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Partially filled skutterudite antimonides La y Co 3.5 Fe 0.5 Sb 12 were synthesized through solid-state reaction. Large thermal parameter of filling atom was observed from Rietveld refinement. Raman spectra were studied, and only Fe substitution made little change to Raman spectra, while La filling in the voids in skutterudite structure produced large broadening of the vibrational modes. To corroborate the interaction of filling ions with vibrational modes, thermal transport property was measured.

The further purification of the total saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen by ordinary and reversed-phase silica-gel, as well as Sephadex LH-20 chromatography afforded two adjuvant active dammarane-type saponins, ginsenoside Re (1) and notoginsenoside R1 (2). These two saponins were evaluated for haemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the cellular and humoral immune responses of ICR mice against ovalbumin (OVA). The concentrations inducing 50% of the maximum haemolysis (HD50), using 0.5% red blood cell suspensions, were 469.6+/-16.9 and 420.4+/-22.9 microg/ml for 1 and 2, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 significantly increased the concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the OVA-immunized mice (P

In weakly acidic buffer medium, vitamin B1 (VB1) interacts with gold nanoparticles to form a binding product, which resulted in a significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity and the appearance of a new RRS spectrum. The maximum RRS peak was at 368 nm, and there are three smaller scattering peaks that were at 284 nm, 440 nm and 495 nm, respectively. The enhanced RRS intensity (ΔI) was directly proportional to the concentration of VB1 in the range of 0–2.8 × 10−7 mol L−1. The method had high sensitivity and its detection limit (3σ) was 0.9 ng mL−1. The optimum conditions and the influencing factors have been investigated. The method had good selectivity, which could be observed from the influence of coexisting substances. A sensitive, simple and fast RRS method for the determination of VB1 with gold nanoparticle probe has been developed. In addition, the reasons for RRS enhancement were discussed.

Starting from elemental powder mixtures, single-phase LaxCo3.6Ni0.4Sb12( x = 0 , 0.1, 0.4, 0.6)-filled skutterudites were synthesized via the route of mechanical alloying–hot pressing (MA–HP) in this paper. With increasing of La fraction, the lattice spacing of filled skutterudite phase increases and its variation follows the Vegard's law. The magnitude of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity show slight increases with increasing of La filling fraction; thermal conductivity of the filled skutterudite decreases and the resultant figure of merit increases with increase of La filling fraction. The as-HPed filled skutterudite has a composite nanocrystalline microstructure, which includes some coral-like clusters with relatively large spoke-like grains about 300 nm in length and a superfine equiaxial nanocrystalline matrix with an average grain size of about 50 nm. The coral-like cluster corresponds to the prime filled skutterudite formed directly by MA, while the filled skutterudite formed during hot pressing, which has the same nucleation condition and experiences less grain growth, develops equiaxially into the superfine nanocrystalline matrix.

Culture supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis 9816C had high toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. However, it lost insecticidal activities after being bathed in boiling water for 5 min. Acrystalliferous mutants of Bt9816C (Bt9816C-NP1 and Bt9816C-NP2) cured of its endogenous plasmids no longer possessed vip3A gene and toxicity. The 89 kD protein which existed in Bt9816C supernatant disappeared in the two mutants' supernatant; nevertheless, the two mutants still exhibited hemolytic and phospholipase C activity as Bt9816C did. The vip3A gene of Bt9816C, vip3Aa18, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. Bioassay demonstrated that the recombinant E. coli had high toxicity against S. exigua. Taken together, it suggested that Vip3A protein was responsible for the toxicity of Bt9816C culture supernatants.

In this work, La0.4Ni0.4Co3.6Sb12 filled skutterudite was prepared successfully by mechanical alloying (MA) and subsequent hot pressing. With increasing hot press (HP) temperature, the content of the filled skutterudite phase increases and its composition tends to the nominal composition; a single phase filled skutterudite compound can be obtained when the HP temperature is higher than 550 °C. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of the hot pressed sample increased while its thermal conductivity decreased and the resultant figure of merit increased with the increase in the HP temperature. A fractograph observation shows that there are two nanocrystalline microstructures in the hot pressed filled skutterudite sample—one is the prime skutterudite phase formed by MA with a relatively large size, about 300 nm, and the other is the skutterudite produced during the HP process which has an average grain size about 80 nm.

