-191) was downregulated during osteogenesis and further decreased by osteo-favoring TGF-β1 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). MiR-191 was lower in bone tissues from children than in those from middle-aged individuals and it was negatively correlated with collagen type I alpha 1 chain ( COL1A1 ). MiR-191 depletion significantly increased osteogenesis and bone formation in vivo . Hydrogels embedded with miR-191-low BMSCs displayed a powerful bone repair effect. Mechanistically, transcription factors BMI1 and SMAD2 coordinately controlled miR-191 level. In detail, BMI1 and pSMAD2 were both upregulated by TGF-β1 under osteogenic condition. SMAD2 activated miR-191 transcription, while BMI1 competed with SMAD2 for binding to miR-191 promoter region, thus disturbing the activation of SMAD2 on miR-191 and reducing miR-191 level. Altogether, our findings reveal that miR-191 regulated by TGF-β1-induced BMI1 and SMAD2 negatively modulated bone formation and regeneration, and inhibition of miR-191 might be therapeutically useful to enhance bone repair in clinic., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Deoxynivalenol contamination in feed and food, pervasive from growth, storage, and processing, poses a significant risk to dairy cows, particularly when exposed to a high-starch diet; however, whether a high-starch diet exacerbates these negative effects remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the combined impact of deoxynivalenol and dietary starch on the production performance, rumen function, and health of dairy cows using metabolomics and 16 S rRNA sequencing. Our findings suggested that both high- and low-starch diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol significantly reduced the concentration of propionate, isobutyrate, valerate, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and microbial crude protein (MCP) concentrations, accompanied by a noteworthy increase in NH 3 -N concentration in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05). Deoxynivalenol altered the abundance of microbial communities in vivo, notably affecting Oscillospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Selenomonadaceae. Additionally, it significantly downregulated lecithin, arachidonic acid, valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, and proline metabolism (P < 0.05). Furthermore, deoxynivalenol triggered oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation in immune system linkage, ultimately compromising the overall health of dairy cows. Collectively, both high- and low-starch diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol could have detrimental effects on rumen function, posing a potential threat to production performance and the overall health of cows. Notably, the negative effects of deoxynivalenol are more pronounced with a high-starch diet than a low-starch diet., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Photothermal therapy (PTT) of nanomaterials is an emerging novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. However, there exists an urgent need for appropriate strategies to enhance the antitumor efficacy of PTT and minimize damage to surrounding normal tissues. Piezo1 might be a promising novel photothermal therapeutic target for breast cancer. This study aims to explore the potential role of Piezo1 activation in the hyperthermia therapy of breast cancer cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the specific agonist of Piezo1 ion channel (Yoda1) aggravated the cell death of breast cancer cells triggered by heat stress in vitro . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly increased following heat stress, and Yoda1 exacerbated the rise in ROS release. GSK2795039, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), reversed the Yoda1-mediated aggravation of cellular injury and ROS generation after heat stress. The in vivo experiments demonstrate the well photothermal conversion efficiency of TiCN under the 1,064 nm laser irradiation, and Yoda1 increases the sensitivity of breast tumors to PTT in the presence of TiCN. Our study reveals that Piezo1 activation might serve as a photothermal sensitizer for PTT, which may develop as a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.)

Interfacial evaporation through hydrogel-based evaporators is emerging as a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for drinkable water production. Herein, a specially designed bi-layer hydrogel evaporator was fabricated and used for efficient solar water desalination. With cotton linter as cellulose precursor, it was dispersed in a highly concentrated ZnCl 2 (65 %) solution, and cross-linked by epichlorohydrin to prepare cellulose composite hydrogel. After removing inorganic salts by salt-leaching, polyaniline (PANi) with broadband and wide-range light absorption was then integrated into the top surface of hydrogel through in situ polymerization to construct a bi-layer evaporator. As a solar evaporator, the water could be evaporated with a low-energy demand, and the heat from the sunlight could be confined at the interface to achieve efficient water evaporation. Therefore, the hydrogel evaporator demonstrates an optimal water evaporation rate of 3.02 kg m -2  h -1 and photothermal conversion efficiency of 89.09 % under 1 sun (1 kW m -2 ) irradiation. This work provides new possibilities for efficient solar water purification systems with assured water quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None disclosed.

