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A substantial amount of mitochondrial energy is required for cell-cycle progression. The mechanisms underlying the coordination of the mitochondrial respiration with cell-cycle progression, especially the G2/M transition, remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function. Mitochondria-targeted cyclin B1/Cdk1 increases mitochondrial respiration with enhanced oxygen consumption and ATP generation, which provides cells with efficient bioenergy for G2/M transition and shortens overall cell-cycle time. Thus, cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of mitochondrial substrates allows cells to sense and respond to increased energy demand for G2/M transition and, subsequently, to upregulate mitochondrial respiration for successful cell-cycle progression.

Objectives: Iron metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) are closely related to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the interplay between them on the occurrence and progression of NAFLD is not fully understood. We aimed to disentangle the crosstalk between iron metabolism and IR and explore its impact on NAFLD. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 to evaluate the association between serum iron metabolism indicators (ferritin, serum iron, unsaturated iron‐binding capacity [UIBC], total iron‐binding capacity [TIBC], transferrin saturation, and transferrin receptor) and NAFLD/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the role of IR played in these relationship. Results: A total of 4812 participants were included, among whom 43.7% were diagnosed with NAFLD and 13.2% were further diagnosed with NASH. After adjusting the covariates, the risk of NAFLD increases with increasing serum ferritin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–2.14), UIBC (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17–1.79), and TIBC (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11–1.68). Higher levels of serum ferritin (aOR 3.70, 95% CI 2.25–6.19) and TIBC (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13–2.56) were also positively associated with NASH. Participants with IR were more likely to have NAFLD/NASH. Moreover, IR‐mediated efficacy accounted for 85.85% and 64.51% between ferritin and NAFLD and NASH, respectively. Conclusion: Higher levels of serum ferritin and TIBC are closely associated with the occurrence of NAFLD and NASH. IR may be considered a possible link between NAFLD or NASH and increased serum ferritin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Further evidence is needed to explore the impact of high-altitude environments on the neurologic function of neonates. Non-invasive techniques such as cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography can provide data on cerebral oxygenation and brain electrical activity. This study will conduct multiple cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography monitoring sessions at various time points within the first 3 days postpartum for healthy full-term neonates at different altitudes. The obtained data on cerebral oxygenation and brain electrical activity will be compared between different altitudes, and corresponding reference ranges will be established. The study involves 6 participating centers in the Chinese High Altitude Neonatal Medicine Alliance, with altitude gradients divided into 4 categories: 800 m, 1 900 m, 2 400 m, and 3 500 m, with an anticipated sample size of 170 neonates per altitude gradient. This multicenter prospective cohort study aims to provide evidence supporting the impact of high-altitude environments on early brain function and metabolism in neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For sensorless force control of a robot such as by drag-teaching and collision detection, the control accuracy depends on the accuracy of the robot dynamics model. The error of the robot dynamics model comes from two aspects, modeling and identification errors and from unmodeled dynamics. Among the unmodeled dynamics, one of the important sources of unmodeled dynamic is the friction inside the robot reducer. When the reducer rotates, there is mutual extrusion and friction between the internal components of the reducer. This kind of friction will change as the gear meshing state transforms, resulting in the phenomenon of wave friction torque. A remarkable feature of wave friction torque is that it has a periodic relationship with the joint location and it is often modeled by the Fourier series function. Wave friction torque is obvious when the rotational speed of the joint is low and decreases with the increase in rotational speed. In order to improve the accuracy of the robot dynamics model, the wave friction torque needs to be modeled and eliminated. Aiming at the wave friction of the robot harmonic joint during the rotation process, a modeling method based on a Fourier series function and BP neural network was proposed, the dynamic model of the robot was optimized, and the calculation error of the joint torque caused by the wave friction was corrected. By studying the variation characteristics of the wave friction of the harmonic reducer joint under different influencing factors, the combination of the Fourier series and BP neural network was used to model the wave friction. By adding the Fourier series function as the auxiliary input of the BP neural network, the difficulty of fitting the torque error curve due to the presence of high frequency periodic fluctuations was overcome. The neural network was trained in the off-line environment to complete the modeling of the wave friction, and then to improve the dynamic model of the robot and correct the wave friction. The experimental results show that the improved dynamic model can effectively predict the wave friction of the harmonic reducer joint and keep the corrected torque error within the range of[-0.5, 0.5] N·m, and the variance is 0.1659 N2·m2, which is 24.23% before the correction.

Background Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) has been known to be a risk factor for congenital heart defects (CHDs) for decades. However, the associations between maternal PGDM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of specific types of CHDs and congenital anomalies (CAs) in other systems remain under debate. We aimed to investigate type-specific CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and to examine the extent to which types of maternal diabetes are associated with increased risk of CAs in offspring. Methods and findings We searched PubMed and Embase from database inception to 15 October 2021 for population-based studies reporting on type-specific CAs in offspring born to women with PGDM (combined type 1 and 2) or GDM, with no limitation on language. Reviewers extracted data for relevant outcomes and performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and multivariable meta-regression. Risk of bias appraisal was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021229217). Primary outcomes were overall CAs and CHDs. Secondary outcomes were type-specific CAs. Overall, 59 population-based studies published from 1990 to 2021 with 80,437,056 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of the participants, 2,407,862 (3.0%) women had PGDM and 2,353,205 (2.9%) women had GDM. The meta-analyses showed increased risks of overall CAs/CHDs in offspring born to women with PGDM (for overall CAs, relative risk [RR] = 1.99, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.17, P < 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 3.46, 95% CI 2.77 to 4.32, P < 0.001) or GDM (for overall CAs, RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23, P < 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.64, P < 0.001). The results of the meta-regression analyses showed significant differences in RRs of CAs/CHDs in PGDM versus GDM (all P < 0.001). Of the 23 CA categories, excluding CHD-related categories, in offspring, maternal PGDM was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAs in 21 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.57 (for hypospadias, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) to 18.18 (for holoprosencephaly, 95% CI 4.03 to 82.06). Maternal GDM was associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of CAs in 9 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.14 (for limb reduction, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) to 5.70 (for heterotaxia, 95% CI 1.09 to 29.92). The main limitation of our analysis is that some high significant heterogeneity still persisted in both subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions In this study, we observed an increased rate of CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and noted the differences for PGDM versus GDM. The RRs of overall CAs and CHDs in offspring of women with PGDM were higher than those in offspring of women with GDM. Screening for diabetes in pregnant women may enable better glycemic control, and may enable identification of offspring at risk for CAs., Author(s): Tie-Ning Zhang 1,2,3, Xin-Mei Huang 4, Xin-Yi Zhao 1,2,3, Wei Wang 3, Ri Wen 3, Shan-Yan Gao 1,2,* Introduction Currently, the global prevalence of diabetes is increasing among women [...]

To solve the problem of low precision control in high speed motion robots due to a time-varying payload and to improve the identification accuracy of the payload, the dynamical parameter identification methods for robot end payload were studied. These methods included the parameter difference method, the moment method, and the global parameter identification method. The parameters were used to improve the dynamic precision in robot dynamic control. The dynamical parameters for different payloads can be identified with the Lagrange dynamic linear identification model, which acquires real-time data using the optimal incentive path and solves the equations by using the least square weight algorithm after the sample data was processed with a low-pass filter and central difference processes. The feasibility of the method was verified by experiments.