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The quantum entangled J/ψ→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-} pairs from (1.0087±0.0044)×10^{10}  J/ψ events taken by the BESIII detector are used to study the nonleptonic two-body weak decays Σ^{+}→nπ^{+} and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→n[over ¯]π^{-}. The CP-odd weak decay parameters of the decays Σ^{+}→nπ^{+} (α_{+}) and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→n[over ¯]π^{-} (α[over ¯]_{-}) are determined to be 0.0481±0.0031_{stat}±0.0019_{syst} and -0.0565±0.0047_{stat}±0.0022_{syst}, respectively. The decay parameter α[over ¯]_{-} is measured for the first time, and the accuracy of α_{+} is improved by a factor of 4 compared to the previous results. The simultaneously determined decay parameters allow the first precision CP symmetry test for any hyperon decay with a neutron in the final state with the measurement of A_{CP}=(α_{+}+α[over ¯]_{-})/(α_{+}-α[over ¯]_{-})=-0.080±0.052_{stat}±0.028_{syst}. Assuming CP conservation, the average decay parameter is determined as ⟨α_{+}⟩=(α_{+}-α[over ¯]_{-})/2=-0.0506±0.0026_{stat}±0.0019_{syst}, while the ratios α_{+}/α_{0} and α[over ¯]_{-}/α[over ¯]_{0} are -0.0490±0.0032_{stat}±0.0021_{syst} and -0.0571±0.0053_{stat}±0.0032_{syst}, where α_{0} and α[over ¯]_{0} are the decay parameters of the decays Σ^{+}→pπ^{0} and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→p[over ¯]π^{0}, respectively.

Agarperoxinols A and B ( 1-2 ), two naturally occurring humulene-type sesquiterpenoids with an unprecedented tricyclic 6/6/7 ring, were discovered from the agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis . Their structures were unambiguously determined by various spectroscopic data, experimental ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Agarperoxinol B showed significant and dose-dependent neuroinflammatory inhibitory effects on various proinflammatory mediators, including NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and suppressed iNOS and COX-2 enzymes in LPS-activated microglial cells. A mechanistic study demonstrated that agarperoxinol B remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the Akt and JNK signaling pathways. Agarperoxinol B also significantly reduced the expression of the microglial markers Iba-1, COX-2, and TNF-α in the mouse cerebral cortex. Our findings introduce a bioactive compound from natural products that decreases proinflammatory factor production and has application for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Color tunable phosphors of Mn 4+ and Tb 3+ co-doped double-perovskite SrGdLiTeO 6 (SGLT) were synthesized in this work. The crystal parameters and photoluminescence performances were investigated in detail. By taking advantage of the different thermal quenching strengths between Mn 4+ and Tb 3+ ions, the emission color of SGLT:0.7%Mn 4+ /1%Tb 3+ changed from red to green, which could be used for high-temperature temperature warning indication. Moreover, according to the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) technique, wide temperature-range optical thermometry was developed and further, the maximum relative sensitivity ( S R1 ) value of the SGLT:0.7%Mn 4+ /5%Tb 3+ phosphor was determined to be 1.49% K -1 at 560 K. On the other hand, the sensing properties were also analyzed based on the temperature-dependent lifetime method. The most interesting thing is that the maximum S R2 value reached 1.88% K -1 at 573 K. This work proved that the Mn 4+ and Tb 3+ co-doped double-perovskite SrGdLiTeO 6 could be potentially used in temperature warning indication and high sensitivity luminescence thermometry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the precision of bony resections during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed using different computer-assisted technologies., Methods: Patients who underwent a primary TKA using an imageless accelerometer-based handheld navigation system (KneeAlign2®, OrthAlign Inc.) or computed tomography-based large-console surgical robot (Mako®, Stryker Corp.) from 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Templated alignment targets and demographic data were collected. Coronal plane alignment of the femoral and tibial components and tibial slope were measured on postoperative radiographs. Patients with excessive flexion or rotation preventing accurate measurement were excluded., Results: A total of 240 patients who underwent TKA using either a handheld (n = 120) or robotic (n = 120) system were included. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between groups. A small but statistically significant difference in the precision of the distal femoral resection was observed between the handheld and robotic cohorts (1.5° vs. 1.1° difference between templated and measured alignments, p = 0.024), though this is likely clinically insignificant. There were no significant differences in the precision of the tibial resection between the handheld and robotic groups (coronal plane 0.9° vs. 1.0°, n.s.; sagittal plane 1.2° vs. 1.1°, n.s.). There were no significant differences in the rate of overall precision between cohorts (n.s.)., Conclusions: A high degree of component alignment precision was observed for both imageless handheld navigation and CT-based robotic cohorts. Surgeons considering options for computer-assisted TKA should take other important factors, including surgical principles, templating software, ligament balancing, intraoperative adjustability, equipment logistics, and cost, into account., Level of Evidence: III., (© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA).)

The process of peak picking and quality assessment for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) data demands significant human effort, especially for signals with low abundance and high interference. Although multiple peak-picking software packages are available, they often fail to detect peaks with low quality and do not report cases with low confidence. Furthermore, visual examination of all chromatograms is still necessary to identify uncertain or erroneous cases. This study introduces HeapMS, a web service that uses artificial intelligence to assist with peak picking and the quality assessment of MRM chromatograms. HeapMS applies a rule-based filter to remove chromatograms with low interference and high-confidence peak boundaries detected by Skyline. Additionally, it transforms two histograms (representing light and heavy peptides) into a single encoded heatmap and performs a two-step evaluation (quality detection and peak picking) using image convolutional neural networks. HeapMS offers three categories of peak picking: uncertain peak picking that requires manual inspection, deletion peak picking that requires removal or manual re-examination, and automatic peak picking. HeapMS acquires the chromatogram and peak-picking boundaries directly from Skyline output. The output results are imported back into Skyline for further manual inspection, facilitating integration with Skyline. HeapMS offers the benefit of detecting chromatograms that should be deleted or require human inspection. Based on defined categories, it can significantly reduce human workload and provide consistent results. Furthermore, by using heatmaps instead of histograms, HeapMS can adapt to future updates in image recognition models. The HeapMS is available at: https://github.com/ccllabe/HeapMS.