Key Message: Unreduced megagametophytes via second-division restitution were confirmed through heterozygosity analysis, and four candidate physical centromeres of rubber were located for the first time. The evaluation of maternal heterozygosity restitution (MHR) is vital in identifying the mechanism of 2n gametogenesis and assessing the utilization value of 2n gametes. In this study, three full-sib triploid populations were employed to evaluate the MHR of 2n female gametes of rubber tree clone GT1 and to confirm their genetic derivation. The 2n female gametes of GT1 were derived from second-division restitution (SDR) and transmitted more than half of the parental heterozygosity. In addition, low recombination frequency markers were developed, and four candidate physical centromeres of rubber tree were located for the first time. The confirmation that 2n female gametes of rubber tree clone GT1 are derived from SDR provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of 2n gametogenesis. In addition, the identified centromere location will aid in the development of centromeric markers for the rapid identification of the 2n gametogenesis mechanism., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: The association between sleep and myopia in children and adolescents has been reported, yet it remains controversial and inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different sleep traits on the risk of myopia using meta-analytical and Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques., Methods: The literature search was performed in August 31, 2023 based on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. The meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the relationship between sleep and myopia was conducted. MR analyses were carried out to assess the causal impact of genetic pre-disposition for sleep traits on myopia., Results: The results of the meta-analysis indicated a significant association between the risk of myopia and both short sleep duration [odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.42, P = 0.003] and long sleep duration (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.66-0.86, P < 0.001). MR analyses revealed no significant causal associations of genetically determined sleep traits with myopia, including chronotype, sleep duration, short sleep duration and long sleep duration (all P > 0.05)., Conclusions: No evidence was found to support a causal relationship between sleep traits and myopia. While sleep may not independently predict the risk of myopia, the potential impact of sleep on the occurrence and development of myopia cannot be disregarded., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are heterogeneous cells that can self-renew and undergo multidirectional differentiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. CCSCs are generally accepted to be important sources of CRC and are responsible for the progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of CRC. Therefore, targeting this specific subpopulation has been recognized as a promising strategy for overcoming CRC., Aim: To investigate the effect of VX-509 on CCSCs and elucidate the underlying mechanism., Methods: CCSCs were enriched from CRC cell lines by in conditioned serum-free medium. Western blot, Aldefluor, transwell and tumorigenesis assays were performed to verify the phenotypic characteristics of the CCSCs. The anticancer efficacy of VX-509 was assessed in HCT116 CCSCs and HT29 CCSCs by performing cell viability analysis, colony formation, sphere formation, flow cytometry, and western blotting assessments in vitro and tumor growth, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessments in vivo ., Results: Compared with parental cells, sphere cells derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells presented increased expression of stem cell transcription factors and stem cell markers and were more potent at promoting migration and tumorigenesis, demonstrating that the CRC sphere cells displayed CSC features. VX-509 inhibited the tumor malignant biological behavior of CRC-stem-like cells, as indicated by their proliferation, migration and clonality in vitro , and suppressed the tumor of CCSC-derived xenograft tumors in vivo . Besides, VX-509 suppressed the CSC characteristics of CRC-stem-like cells and inhibited the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling in vitro . Nodal was identified as the regulatory factor of VX-509 on CRC stem-like cells through analyses of differentially expressed genes and CSC-related database information. VX-509 markedly downregulated the expression of Nodal and its downstream phosphorylated Smad2/3 to inhibit EMT progression. Moreover, VX-509 reversed the dedifferentiation of CCSCs and inhibited the progression of EMT induced by Nodal overexpression., Conclusion: VX-509 prevents the EMT process in CCSCs by inhibiting the transcription and protein expression of Nodal, and inhibits the dedifferentiated self-renewal of CCSCs., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the stability of Acorus tatarinowii and Atractylodes lancea essential oils (ATaAL-EO) under a hot environment at 60 °C, and to analyze the differences in component, quantity, and quality changes, as well as variations in the main components, under different treatment methods of crude oil, β -cyclodextrin inclusion of ATaAL-EO, and Pickering emulsion, to improve the stability and quality of ATaAL-EO., Methods: The stability of the ATaAL-EO group, the β -cyclodextrin inclusion ATaAL-EO group, and the Pickering emulsion group were investigated under a 60 °C heat environment. Volatile oil retention rate and peroxide value were collected and measured. The volatile oil components of each group were determined by GC-MS, and t-tests were used to screen for differential components. PCA plots for each group were constructed using the OmicShare online platform. Line plots were generated using the Rmisc and reshape2 packages. Upset Venn diagrams under different hot environments were created using the OmicShare online platform to identify quantitative and qualitative changing components and heat map stack plots for newly generated compounds and connected line plots for disappearing compounds were produced for each group. Boxplots for the main component compounds under different hot environments were generated using the reshape2 and ggplot2 packages., Results: In a hot environment of 60 °C, the β -cyclodextrin inclusion ATaAL-EO and Pickering emulsion group with 1, 3, and 8 h of placement showed higher retention and lower oxidation degree compared to the stability of the ATaAL-EO group. GC-MS analysis results showed that the stability of volatile components in the Pickering emulsion group and β -cyclodextrin inclusion ATaAL-EO group was significantly improved compared to the crude oil group., Conclusion: β -cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with ATaAL-EO, as well as Pickering emulsions, can significantly enhance the stability and quality of ATaAL-EO. Pickering emulsions have more advantages., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Jun-Bo Zou reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/100014717National Natural Science Foundation (No. 82274105, China). Jun-Bo Zou reports financial support was provided by Shaanxi Province Key R&D Program (2022SF-238). Jun-Bo Zou reports financial support was provided by Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Key Discipline of Shaanxi province (303061107). Jun-Bo Zou reports financial support was provided by Discipline Innovation team Project of 10.13039/501100017605Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine (2019-YL11). Jun-Bo Zou reports financial support was provided by Shaanxi Province Key subject of pharmacy engineering of Shaanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine administration (2017001). Jun-Bo Zou reports a relationship with Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine that includes:. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Oxidative stress dysfunction has recently been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Previously, we found that advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in plasma were elevated in women with POI and had an adverse effect on granulosa cell proliferation. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of AOPPs on autophagy-lysosome pathway regulation in granulosa cells remains unclear. In this study, the effect of AOPPs on autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis and the underlying mechanisms were explored by a series of in vitro experiments in KGN and COV434 cell lines. AOPP-treated rat models were employed to determine the negative effect of AOPPs on the autophagy-lysosome systems in vivo. We found that increased AOPP levels activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and inhibited the autophagic response and lysosomal biogenesis in KGN and COV434 cells. Furthermore, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with N-acetylcysteine and blockade of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin or via starvation alleviated the AOPP-induced inhibitory effects on autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, suggesting that these effects of AOPPs are ROS-mTOR dependent. The protein expression and nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), the key regulator of lysosomal and autophagic function, were also impaired by the AOPP-activated ROS-mTOR pathway. In addition, TFEB overexpression attenuated the AOPP-induced impairment of autophagic flux and lysosomal biogenesis in KGN and COV434 cells. Chronic AOPP stimulation in vivo also impaired autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in granulosa cells of rat ovaries. The results highlight that AOPPs lead to impairment of autophagic flux and lysosomal biogenesis via ROS-mTOR-TFEB signaling in granulosa cells and participate in the pathogenesis of POI., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly causing back pain, affects up to 0.5% of the global population, more commonly in males. Frequently undiagnosed in early stages, AS is often associated with comorbid depression and anxiety, imposing significant healthcare burdens. Despite available pharmaceutical treatments, exercise therapy (ET) has emerged as an effective, side-effect-free alternative, particularly for managing AS-induced back pain. This study aims to explore the research trends in ET for treating AS back pain from 2004-2023. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive analysis of 437 articles, sourced from the Science Citation Index-Expanded within the Web of Science Core Collection, was conducted using CiteSpace 6.2.R5. This study spanned from 2004 to October 15, 2023, examining publications, authors, institutions, and keywords to assess keyword co-occurrences, temporal progressions, and citation bursts. RESULTS Research interest in ET for AS began escalating around 2008 and has since shown steady growth. The USA emerged as a significant contributor, with Van der Heijde, Desiree, and RUDWALEIT M being notable authors. Key institutions include Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris and UDICE-French Research Universities, with ANN RHEUM DIS being the most influential journal. The field's evolution is marked by interdisciplinary integration and branching into various sub-disciplines. CONCLUSIONS Exercise therapy for AS-induced back pain is a growing research area, necessitating further exploration in clinical management and rehabilitation strategies. The relationship between ET and osteoimmunological mechanisms remains a focal point for future research, with a trend towards personalized and interdisciplinary treatment approaches.