La y Fe x Co 4− x Sb 12 skutterudites with different La filling content ( y = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9; x = 1.0) were prepared by mechanical alloying and hot pressing. The effect of La partially filling on the thermoelectric properties of these compounds has been studied. The results showed that the La y Fe x Co 4− x Sb 12 single phase skutterudite compounds could be obtained by a combination of a 10 h mechanical alloying and a subsequent hot pressing at 650 °C for 2 h. Electrical and thermal conductivities of La filled skutterudite La y FeCo 3 Sb 12 decreased with increasing La filling fraction. The Seebeck coefficient of La y FeCo 3 Sb 12 became negative when y is 0.9. The figure of merit Z increased with La filling when the La content was not too high. The value Z of La 0.6 FeCo 3 Sb 12 is larger than the other filled skutterudite compounds.

Starting from elemental Co (99.9%), Ni (99.9%) and Sb (99.99%) powders, Co4-xNixSb12 powder mixture with different Ni concentration were subjected to mechanical alloying by using a planetary ball mill. Phase transformation during mechanical alloying process of Co-Ni-Sb system was studied in this paper. Ni substituted skutterudite could be synthesized by solid state reaction. With assistance of hot pressing for two hours, the as mechanically alloyed low Ni concentration powders could be completely transformed into skutterudite compound. The lattice parameter of Ni substituted skutterudite compound complies well with Vegard law when x is not more than 0.2. When Ni concentration is larger than the maximum solubility, NiSb2 compound forms and single phase skutterudite compound can not be obtained.

Elemental powder mixtures of the composition Co4−xFexSb12 with x=0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 were mechanically alloyed by means of high energy ball milling and subsequent isothermal annealing. The single phase skutterudite structure was obtained when x≤0.5, while Sb and FeSb2-type impurities were detected when x>0.5. The lattice parameters of the skutterudite structure increased linearly with Fe concentration, and the maximum solubility of Fe in the unfilled skutterudite structure Co4−xFexSb12 was found to be nearly x=0.68.

In the present work, elemental powder mixtures with an atomic ratio of Co:Sb=1:3 were mechanically alloyed by high-energy ball milling in a planetary ball mill. It is found that the CoSb3 compound (e-phase) was synthesized after milling for 10 h, and its concentration increased with prolonged milling time. The CoSb2 compound (δ-phase) was observed when milling for longer than 20 h, but single phase CoSb3 skutterudite could not be obtained even on further milling for 50 h. It is shown that single phase CoSb3 could be synthesized easily by annealing the as-MAed powders in vacuum at 700 °C, and the annealing time could be as short as 1 h for the powders milled for over 10 h.

Bt L-7601 is a UV resistant wild-type strain, which belongs to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. dendrolimus serotype H4a4b. It was isolated from nature, and produced a dark brown pigment during the exponential phase of growth. Bt L-7601 had the ability to produce pigment in a general nutrition-abundant medium, which had no L-tyrosine. The pigment was identified as melanin based on chemical testing, its light absorbance, and FT-IR analysis. Bt L-7601 has a strong resistance to UV light. After 30 min irradiation its survival rate was 17 times higher than that of the strain B. thuringiensis subsp. colmeri 15A3, which had no pigment. Results of the bioassays of residual insecticidal activity of Bt formulation with and without pigment produced by Bt L-7601 against larvae of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua after exposure to UV irradiation showed that the pigment is an excellent UV protective agent for the insecticidal proteins.

In this paper, solution-processed nickel oxide (NiOx) is used as hole-injection layers (HILs) in solution-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Serious exciton quenching is verified at the NiOx/emitting layer (EML) interface, resulting in worse device performance. The device performance is significantly improved by inserting a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) between the EML and NiOx. The solution-processed blue PhOLED with the double-stacked NiOx/PEDOT:PSS HILs shows a maximum current efficiency of 30.5 cd/A, which is 75% and 30% higher than those of the devices with a single NiOx HIL and a PEDOT:PSS HIL, respectively. Improvement of device efficiency can be attributed to reducing exciton quenching of the PEDOT:PSS layer as well as the electron blocking effect of the NiOx layer.

