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Barium Yttrium Borate Ba3Y(BO3)3 was prepared using high-temperature solid state reaction at 800°C. X-ray diffraction technique was used to confirm the crystal structure of the prepared host material Ba3Y(BO3)3. It was doped with Europium and Terbium. The doping concentration was changed as 1%, 2%, 5% and 7% mol.% in the Barium Yttrium Borate sample. FESEM analysis showed the formation of hexagonal molecular clusters of some nanometre range. The photoluminescence behaviour of all samples was studied in detail. Optimum PL intensity was recorded for 2 mol.% of Eu3+ doped in Ba3Y(BO3)3. CIE coordinates obtained for 7 mol.% doped in Ba3Y(BO3)3 showed better chromaticity near standard values as per the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Using testing tools, such as SEM, the morphology of the prepared sample was examined. The red emission colour is due to transitions $ ^5{\textrm{D}_0} \to {}^7{\textrm{F}_1} $ 5 D 0 → 7 F 1 and $ ^5{\textrm{D}_0} \to {}^7{\textrm{F}_2} $ 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 , resulting in emitted wavelengths of 594 and 612 nm in Ba3Y(BO3)3:Eu3+, respectively. The emission wavelengths of 543 nm and 551 nm are due to a transition $ ^5{\textrm{D}_4} \to {}^7{\textrm{F}_5} $ 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 taking place in Ba3Y(BO3)3:Tb3+. This luminescent material could also be used as a downconverter material for different types of solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to the preparation and characterization of silver sulfide (Ag2S) nanoparticles and used as an adsorbent for the separation and purification of Zr(IV), Y(III), and Sr(II) as a simulation mode for the purification of 89Zr from its parents (Y or Sr) and separation of 90Y from its parent Sr using batch and dynamic conditions. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm for Ag2S is of type IV with a specific surface area (222 ± 0.4 m2/g). The surface is homogeneous texture in which connected channels of diameter 8.3 µm with embedded lamellar structures and the average nanoparticle sizes of 42 ± 3 nm. Ag2S nanoparticles sorbent material shows high selectivity for Zr(IV) from 0.01 M HCl with fast kinetics while 67.2% of Y(III) was removed at pH 4.5 and Sr(II) ions are nil. The adsorption process is exothermic and the intra-particle diffusion and film diffusion were involved in the adsorption mechanism. Also, the separation process was achieved using the column technique with a purity of 100% using different concentrations of HNO3 as eluent. Silver sulfide as an adsorbent material shows a promising potential with high sensitivity for separation and purification trace of Zr, Y, and Sr ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New silanediamide complexes of rare-earth elements are synthesized: [{Dy(Me2Si(NMes)2)(THF)2}2(μ-Cl)2] (Dy1), [{Ln(Me2Si(NMes)2)(THF)2}2(μ-BH4)2] (Ln2, Ln = Y, Dy), and [{Ln(Me2Si(NMes)2)(THF)2}2 (μ-SPh)2] (Ln3, Ln = Y, Tb, Dy), Mes = 2,4,6-(CH3)C6H2=mesityl. The compounds are isolated as crystalline phases Dy1, Ln2 (Ln = Y, Dy), Y3·2THF, Tb3·2C7H8, Dy3·2THF, and Dy3·2C7H8 and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes have a binuclear structure; a silanediamide ligand is chelated to each Ln atom, and Cl–, , or SPh– act as bridges. By photoluminescence spectroscopy of the solutions of Tb and Dy complexes in THF it is shown that (Me2Si(NMes)2)2– is an effective ligand antenna, which sensitizes metal-centered emission of these lanthanides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

natY was irradiated with 34 MeV α-particles to produce 90Nb. Separation of 90Nb from bulk yttrium target was carried out using two naturally occurring alkaloids namely caffeine extracted from black tea leaves and piperine extracted from black pepper, both of which are commonly used in everyday household. In both the cases, SLX was opted as caffeine was insoluble in 2 M Na2SO4 and piperine in HCl of varying concentration. 90Nb was preferentially extracted by caffeine and piperine precipitate and bulk yttrium remained in supernatant. DFT calculations suggest the preferential binding of 90Nb to different binding sites on caffeine and piperine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new mineral species, yuchuanite-(Y), ideally Y2(CO3)3·H2O, has been discovered and characterized in the Yushui Cu deposit in South China. The mineral occurs in bedded/massive ore and is associated with bornite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bastnäsite-(Y), xenotime-(Y), anhydrite, and quartz. Individual crystals range in size from 30 to 300 μm. No twinning is observed. The mineral is colorless and transparent with a vitreous luster. The calculated density is 3.62 g/cm3. An electron microprobe analysis yields the empirical formula (based on 10 O apfu), (Y1.61Yb0.11Er0.11Dy0.08Ho0.03 Gd0.02Tm0.02)Σ1.99(CO3)3·H2O. Yuchuanite-(Y) is triclinic, with space group P 1 ¯ (# 2) , Z = 6, and unit-cell parameters a = 6.2134(3) Å, b = 8.9697(3) Å, c = 19.9045(7) Å, α = 91.062(3)°, β = 90.398(3)°, γ = 91.832(3)°, and V = 1108.54(8) Å3. The structure is constructed from (110) sheets of eight-coordinated Y polyhedra and C trigonal planar groups. All Y polyhedra are linked by shared edges. The Y atoms occupy six independent crystallographic sites of two different coordination types: [YO7(H2O)] and [YO8]. The chemical composition of yuchuanite-(Y) is similar to tengerite-(Y), Y2(CO3)3·2–3H2O, but is distinct in the crystal structure, such as crystal system, space group, and unit cell, from that of tengerite-(Y). The Y polyhedra of tengerite-(Y) are nine-coordinated, while those of yuchuanite-(Y) are eight-coordinated. Moreover, their structures could be both described as sheet structures built up from Y polyhedra and CO3 trigonal planar groups but link together in significantly different ways. Thus, yuchuanite-(Y) is not a polytype of tengerite-(Y) but is an independent mineral species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salt metathesis reactions of equimolar amounts of potassium carbazolide Bu4tCarbK (Bu4tCarb is 1,3,6,8-tetra-tert-butylcarbazolyl) with solvent-free rare-earth metal iodides LnI3 (Ln = Y, Dy) in toluene at 100 °C afforded the corresponding half-sandwich carbazolyl iodide complexes [(Bu4tCarb)Ln(μ2-I)2]3. