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Topography is one of the important factors influencing the distribution of rural settlements, as the natural environment in plateau-mountain areas is more complicated and harsher and the forces of various natural influences are more obvious. Analyzing the correlation between settlement distribution and topography would help understand the influence of topography on human activities. This paper takes rural settlements in Yunnan Province as the research object, introduces the concept of the distribution index, and integrates the methods of GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics to analyze the correlation between them. The results show that (1) the distribution pattern of rural settlements in Yunnan Province is dense in the northeast, sparse in the northwest, dense in the middle, and sparse in the south; the overall pattern shows low density, fragmentation, and a dotted distribution of high-value areas, showing three typical core areas with very obvious spatial differentiation. (2) The distribution of rural settlements is influenced by three key topographic factors: Relief amplitude, incision depth, and surface roughness. The dispersion index of rural settlements drastically declines as the value rises. (3) Each topographic factor influences the natural resources and climatic characteristics of the region, and by coupling them with the production and life of the rural settlements and the psychological needs of the inhabitants, they form an intrinsic mechanism that influences the distribution of rural settlements. (4) Topography is an important factor when developing and constructing in plateau-mountain areas. The environmental protection and construction of human settlements should be in accordance with nature and adapted to the terrain, which can reduce the damage to the natural environment. The study provides effective data support for quantifying the relationship between the distribution of rural settlements and topography in the plateau-mountain area and optimizing the layout of rural settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male sex-linked Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have been widely used in forensic cases and population genetics research. At present, the forensic-related Y-STR data in the Chinese Lahu population are still poorly understood. To enrich the available Y-STR data of this Chinese minority population and investigate its phylogenetic relationships with other reported populations. The genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-STR loci were analysed in 299 unrelated healthy Lahu male individuals from Southwest China. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by multidimensional scaling analysis and neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree construction. A total of 379 alleles were observed at the 41 Y-STR loci. The allele frequencies ranged from 0.0033 to 0.9666. The genetic diversity values ranged from 0.0653 to 0.9072. A total of 254 different haplotypes of the 41 Y-STR loci were observed in 299 individuals. The values of haplotype diversity, haplotype match probability, and discrimination capacity were 0.9987, 0.0047, and 0.8495, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Lahu population showed a close genetic relationship with the Yunnan Yi population. The haplotype data of the present study can enrich the forensic databases of this Chinese minority population and will be useful for population genetics and forensic DNA application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence and intensification of transcontinental exchange during both the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age profoundly influenced the social history of Eurasia. While scholars have intensively discussed east-west long-distance communication along the proto-Silk Road, the north-south transport networks that connected China to South and Southeast Asia during the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age have attracted much less attention in the scholarly literature based on archeological science data. In this paper, we find new radiocarbon dates from 11 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in northwestern and central Yunnan in Southwest China, a key entrance into South and Southeast Asia from China. Combined with previously published archeological records and radiocarbon dates, we attempt to disentangle and understand the timing and routes of the networks linking China to South and Southeast Asia during the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age. We propose three north-south land routes that played essential roles in the cultural exchanges in addition to the proto-Silk Road and maritime routes. This includes the trans-Himalayan routes, trans-Hengduan Mountain routes, and the trans-Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau routes. The north-south exchange between China and South and Southeast Asia probably emerged in the fifth millennium BP (before the present) mainly through a low-frequency trans-Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and trans-Himalayan routes. The exchange frequency significantly increased after the fourth millennium BP, with the synchronous development of the three primary north-south passageways. Trans-Hengduan routes might have been the most crucial artery connecting China and South and Southeast Asia during 3000–2200 BP, but more archeological records are needed to understand the detailed evolution of these transport networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of eliminating absolute poverty is inevitable for China's social and economic transformation. However, there are currently few studies on the relationship between land use transformation (LUT) and rural income under different stages of poverty governance. This study, therefore, uses spatial autocorrelation analysis and a multiscale geographic weighted regression (MGWR) model to explore the mechanisms of LUT on rural income and its spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Yunnan Province during the comprehensive poverty alleviation (CPA) period and the targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) period at the county scale. The results demonstrate that: (1) the numbers of both low-income and high-income counties continued to decrease, while the number of middle-high-income counties increased, and rural income demonstrated a positive spatial correlation. (2) Most of the variables in the dominant recessive increased in the CPA and decreased in the TPA period. As for recessive morphology, the ecological function variables decreased first and then increased. (3) The driving force of dominant morphology is strong and sustained, and the driving force of recessive morphology is gradually enhanced. The results are vital for consolidating the results of poverty eradication and bridging rural revitalization. They may also provide useful references for sustainable land use and effective poverty alleviation in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China is implementing a pilot project to reform the property rights of farmland water facilities to solve the serious problems of chaotic end-of-pipe governance and inefficient irrigation from farmers. Based on microscopic research data of farm households in a typical pilot in Lu Liang County, Yunnan Province, in China, this study uses the Tobit model, and SEM was used to explore the impact of property rights reform on the irrigation efficiency of farmers and the potential mechanism paths. We further analyzed the differences in governance logic and irrigation efficiency between the two property rights models of "multiple cooperative governance" and "private contract governance" formed after the reform. The findings are as follows: (1) Compared with nonreformed areas, reformed areas have a higher promotion of adoption of water-saving technologies and a better quality of facility maintenance, which significantly contributes to irrigation efficiency, but farmers' perception of water scarcity negatively affects irrigation efficiency; (2) there are differences between the "multiple cooperative governance model" and "private contract governance model" in terms of the mechanism paths to improve irrigation efficiency, resulting in different focuses between the two models, in which the former one has better irrigation efficiency while cutting off some of the farmers' benefits and the latter benefits more farmers while losing some of the irrigation efficiency. Finally, this study recommends that China should continue to promote the reform of farmland water property rights while focusing on promoting water conservation technologies, improving the quality of facility maintenance and facility water supply capacity, enhancing farmers' awareness of water scarcity, and implementing a more water-efficient "multiple cooperative governance model". The results of this study provide a model with Chinese characteristics for developing property rights policies and governance models for farmland water facilities in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the difficulty of obtaining data from few radiation sites and the low applicability of existing surface radiation estimation models in Yunnan Province, a high-precision solar radiation estimation model suitable for Yunnan Province needs to be explored. A multi-factor comprehensive estimation model(MFCE) applicable to Yunnan Province was constructed by using meteorological and remote sensing data to screen out 7 factors such as altitude and sunshine percentage, and the accuracy of parameters and calculation results in the model were calculated month by month. The correlation coefficients of the MFCE model were above 0. 