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The article examines the level of development of basic physical qualities (speed, strength, endurance) in cadets of higher military educational institutions before and after field trainings, depending on the year of study and duration of field trainings. Cadets (male) of the Military Institute of Tank Troops of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (n=327) of different years of studying took part in the research. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 during field trainings, which were carried out in the autumn and spring periods (September-October, April-May). Research methods: analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical observation, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The level of cadets’ physical fitness was determined by exercises that characterize the development of physical qualities: speed – 100 m running, strength – pull-ups on the crossbar, endurance – 3 km running. The assessment was carried out in accordance with the standards defined in the Provisional Guidelines for Physical Training in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It was found that the level of development of all physical qualities of cadets of all years of studying deteriorates during field trainings. The worst level among physical qualities after the return of cadets from field trainings was recorded in the indicators of endurance development. At the same time, the longer the duration of the field trainings, the more the level of physical fitness of the cadets deteriorates. The most pronounced deterioration in the level of development of physical qualities was found in junior year cadets. The obtained results indicate the need to improve the organization and methodology of conducting physical training with cadets during field trainings, which will contribute to maintaining the level of their physical fitness at the appropriate level.

The emergence of new means of attack, reconnaissance and methods of sabotage imposes special requirements on the technical means of protecting important state facilities (ISF). Modern trends in the construction of ISF physical protection systems are the integration of engineering barriers, perimeter signaling and detection tools. Detection tools should provide covert receipt of information about the approach of the intruder in "distant" intrigues. To do this, it is possible to use technical means built on the principle of semi-active bistatic radar with an external illumination source. However, in order to identify intruders in the ISF protection zone, it is necessary to have a priori information about the radar visibility of the combined location objects. The combined object is typically a complex object having both metallic and dielectric elements. To this end, a technique has been developed for estimating the radar cross-section (RCS) of combined objects in the field of external illumination. The electromagnetic field (EMF) scattered by a combined object in the meter and decimeter wavelength ranges is calculated as a coherent sum of fields, taking into account their phase, scattered by its metal and dielectric elements. This made it possible to take into account the electromagnetic interaction of the elements of the combined object. The method of integral equations (IE) was used to find the current density and magnetic field strength. The scatter diagrams of the person-intruder, the person-intruder in personal armor protection (PAP) under different conditions of irradiation and reception and illumination frequencies are obtained and analyzed. This made it possible to evaluate the effect of metallic elements on the scatter diagram of the combined object. The obtained a priori information is of significant practical importance at the stage of optimizing signal processing algorithms and designing new means of covert detection

Exercise should ensure the formation of a sufficient level of indicators of the functional status of servicemen. Reducing the hours of training in the discipline “Physical Education and Special Physical Training” for cadets of higher education leads to a deterioration of their performance not only physical fitness but also functional status. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of reducing the time of physical exercises on the indicators of the functional state of university cadets. To achieve this goal we used a set of scientific research methods, namely: general scientific (analysis of scientific and methodological literature), pedagogical (testing), medical and biological (pulsometry, dynamometry, anthropometry, spirometry, spirography, bicycle ergometry), methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 72 cadets, evenly divided into two groups, those who studied under the program with four hours of physical education (group 1; n = 36) and graduates who studied at the university under the program – 2 hours of physical education training (group 2; n = 36). Testing was conducted during the annual medical examination of cadets. In total, more than 65 sources of information were analyzed, followed by a final review and 21 sources of literature, including 4 foreign authors, the material of which was processed using general scientific methods. Results. During the study we found that graduates of group 1, both at rest and in the process of exercise and recovery after exercise, the functional state of the body in terms of significantly better than graduates of group 2 (p