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the yttrium compound has a cyclic trinuclear structure that is formed through μ2-bridging iodide ligands connecting Y3+ cations. The metal atom is coordinated by the carbazolyl ligand in a η5 fashion. Under similar conditions, the salt metathesis reaction of Bu4tCarbK with DyI3(THF)3.5 gave the monomeric half-sandwich carbazolyl iodide complex (Bu4tCarb)DyI2(THF)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste cathode ray tubes (CRT) containing a high quantity of yttrium and europium have great potential for the resource circulation of rare earths through an efficient recycling process. This study examined how the removal of zinc from a CRT that had been microwave-roasted at various temperatures (600–800°C) affected the various mineral phases of rare earths. The parameters like acid medium, concentration, temperature, and time were varied to yield about 99% leaching efficiency using 2.0 mol/L HCl at 5% pulp density for 60 min of leaching performed at 90°C. The apparent activation energy values (Ea(Y), 22.1 kJ/mol, and Ea(Eu), 16.7 kJ/mol) show that the leaching follows an intermediate-controlled mechanism by following the logarithmic rate law. Finally, the mixed oxalate precipitation at the stoichiometric ratio of REE3+:C2O42– = 1:1.5 gave high-purity (Y,Eu)2(C2O4)3 salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of adding different contents of yttrium (Y) during vacuum induction melting in Al2O3 and Y2O3 crucibles on the purification of DD5 alloys was investigated. The results show that the Y2O3 crucible exhibited great crucible stability and an excellent desulfurization effect when melting a Y-containing DD5 alloy. The S content of the alloy was reduced from 5.03 ppm to 1.36 ppm with the addition of 0.50 wt.% Y. Element Y combined with free S in the melt to form the YS phase, which was removed from the condensate shell and slag during the vacuum induction melting (VIM) process. Meanwhile, when the alloy was melted in the Y2O3 crucible with 0.50 wt.% Y addition, there was a reduction in S content from 2.77 ppm to 1.36 ppm compared to the Al2O3 crucible. Additionally, the loss of Y decreased from 0.12 wt.% to 0.05 wt.%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption, electrokinetic and stability properties of yttrium(III) oxide—Y2O3 in mixed solutions of macromolecular compounds were investigated. The interfacial behavior of poly(acrylic acid)-PAA and poly(ethylene glycol)—PEG in single and binary systems was examined in the pH range 3–10. The polymers used were characterized by different ionic nature—the PAA is an anionic polymer, whereas PEG belongs to the group of non-ionic polymers. Based on the results obtained, the most probable mechanisms for the binding of PAA and PEG macromolecules on the yttrium(III) oxide surface were proposed. In addition, the analysis of adsorption and electrokinetic data enabled explanation of the obtained changes in the stability of Y2O3 suspensions without and in the presence of PAA or/and PEG, as well as determination of the specific stabilization-destabilization mechanisms of the studied systems. It was shown that yttrium(III) oxide modification by mixed adsorption layers of both polymers with different ionic character changes considerably the surface and stability properties of the examined solid suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel ferrites have been gaining stupendous interest in science and technology due to their multifunctional properties. Herein, we have reported the synthesis of yttrium-doped magnesium ferrite, MgFe2−xYxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.04 and 0.08), via the sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that the synthesized ferrites have crystallized in the cubic spinel phase. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) reveal the characteristic vibrational bands corresponding to metal-oxygen stretching between 561 and 566 cm−1 and 427–429 cm−1. Y3+ doping demonstrates a drop in bandgap energy of MgFe2O4, extending their absorption into the visible region. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra disclose the efficient charge carrier separation of Y3+ -doped MgFe2O4. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images illustrate their aggregated morphology, while energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis clarifies the successful insertion of Y3+ ions into the MgFe2O4 lattice. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis reveals an escalation in porosity and textural characteristics. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) indicates that Y3+ ion substitution reduces saturation magnetization and coercivity in pure MgFe2O4. The photocatalytic efficacy of MgFe2−xYxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.04 and 0.08) was tested against methylene blue (MB) dye under direct sunlight. The results indicate that their efficiency magnifies with the rising Y3+ concentration and attains a maximum degrading capacity of 86% in a short period of 35 min. The Y3+-doped MgFe2O4 nanoferrites prove themselves as outstanding photocatalysts, exhibiting extraordinary properties like easy magnetic recovery, reusability and cost-effectiveness, serving as potential candidates for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the impact of the sintering temperature and co-dopant contents on the microstructure and dielectric properties of (Y0.5Nb0.5)xTi1−xO2 (0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramics synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The physical mechanism underlying the colossal electric permittivity was systematically investigated with experimental methods and first principles calculations. All specimens exhibited the