7 for each month, which increase 0. 3 on average compared with other models. The root mean square error distribution is between 16. 21 and 33. 73 MJ/ m², which decrease compared with other models. The estimation results and accuracy of the MFCE model are greatly improved compared with the traditional models, and the proposed model provides help and scientific basis for the study of solar radiation in Yunnan Province and the rational use of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wood-inhabiting fungi play an integral role in wood degradation and the cycle of matter in the ecological system. They are considered as the "key player" in wood decomposition, because of their ability to produce all kinds of enzymes that break down woody lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. In the present study, three new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum fissurutum, S. punctatum and S. subtropicum spp. nov., collected from southern China, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Steccherinum fissurutum is characterized by the resupinate, subceraceous basidiomata with cracked hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and cylindrical basidiospores; S. punctatum is characterized by the annual, punctate basidiomata with leathery hymenophore, cylindrical, strongly encrusted cystidia and ellipsoid basidiospores (3.6--4.5 x2.6--3.4 µm); S. subtropicum is characterized by its effuse-reflexed basidiomata, a odontioid hymenophore with pink to lilac hymenial surface and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as (2.8--3.4 x 2.0--2.7 µm). Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis of the family Steccherinaceae indicated that the three new species clustered into the genus Steccherinum. Based on further analysis of ITS+nLSU dataset, the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that S. subtropicum was sister to S. enuispinum; S. fissurutum formed a monophyletic lineage; S. punctatum grouped with a clade comprised S. straminellum and S. ciliolatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the CASA model, NPP of vegetation in Yunnan province from 1982 to 2019 was simulated. The spatio-temporal variation characteristics of ecological vulnerability were analyzed according to the IPCC vulnerability framework, and the impacts of drought on ecological vulnerability were discussed in combination with the standardized evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results showed that in the past 38 years, the overall ecological vulnerability of the study area fluctuated and increased, and and the area proportion of extremely vulnerable area increased by 2.7% by 2.7%. The spatial distribution of ecological vulnerability was significantly different, mainly in mild and moderate vulnerable areas (85%). Severe and extremely vulnerable areas were less, mainly distributed in Hengduan mountain area and alpine canyon area. In most areas (53%), the ecological vulnerability was positively correlated with drought, and the ecological vulnerability increased with the increase of drought level. The areas with a significant positive correlation (15%) were mainly concentrated in the Hengduan mountain area and the alpine vegetation area, which were significantly affected by drought. With the increase of drought frequency, the proportion of mild and moderate vulnerable areas increased significantly. The ecological vulnerability of tropical forest vegetation was the highest on the whole, but it was not significantly affected by the persistence of drought. Persistent drought has a significant impact on the ecological vulnerability of subtropical forests, shrubs, grasslands and alpine vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytic fungi live in inter-cellular spaces of healthy plant tissues without causing any apparent symptoms of diseases for the host plant. Some fungal endophytes help their plant hosts to survive under biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we collected healthy mango leaves at the Honghe mango plantations (Yunnan Province) in the winter. A total of 34 different fungal endophytic strains were isolated, and their phylogenetic placements were estimated based on the ITS gene. Members of genus Chaetomium were the dominant fungal endophytes (26%). Common bacterial plant pathogens (Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae) and fungal plant pathogens (Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum) were selected to test the antagonism of the fungal endophytes isolated from mango leaves through co-cultivation in vitro assay. Three strains of Chaetomium sp. viz. KUNCC22-0749, UNCC22-10750, and KUNCC22-10752 showed great inhibition against two bacterial pathogens viz. Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae, and Alternaria sp. KUNCC22-10760, Chaetomium sp. KUNCC22-10749, Daldinia sp. KUNCC22-10744, and Rosellinia sp. KUNCC22-10751 also showed great to moderate antagonistic effects against two fungal pathogens viz. Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel tick‐borne virus first identified from Jingmen city, Hubei Province of China in 2010. It has been proved that JMTV can cause human diseases and is widely distributed both inside and outside of China. However, the survival mode and transmission characteristics of JMTV still need further research, particularly in terms of transovarial transmission. In this study, an investigation was conducted to explore the presence of JMTV from engorged female ticks to their offspring. All engorged female adult ticks were collected from domestic cattle and allowed to lay eggs in appropriate humidity and temperature conditions. Maternal ticks, eggs and larvae were screened for JMTV RNA through real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and nested PCR methods. The results revealed the positive rate of 10.53% (10/95) in engorged ticks, 9.09% (2/22) in eggs and 8% (4/50) in larvae pools, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that sequences from eggs and larvae had closer relationship with those isolates from maternal engorged ticks with more than 99.7% homology and JMTV manifested with evolutional conservatism. Our study has identified for the first time that JMTV could be transmitted from mother generation to offspring of Haemaphysalis Longicornis. Nonetheless, the efficiency of transovarial transmission in JMTV and the significance of ticks as amplification hosts still need to be further illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In efforts to improve regional ecosystem service functions, coordinate land development and ecological conservation, and establish a reference for optimizing land resource allocation and policy formulation to cope with climate change, it is critical to investigate the spatial distribution of land use/cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem services (ESs) under future climate change. This study proposes a framework based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP), integrating the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model to analyze the spatial agglomeration of ESs, to analyze the importance of each driving factors. The results of the study show as follows: (1) the combination of CMIP6 and PLUS models can effectively simulate land use with an overall accuracy of 0.9379. (2) In spatial correlation, ESs show good clustering in all three future scenarios, with similar distribution of cold hotspots in the SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios. Hotspots are more dispersed and cold spots are shifted to the west in the SSP585 scenario. (3) GDP is an important factor in carbon storage and habitat quality, and precipitation has a greater impact on soil retention and water production. Overall, ESs can be increased by appropriately controlling population and economic development, balancing economic development and ecological protection, promoting energy transition, maintaining ecological hotspot areas, and improving cold spot areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of dengue fever in Mengla County and provide basis for scientific prevention and control of dengue fever.MethodsWe collected the case information of dengue fever in Mengla County reported by the infectious disease reporting information system of China Center for Disease Control and prevention from January 1 to December 31， 2019 and the case field investigation records. The case data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.ResultsIn 2019， Mengla County reported 369 cases of dengue fever， all of which were unclassified， including 354 clinically diagnosed cases， 15 confirmed cases， 6 severe cases， and there was no deaths. The annual incidence rate was 120.98/105. Mengla Town had the most cases （145 cases， 39.30%） followed by 63 cases （17.07%） in Mengpeng Town. The reported cases were mainly local cases （65.85%）. The ratio of male to female was 1.25∶1. The age distribution was mainly in the group of 21‒60 years old （82.38%）. Farmers （112 cases， 30.35%） and business service providers （85 cases， 23.04%） were the majority. The annual cases were distributed from May to November， of which the most were reported in September， and the number of cases reported from July to October accounts for 93.22% of all cases.ConclusionMengla County is still a high incidence area of dengue fever in Yunnan Province， and the vector Aedes is widespread. It is suggested to strengthen mosquito prevention and control in the epidemic season， actively carry out patriotic health campaign， carry out special rectification of the environment in rural areas， and conduct effective public education.