An unprecedented nickel-catalysed enantioselective hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes is developed, allowing the diverse access to monofluoromethyl-tethered axially chiral allenes, including the challenging deuterated monofluoromethyl (CD 2 F)-tethered ones that are otherwise inaccessible. It represents the first asymmetric 1,4-hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-enynes using low-cost asymmetric nickel catalysis, thus opening a new avenue for the activation of 1,3-enynes in reaction development. The utility is further verified by its broad substrate scope, good functionality tolerance, mild conditions, and diversified product elaborations toward other valuable fluorinated structures. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of the enantioselectivity., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: Gait is influenced by race, age, and diseases type. Reference values for gait are closely related to numerous health outcomes. To gain a comprehensive understanding of gait patterns, particularly in relation to race-related pathologies and disorders, it is crucial to establish reference values for gait in daily life considering sex and age. Therefore, our objective was to present sex and age-based reference values for gait in daily life, providing a valuable foundation for further research and clinical applications., Aim: To establish reference values for lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics during gait in asymptomatic adult women and men., Methods: Spatiotemporal, kinematics and kinetics parameters were measured in 171 healthy adults (70 males and 101 females) using the computer-aided soft tissue foot model. Full curve statistical parametric mapping was performed using independent and paired-samples t-tests., Results: Compared with females, males required more time (cycle time, double-limb support time, stance time, swing time, and stride time), and the differences were statistically significant. In addition, the step and stride lengths of males were longer. Compared to males, female cadence was faster, and statures-per-second and stride-per-minute were higher. There were no statistical differences in speed and stride width between the two groups. After adjusting for height, it was observed that women walked significantly faster than men, and they also had a higher cadence. However, in terms of step length, stride length, and stride width, both genders exhibited similarities., Conclusion: We established reference values for gait speed and spatiotemporal gait parameters in Chinese university students. This contributes to a valuable database for gait assessment and evaluation of preventive or rehabilitative programs., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest in regards to this work., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

The process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} is studied with a semi-inclusive method using data samples at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections of the process are measured for the first time with high precision in this energy region. Two resonance structures are observed in the energy-dependent cross sections around 4.2 and 4.4 GeV. By fitting the cross sections with a coherent sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes and one phase-space amplitude, the two significant structures are assigned masses of (4186.8±8.7±30) and (4414.6±3.4±6.1)  MeV/c^{2}, widths of (55±15±53) and (122.5±7.5±8.1)  MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The inclusion of a third Breit-Wigner amplitude is necessary to describe a structure around 4.79 GeV.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between salivary matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and clinicopathological parameters of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare the prognostic efficacy of salivary MMP-1 and other established circulating markers for OSCC., Methods: Saliva specimens from 479 OSCC subjects were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The area under the curve (AUC) values of salivary MMP-1 and other markers were calculated, and survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate regression methods., Results: Salivary MMP-1 showed good discrimination in predicting overall survival, with an AUC of 0.638, which was significantly higher than that of albumin (0.530, p  = .021) and Charlson comorbidity index (0.568, p  = .048) and comparable with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (0.620, p  = .987), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (0.575, p  = .125), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (0.609, p  = .605). Elevated levels of salivary MMP-1 were significantly associated with higher pT classification, pN classification, overall pathological stage, positive extranodal extension, tumor differentiation, positive lymphovascular invasion, positive perineural invasion, and tumor depth ( p all <.05). Multivariate analyses indicated that a higher level of salivary MMP-1 (≥2060.0 pg/mL) was an independent predictive factor of poorer overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.421 [95% confidential interval: 1.014-1.989], p  = .041)., Conclusion: The study found that the salivary MMP-1 level was significantly associated with many adverse clinicopathological parameters of OSCC. In OSCC, it was found to have superior efficacy in predicting prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor of post-treatment outcome., Level of Evidence: 3., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2023 The Authors. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Triological Society.)

We report on the first search for Λ[over ¯]-Λ oscillations in the decay J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c. by analyzing 1.31×10^{9}  J/ψ events accumulated with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The J/ψ events are produced using e^{+}e^{-} collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt[s]=3.097  GeV. No evidence for hyperon oscillations is observed. The upper limit for the oscillation rate of Λ[over ¯] to Λ hyperons is determined to be P(Λ)=[B(J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ+c.c.)/B(J/ψ→pK^{-}Λ[over ¯]+c.c.)]<4.4×10^{-6} corresponding to an oscillation parameter δm&#95;{ΛΛ[over ¯]} of less than 3.8×10^{-18}  GeV at the 90% confidence level.

For realizing all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), it is highly desirable to develop a robust solid electrolyte (SE) that has exceptional ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability at room temperature. While argyrodite-type Li 6 PS 5 Cl (LPSCl) SE has garnered attention for its relatively high ionic conductivity (∼3.19 × 10 -3 S cm -1 ), it tends to emit hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in the presence of moisture, which can hinder the performance of ASSBs. To address this issue, researchers are exploring approaches that promote structural stability and moisture resistance through elemental doping or substitution. Herein, we suggest using zeolite imidazolate framework-8 as a moisture absorbent in LPSCl without modifying the structure of the SE or the electrode configuration. By incorporating highly ordered porous materials, we demonstrate that ASSBs configured with LPSCl SE display stable cyclability due to effective and long-lasting moisture absorption. This approach not only improves the overall quality of ASSBs but also lays the foundation for developing a moisture-resistant sulfide electrolyte.

Acoustic neuromas are the most common tumor of the cerebellopontine angle that are associated with a number of symptoms that negatively impact a patient's quality of life. While the mainstay of treatment for these benign tumors remains microsurgical resection, there is limited research exploring how certain modifiable risk factors (MRFs) may affect the perioperative course. The purpose of this study was to investigate how MRFs including malnutrition, obesity, dyslipidemia, uncontrolled hypertension, and smoking may affect postoperative rates of readmission and nonroutine discharges. We utilized the 2016 and 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database. MRFs were queried using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) coding for categories including malnutrition, obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol, and hypertension. The statistical analysis was done using RStudio (Version 1.3.959). Chi-squared tests were done to evaluate differences between categorical variables. The Mann-Whitney U- testing was utilized to evaluate for statistically significant differences in continuous data. The "Epitools" package was used to develop logistic regression models for postoperative complications and post hoc receiver operating characteristic curves were developed. Pertaining to nonroutine discharge, predictive models using malnutrition outperformed all other MRFs as well as those with no MRFs ( P < .05). In the case of readmission, models using malnutrition outperformed those of obesity and smoking ( P < .05). Again, an increase in predictive power is seen in models using dyslipidemia when compared to obesity, smoking, or uncontrolled hypertension. Lastly, models using no MRFs outperformed those of obesity, smoking, and uncontrolled hypertension ( P < .05). This is the first study of its kind to evaluate the role of MRFs in those undergoing surgical resection of their acoustic neuroma. We concluded that certain MRFs may play a role in complicating a patient's perioperative surgical course., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: SS has conflicts of interest, including being: Consultant for the Mac Parkman Foundation for Adolescent Concussive Trauma. Stock/Equity holder in StrokeDx.

Highly-efficient electroactive materials with distinctive electrochemical features, along with suitable strategies to prepare hetero-nanoarchitectures incorporating two or more transition metal selenides, are currently required to increase charge storage ability. Herein, a one-pot solvothermal approach is used to develop iron-nickel selenide spring-lawn-like architectures (FeNiSe SLAs) on nickel (Ni) foam. The porous Ni foam scaffold not only enables the uniform growth of FeNiSe SLAs but also serves as an Ni source. The effect of reaction time on their morphological and electrochemical properties is investigated. The FeNiSe-15 h electrode shows high areal capacity (493.2 μA h cm -2 ) and superior cycling constancy. The as-assembled aqueous hybrid cell (AHC) demonstrates high areal capacity and a decent rate capability of 59.4% (50 mA cm -2 ). The AHC exhibits good energy and power densities, along with excellent cycling stability. Furthermore, to confirm its practicability, the AHC is employed to drive portable electronic appliances by charging it with wind energy. The electrocatalytic activity of FeNiSe-based materials to complete the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is explored. Among them, the FeNiSe-15 h catalyst shows good OER performance at a current density of 50 mA cm -2 . This general synthesis approach may initiate a strategy of advanced metal selenide-based materials for multifunctional applications.