To explore the effects of HOXA10 gene expression in undescended and descended testis.Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were surgically prepared for unilateral cryptorchidism model. Their undescended and descended testes were removed at days 7 (infancy period, group B7) and 60 (sexual maturity period, group B60) post-operation. And contralateral descended testis served as controls (group A7, group A60). The expression of HOXA10 with histologic changes in experimental cryptorchidism were detected with one-step real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.Compared with the control group, the levels of HOXA10 gene for groups B7 and B60 decreased markedly to 0.78 ± 0.11 (P0.01) and 0.56 ± 0.03 (P0.01) respectively.However the levels of HOXA10 gene and protein in group B60 were significantly lower than those in group B7 (P0.01).There is a lower expression of HOXA10 in undescended testes than in normally developed counterparts. And the expression of HOXA10 decreases with the elapsing time of cryptorchidism.

A general modeling method is developed for the vibroacoustic analysis of an arbitrarily restrained rectangular plate backed by a cavity with general wall impedance. The present method provides a uniform way to obtain the solution of the coupled structure-cavity system, making changes of both boundary conditions of the plate and impedance of the cavity walls as simple as the modifications of geometrical or material parameters without requiring any altering of the whole solution procedure. With the displacement of the plate and acoustic pressure in the cavity expanded as double and triple Chebyshev polynomial series, respectively, a simple yet efficient solution to the problem of the modal and vibroacoustic behavior of the coupled system is obtained under the Rayleigh–Ritz frame. The current method can be applied to handle strong structural-acoustic coupling cases and this is illustrated explicitly by considering one case with a shallow cavity and very thin plate while the other with a water-filled cavity. The spatial matching of velocity at the interface is checked by numerical examples. The excellent orthogonal and complete properties of the Chebyshev series representations enable excellent accuracy and numerical stability. An experiment is conducted to validate the present method. In addition, the accuracy and reliability of the current method are also extensively validated by numerical examples and comparisons with theoretical solutions, finite element results, and results available in the literature. The effects of several key parameters are analyzed, including structural boundary conditions, plate thickness, cavity depth, and wall impedance.

Band selection is considered to be an important processing step in handling hyperspectral data. In this work, we selected informative bands according to the maximal relevance minimal redundancy (MRMR) criterion based on neighborhood mutual information. Two measures MRMR difference and MRMR quotient were defined and a forward greedy search for band selection was constructed. The performance of the proposed algorithm, along with a comparison with other methods (neighborhood dependency measure based algorithm, genetic algorithm and uninformative variable elimination algorithm), was studied using the classification accuracy of extreme learning machine (ELM) and random forests (RF) classifiers on soybeans' hyperspectral datasets. The results show that the proposed MRMR algorithm leads to promising improvement in band selection and classification accuracy.

Strain NK-2 which has broad spectrum of antifungal activity against eight kinds of phytopathogenic fungi was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysis of partial 16S rDNA, gyrA gene, and rpoB gene sequences. The crude protein, obtained from NK-2 culture, exhibited inhibitory activity on mycelial growth and conidial spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum. The crude proteins were further purified by Sephadex G-200 and the antifungal fraction was checked by SDS-PAGE. The putative active protein was then analyzed by Tandem mass spectrum. The result revealed that the target protein was high similar to protein YhfE from B. amyloliquefaciens FZB 42. Then we cloned the yhfE (GenBank accession:HM143898) from NK-2 genome and expressed it in Escherichia coli BL21. The purified recombinant YhfE protein could also inhibit the spore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. We have found for the first time, to our knowledge, that YhfE has antifungal activity.

Variable resistors were constructed from epitaxial SrRuO3 (SRO), La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) and SrTiO3 layers with perovskite crystal structure. Each layer was patterned separately by lithographic methods. Optimized wet chemical etchants and several polishing steps in organic solvents allowed good epitaxy of subsequent layers, comparable to epitaxy on pristine substrates. Periodate as the oxidizing agent for SRO and iodide with ascorbic acid as the reducing agents for LSMO were used to attack these chemically resistant oxides. The final devices changed their conductance in a similar manner to previously described variable resistors that were defined with shadow masks.

In order to clear the primary and secondary impact factors of high-skilled talents' professional accomplishment (HTPA) and facilitate the quantitative analysis, the paper indicates that the HTPA mainly displays in the dominant employment literacy and recessive enjoyment literacy. By using Grey Correlation theory, it concrete analyses the nine influence factors of HTPA in employment and enjoyment literacy respectively. The result shows that the correlation degree of each impact factors in employment and enjoyment are different, and what's more, the high frequency of factors does not necessarily mean the high degree of correlation. Therefore it, combining the frequency and correlation degree, explores the countermeasures of enhancement HTPA from three aspects: professional moral, professional ideal and professional ability.