characteristic tetragonal structure of rutile, besides secondary phases. A niobium- and yttrium-rich secondary phase emerged at the grain boundaries after heating at 1500 °C, changing the main sintering mechanism. The highest value of the electric permittivity (13499 @ 60 °C and 10 kHz) was obtained for (Y0.5Nb0.5)0.05Ti0.95O2 sintered at 1480 °C, and the lowest dissipation factor (0.21@ 60 °C and 10 kHz) for (Y0.5Nb0.5)0.1Ti0.90O2 sintered at 1500 °C. The dielectric properties of Y3+ and Nb5+ co-doped TiO2 are attributed to the internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) and electron-pinned dipole defect (EPDD) mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexation behavior of 3,3'‐silyl‐substituted ortho‐terphenoxide ligands o‐C6H4(C6H2‐2‐OH‐3‐SiR3‐5‐Me)2 (SiR3= SiPh3, SiMePh2, SiMe3, Sit‐BuMe2) with a range of yttrium, titanium, niobium and tantalum precursors was examined. The complexation of the ligands with [Y(N(SiHMe2)2)3(THF)2] yielded monomeric complexes, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography for the methyldiphenylsilyl‐ and tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐substituted complex. The triphenylsilyl‐substituted yttrium bis(dimethylsilyl)amido complex showed good activity in the intramolecular hydroamination reaction of aminoalkenes. Complexation with Ti(NMe2)4 yielded a mixture of products, depending on the silyl substituents and the solvent used for complexation. A mono‐ligated bimetallic titanium complex and a bisligated titanium complex were analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. Complexation with M(NMe2)5 (M=Nb, Ta) produced the corresponding monomeric ortho‐terphenoxide complexes as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray structure analysis of a niobium complex and 3 tantalum complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic properties of packed bed reactors filled with Y(OTf)3 immobilised onto functionalised silica have been tested in the Michael addition of indoles to benzylidene malonates under flow conditions, providing improved productivity over the batch conditions, a greater ease of recovery of the final products and a prolonged life of the catalyst. Noteworthy, the same catalytic reactor, after being used for five days, was employed to perform a different reaction, a stereoselective Diels Alder cycloaddition in flow, with a 24 times higher productivity compared to the in‐batch reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though phase-change materials (PCMs) are regarded as constituent part of next-generation phase-change memory and other unfolding optoelectronic applications, the kinetics study of glass transition and crystallization, significant property in switching remains obscure in high-temperature region. Hence, this paper reports the investigation of glass transition and crystallization kinetics of Te (1-x) (GeSe 0.5)Y x (TGSY) chalcogenide glass using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at heating rates 5, 10, 15, 20 °C/min. The effect of increasing Y quantity has been described by connecting structural relaxation kinematics during glass transition phenomena and devitrification while crystallization in chalcogenide glasses with their varied physicochemical characteristics. The inclusion of Y causes a discernible rise in the crystallization rate. The system is compatible with a strong glass-forming liquid, according to the Te (1-x) (GeSe 0.5) Y x material fragility index. According to the average values of the kinetic exponent factors, there is heterogeneous nucleation for the investigated composition, which is subsequently followed by a two- or three-dimensional crystal growth phenomenon. Different glass stability criteria have been discussed based on the relationship between the characteristic temperatures. The C ZW and C LX criteria were found to be inappropriate for discussing glass stability (GS) for the studied compositions based on the heating rate and composition dependencies of all criteria. The C YL criteria of Yuan et al. is the finest and it demonstrates the optimal ability for evaluating the GS, according to the data that was extracted from several GS criteria and their relative change parameters. By adding Y, thermal stability parameter and enthalpy emitted during the transition of glass and crystalline phases have been found to have an inverse relationship. All studied properties can conclude the application of studied material in phase-change material devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination polymerization of renewable β-ocimene has been investigated using asymmetric diiminophosphinate lutetium complex 1, β-diketiminate yttrium complex 2, bis(phosphino)carbazolide yttrium complex 3, half-sandwich benzyl fluorenyl scandium complex 4 and pyridyl-methylene-fluorenyl rare-metal complexes 5a–5c. Complexes 1, 4 and 5a–5c show trans-1,2-regioselectivities and high activities, of which 5c exhibits excellent isoselectivity (mmmm>99%). Conversely, complexes 2 and 3 promote β-ocimene polymerization to produce isotactic cis-1,4-polyocimenes (cis-1,4>99%, mm>95%). Diblock copolymers cis-1,4-PIP-block-cis-1,4-POc and cis-1,4-PBD-block-cis-1,4-POc are obtained in one-pot reactions of β-ocimene with isoprene and butadiene using complex 3. Epoxidation and hydroxylation of polyocimene afford functionalized polyolefins with enhanced Tg (from −20 °C to 79 °C and 74 °C) and hydrophilicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of yttrium 90 radioembolization (Y90-RE) in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has recently gained attention. However, it is unclear how sequencing and dosage affect therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model to simulate the synergistic effects of Y90-RE and ICI combination therapy and find the optimal treatment sequences and dosages. We generated a hypothetical patient cohort and conducted simulations to apply different treatments to the same patient. The compartment of models is described with ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which