Objectives: To define how dynamic changes in pre- versus post-operative serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels may impact postoperative morbidity after curative-intent resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion can occur at the time of liver resection and may be associated with adverse outcomes following liver resection., Methods: Patients who underwent curative resection for HCC between 2010-2020 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Changes in AST and ALT (CAA) on postoperative day (POD) 3 versus preoperative values () were calculated using the formula: based on a fusion index via Euclidean norm, which was examined relative to the comprehensive complication index (CCI). The impact of CAA on CCI was assessed by the restricted cubic spline regression and Random Forest analyses., Results: A total of 759 patients were included in the analytic cohort. Median CAA was 1.7 (range, 0.9 to 3.25); 431 (56.8%) patients had a CAA<2, 215 (28.3%) patients with CAA 2-5, and 113 (14.9%) patients had CAA ≥5. The incidence of post-operative complications was 65.0% (n=493) with a median CCI of 20.9 (IQR, 20.9-33.5). Spline regression analysis demonstrated a non-linear incremental association between CAA and CCI. The optimal cutoff value of CAA=5 was identified by the recursive partitioning technique. After adjusting for other competing risk factors, CAA≥5 remained strongly associated with risk of post-operative complications (Ref. CAA<5, OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.05-2.55, P=0.03). In fact, the use of CAA to predict post-operative complications was very good in both the derivative (AUC 0.88) and external (ACU 0.86) cohorts (n=1137)., Conclusions: CAA was an independent predictor of CCI after liver resection for HCC. Use of routine labs such as AST and ALT can help identify patients at highest risk of post-operative complications following HCC resection., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most important agents responsible for viral acute gastroenteritis, among which GII.4 NoV is the predominant strain worldwide, and GII.17 NoV surpassed GII.4 in some epidemic seasons. Rapid and accurate gene recognition is essential for a timely response to NoV outbreaks., Methods: In the present study, the highly conserved regions of GII.4 and GII.17 NoVs were identified in the junction of open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 and then amplified by isothermal recombinase-aided amplification (RAA), followed by the cleavage of CRISPR-Cas13a with screened CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and RAA primers. The entire detection procedure could be completed within 40 min using a thermostat, and the results could be read out by the naked eye under a portable blue light transilluminator., Discussion: The assay showed a high sensitivity of 97.96% and a high specificity of 100.0%. It offered a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5×10 0 copies/reaction and a coincidence rate of 96.75% in 71 clinical fecal samples. Overall, rapid and inexpensive detection of GII.4/GII.17 NoVs was established, which makes it possible to be used in areas with limited resources, particularly in low-income countries. Furthermore, it will contribute to assessing transmission risks and implementing control measures for GII.4/GII.17 NoVs, making healthcare more accessible worldwide., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Jing, Wang, Xu, Yu, Du, Chen, Tang, Zhang and Dai.)

Background: This study aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases between 1990 and 2019, considering five etiologies (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, NAFLD and other causes), age, gender, and sociodemographic index (SDI)., Methods: Data on liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2019., Results: In 2019, liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases accounted for 1,472,011 (95% UI 1,374,608-1,578,731) deaths worldwide, compared to 1,012,975 (948,941-1,073,877) deaths in 1990. Despite an increase in absolute deaths, the age-standardized death rate declined from 24.43 (22.93-25.73) per 100,000 population in 1990 to 18.00 (19.31-16.80) per 100,000 population in 2019. Eastern sub-Saharan Africa exhibited the highest age-standardized death rate (44.15 [38.47-51.91] per 100,000 population), while Australasia had the lowest rate (5.48 [5.05-5.93] deaths per 100,000 population in 2019). The age-standardized incidence rate of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases attributed to hepatitis B virus has declined since 1990, but incidence rates for other etiologies have increased. Age-standardized death and DALYs rates progressively decreased with higher SDI across different GBD regions and countries. Mortality due to liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases increased with age in 2019, and the death rate among males was estimated 1.51 times higher than that among females globally., Conclusion: Liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases continues to pose a significant global public health challenge. Effective disease control, prevention, and treatment strategies should account for variations in risk factors, age, gender, and regional disparities., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: Reviews have shown that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) were effective in improving cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), but the results were contradictory. This umbrella review aimed to summarize and grade the existing reviews on CVRFs associated with MBIs., Methods: The protocol of this umbrella review had been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022356812). PubMed, Web of science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from database inception to 20 July 2022. The quality of evidence was assessed through GRADE., Results: Twenty-seven reviews with 14,923 participants were included. Overall, 45% of reviews had low heterogeneity (I 2  < 25%). For the quality of evidence, 31% were rated very low, 42% were rated low, 17% were rated moderate and 10% were rated high. MBIs significantly improved systolic blood pressure [SMD -5.53 mmHg (95% CI -7.81, -3.25)], diastolic blood pressure [SMD -2.13 mmHg (95% CI -2.97, -1.30)], smoking [Cohen's d 0.42 (95% CI 0.20, 0.64)], glycosylated hemoglobin [MD 0.01 (95% CI -0.43, -0.07)], binge eating behavior [SMD -6.49 (95% CI -10.80, -2.18)], depression [SMD -0.72 (95% CI -1.23, -0.21)] and stress [SMD -0.67 (95% CI -1.00, -0.34)]., Conclusions: In conclusion, this umbrella review provided evidence for the role of MBIs in the improvement of CVRFs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) constitutes a group of heterogeneous malignancies within the liver. We sought to subtype ICC based on anatomical origin of tumors, as well as propose modifications of the current classification system., Methods: Patients undergoing curative-intent resection for ICC, hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified from three international multi-institutional consortia of databases. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were assessed., Results: Among 1264 patients with ICC, 1066 (84.3%) were classified as ICC-peripheral subtype, whereas 198 (15.7%) were categorized as ICC-perihilar subtype. Compared with ICC-peripheral subtype, ICC-perihilar subtype was more often associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, including a higher incidence of nodal metastasis, macro- and microvascular invasion, perineural invasion, as well as worse overall survival (OS) (median: ICC-perihilar 19.8 vs. ICC-peripheral 37.1 months; p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (median: ICC-perihilar 12.8 vs. ICC-peripheral 15.2 months; p = 0.019). ICC-perihilar subtype and hilar CCA had comparable OS (19.8 vs. 21.4 months; p = 0.581) and DFS (12.8 vs. 16.8 months; p = 0.140). ICC-peripheral subtype tumors were associated with more advanced tumor features, as well as worse survival outcomes versus HCC (OS, median: ICC-peripheral 37.1 vs. HCC 74.3 months; p < 0.001; DFS, median: ICC-peripheral 15.2 vs. HCC 45.5 months; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: ICC should be classified as ICC-perihilar and ICC-peripheral subtype based on distinct clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. ICC-perihilar subtype behaved more like carcinoma of the bile duct (i.e., hilar CCA), whereas ICC-peripheral subtype had features and a prognosis more akin to a primary liver malignancy., (© 2023. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Aims: To identify potential risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents and assess the credibility of each evidence, providing reference for the development of myopia prevention strategies., Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases from inception to April 2022 to find systematic reviews or meta-analyses investigating the relationship between potential risk factors and myopia, and conducted an umbrella review. We recalculated the pooled effect sizes and 95% CIs of each potential risk factor through random-effects model, and reported its 95% prediction interval and between-study heterogeneity. Small-study effect and excess of significance bias were assessed to reveal potential publication bias., Results: Twelve publications were included in this umbrella review, including eight meta-analyses and four qualitative systematic reviews. Twenty-two factors were identified, of which 16 were analysed quantitatively. Ten factors showed statistically significant association with myopia. Myopia in one or two parents and per additional hour of time spend outdoors per week were rated as highly suggestive evidence. Near work and gender were evaluated as suggestive evidence. The other five factors are weak evidence., Conclusions: We found several risk factors for myopia with different levels of evidence, of which parental myopia presented the strongest association with myopia in children and adolescents. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the association between potential risk factors and myopia among children and adolescents and are important for informing parenting, education, clinical practice guidelines and public health policy., Prospero Trial Registration Number: CRD42022333053., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The proliferation of single-cell RNA-seq data has greatly enhanced our ability to comprehend the intricate nature of diverse tissues. However, accurately annotating cell types in such data, especially when handling multiple reference datasets and identifying novel cell types, remains a significant challenge. To address these issues, we introduce Single Cell annotation based on Distance metric learning and Optimal Transport (scDOT), an innovative cell-type annotation method adept at integrating multiple reference datasets and uncovering previously unseen cell types. scDOT introduces two key innovations. First, by incorporating distance metric learning and optimal transport, it presents a novel optimization framework. This framework effectively learns the predictive power of each reference dataset for new query data and simultaneously establishes a probabilistic mapping between cells in the query data and reference-defined cell types. Secondly, scDOT develops an interpretable scoring system based on the acquired probabilistic mapping, enabling the precise identification of previously unseen cell types within the data. To rigorously assess scDOT's capabilities, we systematically evaluate its performance using two diverse collections of benchmark datasets encompassing various tissues, sequencing technologies and diverse cell types. Our experimental results consistently affirm the superior performance of scDOT in cell-type annotation and the identification of previously unseen cell types. These advancements provide researchers with a potent tool for precise cell-type annotation, ultimately enriching our understanding of complex biological tissues., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) and its collision tumors. Methods: Five cases of IVLBCL were collected, including 2 cases of collision tumors, and 1 case complicated with liver cirrhosis. The morphology and immunophenotype were analyzed. The related literature was reviewed. Results: There were 2 females and 3 males, aged from 53 to 73 years, with a median age of 65 years. The tumors were located in the lower extremities, right cerebellar hemisphere, left kidney, bilateral nasal cavity, and liver, respectively. Cases 2 and 3 were incidentally found in meningioma and renal cell carcinoma tissues, respectively. Case 5 had a background of liver cirrhosis. Morphologically, atypical large lymphoid cells were located in small blood vessels and capillary lumen, with little cytoplasm, hyperchromasia, prominent nucleoli, and obvious mitotic figures. Immunohistochemically, the IVLBCL tumor cells expressed CD20 and PAX5; 2 cases were CD5 positive. One of the 5 cases was GCB phenotype, and 4 cases were non-GCB phenotype. All cases expressed C-MYC (positive rate was 10%-40%). PD-L1 was positive in 4 cases (positive rate was 60%-90%). Ki-67 proliferation index was 70%-90%. CKpan, CD3, TDT, and CD34 were negative. In case 2, meningioma cells were positive for PR, EMA, and vimentin, but negative for CKpan and PD-L1. In case 3, renal carcinoma cells were positive for CKpan, PAX8, EMA, vimentin, CAⅨ and CD10, while PD-L1 was negative. No EBER expression (by in situ hybridization) or C-MYC gene translocation (FISH, break-apart probe) was detected in any of the 5 cases. Three patients were followed up, and all died within 1-13 months. Conclusions: IVLBCL is a highly aggressive lymphoma, with occult clinical manifestations and poor prognosis. Collision tumors of IVLBCL are extremely rare. A better understanding of IVLBCL would help pathologists avoid misdiagnoses.