Herein, single monoclinic phase Mn 4+ -doped Sr 2 InTaO 6 (SITO) phosphors were reported in terms of both luminescence behaviors and potential applications. The optimal Mn 4+ -doped SITO (0.3 mol%) exhibited a good color purity of 92.9% in a deep-red region with a chromaticity coordinate of (0.707, 0.293). In addition, the local structure of Mn 4+ in the SITO matrix was determined. The crystal-field strength was calculated to be approximately 1781.7 cm -1 whereas the nephelauxetic ratio was determined to be 1.04. Furthermore, the flexible SITO:Mn 4+ -YAG:Ce 3+ security film was fabricated for use in anti-counterfeiting applications, which could emit different colors under various lighting sources. The SITO:Mn 4+ phosphors exhibited a high sensing sensitivity based on the luminescence lifetime. Consequently, the SITO:Mn 4+ phosphors can be employed in bifunctional platforms of luminescence lifetime thermometry and anti-counterfeiting applications.

Background: Rising utilization rates of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) paired with an aging US population herald increased future economic burden. Previous research has demonstrated evidence of "pent-up demand" in health care (delaying medical care until financially able) accompanying insurance status changes. The purpose of this study was to determine pent-up demand for TSA in the years leading up to Medicare coverage at age 65 years while identifying key drivers underlying this trend, including socioeconomic status., Methods: The incidence rates of TSA were evaluated using the 2019 National Inpatient Sample database. The observed increase in incidence between the ages of 64 years (pre-Medicare group) and 65 years (post-Medicare group) was compared with the expected increase. The expected frequency of TSA was subtracted from the observed frequency of TSA to calculate pent-up demand. Excess cost was calculated by multiplying pent-up demand by the median cost of TSA. The Medicare Expenditure Panel Survey-Household Component was used to compare health care cost and patient experience between pre-Medicare patients (aged 60-64 years) and post-Medicare patients (aged 66-70 years)., Results: The expected and observed increases in TSA procedures from age 64 years to age 65 years were 402, for an incidence rate increase of 0.13/1000 population (12.8% increase), and 820, for an incidence rate increase of 0.24/1000 population (27% increase), respectively. The 27% increase represented a sharp jump in comparison to the 7.8% annual growth rate between age 65 years and age 77 years. This resulted in pent-up demand between age 64 years and age 65 years of 418 TSA procedures and excess cost of $7.5 million. Mean total out-of-pocket expenses were significantly higher for the pre-Medicare group than for the post-Medicare group ($1700 vs. $1510, P < .001). Compared with the post-Medicare group, the pre-Medicare group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of patients who delayed Medicare care because of cost (P < .001), could not afford medical care (P < .001), had problems paying medical bills (P < .001), and were unable to pay medical bills (P < .001). Physician-patient relationship experience scores were significantly worse in the pre-Medicare group (P < .001). These trends were even stronger for low-income patients when data were broken down by income status., Conclusions: Patients likely delay elective TSA until reaching Medicare eligibility at age 65 years, resulting in substantial added financial burden to the health care system. As US health care costs continue to rise, it will be crucial for orthopedic providers and policy makers to be aware of pent-up demand for TSA and its possible associated drivers, especially socioeconomic status., (Copyright © 2023 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Fibrosis is a common and debilitating pathological process that affects many organ systems and contributes to connective tissue disorders in orthopaedics. Tendons heal after acute and chronic injury through a process of fibrovascular scar tissue formation, and soft tissue joint capsules can be affected after traumatic joint injury, leading to arthrofibrosis. Although the precise underlying mechanisms are still being elucidated, fibrosis is thought to be a consequence of dysregulated immune and cytokine signaling that leads to myofibroblast activation and proliferation and subsequent excessive collagen deposition. Current treatments for connective tissue fibrosis include physical therapy and surgery, but there are no therapies that directly target the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. Many pharmacological agents have been used to successfully target fibrosis in other tissues and organ systems and thus are a promising treatment option to fill this gap. However, limited evidence is available to guide the use of these agents in musculoskeletal connective tissues. This article provides an overview of pharmacological therapies that have potential to treat connective tissue fibrosis in patients with musculoskeletal conditions, along with the current supporting evidence and future uses of each therapy.

Elucidating the water-induced degradation mechanism of quantum-sized semiconductor nanocrystals is an important prerequisite for their practical application because they are vulnerable to moisture compared to their bulk counterparts. In-situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy is a desired method for studying nanocrystal degradation, and it has recently gained technical advancement. Herein, the moisture-induced degradation of semiconductor nanocrystals is investigated using graphene double-liquid-layer cells that can control the initiation of reactions. Crystalline and noncrystalline domains of quantum-sized CdS nanorods are clearly distinguished during their decomposition with atomic-scale imaging capability of the developed liquid cells. The results reveal that the decomposition process is mediated by the involvement of the amorphous-phase formation, which is different from conventional nanocrystal etching. The reaction can proceed without the electron beam, suggesting that the amorphous-phase-mediated decomposition is induced by water. Our study discloses unexplored aspects of moisture-induced deformation pathways of semiconductor nanocrystals, involving amorphous intermediates.

Accumulative evidence suggests metabolic disorders correlate with prostate cancer. Metabolic profiling of urine allows the measurement of numerous metabolites simultaneously. This study set up a metabolomic platform consisting of UPLC-FTMS and UPLC-ion trap MS n for urine metabolome analysis. The platform improved retention time, mass accuracy, and signal stability. Additionally, the product ion spectrum obtained from ion trap MS n facilitated structure elucidation of candidate metabolites, especially when authentic standards were not available. Urine samples from six hernia patients and six BPH patients were used for the initial establishment of the analytic platform. This platform was further employed to analyze the urine samples of 27 PCa and 49 BPH patients. Choosing the upper and lower 16% of metabolites, 258 metabolite candidates were selected. Twenty-four of them with AUC values larger than 0.65 were further selected. Eighteen of the twenty-four features can be matched in METLIN and HMDB. Eleven of the eighteen features can be interpreted by MS n experiments. They were used for the combination achieving the best differential power. Finally, four metabolites were combined to reach the AUC value of 0.842 (CI 95, 0.7559 to 0.9279). This study demonstrates the urinary metabolomic analysis of prostate cancer and sheds light on future research.