BACKGROUND: Selective craniocerebral hypothermia, used in the acute period of brain damage, ensures the development of positive clinical effects (rapid and persistent reduction of neurological deficit, increased consciousness, and maintenance of normothermy in feverish patients). The safety and efficacy of craniocerebral hypothermia in the acute period of cerebrovascular lesions prompted the use of craniocerebral cooling in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. For this category of patients, the craniocerebral hypothermia technique has been developed, which requires careful study including its effect on overall metabolism. AIMS: To determine the nature of the metabolic response to craniocerebral hypothermia procedures in patients in a vegetative state and minimal conscious state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot study was conducted from February 3, 2021 until March 3, 2022. This study included 34 patients who were in a state of chronic disorders of consciousness, CRS-R score of 8 (vegetative state and minimally conscious state), after severe brain damage (stroke, 25; brain injury, 5; anoxic brain injuries, 4). Hypothermia was induced using the ATG-01 device, lowering the temperature of the scalp to 47C with a cooling procedure lasting for 120 min. The indirect calorimetry method was conducted before cooling and after 105 min of the craniocerebral hypothermia session. Statistical analysis was performed using the program StatTech v. 2.6.5 (StarTech LLC, Russia). RESULTS: Craniocerebral cooling provided a decrease in the temperature of the frontal cortex of the large hemispheres already after 30 min from 36.4C to 34.90.41C in the left hemisphere and 34.70.47C in the right hemisphere. By the 120th minute, the temperature in the left hemisphere reached 34.00.40C, and that in the right hemisphere reached 33.30.51C, decreasing by 2.4C and 3.1C, respectively. Subsequently, 30 min after the completion of craniocerebral hypothermia, the brain temperature remained lowered by 0.7C. Changes in the level of metabolism under the influence of craniocerebral hypothermia were of a multidirectional nature. In 24 patients (70.59%), the resting energy expenditure (REE) index increased to varying degrees by the end of the cooling procedure, and in 10 participants, it decreased. A significant spread of data allowed only a descriptive analysis of the results obtained during a 120-min craniocerebral hypothermia session. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic disorders of consciousness are largely associated with severe damage of the cerebral cortex. It can be assumed that in patients who reacted with a decrease in REE to the induction of hypothermia, at least metabolic activity in the intact parts of the cerebral cortex was preserved to a certain extent, which may indicate some level of rehabilitation potential. The lack of expression of the reactions of the general metabolism to craniocerebral cooling may be due to the fact that the severe damage to the cerebral cortex excluded the selectivity of hypothermic exposure.

Introduction. The culture of choosing a profession determines the direction of the translation of the meanings of personality development in the system of socially and personified-oriented relations, guaranteeing to an individual the timeliness of inclusion in professional and labor relations and its sustainable development. Theorizing the professional and labor development of an individual and technologization of its development as a professional indicates the direction of modeling and substantiates the integrity of the timely and correct clarification of the individual’s career in the system of continuous education.Problem statement. The article reveals the basic concepts and models associated with the process and result of theorizing the quality of the ideas of the culture of choosing a profession.Methodology of the study. Particular attention is paid to the integrative characteristics and procedural products of theorizing the ideas of the culture of choosing a profession and career of an individual in the system of lifelong education. Results. The definitions and models of the relationship between the culture of choosing a profession and a career of an individual in the system of continuous education are highlighted. The functions, principles, methods, technologies for implementing the ideas of age-appropriate development of the personality in the context of integrating the ideas of the culture of individual’s choosing a profession and a career in the system of continuous education are clarified. The pedagogical conditions for ensuring the quality of integration of the ideas of the culture of individual’s choosing a profession and a career in the system of continuous education are theorized. The possibilities of modeling technologies for implementing the ideas of age-appropriate development of the personality in the context of integrating the ideas of the individual’s culture of choosing a profession and a career in the system of continuous education are substantiated and modified.Conclusion. The prospects for theorization and implementation of the ideas of the culture of choosing a profession and a career of an individual in the system of continuous education are determined in the unification of resources for measuring the quality of the age-appropriate development of the individual, the possibilities of humanistically appropriate environments that create conditions for the optimal individual’s development in the system of continuous education, the material, technical and innovative-activity base of the organized activities.

The aggressive SARS-CoV-2 virus mainly infects the lungs, most patients with asthma have an increased risk of infection and are likely to have a potentially more severe course of COVID-19.Materials and methods. We used various full-text and abstract databases.Patients with asthma and concomitant allergic rhinitis are among the most costly patients. The shared immunologic pathogenesis are nasal bronchial reflex, allergen sensitization, and epidemiologic studies that link asthma and allergy. There is an interrelatedness of the upper and lower airway function, the link operating directionally from the sinuses to the lungs. In addition, there is a co-occurrence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in the population. Furthermore, both conditions respond to similar treatments, including antihistamine-containing therapies that may ameliorate allergic rhinitis and also potentially help alleviate asthma symptoms.An important problem for practitioners is that patients with bronchoobstruction and allergy syndrome are often afraid of the risk of seeking medical attention during a COVID-19 pandemic and may confuse allergic symptoms with symptoms of coronavirus infection.The U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention has identified algorithms for providing non-COVID-19 care during a pandemic: to quickly detect and respond to an increase in COVID-19 cases among patients with asthma; provide assistance in the safest way; keep in mind that services may need to be gradually expanded.A rapid systematic review was undertaken to inform this scientific brief. The review set out to assess the available peer-reviewed literature regarding whether PWA are at increased risk of infection with the virus that causes COVID-19, and/or of experiencing complications or death.