represent targeted tumors, non-targeted tumors, and lymphocytes. We considered Y90-RE as a local treatment and ICIs as a systemic treatment. The model simulations show that Y90-RE and ICIs administered simultaneously yield greater benefits than subsequent sequential therapy. In addition, applying Y90-RE before ICIs has more benefits than applying ICIs before Y90-RE. Moreover, we also observed that the median PFS increased up to 31~36 months, and the DM rates at 3 years decreased up to 36~48% as the dosage of the two drugs increased (p < 0.05). The proposed model predicts a significant benefit of Y90-RE with ICIs from the results of the reduced irradiated tumor burden and the associated immune activation and suppression. Our model is expected to help optimize complex strategies and predict the efficacy of clinical trials for HCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the First-principle calculation method, the models of intrinsic graphene, vacancy graphene and yttrium (Y) doped vacancy graphene were established. The adsorption processes of CO and NO on the surface of the above mentioned three types of graphene were calculated. The influence of doping Y on the adsorption performance of CO and NO gas was studied from surface energy, adsorption structure, adsorption energy and state density. The results showed that the adsorptions of CO, NO on intrinsic graphene are weak physical adsorptions. After Doping Y, the adsorption effect of CO and NO on its surface are markedly enhanced, and the maximum adsorption energies are 7.414 eV and 6.702 eV respectively, and the adsorption type changed to chemical adsorption. The doping Y increases the number of active electrons near the Fermi level of the vacancy graphene, and the system changes from semi-metal to metal after NO adsorption, which can provide theoretical support for the development of better graphene gas sensitive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using first-principles calculations, the different doping structures and electronic properties of Y atom on anatase TiO2 (101) surface were carefully studied to improve the photocatalytic activity of the surface. The results show that when Y atom is adsorbed on stoichiometric anatase TiO2 (101) surface, the most stable adsorption site is between two 3-fold coordinated oxygen atoms. Meanwhile, when Y atom on anatase TiO2 (101) surface with subsurface oxygen vacancy, the most stable adsorption site is between two 3-fold coordinated oxygen atoms that neighboring subsurface oxygen vacancy. In contrast, when Y atom on anatase TiO2 (101) surface with surface oxygen vacancy, the most stable adsorption site is on the top of 3-fold coordinated titanium that neighboring surface oxygen vacancy. The charge density results show that Y atom can be stably adsorbed on anatase TiO2 (101) surface. Furthermore, the density of states results show Y doped on the surface with surface oxygen vacancy can suppress the band gap from 1.67 eV to 1.44 eV, and induce extra impurity energy levels, which cause a fractional transition of electrons and improve surface photocatalytic ability. This study provides theoretical support for enhancing the surface photocatalytic ability of TiO2 (101) by single atom Y doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The addition of at least 0.25 at.% Sr to Mg–Zn–Y alloys increased ignition temperature. • A thin and uniform Y 2 O 3 film formed on Mg–Zn–Y alloys containing at least 0.25 at.% Sr. • Sr was enriched in the Y 2 O 3 film and an outer protective MgO+SrO film was formed. • Strong compressive stresses acted on both MgO and SrO in the MgO+SrO film. Mg 97 Zn 1 Y 2 alloys with high ignition temperatures were developed by adding Sr. The addition of Sr resulted in the formation of a uniform and thin Y 2 O 3 film. Mg–Zn–Y alloys containing at least 0.25 at.% Sr exhibited ignition temperatures of 1270–1320 K. As a result of EDS measurement, Sr was found to be concentrated in the Y 2 O 3 film. In addition, a mixed film of MgO and SrO formed on the outer layer in the 1.5 at.% Sr-containing Mg 97 Zn 1 Y 2 alloy. These findings suggest that the uniform and thin Y 2 O 3 film that maintains high soundness at high temperatures was formed owing to valence control and the formation of a protective outer oxide film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The repair and regeneration of bone defects are highly challenging orthopedic problems. Recently, Mg-based implants have gained popularity due to their unique biodegradation and elastic modulus similar to that of human bone. The aim of our study is to develop a magnesium alloy with a controllable degradation that can closely match bone tissue to help injuries heal in vivo and avoid cytotoxicity caused by a sudden increase in ion concentration. In this study, we prepared and modified Mg-3 Zn, Mg-3Zn-1Y, and Mg-2Zn-1Mn by hot extrusion, and used Mg-2.5Y-2.5Nd was as a control. We then investigated the effect of additions of Y and Mn on alloys' properties. Our results show that Mn and Y can improve not only compression strength but also corrosion resistance. The alloy Mg-2Zn-1Mn demonstrated good cytocompatibility in vitro , and for this reason we selected it for implantation in vivo. The degraded Mg-2Zn-1Mn implanted a bone defect area did not cause obvious rejection and inflammatory reaction, and the degradation products left no signs of damage to the heart, liver, kidney, or brain. Furthermore, we find that Mg-2Zn-1Mn can promote an osteoinductive response in vivo and the formation of bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten and its alloys are widely recognized as key components in high-temperature environments. In this study, self-passivating W-Si-xY alloys with varying Y content were prepared using mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The synergistic effects of Y content and milling time on the microstructures and oxidation resistance of the alloys were revealed. This study found that the oxidation resistance of the alloys increased as the Y content increased. However, the effect of milling time on oxidation resistance was complex. For W-Si-xY alloys with low Y content (0Y and 2Y), the oxidation resistance decreased with increasing milling time. In contrast, for W-Si-xY alloys with high Y content (4Y and 6Y), the oxidation resistance increased with increasing milling time. This enhanced oxidation resistance is due to the microstructural changes in the protective composite layer, including the size and distribution of W5Si3, Y2Si2O7 aggregates, and W-Y-O melt. The thickness of the oxide layer on the W-Si-6Y alloy after being oxidized at 1000 °C for 2 h was only 70.7 μm, demonstrating its superior oxidation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