Aim: To explore whether and to what extent, nurse-patient assessment differences mediate the association between nurse-to-patient ratios and readiness for hospital discharge, and examine whether nurse-patient characteristics moderate the indirect and/or direct effect of mediation model., Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2021 to December 2022., Methods: A total of 523 pairs of gastrointestinal cancer patients with PICC and their nurses were recruited. All the participants were invited to complete the general information questionnaire and the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Outcome measure was patient-reported readiness for hospital discharge. This study was reported according to the STROBE checklist., Results: The patients reported a low level of readiness for hospital discharge. Nurse-patient assessment differences were positively associated with nurse-to-patient ratios but negatively associated with readiness for hospital discharge. Furthermore, nurse-patient assessment differences fully mediated the effect of nurse-to-patient ratios on readiness for hospital discharge, and age and gender of patients only moderated the indirect path of mediation model., (© 2023 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Salinization environment affects the normal growth and development of plants, as well as the microbial community in the rhizosphere. To explore the succession dynamics of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata under salt stress condition, we performed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to determine the bacterial community composition and diversity of B. striata in the rhizosphere under different salt stress concentrations, measured the effects of salt stress on the growth and development of B. striata and soil physicochemical pro-perties, and analyzed the correlation between community composition of rhizosphere bacteria and the soil environmental factors. The results showed that compared with the control, salt stress reduced growth rate and health degree of B. striata , and significantly decreased the content of soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Under the salt stress treatment, species diversity and evenness of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of B. striata showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. There were significant differences in the relative abundance and variation trends of the dominant bacterial taxa in the rhizosphere soil of B. striata at the phylum and class levels between the control and the salt stress treatments. Salt stress intensity and duration were important factors affecting bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere soil of B. striata . Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, and total phosphorus content were key environmental factors affecting the structure of rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Functional genes related to cytoskeleton, cell motility, substance metabolism and signal transduction mechanisms may be involved in the adaptation and stress response of bacterial communities to salt stress. This study would provide theoretical basis and reference for the cultivation management of B. striata in saline area.

Introduction: To investigate the impact of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent curative-intent resection for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs)., Methods: Patients with GET-NETs who underwent curative-intent resection were identified from a multi-center database. The prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors including PNI on post-operative outcomes were evaluated. A novel nomogram was developed and externally validated., Results: A total of 2,099 patients with GEP-NETs were included in the training cohort; 255 patients were in the external validation cohort. Median PNI (n = 973) was 47.4 (IQR 43.1-52.4). At the time of presentation, 1,299 (61.9%) patients presented with some type of clinical symptom. Low-PNI (≤42.2) was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as nodal metastasis and distant metastasis (all p &lt; 0.05). Patients with a low PNI had a higher incidence of severe (≥Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa: low PNI 24.9% vs. high PNI 15.4%, p = 0.001) and multiple (≥3 types of complications: low PNI 14.5% vs. high PNI 9.2%, p = 0.024) complications, as well as a worse overall survival (OS)(5-year OS, low PNI 73.7% vs. high PNI 88.5%, p &lt; 0.001), and RFS (5-year RFS, low PNI 68.5% vs. high PNI 79.8%, p = 0.008) versus patients with high PNI (&gt;42.2). A nomogram based on PNI, tumor grade and metastatic disease demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration to predict OS in both the training (C-index 0.748) and two external validation (C-index 0.827, 0.745) cohorts., Conclusions: Low PNI was common and associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes among patients with GEP-NETs., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background: Despite the high prevalence of co-existing bronchiectasis and asthma (asthma-bronchiectasis overlap syndrome [ABOS]), little is known regarding the dominant pathogens and clinical correlates., Objective: To investigate the bacteria and viruses which differentially dominate in ABOS (including its subtypes) compared with bronchiectasis alone, and determine their relevance with bronchiectasis severity and exacerbations., Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted between March 2017 and August 2023. We included 81 patients with ABOS and 107 patients with bronchiectasis alone. At steady-state baseline, patients underwent comprehensive assessments and sputum collection for bacterial culture and viral detection (quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction). Patients were followed-up to record exacerbation and spirometry., Results: Patients with ABOS had significantly higher symptom burden and exacerbation frequency than those with bronchiectasis alone. Despite similar pathogen spectrum, the rate of bacteria-virus co-detection increased less substantially at acute exacerbations (AE) onset than at steady-state compared with bronchiectasis alone. Pathogenic bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were detected fairly common (exceeding 50%) in ABOS and were associated with greater severity of bronchiectasis when stable and conferred greater exacerbation risks at follow-up. Viral but not bacterial compositions changed substantially at AE onset compared with clinical stability. Higher blood eosinophil count, moderate-to-severe bronchiectasis and non-atopy were associated with higher odds of bacterial, but not viral, detection (all p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Detection of bacteria or virus is associated with bronchiectasis severity or clinical outcomes in ABOS. This highlights the importance of integrating sputum microbial assessment for ascertaining the dominant pathophysiology (atopy vs. infection) and longitudinal trajectory prediction in ABOS., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Allergy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.)