Triboelectric nanogenerators are an emerging energy-scavenging technology that can harvest kinetic energy from various mechanical moments into electricity. The energy generated while humans walk is the most commonly available biomechanical energy. Herein, a multistage consecutively-connected hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) is fabricated and combined with a flooring system (MCHCFS) to efficiently harvest mechanical energy while humans walk. Initially, the electrical output performance of the HNG is optimized by fabricating a prototype device using various strontium-doped barium titanate (Ba 1- x Sr x TiO 3 , BST) microparticles loaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite films. The BST/PDMS composite film acts as a negative triboelectric layer that operates against aluminum. Single HNG operated in contact-separation mode could generate an electrical output of ≈280 V, ≈8.5 µA, and ≈90 µC m -2 . The stability and robustness of the fabricated HNG are confirmed and eight similar HNGs are assembled in a 3D-printed MCHCFS. The MCHCFS is specifically designed to distribute applied force on the single HNG to four nearby HNGs. The MCHCFS can be implemented in real-life floors with an enlarged surface area to harvest energy generated while humans walk into direct current electrical output. The MCHCFS is demonstrated as a touch sensor that can be utilized in sustainable path lighting to save enormous electricity waste., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Purpose: Distinguishing radiation necrosis from tumor progression among patients with brain metastases previously treated with stereotactic radiosurgery represents a common diagnostic challenge. We performed a prospective pilot study to determine whether PET/CT with 18 F-fluciclovine, a widely available amino acid PET radiotracer, repurposed intracranially, can accurately diagnose equivocal lesions., Methods: Adults with brain metastases previously treated with radiosurgery presenting with a follow-up tumor-protocol MRI brain equivocal for radiation necrosis versus tumor progression underwent an 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT of the brain within 30 days. The reference standard for final diagnosis consisted of clinical follow-up until multidisciplinary consensus or tissue confirmation., Results: Of 16 patients imaged from 7/2019 to 11/2020, 15 subjects were evaluable with 20 lesions (radiation necrosis, n = 16; tumor progression, n = 4). Higher SUV max statistically significantly predicted tumor progression (AUC = 0.875; p = 0.011). Lesion SUV mean (AUC = 0.875; p = 0.018), SUV peak (AUC = 0.813; p = 0.007), and SUV peak -to-normal-brain (AUC = 0.859; p = 0.002) also predicted tumor progression, whereas SUV max -to-normal-brain (p = 0.1) and SUV mean -to-normal-brain (p = 0.5) did not. Qualitative visual scores were significant predictors for readers 1 (AUC = 0.750; p < 0.001) and 3 (AUC = 0.781; p = 0.045), but not for reader 2 (p = 0.3). Visual interpretations were significant predictors for reader 1 (AUC = 0.898; p = 0.012) but not for reader 2 (p = 0.3) or 3 (p = 0.2)., Conclusions: In this prospective pilot study of patients with brain metastases previously treated with radiosurgery presenting with a contemporary MRI brain with a lesion equivocal for radiation necrosis versus tumor progression, 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT repurposed intracranially demonstrated encouraging diagnostic accuracy, supporting the pursuit of larger clinical trials which will be necessary to establish diagnostic criteria and performance., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Without a gold-standard test, recent periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) literature has explored the utility of combining serological results, with promising findings. However, previous studies evaluated fewer than 200 patients and often studied only 1 to 2 test combinations. The purpose of this study was to accumulate a large single-institution cohort of revision total joint arthroplasty (rTJA) patients to determine the diagnostic utility of combination serum biomarkers to identify PJI., Methods: A single institution longitudinal database was assessed to identify all patients who underwent rTJA from 2017 to 2020. There were 1,363 rTJA patients (715 rTKA patients and 648 rTHA patients) including 273 PJI cases (20%) analyzed. The PJI was diagnosed post-rTJA utilizing 2011 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were systematically collected for all patients., Results: The rTKA combination markers of CRP + ESR (sensitivity: 78.3%, specificity: 88.8%, positive predictive value (PPV): 70.0%, negative predictive value (NPV): 92.5%), CRP + D-dimer (sensitivity: 60.5%, specificity: 92.6%, PPV: 63.4%, NPV: 91.7%), and CRP + IL-6 (sensitivity: 38.5%, specificity: 100.0%, PPV: 100.0%, NPV: 92.9%) all yielded higher specificity than CRP alone (sensitivity: 94.4%, specificity: 75.0%, PPV: 55.5%, NPV: 97.6%). Similarly, the rTHA combination markers of CRP + ESR (sensitivity: 70.1%, specificity: 88.8%, PPV: 58.1%, NPV: 93.1%), CRP + D-dimer (sensitivity: 57.1%, specificity: 90.1%, PPV: 43.2%, NPV: 94.1%), and CRP + IL-6 (sensitivity: 21.4%, specificity: 98.4%, PPV: 60.0%, NPV: 91.7%) all yielded higher specificity than CRP alone (sensitivity: 84.7%, specificity: 77.5%, PPV: 45.4%, NPV: 95.8%)., Conclusion: Overall, in diagnosing PJI for both rTKA and rTHA, 2-marker combinations yielded higher specificity, while 3-marker combinations yielded higher sensitivity compared to CRP alone. However, compared to all 2-marker and 3-marker combinations, CRP demonstrated superior overall diagnostic utility. These findings suggest that routine combination testing of markers for PJI diagnosis may be excessive and an unnecessary use of resources, especially in resource-limited situations., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: While colorectal polyps are not cancerous, some types of polyps, known as adenomas, can develop into colorectal cancer over time. Polyps can often be found and removed by colonoscopy; however, this is an invasive and expensive test. Thus, there is a need for new methods of screening patients at high risk of developing polyps., Aim: To identify a potential association between colorectal polyps and small intestine bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) or other relevant factors in a patient cohort with lactulose breath test (LBT) results., Methods: A total of 382 patients who had received an LBT were classified into polyp and non-polyp groups that were confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology. SIBO was diagnosed by measuring LBT-derived hydrogen (H) and methane (M) levels according to 2017 North American Consensus recommendations. Logistic regression was used to assess the ability of LBT to predict colorectal polyps. Intestinal barrier function damage (IBFD) was determined by blood assays., Results: H and M levels revealed that the prevalence of SIBO was significantly higher in the polyp group than in the non-polyp group (41% vs 23%, P < 0.01; 71% vs 59%, P < 0.05, respectively). Within 90 min of lactulose ingestion, the peak H values in the adenomatous and inflammatory/hyperplastic polyp patients were significantly higher than those in the non-polyp group ( P < 0.01, and P = 0.03, respectively). In 227 patients with SIBO defined by combining H and M values, the rate of IBFD determined by blood lipopolysaccharide levels was significantly higher among patients with polyps than those without (15% vs 5%, P < 0.05). In regression analysis with age and gender adjustment, colorectal polyps were most accurately predicted with models using M peak values or combined H and M values limited by North American Consensus recommendations for SIBO. These models had a sensitivity of ≥ 0.67, a specificity of ≥ 0.64, and an accuracy of ≥ 0.66., Conclusion: The current study made key associations among colorectal polyps, SIBO, and IBFD and demonstrated that LBT has moderate potential as an alternative noninvasive screening tool for colorectal polyps., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. There are no ethical or legal conflicts involved in the article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Karyopherin subunit alpha 2 (KPNA2, importin α1) is a nucleoplasmic protein responsible for the nuclear import of proteins with classical nuclear localization signals. Aberrant nuclear accumulation of KPNA2 has been observed in numerous cancer tissues. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in the phosphorylation and acetylation of KPNA2 in enterocytes. However, the impact of these post-translational modifications on modulating the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of KPNA2 and its oncogenic role remain unclear. Unlike nuclear accumulation of wild-type KPNA2, which promoted lung cancer cell migration, KPNA2 Lys22 acetylation-mimicking mutations (K22Q and K22Q/S105A) prevented nuclear localization of KPNA2 and reduced the cell migration ability. Cytosolic KPNA2 K22Q interacted with and restricted the nuclear entry of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), an oncogenic cargo protein of KPNA2, in lung cancer cells. Intriguingly, the AMPK activator EX229 promoted the nuclear export of KPNA2 S105A. However, the CBP/p300 inhibitor CCS-1477 abolished this phenomenon, suggesting that CBP/p300-mediated acetylation of KPNA2 promoted KPNA2 nuclear export in lung cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that the CBP/p300 positively regulates KPNA2 acetylation, which enhances its cytosolic localization and suppresses its oncogenic activity in lung cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The promise of adaptive cancer immunotherapy in treating highly malignant tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can only be realized through expanding its benefits to more patients. Alleviating various modes of immune suppression has so far failed to achieve such expansion, but exploiting endogenous immune enhancers among mutated cancer genes could represent a more direct approach to immunotherapy improvement. We found that Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1), which is commonly mutated in gliomas, enhances glioma vaccine efficacy in mice and discerns long from short survivors after vaccine therapy in GBM patients. Extracellular IDH1 directly enhanced T cell responses to multiple tumor antigens, and prolonged experimental glioma cell lysis. Moreover, IDH1 specifically bound to and exhibited sialidase activity against CD8. By contrast, mutant IDH1R132H lacked sialidase activity, delayed killing in glioma cells, and decreased host survival after immunotherapy. Overall, our findings identify IDH1 as an immunotherapeutic enhancer that mediates the known T cell-enhancing reaction of CD8 desialylation. This uncovers a new axis for immunotherapeutic improvement in GBM and other cancers, reveals novel physiological and molecular functions of IDH1, and hints at an unexpectedly direct link between lytic T cell function and metabolic activity in target cells., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objective: To evaluate treatment patterns and outcomes of patients in the United States who received antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)., Design: Retrospective study PARTICIPANTS: Patients with wet AMD., Methods: Using the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry, we studied patients with wet AMD who received ≥1 anti-VEGF injection, who were ≥50 years old, and with ≥1.5 years of follow-up. Patients were grouped based on follow-up duration (in years): ≥1.5 (cohort 1), ≥2.5 (cohort 2), and ≥3.5 (cohort 3)., Results: Patient characteristics were similar between treatment groups. 36.8%, 34.5%, and 39.2% of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and all anti-VEGF eyes, respectively, had an injection interval <8 weeks in length at the end of year 1. Results were similar at year 2 and 3. In cohorts 1-3, visual acuity (VA) changes from baseline ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 (year 1), -1.3 to -1.7 (year 2), and -2.8 to -3.1 (year 3) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. By the end of year 3, 41%, 39%, and 42% of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and all anti-VEGF eyes, respectively, had discontinued treatment (no injection for >6 months)., Conclusion: Approximately one-third of eyes had injection intervals <8 weeks in length at the end of year 1. VA was slightly better at the end of year 1 and declined after the first year despite treatment. By the end of year 3, more than one-third of eyes had discontinued treatment. Given the high treatment burden, wet AMD patients may benefit from more durable approaches that require less frequent dosing., (Copyright © 2021 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Altered Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) expression can regulate the progression of several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study was conducted to investigate the role of KLF9 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells via regulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). The expression patterns of KLF9, SDF-1, and CXCR4 in the experimental cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. After transfection of the KLF9 siRNA and KLF9 pcDNA, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated by experiments including cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. The binding of KLF9 to the SDF-1 promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assay. The rescue experiment was performed using the recombinant SDF-1 protein and KLF9 pcDNA. KLF9 was downregulated in the RCC cells. KLF9 knockdown induced the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells, whereas KLF9 overexpression elicited the opposite roles. Mechanically, KLF9 bound to the SDF-1 promoter, repressed SDF-1 transcription, and reduced the SDF-1/CXCR4 expression levels. Activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis attenuated the inhibitory role of KLF9 overexpression in RCC cell growth. Ordinarily, KLF9 suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells by repressing the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling., (© 2023 The Authors. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Kaohsiung Medical University.)