REY‐rich mud, consisting of deep‐sea sediments with high concentrations of rare‐earth elements and yttrium (REY), holds significant economic potential. Many studies have been conducted on biogenic apatite, ferromanganese micronodule, and phillipsite within these deposits to ascertain the REY enrichment mechanisms. However, the knowledge of clay minerals in REY‐rich mud, which is the predominant component of pelagic sediments, is still limited. In this study, two adjacent gravity cores (core GC02: REY‐rich mud; core GC03: typical sediments of equatorial Pacific) were collected from the Clarion‐Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) of the Eastern Pacific to study the role of different clay minerals in REY enrichment. The clay minerals in core GC03 and core GC02 are primarily illite (averaging 60%) and smectite (averaging 63%), respectively, and the smectite in core GC02 was mainly Fe‐rich, which was probably formed via the reaction between opal and FeOOH. Moreover, multiple studies have reported similar smectite enrichment in REY‐rich mud, suggesting that it is a common characteristic. The presumed hydrothermal or volcanic origination of smectite in REY‐rich layers of core GC02 indicates the essential role of hydrothermal and volcanic activities in REY‐rich mud formation during the Oligocene in the western CCFZ. Key Points: Smectite is likely to be commonly enriched in rare‐earth elements and yttrium (REY)‐rich mud of the PacificAuthigenic smectite probably originated from hydrothermal or volcanic activity and concentrated moderate amounts of REYThe REY‐rich mud of the western Clarion‐Clipperton Fracture Zone presumably formed through hydrothermal or volcanic activities during the Oligocene [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE. To evaluate the metameric disparities among monolithic zirconia materials with differing yttrium compositions across various lighting conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six square-shaped zirconia samples measuring 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm were prepared from monolithic zirconia materials with three different yttrium contents. A 0.2 mm thick layer of polymerized dualpolymerizable self-adhesive resin cement was created using a silicone mold with the same dimensions as the prepared zirconia specimens. To evaluate metamerism, color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer device on a neutral gray background in a color measurement cabinet that offers four different illumination environments. All samples underwent aging by subjecting them to 10000 thermal cycles using a thermal cycle tester. Following thermal aging, color measurements were taken once more, and the data were recorded using the CIE L*, a*, b* color system. Two-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Bonferroni tests were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS. It was observed that there was no statistical difference among the color measurements made in different illumination environments of the monolithic zirconia ceramics used to evaluate metamerism (P > .05). This observation remained consistent both before and after thermal aging. After thermal aging, the color of monolithic zirconia materials exhibited a tendency towards red and yellow hues, accompanied by a decrease in brightness levels. CONCLUSION. It can be stated that different illumination conditions did not affect the metamerism of monolithic zirconia materials, but there was a color change in monolithic zirconia materials after a thermal aging period equivalent to one year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the gap-to- T c ratio (R) of yttrium hydride superconductors within the weak coupling limit. We derived an analytical formula for the gap-to- T c ratio. The ratio of the gap-to- T c is dependent on the pressure applied to each superconductor. The maximum ratio, approximately 3.85, is observed in one superconductor, while the lowest ratio, roughly 3.21, is found in another superconductor. Based on the findings of our study, it can be deduced that yttrium hydride superconductors exhibit attributes commonly associated with weak-coupling superconductors. The influence of the Coulomb potential is more pronounced at a critical temperature compared to the ratio of the gap to the critical temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication presents the effect of Yttrium and Strontium doping on structural and electrocaloric characteristics of Bismuth Sodium Titanate. Bi0.25Na0.35Sr0.3Y0.1TiO3 electroceramics was synthesized by traditional solid-state mixed-oxide technique. The crystallographic phase formation was confirmed using the X-ray diffraction technique. Rietveld refinement was carried out to extract the unit cell parameters. Average particle size was estimated from the full-width half maxima of the strong XRD peak using Debye-Scherrer's equation. The temperature dependence of the maximum polarization obtained from P-E loops, the electrocaloric ability of the BNSYT is estimated by calculating the change in the entropy at a field of 6 kV/cm using the standard thermodynamics relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing a simplified quantum model approach, the low-energy inelastic collision processes between yttrium atoms (ions) and hydrogen atoms have been studied. Rate coefficients