Exploring the function of the host immune system can help to understand the host-parasitoid interaction. Prophenoloxidase (PPO) is crucial in defensive melanization during the encapsulation of wasp eggs. However, the existence of multiple PPO sequences increases the difficulty of exploring the specific functions of individual PPOs. We previously identified three PPOs in the nipa palm hispid beetle, Octodonta nipae. Our current work showed that OnPPO1 and OnPPO2 possessed the typical characteristics of the type III copper family, but OnPPO3 lacked the conserved histidine residues, and its active sites were substituted with Gln. OnPPOs showed the highest expression in hemocytes, but OnPPO3 presented extremely low abundance compared with that of OnPPO1 and OnPPO2, and only OnPPO1 showed a quick response after wasp infection. OnPPO1 knockdown decreased the encapsulation index and inhibited melanization, whereas silencing of OnPPO3 appeared to have no adverse effect on encapsulation and melanization, and silencing of OnPPO2 presented low RNAi efficiency. Moreover, the cleavage of recombinant OnPPO1 produced a 62 kDa fragment with high PO activity. OnPPO1 could be produced by oenocytoids, granulocytes and plasmatocytes, and was distributed around wasp eggs during capsule formation. Overall, our results indicate that proteolytic cleavage of OnPPO1 plays key roles in the melanized encapsulation of wasp eggs. This finding illuminates the mechanism of PPO activation in this invasive beetle and provides guidance for its biological control., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Recently, superhydrophobic surfaces have received increasing interest in metal corrosion protection due to their excellent waterproofing characteristics. However, little attention has been paid to the related anti-corrosion mechanism at the molecular level. In this work, the protection behaviors provided by the superhydrophobic dodecyltrimethoxysilane for mild steel were first explored using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in terms of silane absorption orientations and water cluster wetting behaviors. The results show that the conformations of dodecyltrihydroxysilane (DTHS) on the Fe substrate are greatly dependent on the solvent environment. Typically, the DTHS molecule adopts a "standing" orientation with the hydrophilic head attached to the Fe surface and the hydrophobic tail remaining in the polar phase, which is conducting to generate a good repulsive effect on the water droplet. Based on this, the diffusion performance of corrosive species in the superhydrophobic DTHS film was further investigated. The computational results indicate that the corrosive species are confined to specific regions of the film, which results in a decreased diffusion coefficient. Additionally, the weak movement of DTHS molecules also increases the transport resistance of the corrosive medium through the superhydrophobic DTHS film, thereby improving the corrosion protection of the underlying metal substrate. The results obtained in this work will deepen our understanding of the anticorrosion mechanism of superhydrophobic silane films., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this work., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

IL-33 has been associated with pro- and anticancer functions in cancer. However, its role in pancreatic cancer metastasis remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-548t-5p/IL-33 axis in the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Luciferase activity assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA were performed to prove whether IL-33 is the target of miR-548t-5p. In vivo metastasis assay and cellular transwell assay were performed to explore the role of miR-548t-5p/IL-33 axis in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Co-culture experiments and immunohistochemistry were performed to observe whether IL-33 affects cell invasion and metastasis dependent on the involvement of M2 macrophages. THP-1 cell induction experiment and flow cytometry were performed to explore the effect of IL-33 on macrophage polarization. CCK-8, colony formation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, cell wound healing and transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of IL-33 induced M2 macrophages on cell malignant biological behavior by coculturing pancreatic cancer cells with the conditioned medium (CM) from macrophages. We found that miR-548t-5p regulated the expression and secretion of IL-33 in pancreatic cancer cells by directly targeting IL-33 mRNA. IL-33 secreted by cancer cells promoted the recruitment and activation of macrophages to a M2-like phenotype. In turn, IL-33 induced M2 macrophages promoted the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Moreover, IL-33 affected pancreatic cancer cell invasion dependent on the involvement of M2 macrophages in the co-culture system. Thus, our study suggested that manipulation of this IL-33-dependent crosstalk has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of pancreatic cancer metastasis.

Curcumin (CUR) has good antitumor effects, but its poor aqueous solubility severely limits its clinical application and the systemic nonspecific distribution of the free drug in tumor patients is a key therapeutic challenge. In order to overcome the limitations of free drugs and improve the therapeutic efficacy, we developed novel galactosylated chitosan (GC)-modified nanoparticles (GC@NPs) based on poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA), which can target asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) expressed on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and have excellent biocompatibility. The results showed that the drug loading (DL) of CUR was approximately 4.56 %. A favorable biosafety profile was maintained up to concentrations of 500 μg/mL. Furthermore, in vitro cellular assays showed that GC@NPs could be efficiently internalized by HepG2 cells via ASGPR-mediated endocytosis and successfully released CUR for chemotherapy. More importantly, in vivo anti-tumor experiments revealed that GC@NPs were able to accumulate effectively within tumor sites through EPR effect and ASGPR-mediated endocytosis, leading to superior inhibition of tumor growth compared to free CUR. Overall, GC@NPs are a promising CUR nanocarrier for enhanced tumor therapy with a good biosafety profile., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of mediator complex subunit 8 (MED8) in gastric cancer and its impact on the cell cycle.Methods The expression of MED8 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues and its correlation with patients' prognosis were analyzed using public databases.A validation cohort of 104 patients who underwent radical resection for gastric cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from June 2012 to July 2017 was included.The receiver operating characteristic curve was established to evaluate the predictive value of MED8 for postoperative 5-year survival.Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the biological roles of MED8 in gastric cancer.The effect of the MED8 level on the G1/S phase transition of gastric cancer cells (MGC-803) was analyzed via lentivirus transduction and flow cytometry.Western blotting was carried out to assess the impact of MED8 expression on the protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 4(Cdk4) and G1/S-specific cyclin-D1(CyclinD1) in MGC-803 cells.Results The high expression of MED8 in the gastric cancer tissue was associated with poor prognosis ( P <0.001) and had prognostic significance (area under curve=0.733, P <0.001).Gene enrichment analysis suggested that MED8 may participate in the cell cycle process.Flow cytometry results revealed that the upregulation of MED8 expression promoted the transition of MGC-803 cells from the G1 phase to the S phase ( P <0.001),while the downregulation of MED8 had the opposite effect ( P <0.001).Western blotting showed increases in the protein levels of Cdk4 and CyclinD1 in MGC-803 cells with upregulated MED8 expression (all P <0.001),and decreases in the cells with downregulated MED8 expression (all P <0.001).Conclusion MED8 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and may affect its progression and prognosis by regulating the G1/S phase transition of gastric cancer cells.