Plastoglobules (PGs) are plastidial lipid droplets enclosed by a polar monolayer born from the thylakoid membrane when plants require active lipid metabolism, including carotenogenesis, under the environmental stress and during plastid transition. Despite the fact that many proteins are reported to target PGs, their translocation mechanism has remained largely unexplored. To elucidate this process, we studied the influence of three hydrophobic regions (HR)-HR1 (1-45 th aa), HR2 (46-80 th aa), and HR3 (229-247 th aa)-of rice phytoene synthase 2 (OsPSY2, 398 aa), which has previously shown to target PGs. As results, HR1 includes the crucial sequence (31-45 th aa) for chloroplast import and the stromal cleavage occurs at a specific alanine site (64 th aa) within HR2, verifying that a N-terminal 64-aa-region works as the transit peptide (Tp). HR2 has a weak PG-targeting signal by showing synchronous and asynchronous localization patterns in both PGs and stroma of chloroplasts. HR3 exhibited a strong PG-targeting role with the required positional specificity to prevent potential issues such as non-accumulation, aggregation, and folding errors in proteins. Herein, we characterized a Tp and two transmembrane domains in three HRs of OsPSY2 and propose a spontaneous pathway for its PG-translocation with a shape embedded in the PG-monolayer. Given this subplastidial localization, we suggest six sophisticated tactics for plant biotechnology applications, including metabolic engineering and molecular farming., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yu, You, Lee and Ha.)

Porous carbon is considered an attractive host material for high-energy sulfur electrodes. This study concerns the design of a porous carbon-based sulfur electrode for the formulation of high-energy Li-S batteries. The porous carbon is impregnated with up to 80 vol.% of sulfur and a reduction in both the conductive agent and binder content. Therefore, less solvent can be used during slurry casting to inhibit crack formation following electrode drying. In addition, the utilization of two distinct electrically conducting networks enables reduced battery polarization, resulting in a battery with a capacity of 690 mAh g -1 (even after 100 cycles). Finally, pouch cells are prepared to characterize the practical performance of the optimized cathode. This yields a capacity of 741 mAh and a cathode energy density of 1001 Wh kg -1 . These findings are expected to guide the further development of high-energy-density cathode materials for Li-S batteries., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: Peripheral facial nerve palsy (PFNP) is a cranial neuropathy that occurs when the seventh facial nerve is damaged. PFNP seriously affects patients' quality of life, and approximately 30% of patients suffer from sequelae, such as unrecovered palsy, synkinesis, facial muscle contracture, and facial spasm. Many studies have confirmed the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of PFNP. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear and needs to be further explored. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture treatment for PFNP using neuroimaging methods., Methods: We will search all published studies from inception to March 2023 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, KMBASE, KISS, ScienceON, and OASIS. All clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating PFNP using functional neuroimaging will be selected without language restrictions. Two reviewers will independently conduct the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, according to a predetermined protocol. The outcomes, including the types of functional neuroimaging techniques, brain function alterations, and clinical outcomes, such as the House-Brackmann scale and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System, will also be analyzed. Coordinate-based meta-analysis and subgroup analyses will be performed if possible., Results: This study will analyze the effect of acupuncture on brain activity alterations and clinical improvement in patients with PFNP using functional neuroimaging., Conclusion: This study will provide a comprehensive summary and help elucidate the neural mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for PFNP., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42022321827., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most urgent public health problems, and novel antibiotics to kill drug-resistant bacteria are needed. Natural product-derived small molecules have been the major source of new antibiotics. Here we describe a family of antibacterial metabolites isolated from a probiotic bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis . A cross-streaking assay followed by activity-guided isolation yielded a novel antibacterial metabolite, bacillimidazole G, which possesses a rare imidazolium ring in the structure, showing MIC values of 0.7-2.6 μg/mL against human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-lacking Acinetobacter baumannii Δ lpxC . Bacillimidazole G also lowered MICs of colistin, a Gram-negative antibiotic, up to 8-fold against wild-type Escherichia coli MG1655 and A. baumannii . We propose a biosynthetic pathway to the characterized metabolites based on precursor-feeding studies, a chemical biological approach, biomimetic total synthesis, and a biosynthetic gene knockout method.