Band selection is a well-known approach for reducing dimensionality in hyperspectral imaging. In this paper, a band selection method based on consistency-measure of neighborhood rough set theory (CMNRS) was proposed to select informative bands from hyperspectral images. A decision-making information system was established by the reflection spectrum of soybeans' hyperspectral data between 400 nm and 1000 nm wavelengths. The neighborhood consistency-measure, which reflects not only the size of the decision positive region, but also the sample distribution in the boundary region, was used as the evaluation function of band significance. The optimal band subset was selected by a forward greedy search algorithm. A post-pruning strategy was employed to overcome the over-fitting problem and find the minimum subset. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed band selection technique, two classification models (extreme learning machine (ELM) and random forests (RF)) were built. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can effectively select key bands and obtain satisfactory classification accuracy.

To explore the influence of the direct repeat sequence (DRS) in Bacillus chitinase genes on heterogonous expression in Escherichia coli, we cloned and sequenced the entire open reading frame (ORF) and upstream sequences of the chitinase B (chiB) and chitinase MY75 (chiMY75) from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus licheniformis. A pair of 8-bp DRS was found upstream of each chi gene. Chi ORFs with a series of truncated DRS were cloned and transformed into E. coli XL-Blue. The activity of the transformants without the DRS were significantly higher in chitinase assays than transformants containing the DRS. SDS-PAGE showed that part and full deletion of the DRS increased chi gene expression by approximately 1.7 and 3.8-fold, respectively. Northern blotting revealed deletion of the DRS regions increased chiB and chiMY75 mRNA expression. Specific binding of DNA-binding factors in the E. coli cell lyaste was observed to both the chiB and chiMY75 promoter regions and DRS elements. This is the first investigation to demonstrate that heterologous expression of Bacillus chi genes in E. coli is negatively regulated by their upstream DRS regions, which act as cis-acting elements.

Chitinases were produced by a lot of microorganisms. Chitinase gene expression in most of the chitinase producing bacteria was inducible by chitin. Low levels of chitinase were observed in the presence of glucose. To date, however, the regulation of such chitinase gene in Bacillus thuringiensis had not been well studied. In this paper, all 77 Bacillus thuringiensis strains were grown in the medium with or without chitin. We measured quantitatively the chitinase activity of the cultures. Moreover, we investigated the suppressive effect of glucose on chitinase of 4 strains. Also we studied the relationship between chitin induction and glucose suppression on chitinase. This investigation demonstrated that all tested B. thuringiensis strains could produce chitinase without chitin. After induction, the chitinolytic activity of 31 tested strains had no obvious response to the inducer, whereas 44 stains increased in different degree. Among these strains, most of them did not markedly increase the levels of chitinase, and many stains simultaneously displayed the expression mode of inducible and constitutive. The glucose inhibited the inductive effect of chitin, but it could not inhibit the basal expression of chitinase. Two strains No. 38 and No. 75 belonged to different expression types. But we just found several different bases in the regulatory region of chitinase genes chiA and chiB from them.

In this paper we collected the leaves of soybean at the different stages and different nitrogen. this paper studied the leaf images of the six stages of soybean growth, which nitrogen fertilizer applied were 0%,50%,100% and 150%.The current state of development, application and research of the image processing technology are analyzed in this thesis. The color characters of soybean leaves were analyzed using the RGB and the HSI model. Get mean value of RGB and HIS, it will provide a technical basis for the diagnosis of deficiencies and excess of nitrogen for soybean leaves.

Deficiencies and excess of soybean's plant nitrogen is the key of soybean nutritional diagnosis. Applying image processing technique, this paper studied the leaf images of the six stages of soybean growth, which nitrogen fertilizer applied were 0%, 50%, 100% and 150%. Using image preprocessing, the noise of source image was removed and the areas of interest were enhanced, leaves and background were separated using minimum error threshold method. The color characters of soybean leaves were analyzed using the RGB and the HSI model. The standard of distinction between normal and excessive loss of soybean leaves was found, which proved technical basis of the diagnosis of deficiencies and excess of soybean's plant nitrogen.