Background: Endoscopic evaluation in diagnosing and managing ulcerative colitis (UC) is becoming increasingly important. Several endoscopic scoring systems have been established, including the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) score and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES). Furthermore, the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting (TIGER) score for UC has recently been proposed; however, its clinical value remains unclear., Aim: To investigate the clinical value of the TIGER score in UC by comparing it with the UCEIS score and MES., Methods: This retrospective study included 166 patients with UC who underwent total colonoscopy between January 2017 and March 2023 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao, China). We retrospectively analysed endoscopic scores, laboratory and clinical data, treatment, and readmissions within 1 year. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, receiver operating characteristic curve, and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and GraphPad Prism version 9.0.0 for Windows (GraphPad Software, Boston, Massachusetts, United States)., Results: The TIGER score significantly correlated with the UCEIS score and MES ( r = 0.721, 0.626, both P < 0.001), showed good differentiating values for clinical severity among mild, moderate, and severe UC [8 (4-112.75) vs 210 (109-219) vs 328 (219-426), all P < 0.001], and exhibited predictive value in diagnosing patients with severe UC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.897, P < 0.001]. Additionally, the TIGER ( r = 0.639, 0,551, 0.488, 0.376, all P < 0.001) and UCEIS scores ( r = 0.622, 0,540, 0.494, and 0.375, all P < 0.001) showed stronger correlations with laboratory and clinical parameters, including C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, length of hospitalisation, and hospitalisation costs, than MES ( r = 0.509, 0,351, 0.339, and 0.270, all P < 0.001). The TIGER score showed the best predictability for patients' recent advanced treatment, including systemic corticosteroids, biologics, or immunomodulators (AUC = 0.848, P < 0.001) and 1-year readmission (AUC = 0.700, P < 0.001) compared with the UCEIS score (AUC = 0.762, P < 0.001; 0.627, P < 0.05) and MES (AUC = 0.684, P < 0.001; 0.578, P = 0.132). Furthermore, a TIGER score of ≥ 317 was identified as an independent risk factor for advanced UC treatment ( P = 0.011)., Conclusion: The TIGER score may be superior to the UCIES score and MES in improving the accuracy of clinical disease severity assessment, guiding therapeutic decision-making, and predicting short-term prognosis., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest related to this study., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics techniques provide valuable spatial and gene expression information at single-cell resolution. However, their current capability is restricted to profiling a limited number of genes per sample, resulting in most of the transcriptome remaining unmeasured. To overcome this challenge, we develop ENGEP, an ensemble learning-based tool that predicts unmeasured gene expression in spatial transcriptomics data by using multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets as references. ENGEP outperforms current state-of-the-art tools and brings biological insight by accurately predicting unmeasured genes. ENGEP has exceptional efficiency in terms of runtime and memory usage, making it scalable for analyzing large datasets., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: There is accumulating evidence of the associations between age-related eye diseases (AREDs) and smoking or dietary factors. We aimed to provide an umbrella review of the published literature pertaining to smoking or dietary intake as risk factors for major AREDs including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy., Methods: We searched for pertinent systematic reviews or meta-analyses in PubMed and Web of Science until 16 April 2022. We reperformed the meta-analysis of each association using random effects models. The heterogeneity and 95% prediction interval were calculated. The presence of small-study effect or excess significance bias was also assessed., Results: In total, 64 associations from 25 meta-analyses and 41 associations from 10 qualitative systematic reviews were evaluated. There was convincing (class I) evidence for only one association, namely current smoking and cataract. Two factors had highly suggestive (class II) evidence, namely ever smoking associated with cataract and fish consumption associated with AMD. We also found suggestive (class III) evidence for associations between the dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C and the risk of cataract., Conclusions: Smoking as a risk factor for cataract was the most robust association we identified. We also identified several dietary elements associated with AREDs. Large prospective studies are warranted to further examine the associations discussed in this review., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42022339082., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: Herd immunity against norovirus (NoV) is poorly understood in terms of its serological properties and vaccine designs. The precise neutralizing serological features of genotype I (GI) NoV have not been studied., Methods: To expand insights on vaccine design and herd immunity of NoVs, seroprevalence and seroincidence of NoV genotypes GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 were determined using blockade antibodies based on a 5-year longitudinal serosurveillance among 449 residents in Jidong community., Results: Correlation between human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and GI NoV, and dynamic and persistency of antibodies were also analyzed. Seroprevalence of GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 NoV were 15.1%-18.0%, 35.0%-38.8%, and 17.6%-22.0%; seroincidences were 10.0, 21.0, and 11.0 per 100.0 person-year from 2014 to 2018, respectively. Blockade antibodies positive to GI.2 and GI.3 NoV were significantly associated with HBGA phenotypes, including blood types A, B (excluding GI.3), and O + ; Lewis phenotypes Le b+ /Le y+ and Le a+b+ /Le x+y+ ; and secretors. The overall decay rate of anti-GI.2 antibody was -5.9%/year (95% CI: -7.1% to -4.8%/year), which was significantly faster than that of GI.3 [-3.6%/year (95% CI: -4.6% to -2.6%/year)] and GI.9 strains [-4.0%/year (95% CI: -4.7% to -3.3%/year)]. The duration of anti-GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 NoV antibodies estimated by generalized linear model (GLM) was approximately 2.3, 4.2, and 4.8 years, respectively., Discussion: In conclusion, enhanced community surveillance of GI NoV is needed, and even one-shot vaccine may provide coast-efficient health benefits against GI NoV infection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yu, Xie, Li, Koroma, Wang, Wang, Jing, Xu, Yu, Du, Zhou, Liang, Zhang and Dai.)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pivotal signaling molecules that control a variety of physiological functions. As a member of the ROS family, peroxynitrite (ONOO - ) possesses strong oxidation and nitrification abilities. Abnormally elevated levels of ONOO - can lead to cellular oxidative stress, which may cause several diseases. In this work, based on the rhodamine fluorophore, we designed and synthesized a novel small-molecule fluorescent probe ( DH-1 ) for ONOO - . Upon reaction with ONOO - , DH-1 exhibited a significant fluorescence signal enhancement (approximately 34-fold). Moreover, DH-1 showed an excellent mitochondria-targeting capability. Confocal fluorescence imaging validated its ability to detect ONOO - changes in HeLa and RAW264.7 cells. Notably, we observed the ONOO - generation during the ferroptosis process by taking advantage of the probe. DH-1 displayed good biocompatibility, facile synthesis, and high selectivity, and may have potential applications in the study of ONOO - -associated diseases in biosystems.