The Wnt pathway is frequently dysregulated in many cancers, underscoring it as a therapeutic target. Wnt inhibitors have uniformly failed in clinical trials. Here, we report a mechanism of WNT pathway activation through the Semaphorin 3 C neurodevelopmental program in glioma stem-like cells. Sema3C directs β-catenin nuclear accumulation in a Rac1-dependent process, leading to transactivation of Wnt target genes. Sema3C-driven Wnt signaling occurred despite suppression of Wnt ligand secretion, suggesting that Sema3C drives canonical Wnt signaling independent of Wnt ligand binding. In a mouse model of glioblastoma, combined depletion of Sema3C and β-catenin partner TCF1 extended animal survival more than single target inhibition alone. In human glioblastoma, Sema3C expression and Wnt pathway activation were highly concordant. Since Sema3C is frequently overexpressed in glioblastoma, Sema3C signaling may be a significant mechanism of resistance to upstream Wnt pathway inhibitors. Dual targeting of Sema3C and Wnt pathways may achieve clinically significant Wnt pathway inhibition., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Recent advancements in wearable electronic technology demand advanced power sources to be flexible, deformable, durable, and sustainable. An ionic-solution-modified conductive hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has advantages in wearable devices. However, fabricating a conductive hydrogel with better mechanical and electrical properties is still a challenge. Herein, a simple approach is developed to insert ion-rich pores inside the hydrogel, followed by ionic solution soaking. The suggested ionic conductive hydrogel is obtained by cross-linking the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC), followed by soaking in the ionic solution. Furthermore, a flexible and shape-adaptable single-electrode TENG (S-TENG) is fabricated by combinations of ionic-solution-modified dual-cross-linked CMC/PVA hydrogel and silicone rubber. Additionally, the effects of the CMC concentration, type of ionic solution, and concentration of optimized ionic solutions on the hydrogel properties and S-TENG output performance are studied systematically. The well-dispersed CMC- and PVA-based hydrogel provides ion-rich pores with high ion migration, leading to enhanced conductivity. The fabricated S-TENG delivers maximum output performance in terms of voltage, current, and charge density of ∼584 V, 25 μA, and 120 μC/m 2 , respectively. The rectified S-TENG-generated energy is used to charge capacitors and to power a portable electronic display. In addition to energy harvesting, the S-TENG is successfully demonstrated as a touch sensor that can automatically control the light and the speaker based on human motions. This investigation provides a deep insight into the influence of the hydrogel on the device performance and gives a guidance for designing and fabrication of highly flexible and stretchable TENGs.

Background: As ambulatory total knee arthroplasty (TKA) becomes increasingly common, unplanned admission after surgery presents a challenge for the health care system. Studies evaluating the reasons and risk factors for this occurrence are limited. We sought to evaluate the reasons for unplanned admission after surgery and identify risk factors associated with this occurrence., Methods: Patients registered in an institutional ambulatory joint arthroplasty program who underwent a TKA from 2017-2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The criteria for enrollment include candidates for unilateral TKA between the ages of 18 and 70 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 35, and appropriate social and material support at home. Patients who had certain comorbidities including coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and opioid dependence were not eligible. A total of 274 patients who underwent TKA with planned same-day discharge (SDD) were identified in the medical record and reviewed. In this cohort, 140 patients (51.1%) were discharged on the day of surgery and 134 patients (48.9%) required a minimum 1-night admission. Demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative data were collected. Factors associated with failed SDD were identified using multivariate logistic regression., Results: The most common reasons for failed SDD were failure to meet ambulation goals (25%) and logistical issues related to a late-day case (19%). Risk factors for failed SDD include general anesthesia (odds ratio (OR) 12.60, P = .047), procedure start time after 11:00 am (OR 5.16, P < .001), highest postoperative pain score >8 (visual analogue scale, OR 5.78, P = .001). Willingness to accept a higher pain threshold before discharge (visual analogue scale 4 to 10) was associated with successful SDD (OR 3.0, P < .001). Age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification were not associated with failed SDD., Conclusions: The most common reasons for failed SDD were related to logistical issues and postoperative mobilization. Risk factors for failed SDD involve case timing and pain control. Modifiable perioperative factors may play an important role in successful SDD after TKA., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Constitutive activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is crucial for tumor growth and progression. As such, this pathway has been an enticing target for drug discovery. Although HS-173 is a potent PI3K inhibitor that halts cancer cell proliferation via G2/M cell cycle arrest, the resistance mechanisms to HS-173 have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of HS-173 to efflux mediated by the multidrug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2, which are two of the most well-known ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters associated with the development of cancer multidrug resistance (MDR). We found that the overexpression of ABCB1 or ABCG2 significantly reduced the efficacy of HS-173 in human cancer cells. Our data show that the intracellular accumulation of HS-173 was substantially reduced by ABCB1 and ABCG2, affecting G2/M arrest and apoptosis induced by HS-173. More importantly, the efficacy of HS-173 in multidrug-resistant cancer cells could be recovered by inhibiting the drug-efflux function of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Taken together, our study has demonstrated that HS-173 is a substrate for both ABCB1 and ABCG2, resulting in decreased intracellular concentration of this drug, which may have implications for its clinical use.

The orientation characteristics of FNLC-919, a new material with a ferroelectric nematic phase at room temperature, were investigated. Its alignment characteristics varied greatly depending on the relative rubbing direction on both substrates of a liquid crystal cell. In a cell where the two substrates were rubbed in the same direction, they were arranged homogeneously along the rubbing direction without domains or defects in the ferroelectric nematic phase. In a cell where the two substrates were rubbed in the anti-parallel direction, the two domains were twisted in the opposite direction. We quantitatively obtained the twisted direction and angle by matching the experimental data and calculation results using Jones matrix calculations. From the electro-optical experiment, it was confirmed that the polarization direction was opposite to the rubbing direction. In addition, the wavelength and temperature dependence of birefringence was measured for FNLC-919. In a cell where the rubbing direction between two substrates was 90°, two domains of opposite directions were observed in the nematic phase. When it becomes a ferroelectric nematic phase on cooling, the twist is determined to be only in one direction. The twist direction and angle were quantitatively obtained in the nematic and ferroelectric nematic phases. It was twisted more in the ferroelectric nematic phase than in the nematic phase.