Abstract Background Bats were identified as a natural reservoir of emerging and re-emerging infectious pathogens threatening human health and life. Methods This study collected 21 fecal samples of Hipposideros armiger in Mengla County of Xishuangbanna Prefecture Yunnan Province to combine one pool for viral metagenomic sequencing. Results Two nearly complete genomes of parechoviruses, BPeV11 and BPeV20, were sequenced. Genome analysis revealed that BPeV11 and BPeV20 follow a 3-3-4 genome layout: 5′ UTR-VP0-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3′ UTR. The prevalence of BPev11 and BPev20 by Nested-PCR showed that 1 of 21 fecal samples was positive. Based on amino acid identity comparison and phylogenetic analysis of P1, 2C, and 3D, BPeV11 and BPeV20 were closely related to but distinct from FPeVs. Conclusion It was probably proposed to be a novel species in the genus Parechovirus of the family Picornaviridae. The isolation of BPev11 and BPev20 from H. armiger in China is the first complete genome of parechovirus isolations from bat feces of the genus Hipposideros.

Production-living-ecological space (PLES) reflects the main function of land use types. It is one of the main directions that many scholars researched to evaluate, predict, and optimize the land space from the perspective of PLES. Yunnan Province is affected by such factors as economy, topography, and natural environment. The conflict of PLES is serious, and the problems of spatial planning development are prominent. This study aims at the current status of PLES, based on the establishment of restrictive constraints such as ecological red line, arable land minimum, and natural reserves. Meanwhile, these constraints were combined with the development planning of the Yunnan Province to forecast the quantitative structure change in the PLES in Yunnan Province in 2035 and 2050, coupling Markov and PLUS models to optimize the future space layout. This study can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of land space in Yunnan Province and other areas. The prediction accuracy of the Markov–PLUS model is 98.55%, which can be effectively used to simulate and predict the distribution of PLES in Yunnan in 2035 and 2050. From 2010 to 2015, the disordered layout of PLES in the Yunnan Province was obvious, and the ecological space (ES) seriously occupied the production space (PS) and living space (LS). In 2035 and 2050, the industrial production space (IPS) of Yunnan Province expands and presents distinct regional aggregation. LS and the water ecological space (WES) areas have increased. The layout of PLES in 2035 and 2050 of Yunnan Province mainly centers on PS. The orderly development of IPS promotes the regional economic growth, ensures that the agricultural production space (APS) will not be damaged and allocates the ES reasonably. It will also promote the overall optimization and coordinated development of PLES in Yunnan Province.

This paper examines how China has conducted its diplomacy with Myanmar through the efforts of the Chinese central government and the local government of Yunnan Province, which borders Myanmar. China has defined Myanmar as a country of strategic importance in the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and is deepening its economic cooperation with Myanmar. China’s most important project in Myanmar is the oil and gas pipelines from ports in Myanmar to Yunnan Province. The construction of the energy pipelines was drafted and proposed by Yunnan Province and was submitted to the State Council. Due to the strong support of the state-owned enterprise, the proposal was adopted as a national project within two years since its proposal. In addition, Yunnan continued to propose to the central government for the construction of a Border Economic Cooperation Zone. The government of Dehong State in Yunnan proposed the plan to the Yunnan local government. Then, Yunnan continuously proposed it to the State Council. Yunnan could not get the strong support of Chinese major state-owned enterprises and the Myanmar government. It took nearly two decades for the proposal to be approved as one of the national projects by Beijing. In China, local governments can be involved in foreign economic relations within their capacity and responsibility for local socio-economic development. In the context of Beijing’s emphasis on strengthening relations with Southeast Asian countries, there are fair chances that Chinese local government proposals will be directly incorporated into the central government’s strategy.