According to various data, sports traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to 20% of all injuries in athletes, and the number of cases of traumatization is progressively increasing year by year due to an increase in the number of people involved in sports, the growing popularity of extreme and contact sports, as well as a high level of motivation to achieve record results. The structure of sports TBI is dominated by mild TBI, which can provoke the development of a very wide range of complications and negative consequences that affect not only the result, but, most importantly, the quality of life of athletes. The pathogenesis of mild TBI has been studied, therapy and rehabilitation programs have been developed. At the same time, the features of sports TBI that significantly distinguish it from domestic, road or criminal injuries are not sufficiently taken into account: repeated frequent TBI, increased body and brain temperature, peripheral redistribution of blood flow and hypocapnia associated with physical exertion and significantly affecting cerebral blood flow. An athlete receives a TBI during the most vulnerable period for the brain. To a large extent, these features are associated with the high incidence of various kinds of neurological complications of sports TBI (cognitive disorders, memory impairment, sleep disorders, migraines, etc.). Special techniques that can prevent complications of sports TBI have not been developed. Brain injury is an independent cause of the development of cerebral hyperthermia, which significantly worsens the course and consequences of TBI. The well-known technology of craniocerebral hypothermia (CCG) allows to reduce physical general and cerebral hyperthermia, to increase the resistance of neurons of the cerebral cortex to hypoxia and trauma. However, this technology is used sporadically, which, apparently, is due to the lack of awareness of coaches and doctors of sports teams specializing in sports medicine and rehabilitation. The purpose of the review is to analyze the features of the action of selective hypothermia of the cerebral cortex, used to prevent complications of mild sports TBI.

Currently, there are high requirements for finished rubber products, in particular, for products that are operated in the Far North. The purpose of this work is to determine the optimal conditions for the production of nitrile butadiene rubbers, which provide an increase in the frost resistance of materials based on them while maintaining a high level of physical, mechanical and operational properties. The paper presents polymerization recipes and synthesis conditions. It was found that the fractional addition of acrylic acid nitrile and molecular weight regulator provide optimal conditions for obtaining synthetic rubber with the desired characteristics. The results of testing prototypes for chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties comply with the technical specifications for rubbers of the SKN-SNT brand. Rubbers and vulcanizates SKN 20SNT are the most promising for the creation of frost-oil-resistant products. Physical and mechanical tests have shown that the vulcanizate of the SKN 15SNT sample obtained under optimal synthesis conditions has a tensile strength of 22.7 MPa, an elongation at break of 485%, and a frost resistance coefficient of 0.84. It was also found that the vulcanizate of the SKN 20SNT sample, obtained under optimal synthesis conditions, has a tensile strength of 24.0 MPa, an elongation at break of 478%, and a frost resistance coefficient of 0.61. An increase in the oil and petrol resistance of frost-resistant rubbers and SKN 15SNT vulcanizates can be realized by controlled crosslinking of rubber polymer chains at the polymerization stage. The continuation of this work will be extended tests of prototypes SKN 15SNT and SKN 20SNT in order to determine such indicators as glass transition temperature, average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, degree of polydispersity, gel content, compositional uniformity, etc.

Аbstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of the immune response in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) sensitized to house dust mites. Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with AR aged 20-60 years. According to the level of total IgE (IgE > 100 kU/L), patients were divided into two groups with IgE-dependent and IgE-independent form of AR. All patients were tested for CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD16+56, CD4+CD25+ and cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, IFN-γ. Evaluation of cytokine synthesis was performed in vivo and in vitro. Results of the research. According to our data, both in patients with IgE-dependent and in patients with IgE-independent form of AR was found an increase in the number of CD3+CD4+ T-lymphocyte helpers only in percentage values. However, no significant differences in T-lymphocyte helpers counts between the two groups of patients with different forms of AR were found. Decreases in B-lymphocyte counts were observed only in patients with IgE-dependent AR. Significant differences in the number of NK cells between the group of people with IgE-dependent and IgEindependent form of AR were also not detected. A decrease in the number of T-regulatory lymphocytes was found only in the group of people with IgE-dependent form of AR. Patients with IgE-dependent form of AR were characterized by a decrease in the level of T-lymphocytes helpers I type (Th1) cytokines IL-2 and γ-IFN, an increase in the level of T-lymphocytes helpers II type (Th2) cytokines — IL4, IL-5 and IL-13, and a decrease cytokines by T regulatory cells — IL-10 and TGF-β. At the same time, a probable decrease in the level of the suppressive cytokine IL-10 was found in comparison with the group of patients with IgE-independent form of AR. Patients with the IgE-independent form were characterized by only elevated IL-13 levels. In vitro studies have shown that in patients with IgE-dependent form, the development of allergic inflammation occurs with the participation of Th2 lymphocyte response, which was reflected in significantly increased levels of expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, and decreased IL synthesis — 2, IFN-γ. Increased synthesis of these cytokines was due to a decrease in the number of T-regulatory lymphocytes, which was reflected in a decrease in the synthesis of both IL-10 and TGF-β. In patients with IgE-independent form of AR, such a clear response of Th2 and T-regulatory lymphocytes was not observed, which may indicate the activation of other pathogenetic pathways and the involvement of other immunocompetent cells and cytokines in the immune response to the allergen. Conclusions. Thus, our results show that the development of allergic inflammation in the group of patients with IgE-dependent and IgEindependent forms of AR with sensitization to house dust mites can occur in different ways. The obtained results require further research, which may further be a basic for development of new approaches to treatment and evaluation of the effectiveness of AR treatment.

Problem solving is a fundamental skill that chemistry graduates should possess, yet many students have difficulties solving problems in chemistry. These difficulties may be either student- or instructor-driven. Instructor-related difficulties could stem from some teaching practices, such as expecting students to apply procedures without requiring them to show their reasoning or solely focusing on worked examples. Such practices could inhibit the development of problem-solving skills. To address these challenges, our group developed a metacognitive scaffold (Goldilocks Help) to support both students and instructors through structured problem solving. This scaffold breaks down the problem-solving process into phases and places emphasis on reasoning required throughout that process. This study explored how teaching associates (TAs) used the problem-solving scaffold and how this practice affected their teaching and perceptions of student learning. Seven TAs based at a large research-intensive Australian university were interviewed, and the data were analysed using the framework approach. Teaching with the problem-solving scaffold was found to be beneficial, albeit with initial student resistance. The scaffold provided a common thinking structure between the TAs and students, enabling TAs to easily identify mistakes and address specific areas of concern. However, TAs also experienced students’ attention shift from content to the scaffold. Initially, many students unproductively viewed the process as requiring two separate actions of solving the problem and being explicit about the problem-solving process they used, as opposed to an integrated activity. Through constant reinforcement and prompting by TAs during and prior to solving the problem, students continued to grasp how to effectively internalise the scaffold to assist their problem solving. Understanding how TAs use problem-solving scaffolds with students will add to the field of education research to inform innovations in supporting the development of students’ problem-solving skills.

Bacterial adhesion to human epithelia via lectins constitutes a therapeutic opportunity to prevent infection. Specifically, BambL (the lectin from Burkholderia ambifaria) is implicated in cystic fibrosis, where lectin-mediated bacterial adhesion to fucosylated lung epithelia is suspected to play an important role. We employed structure-based virtual screening to identify inhibitors of BambL-saccharide interaction with potential therapeutic value. To enable such discovery, a virtual screening protocol was iteratively developed via 194 retrospective screening protocols against 4 bacterial lectins (BambL, BC2L-A, FimH, and LecA) with known ligands. Specific attention was given to the rigorous evaluation of retrospective screening, including calculation of analytical errors for enrichment metrics. The developed virtual screening workflow used crystallographic constraints, pharmacophore filters, and a final manual selection step. The protocol was applied to BambL, predicting 15 active compounds from virtual libraries of approximately 7 million compounds. Experimental validation using fluorescence polarization confirmed micromolar inhibitory activity for two compounds, which were further characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance. Subsequent testing against LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated binding specificity of one of the hit compounds. This report demonstrates the utility of virtual screening protocols, integrating ligand-based pharmacophore filtering and structure-based constraints, in the search for bacterial lectin inhibitors.