Magnesium (Mg) has many unique properties suitable for applications in the fields of energy conversion and storage. These fields presently rely on noble metals for efficient performance. However, among other challenges, noble metals have low natural abundance, which undermines their sustainability. Mg has a high negative standard reduction potential and a unique crystal structure, and its low melting point at 650 °C makes it a good candidate to replace or supplement numerous other metals in various energy applications. These attractive features are particularly helpful for improving the properties and limits of materials in energy systems. However, knowledge of Mg and its practical uses is still limited, despite recent studies which have reported Mg's key roles in synthesizing new structures and modifying the chemical properties of materials. At present, information about Mg chemistry has been rather scattered without any organized report. The present review highlights the chemistry of Mg and its uses in energy applications such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and secondary batteries, among others. Future perspectives on the development of Mg-based materials are further discussed to identify the challenges that need to be addressed.

In the United States, an individual's access to resources, insurance status, and wealth are critical social determinants that affect both the risk and outcomes of many diseases. One disease for which the correlation with socioeconomic status (SES) is less well-characterized is glioblastoma (GBM), a devastating brain malignancy. The aim of this study was to review the current literature characterizing the relationship between area-level SES and both GBM incidence and prognosis in the United States. A query of multiple databases was performed to identify the existing data on SES and GBM incidence or prognosis. Papers were filtered by relevant terms and topics. A narrative review was then constructed to summarize the current body of knowledge on this topic. We obtained a total of three papers that analyze SES and GBM incidence, which all report a positive correlation between area-level SES and GBM incidence. In addition, we found 14 papers that focus on SES and GBM prognosis, either overall survival or GBM-specific survival. Those studies that analyze data from greater than 1,530 patients report a positive correlation between area-level SES and individual prognosis, while those with smaller study populations report no significant relationship. Our report underlines the strong association between SES and GBM incidence and highlights the need for large study populations to assess SES and GBM prognosis to ideally guide interventions that improve outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine underlying socio-economic stresses on GBM risk and outcomes to identify opportunities for intervention., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Gorenflo, Shen, Murphy, Cullen and Yu.)

This study validates the beneficial role of residual Li compounds on the surface of Ni-rich cathode materials (LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 , NCM). Residual Li compounds on Ni-rich NCM are naturally formed during the synthesis procedure, which degrades the initial Coulombic efficiency and generates slurry gelation during electrode fabrication in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) using liquid electrolytes. To solve this problem, washing pretreatment is usually introduced to remove residual Li compounds on the NCM surface. In contrast to LIBs, we found that residual Li compounds can serve as a functional layer that suppresses the interfacial side reactions of the NCM in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). The formation of resistive phosphate-based compounds from the undesirable side reaction during the initial charging step is suppressed by the residual Li compounds on the surface of the NCM, thereby reducing polarization growth in ASSBs and enhancing rate performances. The advantageous effects of the intrinsic residual Li compounds on the NCM surface suggest that the essential washing process of the NCM for the liquid-based LIB system should be reconsidered for ASSB systems.

In order to achieve a sustainable future, researchers must continue to research improved electrode materials. Considering the high electronic conductivity, versatile redox activity, and enhanced energy storage performance, nanostructures have been employed as a novel electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors. Herein, carbon-coated selenium-rich trimetallic selenide (Cu 2 NiSnSe 4 @C) nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient electrode material in energy storage devices are prepared. The prepared core-shell Cu 2 NiSnSe 4 @C NPs electrode is employed as an anode material for LIBs, which demonstrated a high reversible specific capacity of 988.46 mA h g -1 over 100 cycles at 0.1 A g -1 with good rate capability. Additionally, the core-shell Cu 2 NiSnSe 4 @C NPs electrode exhibited an outstanding capacity of 202.5 mA h g -1 at 5 A g -1 even after 10 000 cycles. Exploiting the synergistic characteristics, the core-shell Cu 2 NiSnSe 4 @C NPs material is also investigated as a battery-type electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor with Cu 2 NiSnSe 4 @C NPs and activated carbon showed excellent rate capability including high power (5597.77 W kg -1 ) and energy (64.26 Wh kg -1 ) densities. Considering the simple synthesis and enhanced energy storage properties, carbon-coated selenium-rich trimetallic selenide can be used as a durable electrode material for practical energy storage devices., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Emerging evidences about gut-microbial modulation have been accumulated in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum on the NAFLD pathology and explore the molecular mechanisms based on multi-omics approaches. Human stool analysis [healthy subjects ( n  = 25) and NAFLD patients ( n  = 32)] was performed to select NAFLD-associated microbiota. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal chow diet (NC), Western diet (WD), and WD with B. breve (BB) or B. longum (BL; 109 CFU/g) for 8 weeks. Liver/body weight ratio, histopathology, serum/tool analysis, 16S rRNA-sequencing, and metabolites were examined and compared. The BB and BL groups showed improved liver histology and function based on liver/body ratios (WD 7.07 ± 0.75, BB 5.27 ± 0.47, and BL 4.86 ± 0.57) and NAFLD activity scores (WD 5.00 ± 0.10, BB 1.89 ± 1.45, and BL 1.90 ± 0.99; p  < 0.05). Strain treatment showed ameliorative effects on gut barrier function. Metagenomic analysis showed treatment-specific changes in taxonomic composition. The community was mainly characterized by the significantly higher composition of the Bacteroidetes phylum among the NC and probiotic-feeding groups. Similarly, the gut metabolome was modulated by probiotics treatment. In particular, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites were reverted to normal levels by probiotics, whereas bile acids were partially normalized to those of the NC group. The analysis of gene expression related to lipid and glucose metabolism as well as the immune response indicated the coordinative regulation of β-oxidation, lipogenesis, and systemic inflammation by probiotic treatment. BB and BL attenuate NAFLD by improving microbiome-associated factors of the gut-liver axis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yoon, Yu, Min, Gupta, Won, Park, Han, Kim, Kim, Kim, Joung, Park, Ham, Lee and Suk.)