[Display omitted] • The proposed OPGD–RFE–LGBM coupled model offers clear advantages. • Flood disaster distribution in Yunnan is significantly spatially heterogeneous. • Geomorphological zoning explains 66.1% of the flood disaster spatial variation. • Precipitation-related factors are the most critical drivers of flood disasters. Flood disasters pose serious threats to human life and property worldwide. Exploring the spatial drivers of flood disasters on a macroscopic scale is of great significance for mitigating their impacts. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for integrating driving-factor optimization and interpretability, while considering spatial heterogeneity. In this framework, the Optimal Parameter-based Geographic Detector (OPGD), Recursive Feature Estimation (RFE), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) models were utilized to construct the OPGD–RFE–LGBM coupled model to identify the essential driving factors and simulate the spatial distribution of flood disasters. The SHapley Additive ExPlanation (SHAP) interpreter was employed to quantitatively explain the driving mechanisms behind the spatial distribution of flood disasters. Yunnan Province, a typical mountainous and plateau area in Southwest China, was selected to implement the proposed framework and conduct a case study. For this purpose, a flood disaster inventory of 7332 historical events was prepared, and 22 potential driving factors related to precipitation, surface environment, and human activity were initially selected. Results revealed that flood disasters in Yunnan Province exhibit high spatial heterogeneity, with geomorphic zoning accounting for 66.1% of the spatial variation in historical flood disasters. The OPGD–RFE–LGBM coupled model offers clear advantages over a single LGBM in identifying essential driving factors and quantitatively analyzing their impacts. Moreover, the simulation performance shows a slight improvement (a 6% average decrease in RMSE and an average increase of 1% in R2) even with reduced factor data. Factor explanatory analysis indicated that the combination of the essential driving factor sets varied across different subregions; nevertheless, precipitation-related factors, such as precipitation intensity index (SDII), wet days (R10MM), and 5-day maximum precipitation (RX5day), were the main driving factors controlling flood disasters. This study provides a quantitative analytical framework for the spatial drivers of flood disasters at large scales with significant heterogeneity, offering a reference for disaster management authorities in developing macro-strategies for disaster prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spatial scale effects in ecological vulnerability were considered. • Linear, non-linear, and future persistent changes in ecological vulnerability were revealed. • Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the primary factor affecting ecological vulnerability in Yunnan Province. Ecological vulnerability (EV) assessment is an important means of reflecting the evolutionary process of the local ecological environment, which is crucial for ecological security. The current EV assessment still faces challenges in comprehensively revealing its spatio-temporal change characteristics due to diversity, multi-scale complexity and non-linearity of ecosystems. In this study, we comprehensively revealed the spatio-temporal change features and driver mechanisms of EV in Yunnan Province (YP) using methods such as breaks for additive seasonal and trend (BFAST) and Geodetector. According to the findings, (1) the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) in YP decreased by 0.0265 on the raster scale between 2000 and 2018, and the ecological vulnerability level (EVL) was mainly dominated by level III. At the city scale, EVL in YP was dominated by level IV. At the basin scale, the average EV of the Jinsha River basin was much greater other basins. (2) The linear trend of EV in the YP mainly showed an insignificant decrease, mostly concentrated in the YP's eastern region. The non-linear trend mainly showed a monotonous decrease, with the mutation time concentrated in 2009. The future persistence trend of EV under different coupling modes was dominated by anti-persistence decrease (Sen-MK + Hurst) and anti-persistence monotonous decrease (BFAST + Hurst), with an area percentage of 40.19 % and 25.13 %, respectively. (3) Gross primary productivity was the priority factor influencing YP's EV (q = 0.4137). This study not only enriches the cases of EV assessment studies in the high mountain valley area but also bridges the gap of analysing the multi-spatial scale characteristics and change trends of regional EV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest ecological security is related to national ecological security. Yunnan Province has a significantly stereoscopic climate characterized by diverse and complex vegetation. Therefore, the ecological security of Yunnan Province’s forests, which span multiple climate zones, must be carefully considered. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the forest ecological security situation and influencing factors in Yunnan Province in 2017. Utilizing data from remote sensing, the Yunnan Province Yearbooks, socioeconomic statistical data, and better pressure-state-response modeling, this work produced an index system containing state and societal pressure. The evaluation indicators were weighted using a combination of entropy weighting and expert weighting, using 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province as samples. Using the fuzzy matter-element technique, the forest ecological security situation in Yunnan Province in 2017 was assessed, and the contributing causes were examined. Results indicate that there are spatial distribution differences in ecological security in various regions of Yunnan Province. The regions with the greatest indices of forest ecological security were found in Xishuangbanna in the south and Nujiang and Diqing in the northwest of Yunnan Province, while those areas with the lowest indices were distributed in Qujing and Zhaotong in the northeast and Baoshan in the west. Results of the grey relation analysis show that those factors that influence forest ecological security across different prefectures showed significant diversity. In Yunnan Province, the main influencing factors include days when the air quality reaches Level 2 or higher, the percentage of natural forest acreage and accumulation, the value of forest ecological service function per unit area, the annual average temperature, and forest coverage. The influence of the forest status index was greater than that of the forest pressure index. The findings of this work can guide decisions related to regional forest ecological security construction across multiple climate zones. In view of the differences in ecological security status and influencing factors in different regions, ecological environment governance should be adapted to local conditions to ensure the coordinated development of nature, the economy, and the ecological environment.

Assessing the spatial and quantitative evaluation of water conservation within regional ecosystems holds vital significance for effective regional water resource management, allocation optimization, and enhanced ecological protection. In this study, we focus on Yunnan Province as our research subject and utilize land use data spanning from 2000 to 2018. The InVEST model serves as a key tool for evaluating Yunnan Province’s water conservation capacity over the past two decades. Furthermore, we employ Geographical detectors and ArcGIS 10.2 to delve into the spatial distribution patterns and the impact of both natural environmental and socio-economic factors on changes in water conservation capacity. The research findings reveal a spatial trend in regional water source conservation, characterized by a decreasing gradient from the southwest to the northeast. Over the past two decades, we have observed an initial decline followed by a subsequent increase in regional water source conservation, resulting in an overall upward trajectory. Precipitation displays the strongest correlation among natural environmental factors, indicating a significant influence on water conservation. Additionally, socio-economic data exhibit a noteworthy positive correlation with alterations in water conservation, primarily attributed to urbanization and the expansion of impermeable surfaces like urban construction land, which bolster regional water conservation efforts. This research offers valuable insights that can serve as a foundation for establishing local water source protection measures and ecological compensation mechanisms.

Yunnan is rich in renewable energy resources. An understanding of its energy structure and developmental trajectories would assist in enabling the design of suitable decarbonizing pathways and how to fit into the national 30–60 agenda. Drawing from endogenous growth theory and time series analysis, our study employs comparative functions and scenario assessments to predict the changes in the key economic indicators, such as GDP, industrial structure shifts, population, and urbanization rates, during the low-carbon transition. We further show energy structure patterns and intensity trends using regression-modeling and data-fitting methods. Based on our analyses, we project that by 2035, Yunnan’s GDP will grow to CNY 5.4761 trillion, with secondary and tertiary industries contributing 88.8%. The population is estimated to grow to 52.08 million with an urbanization rate of 70%. Moreover, fossil fuel energy consumption is forecasted to diminish to 38.7%, and energy consumption intensity is projected to be reduced to 0.38 tons of standard coal per CNY 10,000. If these metrics follow the inherent endogenous growth trend, Yunnan’s emissions are forecasted to peak at around 220 million tons of CO2 by 2030. These findings not only provide a data foundation for Yunnan’s low-carbon development goals but also illuminate pathways for regions rich in renewable resources to transition towards sustainable growth, emphasizing the harmony between advancement and environmental stewardship.

AIM: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of pterygium in Zhuang and Miao nationality adults aged 40 and over in Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan Province.METHODS: An epidemiological survey of Zhuang and Miao nationality in Yunnan Province was conducted by using the portable slit-lamp and Keratograph-D eye surface analyzer. The Logistic regression analysis was operated to determine the impact of gender, age, occupation, outdoor activities and nationality on pterygium.RESULTS: Totally 1 239 participants were included from March to November 2019, 437 people had pterygium in one or both eyes, and the total prevalence was 35.27%. Pterygium of both eyes accounted for 59.27% while pterygium of single eye accounted for 40.73%. The prevalence of pterygium was 34.84%(224 people)in Zhuang population and 35.74%(213 people)in Miao population, there was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.740). According to the result of Logistic regression analysis, opening of meibomian is the influencing factor of pterygium(P=0.019), with OR=1.348. Gender, age, education, outdoor activities, hypertension and eating habits were not the influencing factors of pterygium. Logistic regression was used to analyze the invasion degree of pterygium. The results showed that the height of lacrimal river was the influencing factor of pterygium(P=0.048). The lower the lacrimal river height, the greater the degree of invasion.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pterygium in Zhuang and Miao nationality aged 40 and over in Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan Province is high, with no significant difference between the two nationalities. The function of meibomian gland, the quality and quantity of tears are related to pterygium.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial correlation distribution of mushroom poisoning in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2019, and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention strategy.MethodsData of mushroom poisoning incidents from 2005 to 2019 was collected from the China Information System for public health emergency report and management. The epidemiological characteristics of time, place of occurrence, spatial correlation, and types of poisonous mushrooms were described.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2019, Yunnan Province reported a total of 316 events of mushroom poisoning, the number of cases was 2 009, the number of deaths was 472, and the case fatality rate was 23.49%(472/2 009). The peak of poisoning incidents was from June to August each year, accounting for 83.86%(265/316) of the total number of incidents. Mushroom poisoning incidents occurred in all 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. Wenshan, Chuxiong, Lincangy and Honghe were high-incidence areas. Among 129 counties, 91 counties reported mushroom poisoning incidents. Homes were the main place where mushroom poisoning occured, accounting for 84.49%(267/316) of the total number of poisoning incidents. The incidence of mushroom poisoning in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, accounting for 87.97%(278/316). Picking and eating by mistake (78.80%, 249/316) was the main cause of poisonous mushroom poisoning. The main types of poisoning were Amanita exitialis (27.53%, 87/316), Russula subnigricans Hongo (17.09%, 54/316) and Heimioporus retisporus (13.29%, 42/316).ConclusionMushroom poisoning was the main cause of death from food poisoning incidents in Yunnan Province. In the "hot spot" areas where mushroom poisoning incidents occurred, prior to the high-incidence season, various forms of food safety and health education and food safety supervision of mushroom poisoning should be focused on rural areas and high risk mushroom species. Meantime, the ability of rural primary medical institutions should be improved to treat poisonous mushroom poisoning.