Background: Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are essential for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, the appropriateness of anticoagulation treatment in locally practice remains unclear. This study evaluated compliance with anticoagulation therapy concerning the guidelines and drug labels in patients with NVAF. Methods: Hospitalized patients diagnosed with NVAF between 1 November 2020, and 31 December 2021, were retrospectively enrolled. The appropriateness of anticoagulation regimens at discharge was evaluated based on a flowchart designed according to atrial fibrillation (AF) guidelines and medication labels. Furthermore, we explored factors potentially influencing the "no-use of OACs" using binary logistic regression and verified anticoagulation-related issues through a physician questionnaire. Results: A total of 536 patients were enrolled in this study, including 254 patients (47.4%) with inappropriate anticoagulation regimens. 112 patients (20.9%) were categorized as "underdosing-use of OACs," 134 (25%) who needed anticoagulation therapy were "no-use of OACs" and eight (1.5%) were "over-use of OACs." The results of a binary logistic regression analysis showed that paroxysmal AF (odds ratio [OR], 7.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.57-13.10), increased blood creatinine levels (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.11-3.16), hospitalized pacemaker implantation (OR, 6.76; 95% CI, 2.67-17.11), percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.44-7.80), and an increased HAS-BLED score (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.11-2.35) were associated with "no-use of OACs" in patients with NVAF who had indications for anticoagulation therapy. Conclusion: For patients with NVAF with severe renal dysfunction and paroxysmal AF, anticoagulation therapy was inadequate. The underdosing-use of OACs in patients with NVAF was frequently observed. We recommend an anticoagulation management team to tailor anticoagulation regimens to suit each patient's needs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zheng, Feng, Guo, Xie, Li, Zhang, Zhang, Wu and Ding.)

Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is common in humans. We sought to profile sputum pathogen spectrum and impact of URTI on acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis (AE). Between March 2017 and December 2021, we prospectively collected sputum from adults with bronchiectasis. We stratified AEs into events related (URTI-AE) and unrelated to URTI (non-URTI-AE). We captured URTI without onset of AE (URTI-non-AE). We did bacterial culture and viral detection with polymerase chain reaction, and explored the pathogen spectrum and clinical impacts of URTI-AE via longitudinal follow-up. Finally, we collected 479 non-AE samples (113 collected at URTI-non-AE and 225 collected at clinically stable) and 170 AE samples (89 collected at URTI-AE and 81 collect at non-URTI-AE). The viral detection rate was significantly higher in URTI-AE (46.1%) than in non-URTI-AE (4.9%) and URTI-non-AE (11.5%) (both P  < 0.01). Rhinovirus [odds ratio (OR): 5.00, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.06-23.56, P  = 0.03] detection was independently associated with URTI-AE compared with non-URTI-AE. URTI-AE tended to yield higher viral load and detection rate of rhinovirus, metapneumovirus and bacterial shifting compared with URTI-non-AE. URTI-AE was associated with higher initial viral loads (esp. rhinovirus, metapneumovirus), greater symptom burden (higher scores of three validated questionnaires) and prolonged recovery compared to those without. Having experienced URTI-AE predicted a greater risk of future URTI-AE (OR: 10.90, 95%CI: 3.60-33.05). In summary, URTI is associated with a distinct pathogen spectrum and aggravates bronchiectasis exacerbation, providing the scientific rationale for the prevention of URTI to hinder bronchiectasis progression.

Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Background: The study aimed to find predictive biomarkers to evaluate donor kidney function to predict graft dysfunction as well as to assess an early signs of acute graft rejection., Method: Twenty-seven deceased donors and 54 recipients who underwent a successful kidney transplantation were enrolled in the study. An assessment was made in serum and urine from donors and recipients to measure the following biomarkers: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG). These biomarkers were used to establish a model for predicting a reduced graft function (RGF) classified as either a delayed or slow graft function., Result: Our analysis suggest that out of four tested biomarkers, the serum TIMP-2 and uNAG levels of the donors had a predictive value for RGF; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of serum TIMP-2 and uNAG were 0.714 and 0.779, respectively. The combined best fitting prediction model of serum TIMP-2, uNAG, and creatinine levels was better in predicting RGF than the serum creatinine level alone. In addition, the recipient serum TIMP-2 level on the third day post-transplantation (D3) was associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the seventh day post-transplantation (D7; OR 1.119, 95% CI 1.016-1.233, p = 0.022). Furthermore, the ROC curve value revealed that the AUROC of TIMP-2 on D3 was 0.99 (95% CI 0.97-1, p < 0.001), and this was the best predictive value of the renal function on D7., Conclusions: Donor serum TIMP-2 and uNAG levels are useful predictive biomarkers because they can provide the donor-based prediction for RGF., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)