corresponding to the mutual neutralization, ion-pair formation, excitation, and de-excitation processes for the above collision systems have been provided in the temperature range of 1000–10 000 K. Three ionic states and 73 covalent states are considered in calculations for the collisions of yttrium atoms with hydrogen atoms, which include six molecular symmetries and 4074 partial inelastic reaction processes. For the collisions of yttrium ions with hydrogen atoms, one ionic state and 116 covalent states are included, which are related to three molecular symmetries and 13 572 partial inelastic collision processes. It is found that the rate coefficients for the mutual neutralization process have a maximum at T = 6000 K, which is an order of magnitude higher than those of other processes. Notably, the positions of optimal windows for the collisions of yttrium atoms and ions with hydrogen atoms are found near electronic binding energy −2 eV (Y) and −4.4 eV (Y+), respectively. The scattering channels located in or near these optimal windows have intermediate-to-large rate coefficients (greater than 10−12 cm3 s−1). The reported data should be useful in the study of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analyze the microstructure, phase composition, aging process, and a set of characteristics of the performance properties of new casting Al–4Zn–4Mg–4Cu–0.2Zr alloys doped with yttrium (Y) or erbium (Er). Doping with Y or Er has been shown to decrease hot brittleness, enhance corrosion resistance, and slightly decrease strength characteristics at up to 200° C. When alloyed with Y or Er, enhanced casting properties are ensured through an increase in the proportion of eutectics and modification of the grain structure. The Al8Cu4Y, (Al, Cu)11Y3, Al8Cu4Er, and Al3Er phases containing Y and Er after homogenization at 465° C retain the shape of branched crystals, resulting in alloys with low ductility at up to 200° C. In all the alloys, after stretching at 250°C, the elongation considerably increases, and the yield strength is approximately the same and lies in the range of 217–222 MPa. Alloying with Y or Er results in less softening with increasing test temperature and considerably higher corrosion resistance under electrochemical corrosion conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgxY1−xFe2−xO4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) was synthesised using the sol–gel method and sintered for 2 h at 900 °C. The X-ray diffraction revels the firm increase in the lattice parameter (7.9–8.5 Å) with FCC crystal structure. The average particle size ranges from 30 to 20 nm. Field emission–scanning electron microscopy shows partially spherical morphology. The optical band gap energies calculated from ultraviolet–visible spectra of magnesium ferrites doped with yttrium ranged from 3.14 to 3.27 eV. The existence of all inserted elements in the MgxY1−xFe2−xO4 composition was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The highly magnetic nanocrystals were examined, which showed an enhancement in magnetization and anisotropy constant. According to the BET analysis, the surface area ranges from 5.88 to 20 m2 g−1, the pore volume ranges from 0.02 to 0.09 cm3 g−1, and the pore diameter ranges from 4.6 to 6.6 nm. The development of a single-phase cubic spinel structure has been verified by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Five Raman modes that are active (A1g, Eg, and 3F2g) are visible in the Raman spectrum, which is consistent with the spinel structure. The catalyst MgxY1−xFe2-xO4 is used to convert p-carboxy n-phenyl maleimide into various metal complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of plasma surface treatment on retentive strength (RS) between the (5)Yttrium Zirconia coping and the titanium implant abutment (Dentium system) using self-adhesive resin cement. Methods: forty standard titanium implant abutments of 5.5 mm height and 4.5 mm in diameter were screwed with implant laboratory analogs embedded vertically in autopolymerizing acrylic resin blocks, forty Zirconia copings with a hole on the occlusal surface were fabricated using CAD/CAM system. Samples were divided into four groups (n 10 for each group); Group (1) no plasma surface treatment for implant abutment and coping (act as control). Group (2) plasma surface treatment for implant abutment only. Group (3) plasma surface treatment for coping only. Group (4)plasma surface treatment for implant abutment and coping. Coping of all groups were cemented with implant abutment by Allcem dual cure resin cement. All cemented samples were (5000) cycles of thermocycling process and then tensile bond strength evaluated by Universal testing machine, Following the tensile bond strength test, each debonded surface was examined by stereomicroscope at a 20x magnification. The one-way analysis of variance and Duncan test were used to statistically examine the experimental results. Results: Plasma surface treatment had observed effect that increase tensile bond strength between titanium implant abutment and (5) yttrium Zirconia coping, plasma surface treatment for abutment and coping (Group 4) was the highest value of tensile strength followed by abutment plasma surface treatment (Group 2), while lowest value of tensile bond strength in control group (Group 1) and coping plasma surface treatment (Group 3). Conclusion: Plasma surface treatment increase tensile bond strength between implant abutment and zirconia coping. Plasma surface treatment for both abutment and coping provided higher tensile bond strength. Mode of failure was adhesive failure occurs in abutment surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the new injection molding device was designed to simulate the process of squeeze-casting. The effect of different Y additions on the compressive properties and corrosion resistance of AZ91D-1.6 Ca alloy was studied. The results proved that the addition of Y further refined the microstructure of the alloy. At the same time, with the addition of Y, the new Al2Y phase appeared in the