In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of Rhodoprasina callantha Jordan, 1929. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R. callantha was 15,343 bp in size and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA) and one control region (CR). The nucleotide composition of mitogenome was highly biased to A and T. Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with the standard start codon of ATN and terminate with the typical stop codon TAA/TAG. The phylogeny of Sphingidae based on nucleotide sequences of PCGs recovered the monophyly of subfamilies of Sphingidae with high support values. Langinae was the first subfamily diverged in Sphingidae, which was in accordance with previous study. R. callantha was the member of subfamily Smerinthinae, and closely related to the genus Marumba.

The Va (also called "Wa") people are an ethnic minority living mainly in the southwest of Yunnan Province This study was conducted to obtain the genetic information and forensic statistical parameters of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFlSTR®Identifiler™ kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) in the Yunnan Va population, with a view to enriching the genetic databases of the Chinese Va population. A total of 508 unrelated Chinese Va individuals were genotyped with this 15 STR kit, the genetic polymorphisms and associated forensic parameters were calculated. The genetic relationships between Chinese Va and 26 other Chinese populations were also evaluated. All of the STR loci reached the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. A total of 159 alleles were observed with allele frequencies ranging from 0.000984 to 0.606299. The combined discrimination power (CDP) and the cumulative probability of excluding (CPE) of the 15 STR loci were 0.999 999 999 999 999 988 126 and 0.999 995 734, respectively. Our results indicated that the geographically adjacent or ethnically close populations showed a higher genetic affinity. The results of this study will enrich the forensic databases of the Chinese Va population and could be applied in forensic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yunnan province of China is a typical humid region but with several severe region-wide droughts. Drought indices are generally used to identify and characterize drought events, and then play a key role in drought prediction. Therefore, a novel prediction model was proposed to predict a comprehensive drought indicator (meteorological composite index, MCI) in Yunnan province. This model combined the recurrent neural networks (RNN) based on a gated recurrent neural unit (GRU) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) with optimization using the modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In this model, pre-processed predictor data were input into the GRU module to extract the time features of the sequences. Furthermore, the feature matrices were input into the CNN module to extract the deep local features and the inter-relationship of the predictors. The model was trained and used to predict the monthly MCI drought index of the representative five stations of Yunnan province from 1960 to 2020. The combined model was evaluated by comparison with traditional machine learning models such as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF), and the traditional GRU model. The results show significantly improved skills in root mean square error, mean absolute error and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. This novel method was valuable for the monthly drought prediction in Yunnan province and related climate-risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The White-eared Night Heron (Gorsachius magnificus) is a poorly known species. Little ecological research has been conducted on this species, and its migration route in particular is poorly understood. Clarification of the migratory routes of this species can enhance our understanding of its distribution and aid its conservation. Here, we identified the wintering and summering sites and characterized the migration route of one White-eared Night Heron by GPS/GSM tracking. Our results indicated that the Nanting River on the China–Myanmar border is the wintering site for this individual, and the Shizhuang River in Nanzhang, Hubei Province, China is the summering site. The heron migrated along the mountains and rested near rivers and reservoirs. This study is the first to reveal the migration route of the White-eared Night Heron. Our findings suggest that this species in Yunnan, Hubei, and Guizhou Provinces is not a resident bird. Generally, these data will aid the conservation of this species, including the development of action plans and the establishment of local nature reserves along its migration route and at wintering, summering, and stopover sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By constructing the analytical framework of "farmland transfer—farmland function—income structure—rural household consumption", based on the sample data of 537 rural households in 50 villages in Yunnan Province of China, this paper uses the OLS model to explore the impact of farmland transfer on rural household consumption and uses an intermediary effect model to further explore its internal transmission mechanism. The research finds that: (1) Farmland transfer (farmland transfer-out or farmland transfer-in) can stimulate rural household consumption. (2) The coefficient of farmland transfer-out to non-food consumption is 0.118, which is greater than its coefficient of food consumption of 0.016; the rural households of farmland transfer-out are more willing to increase non-food consumption expenditure, which is conducive to the optimization of their consumption structure. (3) The coefficient of farmland transfer-in to food consumption is 0.028, which is greater than its coefficient to non-food consumption of 0.009; the rural households of farmland transfer-in are more willing to increase food consumption expenditure, which is not conducive to the optimization of their consumption structure. (4) Rural household consumption expenditure will show a downward trend with the increase in the age of the head of the rural household, and the consumption structure will also show a deterioration. (5) The more family assets rural households have, the stronger their consumption expenditure capacity, which is conducive to optimizing their consumption structure. (6) The results of the intermediary effect model show that farmland transfer affects rural households' consumption and consumption structure by affecting rural households' income under different livelihood modes. Accordingly, the paper puts forward some suggestions on establishing the benefit coordination mechanism of farmland transfer, improving the non-agricultural employment mechanism of the rural surplus labor force, raising the expected return on farmland investment, increasing the proportion of household income saved appropriately and strengthening the social security mechanism in order to further promote the orderly transfer of farmland, improve the consumption capacity and consumption level of rural households, expand rural domestic demand and promote rural consumption upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regional ecosystem health assessments are the basis for the sustainable development of society. However, an ecosystem is a complex integration of ecosystem mosaics and subsystems that influence each other, making it difficult to evaluate them using traditional assessment methods of linear and explicit functions. We introduce a back-propagation neural network model optimized by a genetic algorithm to evaluate ecosystem health in 16 districts in Yunnan Province.Result: (1) The model required fewer inputs to evaluate complex and nonlinear systems, avoided the need for subjective weights, and performed well in this practical application to regional ecosystem health assessment. (2) The ecosystem health in Yunnan Province was increasing, and there was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation during 2000–2020, showing that districts with high Ecosystem Health cluster together and the ecological protection policy of the region has produced a diffusion effect, leading to continuous improvement of the ecological health of the surrounding areas. High-low outlier areas of ecosystem health should be paid more attention, because of the increasing instability of local health levels. Conclusion: This study provides a methodological exploration for assessing spatial mosaics of different ecosystems at a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The stick insect tribe, Medaurini in subfamily Clitumniae, contains 11 genera and 75 known species, with species diversity of this tribe being rich in southeast Asia and China, as is reflected in the Phasmida Species File Online [PSF]. The genus Medaura includes four named species and they are distributed over Bangladesh, Indonesia and India. The discovery of this new species in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture marks the first identification of the genus Medaura in China. New information: The genus Medaura Stål is reported for the first time from China, based on a new species M. aculeiformis Xie & Qian sp. n. and the identification characteristics of species are described and illustrated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the traditional construction of ecological security pattern, the minimum cost path is extracted as the ecological corridor based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the ecological nodes are identified manually. This method lacks the consideration of the exchange process of energy flow and information flow in the ecological process, resulting in a certain lack of ecological security pattern in structure and function. Therefore, an ecological security pattern construction method integrating CVOR-GWLR-Circuit model is proposed to solve the above problems by transforming natural background data into localized correction variables and adding them to the ecological security pattern evaluation model. Taking Yunnan Province as an example, firstly, the ecological security evaluation system of "Contribution, Vigor, Organization, Resilience" (CVOR) is constructed based on the importance of ecosystem services and ecosystem health, and the ecological security of Yunnan Province in 2020 is evaluated, and the ecological source areas are identified combined with nature reserves. Then, the ecological resistance surface was constructed by considering land use data and topographic factors, and the landslide sensitivity evaluation model was constructed based on geographically weighted logistic regression model (GWLR) to correct the basic resistance surface. Finally, the circuit theory model is used to extract the ecological corridor and construct the ecological security pattern in Yunnan Province. The ecological pinch points and barriers in the ecological corridor are diagnosed by the current density, so as to identify the width of the ecological corridor and identify the key areas of ecological protection and restoration. The results showed that the ecological sources area of Yunnan Province was about 69,417.78 km2, accounting for 17.6% of the total area of the study area, mainly distributed in Dehong Prefecture, southwest Yunnan, Diqing Prefecture and Nujiang Prefecture in northwest Yunnan. A total of 780 ecological corridors were generated between the ecological sources, with a total length of about 197,598.2 km, an average length of 253.3 km, and the longest path length of 932.1 km. The ecological corridors are "spider web", linking southwest, northwest, northeast, central and southeast Yunnan Province. 