To heterogeneously express the chitinase gene of Bacillus licheniformis strain MY75 in E. coli, and to characterize the recombinant chitinase ChiMY.The extracelluar crude protein from B. licheniformis MY75 was analyzed by zymogram analysis. The partial amino acid sequence of the protein owned chitinase activity was given by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Then the corresponding chitinase gene chiMY was cloned and heterogeneously expressed in E. coli. The optimum temperature and pH of the ChiMY, and the effect of various metal ions on chitinase activity were studied. The antifungal activity and the synergistic effect on insecticidal activity were demonstrated by bioassays.A 55 kDa extracelluar protein produced by B. licheniformis MY75 exhibited chitinase activity in zymogram analysis. The chiMY gene was 1797 bp long and encoded a 599 amino acid protein. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein ChiMY over-expressed in E. coli was 67 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the 55 kDa extracelluar protein was proved identical to the 67 kDa ChiMY by the TOF-MS. The optimum temperature and pH were 50 degrees C and 7.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was improved by Li+, Na+ and Mg2+ and inhibited by Mn2+, Cr3+, Zn2+, and Ag+. Cu2+ and Fe3+ can inactivate the enzyme. The bioassays demonstrated the heterogeneously expressed ChiMY could inhibit the sporangia germination of G. saubinetii and A. niger, and reduce the LC50 (50% lethal concentration) of the crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis against S. exigua by approximately 27%.The B. licheniformis MY75 could produce a 55 kDa chitinase. The corresponding chitinase gene was over-expressed in E. coli. The molecular weight of heterogeneously expressed ChiMY showed significant different to the wild-type chitinase protein. This implicated the the protein processing of chitinase in the B. licheniformis MY75. The ChiMY also owned the antifungal activity and could improve the insecticidal activity of the Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein against S. exigua. This is the first report about the chitinase from B. licheniformis in China.

Community of Practice (COP) is an emerging theory in the knowledge management field, analysis and discussions involving the COP stay mainly in the context of enterprise knowledge management. Introducing the COP concept into the governmental management area represents the essential pursuit of government management innovation and the strategical option of the government in line with the current development trend. At the end of the paper, the author aims at discussing the pending problems the Chinese government faces in the cultivation mechanism, and sincerely intends to start further discussion on the issue of the COP in government.

We studied the characteristics of chitinase B (ChiB) from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. colmeri 15A3 (Bt 15A3) and evaluated its antagonism and insecticidal potential.ChiB was expressed in Escherichia coli. Expression product was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of ChiB was directly estimated by zymogram after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electroresis (SDS-PAGE). The proteins with different molecular weight were identified by mass spectrum (MS) and analyzed through bioinformatics. We studied some metal ions' impacts on chitinase activity; optimal temperature, pH and its stability at different temperature and pH. We also studied the inhibition effects on sporangia germination of fungi and the synergistic effects of ChiB on larvicidal activity.The molecular mass of ChiB was estimated as 70 kDa by zymogram. The protein with 64 kDa was the product of C-terminal degradation of ChiB in E. coli. Chitinase activity was improved by Fe3+ and inhibited by Zn2+ and Ag2+. The optimal temperature for ChiB was 60 C and the optimal pH was 5.0. The enzyme was quite stable at temperature below 60 degrees C and pH between 4.0 and 8.0. ChiB inhibited sporangia germination and the IC50 (50% inhibited concentration) was about 4 microg/mL. Moreover, the bioassays showed that ChiB could reduce the LC50 (50% lethal concentration) of the crystal protein of Bt. against Spodoptera exigua and Helicoverpa armigera larvae by approximately 26% and 30%.ChiB was not only stable, but also with good antagonism and insecticidal activity.

Computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) technique is widely used in machining process of large and medium aspheric surfaces, because of its high accuracy, simple proce ss conditions, low cost and other merits. The characteristic of the removal function of a polishing tool is a key factor in determining convergence rate in CCOS process. The shape parameters, which influence the characteristic of the removal function of a dual-rotation polishing tool, are the rotational speed ratio and the eccentricity ratio. A method is presented to optimize these two shape parameters, in which the error correcting capability of the removal function is considered. The optimized parameters are compared with those from other references. The results show that a removal function with a certain size has the highest error correcting capability when the eccentricity ratio is 0.8 and the rotational speed ratio -3. With the optimized parameters, the final figuring of a 500 mm f3 paraboloid mirror is accomplished. With 95 hours of polishing time, the mirror is taken from an rms deviation of 0.241 waves to an rms deviation of 0.015 waves, where a wave is 0.6328 m. The results show that higher precision and efficiency will be achieved with the optimized parameters in CCOS. Keywords: aspheric surfaces, computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS), removal function