Crystal structures determine material properties, suggesting that crystal phase transformations have the potential for application in a variety of systems and devices. Phase transitions are more likely to occur in smaller crystals; however, in quantum-sized semiconductor nanocrystals, the microscopic mechanisms by which phase transitions occur are not well understood. Herein, the phase transformation of 2D CdSe quantum nanosheets caused by off-stoichiometry is revealed, and the progress of the transformation is directly observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The initial hexagonal wurtzite-CdSe nanosheets with atomically uniform thickness are transformed into cubic zinc blende-CdSe nanosheets. A combined experimental and theoretical study reveals that electron-beam irradiation can change the stoichiometry of the nanosheets, thereby triggering phase transformation. The loss of Se atoms induces the reconstruction of surface atoms, driving the transformation from wurtzite-CdSe(11 2 ¯ $\bar{2}$ 0) to zinc blende-CdSe(001) 2D nanocrystals. Furthermore, during the phase transformation, unconventional dynamic phenomena occur, including domain separation. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the phase transformations in 2D quantum-sized semiconductor nanocrystals., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZiBs) towards practical implementations is hampered by unsuitable host cathode materials. Herein, we reported a high-capacity, stable, and long-cycle-life (10 000 cycles) oxygenated copper vanadium selenide composite material (Cu 0.59 V 2 O 5 /Cu 0.828 V 2 O 5 @Cu 1.8 Se 1 /Cu 3 Se 2 , denoted as O-CuVSe) as a cathode for AZiBs. The newly constructed O-CuVSe composite cathode can be operated in the wide potential window of 0.4-2.0 V, exhibiting a high specific capacity of 154 mA h g -1 at 0.2 A g -1 over 100 cycles. Interestingly, the O-CuVSe composite cathode delivered excellent specific capacities of 117 and 101.4 mA h g -1 over 1000 cycles at 1 and 2 A g -1 , respectively. Even at a high current density of 5 A g -1 , the cathode delivered a high reversible capacity of 74.5 mA h g -1 over an ultra-long cycling life of 10 000 cycles with no obvious capacity fading. Apart from this, the cathode exhibited excellent rate capability at different current densities. The superior electrochemical properties originate from the synergistic effects between the oxygen vacancy engineering and interlayer doping of Cu ions to increase the structural stability during the cycling, enhancing the electron/ion transport kinetics. Moreover, the Zn 2+ storage mechanism in the Zn/O-CuVSe aqueous rechargeable battery was explored. This study provides a new opportunity for the fabrication of different kinds of a new class of cathode materials for high-voltage and high-capacity AZiBs and other energy storage devices.

Brain metastases are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Historically, surgery and radiation therapy have been essential to maintaining disease control within the central nervous system due to poorly penetrant conventional chemotherapy. With the advent of targeted therapy against actionable driver mutations, there is potential to control limited and asymptomatic intracranial disease and delay local therapy until progression. In this review paper, intracranial response rates and clinical outcomes to biological and immune therapies are summarized from the literature and appraised to assist clinical decision making and identify areas for further research. Future clinical trials ought to prioritize patient-centered quality of life and neurocognitive measures as major outcomes and specifically stratify patients based on mutational marker status, disease burden, and symptom acuity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Billena, Lobbous, Cordova, Peereboom, Torres-Trejo, Chan, Murphy, Chao, Suh and Yu.)

We report the first highly enantioselective construction of silicon-stereocenters by asymmetric enamine catalysis. An unprecedented desymmetric intramolecular aldolization of prochiral siladials was thus developed for the facile access of multifunctional silicon-stereogenic silacycles in high to excellent enantioselectivity. With an enal moiety, these adducts could be readily elaborated for the diverse synthesis of silicon-stereogenic compounds, and for late-stage modification., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

We propose electro-optical synaptic devices using surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals. Typical synaptic characteristics were observed for varying pulse time intervals, numbers of pulses, and signal voltages. Plasticity only occurred when pulses were applied at intervals shorter than the response time of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. Moreover, the plasticity increased with a higher pulse voltage and number of pulses. This demonstrates the importance of repeated learning. The synaptic weights required to make connections through learning in an artificial neural network can be determined by tuning the pulse signal. We discuss the high-speed computational potential of optical neuromorphic devices using liquid crystals.

"Good code" is often regarded as a nebulous, impractical ideal. Common best practices toward improving code quality can be inaccessible to those without a rigorous computer science or software engineering background, contributing to a gap between advancing scientific research and FAIR practices. We seek to equip researchers with the necessary background and context to tackle the challenge of improving code quality in computational biology research using analogies from biology to synthesize why certain best practices are critical for advancing computational research. Improving code quality requires active stewardship; we encourage researchers to deliberately adopt and share practices that ensure reusability, repeatability, and reproducibility., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.S.Y. is Scientist at the Allen Institute for Cell Science. N.B. is Adjunct Associate Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Northwestern University and Sr. Advisor of Modeling, Dissemination, and Alliances at the Allen Institute for Cell Science., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Bivalent freeze-dried neurotoxic (FN) antivenom has been the primary treatment since the 1980s for Taiwan cobra ( Naja atra ) envenomation in Taiwan. However, envenomation-related wound necrosis is a significant problem after cobra snakebites. In the present study, we analyzed the changes in serum venom concentration before and after antivenom administration to discover their clinical implications and the surgical treatment options for wound necrosis., Methods: The patients were divided into limb swelling and wound necrosis groups. The clinical outcome was that swelling started to subside 12 hours after antivenom treatment in the first group. Serum venom concentrations before and after using antivenoms were measured to assess the antivenom's ability to neutralize the circulating cobra venom. The venom levels in wound wet dressing gauzes, blister fluids, and debrided tissues were also investigated to determine their clinical significance. We also observed the evolutional changes of wound necrosis and chose a better wound debridement timing., Results: We prospectively enrolled 15 Taiwan cobra snakebite patients. Males accounted for most of this study population (n = 11, 73%). The wound necrosis group received more antivenom doses than the limb swelling group (4; IQR:2-6 vs 1; IQR:1-2, p = 0.05), and less records of serum venom concentrations changed before/after antivenom use (p = 0.0079). The necrotic wound site may release venom into circulation and cause more severe envenomation symptoms. Antivenom can efficiently diminish limb swelling in cobra bite patients. However, antivenom cannot reduce wound necrosis. Patients with early debridement of wound necrosis had a better limb outcome, while late or without debridement may have long-term hospital stay and distal limb morbidity., Conclusions: Antivenom can efficiently eliminate the circulating cobra venom in limb swelling patients without wound necrosis. Early debridement of the bite site wound and wet dressing management are suggestions for preventing extended tissue necrosis and hospital stay., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Naïve T cells become effector T cells following stimulation by antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and sequential cytokine activation. We aimed to develop procedures to efficiently activate T cells with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells. To remove antigen presentation outside of the immunosuppressive tumor milieu, three different glioma stem cell (GSC) specific antigen sources to load DCs were compared in their ability to stimulate lymphocytes. An activated T cell (ATC) protocol including cytokine activation and expansion in culture to target GSCs was generated and optimized for a planned phase I clinical trial. We compared three different antigen-loading methods on DCs to effectively activate T cells, which were GBM patient-derived GSC-lysate, acid-eluate of GSCs and synthetic peptides derived from proteins expressed in GSCs. DCs derived from HLA-A2 positive blood sample were loaded with TAAs. Autologous T cells were activated by co-culturing with loaded DCs. Efficiency and cytotoxicity of ATCs were evaluated by targeting TAA-pulsed DCs or T2 cells, GSCs, or autologous PHA-blasts. Characteristics of ATCs were evaluated by Flow Cytometry and ELISpot assay, which showed increased number of ATCs secreting IFN-γ targeting GSCs as compared with non-activated T cells and unloaded target cells. Neither GSC-lysate nor acid-eluate loading showed enhancement in response of ATCs but the synthetic peptide pool showed significantly increased IFN-γ secretion and increased cytotoxicity towards target cells. These results demonstrate that ATCs activated using a TAA synthetic peptide pool efficiently enhance cytotoxicity specifically to target cells including GSC., (© 2023. The Author(s).)