36 ecological pinch points and 42 ecological barriers were identified. The research results verify that the ecological security pattern constructed by integrated CVOR-GWLR-Circuit model is more reasonable, which can provide scientific basis for regional ecological protection planning and ecological corridors design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aboveground biomass (AGB) of a forest is an important indicator of the forest's terrestrial carbon storage and its relation to climate change. Due to the advantage of extensive spatial coverage and low cost, coarse-resolution remote sensing data is the main data source for wall-to-wall mapping of forest AGB at the regional scale. Despite this, improving the accuracy and efficiency of forest AGB estimation is a major challenge. In this study, two optical imageries, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 500 m imagery and Fengyun-3C Visible and Infrared Radiometer (FY-3C VIRR) 1000 m imagery, were used and compared for forest AGB estimation in Yunnan Province, southwest China. One parametric approach, multiple linear regression (MLR), and two nonparametric approaches, k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF), were applied for the two imagery datasets, respectively. We evaluated the performance of the combination of remote sensing data and modeling approaches by comparing the accuracies and also explored the potential of FY-3C imagery data in forest AGB estimation at the regional scale as it was used for this purpose for the first time. We found that the machine learning models KNN and RF provided better results than MLR. From the three approaches for both MODIS and FY-3C imagery, RF performed best with R2 values of 0.84 and 0.81 and RMSE of 23.18 and 23.43, respectively. Estimation of forest AGB based on MODIS was marginally better than the estimation based on FY-3C. FY-3C imagery could therefore be an additional optical remote sensing data source of coarse spatial resolution, comparable to MODIS data which has been widely used for regional forest AGB estimation. Indices related to forest canopy moisture levels from both types of imagery were sensitive to forest AGB. The RF model and MODIS imagery were then applied to map the spatial variation of forest AGB of Yunnan Province. As a result of our study, we determined that Yunnan Province has a total forest AGB of 2123.22 Mt, with a mean value of 58.05 t/ha for forestland in 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science Technology & Industry is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia belonging to the order Rickettsiales are causative agents of tick-borne diseases in humans. During 2021, 434 ticks including Rhipicephalus microplus and R. haemaphysaloides were collected from three sampling sites in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, and analyzed for the presence of these bacteria. Nine bacterial species were identified, including two Rickettsia spp., three Anaplasma spp., and four Ehrlichia spp., some of which are potential human pathogens. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis on 16S rRNA, gltA, groEL, ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes indicated the presence of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) named "Candidatus Rickettsia shennongii" in six of the 38 R. haemaphysaloides ticks from two locations, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture and Honghe City. Another SFGR species, Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis was detected in ticks from all three sites, with an overall positive rate of 62.67%. Three other human pathogenic species, Anaplasma ovis (1.38%, 6/434), Ehrlichia canis (16.36%, 71/434), and E. chaffeensis (0.23%, 1/434) were detected in these ticks and characterized. Moreover, Ehrlichia sp. (4.84%, 21/434), E. minasensis (7.37%, 32/434), A. marginale (6.91%, 30/434), and Cadidatus Anaplasma boleense (1.15%, 5/434) were detected in R. microplus ticks, for which pathogenicity to humans remains to be determined. The results reveal the remarkable diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in ticks from Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The high infection rate of some human pathogenic bacteria in ticks may indicate potential infection risk in humans, and it highlights the need for surveillance in local populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The paper was to explore the spatio-temporal evolution of habitat quality in inland ecosystem. [Methods] Using landscape pattern analysis and InVEST habitat quality model, the land use change, landscape pattern and habitat quality change in Yunnan Province from 1980 to 2020 were studied. [Results] The land use change in Yunnan Province was relatively stable, and the forest land area accounted for 57.2% of the total area. The landscape fragmentation index caused by artificial surface encroachment on ecological land was increased by 6.33%, and the landscape heterogeneity was enhanced to varying degrees. The mean patch area was decreased by 5.83%, the number of patches was increased by 6.29%, and the degree of fragmentation was deepened. The habitat quality in Yunnan Province showed a "high-low-high" distribution from northwest to southeast, and the overall habitat quality was above the average. It is necessary to formulate optimization strategies to improve the regional ecological environment and realize the ecological system protection and rational land use in Yunnan Province. [Conclusions] The results will provide a scientific reference for regional ecological protection construction and land use planning in Yunnan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tea plants are economically important woody plants that originated in southwestern China. The Yunnan Province in China is regarded as the central origin of tea plants owing to the abundance and diversity of the tea germplasm present in this region. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among tea plants in this region. Here, a total of 266,397 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained using double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing from 468 tea accessions collected from Yunnan. The phylogenetic relationship and population structure of the 468 tea accessions revealed remarkable inter- and intraspecific introgression across different sect. Thea species. We found that Camellia taliensis (W. W. Smith) Melchior is the main genetic donor that greatly contributed to the domestication of C. sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, as evidenced by the frequent generation of genetic intermediates derived from the hybridization between C. sinensis and C. taliensis in Lincang, Xishuangbanna, and Pu'er. Notable genetic differences were observed across the populations from distinct regions of Yunnan. Additionally, the Lancang River may have attenuated the genetic interflow between Lincang and Pu'er. Finally, a core collection of 50 tea accessions was constructed based on the genetic diversity of the 468 tea accessions. Our results provide novel insights into the evolutionary and domestication history of tea plants in Yunnan Province and can facilitate the development of strategies for the conservation, breeding, and utilization of the core collection., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All the experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Rodents represent over 40% of known mammal species and are found in various terrestrial habitats. They are significant reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, including harmful pathogens such as arenaviruses and hantaviruses, yet knowledge of their hosts and distributions is limited. Therefore, characterizing the virome profile in these animals is invaluable for outbreak preparedness, especially in potential hotspots of mammal diversity. This study included 681 organs from 124 rodents and one Chinese tree shrew collected from Yunnan Province, China, during 2020-2021. Metagenomic analysis revealed unique features of mammalian viruses in rodent organs across habitats with varying human disturbances. R. tanezumi in locations with high anthropogenic disturbance exhibited the highest mammal viral diversity, with spleen and lung samples showing the highest diversities for these viruses at the organ level. Mammal viral diversity for both commensal and non-commensal rats was identified to positively correlate with landscape disturbance. Some virus families were associated with particular organs or host species, suggesting tropism for these pathogens. Notably, known and novel viral species that are likely to infect humans were identified. R. tanezumi was identified as a reservoir and carrier for various zoonotic viruses, including porcine bocavirus, hantavirus, cardiovirus, and lyssavirus. These findings highlight the influence of rodent community composition and anthropogenic activities on diverse virome profiles, with R. tanezumi as an important reservoir for zoonotic viruses.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards scrub typhus control and analyse the influencing factors among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into management of scrub typhus in the county., Methods: Two townships were randomly sampled from Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province in July 2023, and 2 to 3 administrative villages were randomly selected from each township. Then, 20 to 40 households were randomly selected from each village, and 1 to 2 villagers were surveyed in each household. Residents' KAP towards scrub typhus control was investigated, and factor affecting residents' KAP towards scrub typhus control were identified with independent samples t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis., Results: A total of 417 questionnaires were allocated, and 410 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.32%. Of all respondents, 65.85% (270/410) heard of scrub typhus but were not familiar with it, and 12.68% (52/410) and 1.95% (8/410) were familiar and very familiar with it, respectively. Residents mainly acquired scrub typhus control knowledge via their relatives and friends. The knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores of the respondents with regard to scrub typhus were (34.14 ± 13.07), (55.04 ± 6.69), and (21.40 ± 5.61), respectively, and the total score for knowledge, belief, and behavior in relation to scrub typhus prevention and control was (110.57 ± 18.80). Univariate analysis revealed that age ( F = 3.12, P < 0.05), education ( F = 10.77, P < 0.05), occupation ( F = 4.89, P < 0.05), frequency of outdoor activities ( F = 3.61, P < 0.05), and type of place of residence ( t = 1.33, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced the participants' scores for knowledge of the prevention and control of scrub typhus. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that literacy level (β = 10.20 to 16.71, P < 0.05) and category of residence (β = -7.23, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced residents' current knowledge and trust behavior in relation to scrub typhus., Conclusions: Place of residence and educational level are critical factors affecting scrub typhus control among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province. Intensified health education pertaining to scrub typhus control and appropriate behavioral interventions are required among residents living in urban areas, with a low educational level and frequent outdoor activities.