Strain MY75 is a gram-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium that can secrete high levels of extracellular chitinase (4.645 U/ml) when chitin powder exists as an inducer. This strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis using the Biolog MicroLog microbial identification system and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, gyrA and rpoB genes. Strain MY75 has the ability to inhibit the growth of Gibberella saubinetii and Aspergillus niger, two major pathogenic fungi in agriculture, and to restrain their spore germination completely. The chitinase was proved to play an important role in the strain’s antifungal activity.

Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is a technique to obtain real-time temperature well logs which are used for several applications such as production allocation, heavy oil thermal recovery (e.g., steam-assisted gravity drainage, SAGD) steam-well management, and well-integrity monitoring. This system is based on measuring scattered light at more than one wavelength from an optical fiber placed along the well. An issue arises when the attenuation of the optical fiber changes with time by different amounts at the different wavelengths used causing degradation in accuracy of the measurement. This differential loss can be compensated for by connecting both ends of the optical fiber to the DTS instrument in a double-ended (DE) configuration. However, it is not always possible to operate in DE configuration because of other constrains in the design such as lack of space or restricted number of penetrations in completion equipment. Single-ended (SE) operation configuration has been used in these cases, exposing the monitoring system to potential loss of accuracy. An accurate single-ended (ASE) DTS system which provides differential loss measurement and compensation to single-ended installations is described. The instrument uses more than one light source to compensate for the optical-fiber differential losses at the relevant wavelengths. This compensation is applied continuously without the need of external recalibration. A system operating on this principle has been used for some time on single-mode fibers, and recent technical advances have enabled its application to multimode fibers. Laboratory-test and field-test results are presented showing a dramatic improvement in accuracy in cases where differential losses have developed. Comparative data using DE, SE, and ASE DTS systems are presented showing cases in which optical fibers were subjected to extreme environments where the effect of differential loss is accentuated. Examples are shown in which errors of up to 100°C caused by differential loss were automatically corrected in real time by the ASE DTS instrument.

In this paper, we present a study of neural network controller-based solution for electromotor frequency conversion speed-regulating. The neural network controller combines neural network model - M-P(McCulloch-Pitts) with motor speed closed-loop control. The LonWorks technology offers engineers a powerful solution for realization DCS (distributed control system) monitoring and control system. So, we use LonWorks field bus to establish a field measure and control network. The designs of the neural network controller including hardware design and software design are also based on the LonWorks technology. The algorithm for neural network controller and realization of the algorithm are expatiated. Finally, two tests are performed to test the neural network controller's static performance and dynamic performance. Results of two tests are presented as two motor-speed response graphs which are plotted by workstation PC.

The conservative cascades process with multipliers generated by symmetric β distribution is introduced as an EPON upstream traffic model, which can catch the amplitude burst and temporal burst behaviors of real traffic simultaneously. The traffic matching and synthesizing methods are illustrated through an example.

Bacillus thuringiensis wild type strain 15A3 belongs to subspecies colmeri serotype H-21. RFLP and PCR analysis show that it contains six types of ICP genes: cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ca, cry1D, cry1I and cry. The sequence of the 1.45 kb N-terminal fragment of cry1Aa differed from that of published. SDS-PAGE showed that the crystal consists of proteins with molecular weight about 130, 79, 70, 65, 51 and 45 kD. Strain 15A3 didn't sysnthesize heat-stable beta-exotoxins according to test of house fly aberration. The 1.2 tons fermentative production exhibited high toxicity against three lepidopteran pests: H. armigera, S. exigua and H. cunea. It was proved that wild type strain can produce a broad specturm of ICP.

Thin films of β-phase poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) were realized by dipping amorphous-phase PFO thin films in 1,2-dichloroethane for several seconds. Absorption, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence spectra indicate that the β-phase is generated in the thin films. A stable pure-blue polymer light-emitting device based on the β-phase PFO film was fabricated. The efficiency of the device with the β-phase is increased to 2.53 cd/A, which is 3.3 times higher than that of the device with the amorphous phase. Moreover, it is found that the device with β-phase emission shows high color purity as well as stable spectra.