Abstract Background In recent years, the incidence rate of vivax malaria recurrence still had 3.1% in Yunnan Province population after eradication therapy using primaquine (PQ). In order to understand the specific failure reasons for preventing vivax malaria relapses, a preliminary exploration on the CYP2D6 enzyme activity was carried out in the vivax malaria patients in Yunnan Province population by analysing mutational polymorphism in the coding region of CYP2D6 gene. Methods Blood samples were collected from vivax malaria patients with suspected relapse (SR) and non-relapsed (NR) malaria in Yunnan Province. The DNA fragments containing 9 exons regions of human CYP2D6 gene were amplified by performing PCR and sequenced. The sequencing results were aligned by using DNAStar 11.0 to obtain the coding DNA sequence (CDS) of CYP2D6 gene. DnaSP 6.11.01 software was used to identify mutant polymorphisms and haplotypes of the CDS chain. The waterfall function of GenVisR package in R was utilized to visualize the mutational landscape. The alleles of CYP2D6 gene were identified according to the criteria prescribed by Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Committee Database and the CYP2D6 enzyme activity was predicted based on diploid genotype. Results A total of 320 maternal CDS chains, including 63 from SR group and 257 from NR group, were obtained. Twelve mutant loci, including c.31 (rs769259), c.100 (rs1065852), c.271 (rs28371703), c.281 (rs28371704), c.294 (rs28371705), c.297 (rs200269944), c.336 (rs1081003), c.408 (rs1058164), c.505 (rs5030865), c.801 (rs28371718), c.886 (rs16947), and c.1,457 (rs1135840) were observed on the 640 CDS chains (including 320 maternal and 320 paternal chains). The high-frequency mutation at rs1135840 (0.703) and low-frequency mutation, such as rs28371703, were detected only in the SR group. The frequency of mutant rs1058164 and rs1135840 were significantly increased in the SR group ( $${x}^{2}$$ x 2 = 4.468, 5.889, P

Laboratory animals are strategic resources that are indispensable to support scientific and technological progress and innovation. It is one of the core elements required for country to maintain scientific and technological leadership and improve international scientific and technological competitiveness. In this study, the legalization and standardization, major research institutions, scientific research features and academic achievements, and current opportunities and countermeasures over 40 years of progression of laboratory animals in Yunnan Province were summarized to provide a reference for the further development of laboratory animals in China.

Background: Regional ecosystem health assessments are the basis for the sustainable development of society. However, an ecosystem is a complex integration of ecosystem mosaics and subsystems that influence each other, making it difficult to evaluate them using traditional assessment methods of linear and explicit functions. We introduce a back-propagation neural network model optimized by a genetic algorithm to evaluate ecosystem health in 16 districts in Yunnan Province.Result: (1) The model required fewer inputs to evaluate complex and nonlinear systems, avoided the need for subjective weights, and performed well in this practical application to regional ecosystem health assessment. (2) The ecosystem health in Yunnan Province was increasing, and there was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation during 2000–2020, showing that districts with high Ecosystem Health cluster together and the ecological protection policy of the region has produced a diffusion effect, leading to continuous improvement of the ecological health of the surrounding areas. High-low outlier areas of ecosystem health should be paid more attention, because of the increasing instability of local health levels. Conclusion: This study provides a methodological exploration for assessing spatial mosaics of different ecosystems at a regional scale.

The study of land use efficiency (LUE) evaluation and coupled coordination (CC) relationships under the perspective of urbanization can reasonably allocate land resources and contribute to the solution for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. The LUE evaluation index system is constructed in three aspects: economy, society, and ecology. Then the LUE and CC degrees of Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2020 are measured, and the characteristics of LUE and the relationship of CC in each administrative region at each level are analyzed in space. Besides, the overall LUE and CC relationship in Yunnan Province is described. The study concludes that (1) The urbanization process in Yunnan Province is accelerating, unused land is decreasing, and construction land is increasing. (2) During the study period, the LUE of Kunming was much higher than that of other regions. The economic efficiency of the inner circle cities centered on Kunming is higher, while the economic efficiency of the outer circle cities is lower; social efficiency is increasing year by year except for Nujiang and Diqing, showing a higher pattern in the east than in the west; ecological efficiency is not increasing year by year except for Kunming, Qujing, and Lijiang, showing a higher pattern in the east than in the west; comprehensive efficiency is on the rise, with Kunming and Qujing leading the way with the overall pattern of “east > central > west”. The high-value area is relatively stable, and the low-value area has a clear tendency to shift eastward. (3) The coupling level of economic, social, and ecological efficiency of land use in administrative regions of Yunnan Province is low, but the coupling relationship is gradually optimized, showing the “contiguous effect” and realizing the state of extreme disorder to severe disorder in a large area. (4) The overall CC of three subsystems in Yunnan Province shows a fluctuating upward trend; the comprehensive efficiency index has an upward trend except for a slight decrease in 2017–2018; from 2010 to 2019, ecological and social efficiency is better than economic efficiency.

Droughts frequently occur in Yunnan province, the southwest of China, which leads to crop loss, ecosystem degradation, and difficulties in drinking water for people. In order to assess and compare the extremeness for different drought events, this study quantified it by utilizing the joint return period of drought multi-characteristics. Three characteristics at the regional scale: drought duration, severity, and affected areas were obtained by a simple regional drought process methodology, and their relationship was considered based on three types of Archimedean Copulas. Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index at a six-month time scale was selected as the optimal drought index based on actual drought impact data. Results showed that drought events in Yunnan province were mostly short drought duration, low severity, and high drought-affected areas. By comparing the historical reported droughts’ loss, the return periods of drought events calculated by the combination of duration and severity and drought-affected area are much more suitable to reflect the real drought situations than those calculated by one- or two-dimensional drought characteristics, especially for extreme drought events. On average, the drought in Yunnan province was almost shown a return period of ~10 yr. The frequency of droughts in Yunnan province has gradually increased due to climate change, and droughts with ~100 yr or even larger return periods occurred in 2009–2010 and 2011–2013.

A new genus and species of Schizopteridae, Cornonannus bui gen. et sp. nov. is described from Yunnan Province, China. The new genus is closest to Pachyplagia Gross, 1951, Ogeria, Distant 1913, and Kaimon Hill, 2004 in morphology, but it can be distinguished from these genera by the male having a frontal process, the absence of pronotal collar, the distinct venation of forewing, a tarsi formula of 3-3-3, and the middle area of abdominal tergites I to VII with small, round tubercles. Photographs of the male habitus, head, thorax, abdomen, appendages, and genitalic structures, as well as scanning electron micrographs of the male head, thorax, abdomen, and genitalic structures and drawings of male genitalia, are provided. Moreover, a key to all known Chinese schizopterid genera is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crime of trafficking crime has a long period and high social harm, which can easily cause life-long memory trauma to the victims, which has aroused the attention of all walks of life. As a vulnerable group, minors are vulnerable to the crime of trafficking crime. Earlier related studies were mainly concentrated in the fields of law and sociology. The research on the analysis of minor trafficking crimes from a geographical perspective started late, and there was a lack of research on Yunnan Province, a high-incidence area of minor trafficking crimes. Therefore, based on the data of the public welfare platform "Baby Coming Home" website, this paper uses mathematical statistics, spatial analysis, and other methods to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of minor trafficking crimes in Yunnan Province from the perspective of minor victims. This study found that: 1) The inter-annual change of the crimes of trafficking minor in Yunnan province shows a strong concentration and fluctuation. The rise and fall of the number of crimes is closely related to the household registration reform system, the family planning policy, and the efforts to crack down on the crime of trafficking; In terms of age and gender, most of the trafficked minors came from rural areas, which tended to be younger; in terms of gender, there was a strong preference for younger males and older females. 2) From 1958 to 2019, the number of minor trafficking in Yunnan Province showed an "inverted V-shaped" fluctuation in time, and the high incidence period was from 1994 to 2005. 3) On the urban scale, the crime of trafficking gradually decreasing from the east to the west of Yunnan province. While trafficking was prevalent throughout the province, Qujing, Kunming, and Zhaotong had high incidence rates. On the county scale, it spreads from the Guandu district of Kunming city to the surrounding areas, the diffusion rate in the east is fast and the total number of crimes is high. 4) In terms of influencing factors, natural factors have the least impact on child abduction crimes, and there is no significant change in different time periods. Population factors are affected by regional culture, fertility preferences, and marriage and family systems, and become the dominant factor in the rapid growth period of child trafficking crimes. Social and economic factors have a significant effect on the high and low crime periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]