microstructure. The compressive strength of the alloy increases first and then decreases with the addition of Y, and the maximum compressive strength of 372 MPa was obtained when Y content reaches 1.2 wt%. The corrosion resistance of the alloy was improved after adding the appropriate amount of Y. In general, the mechanical properties of the samples prepared by injection molding are equivalent to those of squeeze-casting samples, which can effectively simulate the squeeze-casting process in the laboratory environment for alloy design. Adding an appropriate amount of Y element can improve the alloy. At the same time, it shows that the combined addition of Ca and Y can improve the compression property and corrosion resistance of the material within a certain composition range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a magnesium alloy injection molding device was designed based on the principle of indirect squeeze casting. The alloy system of Mg–Zn–Mn–Y was manufactured using the injection molding technology. The injection molding samples exhibit a significantly refined microstructure compared to gravity casting samples. Furthermore, the compressibility of the injection molding samples displays notable improvement over gravity casting samples. In addition, the compressive strength increases gradually with higher Y content. However, the thermal conductivity continuously declines after adding Y, and the thermal conductivity of the injection sample is lower than that of the gravity casting sample. Additionally, the T6 treatment leads to further improvements in both the compressibility and thermal conductivity of the alloy. Overall, the experiment successfully designed a magnesium alloy system with high strength and thermal conductivity. Moreover, the injection molding device has proved effective in improving compression performance and rapidly designing new alloy compositions in a laboratory setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi-parametric chirped-pulse amplification (QPCPA), which features a theoretical peak power much higher than those obtained with Ti:sapphire laser or optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification, is promising for future ultra-intense lasers. The doped rare-earth ion used for idler dissipation is critical for effective QPCPA, but is usually not compatible with traditional crystals. Thus far, only one dissipative crystal of Sm3+-doped yttrium calcium oxyborate has been grown and applied. Here we introduce optical means to modify traditional crystals for QPCPA applications. We theoretically demonstrate two dissipation schemes by idler frequency doubling and sum-frequency generation with an additional laser. In contrast to absorption dissipation, the proposed nonlinear dissipations ensure not only high signal efficiency but also high small-signal gain. The demonstrated ability to optically modify crystals will facilitate the wide application of QPCPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some groups such as carboxyl, phosphate, and hydroxyl on the surface of adsorbents were considered very vital to recovery rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater by adsorption, and the main adsorption groups vary with the vary of pH value. The adsorption performance and the groups of Serratia marcescens adsorption yttrium (Y(III)) at pH 2.0, 3.5, and 5.5 were studied in the present study. The adsorption capacity of Serratia marcescens for Y(III) increased from 26.83 mg/g to 69.19 mg/g with the increase of pH from 2.0 to 5.5. Field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) confirmed that Y(III) was adsorbed on the Serratia marcescens cell surface, and the adsorption amount increased with the increases of the pH value. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed carboxylate and hydroxy groups mainly complexation with Y(III) at pH 2.0. Y(III) was captured on the Serratia marcescens surface under the combined actions of carboxylate and hydroxy and amine groups at pH 3.5 and 5.5, and amine became main adsorption groups at higher pH. The results showed amine, carboxylate, and hydroxy should be the groups of Serratia marcescens adsorption for yttrium. The results provided theory foundation for the preparation of high efficiency adsorbents by enhancing the adsorption groups of adsorbents surface through directive chemical modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcogenide sulfides have shown useful relevance in nanotechnology owing to their unique optical features, improved sensitivity, and increased electrical conductivity. These unique features formed the motivation for this study by adopting a new method for preparing these nanostructures. This work presents a novel hydrothermal method of synthesizing europium sulfide, EuS and cerium sulfide, Ce2S3 nanomaterials doped with yttrium. The effects of the dopant on the structural, morphological, elemental, optical, and electrical properties of the prepared materials were investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX), optical spectrophotometer, and a four point probe, respectively. Prominent peaks with orthorhombic structure were gotten from the X-ray diffractograms. Nanogels which spread over the substrate surface were seen in the surface morphologies. The presence of as-deposited elements was observed. Optical results revealed good absorbance, refractive index of about 2.6, and reduced energy band gap energies from 2.28 to 1.40 eV upon addition of yttrium. Electrical plots gave increasing conductivity upon addition of the dopant and at increasing thicknesses. Results from the synthesized samples show good potentials for use in optoelectronic and solar cell devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed to validate 90Y dosimetry with MC simulation by comparing the TLD measurements results obtained in 3D liqid phantom (LP) and its monte carlo (MC) simulation. In the first step, tumor imitation was filled with 1900 µCi (70.3 MBq) amount of 99mTc activity in LP. In addition, 24 thermoluminescence dosimetry chips (TLD-100) were placed in 8 different locations in the LP. The same measurement system was created in GEANT4 Tomography Emission Application (GATE version 8.1). DoseActor library was defined for 24 points instead of TLDs and doses were taken. In the second step, 90Y with the amount of 2 mCi (74 MBq) activity and 27 DoseActor libraries were placed in tumor mimic and different locations in LP to calculate the dose distribution with GATE. GATE and TLD results for 99mTc were compared for validation. The strong correlation coefficient was calculated between the instant absorbed dose rates obtained via TLD measurements and GATE calculations as R2 = 0.994. At the 90Y dosimetry, the highest, lowest and mean cumulative absorbed doses calculated by GATE for a half-life were found to be 1.166 × 102 ± 3.907 × 10–1, 5.440 × 101 ± 2.597 × 10–1, and 75.145 ± 0.303 Gy in the tumor imitation, and 1.167 × 101 ± 1.777 × 10−1, 9.929 × 10−5 ± 6.905 × 10−5, 1.169 ± 0.019 Gy in the liver parenchymal tissue imitation, respectively. GATE program is considered to be a promising application in internal radionuclide dosimetry, based on linear correlation between TLD and GATE measurements in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy were used to examine the crystal structure features of ultrathin (3–50 nm) yttrium orthoferrite films, obtained by magnetron sputtering of stoichiometric composition target on α-Al2O3 substrates with orientation. The morphology and crystal structure of the films differ significantly depending on their thickness. In the thinnest films, several phases are formed, including yttrium orthoferrite with an orthorhombic crystal lattice (o-YFeO3), yttrium hexaferrite with a hexagonal crystal lattice (h-YFeO3), iron-yttrium garnet (Y3Fe5O12), and iron oxides such as hematite and maghemite. The study examines the local composition and determines the orientation ratios between the crystallized phases and the substrate. The films with a thickness greater than 10 nm predominantly exhibit a highly textured phase of o-YFeO3 with a small admixture of iron-yttrium garnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of V. S. Urusov’s crystal-energy theory of isomorphous substitutions, the mixing energies (interaction parameters) and critical decomposition (stability) temperatures are calculated for the (Gd1-xLnx )2SiO5 systems, where Ln represents rare-earth elements (REEs) or yttrium. The values of the total mixing energies are determined mainly by contributions arising from the difference in sizes of the substituting structural units. The contributions due to differences in the degree of ionicity of the chemical bond between the components are significantly smaller and can be neglected in most cases. Diagrams of the thermodynamic stability of systems (Gd1-xLnx )2SiO5 and decomposition domes of the (Gd1-xLnx )2SiO5 and (Lu1-xLnx )2SiO5 systems are presented, which allow for graphical prediction of decomposition temperatures of solid solutions within the specified substitution limits, equilibrium substitution limits at a given temperature, and ranges of thermodynamic stability for solid solutions. The predictions of thermodynamic stability are consistent with experimental data previously reported in the literature for solid solutions based on doped gadolinium oxyorthosilicate. The gadolinium oxyorthosilicate solid solutions, which exhibit luminescent, scintillation, and other practically important properties, due to their very low critical decomposition temperatures and a wide temperature range of thermodynamic stability compared to solid solutions of oxyorthosilicate of other REEs, can find practical applications as nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of the content of yttrium nitrate on the microstructure and properties of micro-arc oxidation coatings on a ZK61M magnesium alloy, this study successfully prepared a ZrO2-Y2O3-containing composite ceramic coating on a ZK61M magnesium alloy by using micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology, adding different amounts of yttrium nitrate (0 g/L, 0.15 g/L, 0.45 g/L, and 0.75 g/L) to a zirconate electrolyte with the main components of 6 g/L of (NH4)2ZrF6, 4 g/L of NaH2PO4, 1 g/L of NaF, and a pH value of 7.5–8.0. The microstructure, phase composition, corrosion resistance, and friction coefficient of the coating were investigated using a scanning electron microscope, an energy spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, a photoelectron spectrometer, an electrochemical tester, and a friction and wear tester, respectively. The results showed that the composite ceramic coating was composed of c-ZrO2, t-ZrO2, m-ZrO2, MgO, Y2O3, and MgF2. Among the MAO coatings prepared in this experiment, it was when the concentration of the Y(NO3)3 was 0.75 g/L that the coating exhibited the best corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The corrosion current density (Icorr) was 1.415 × 10−8 A·cm−2, which was four orders of magnitude lower than that of the substrate. The friction coefficient and wear volume of the coating were reduced by 30.77% and 96.55% compared to the substrate, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to strength and biodegradability, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are potential biodegradable implant materials. However, pure Mg corrodes more rapidly in the physiological environment, causing rapid deterioration before bone repair. The discrepancy between bone healing and Mg implant deterioration encourages the development of new Mg alloys with other acceptable alloying elements to achieve the desired high corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this work, different concentrations of yttrium (Y), that is, Mg-4zn-0.2ca-xY, (x= 3,6,9,12% wt), are added to Mg-based alloys. The microstructure, mechanical characteristics, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of the alloys were carefully investigated. When Y concentrations are high, Mg alloys with Y change significantly. High Y concentrations in Mg alloys containing yttrium (Y) suppress intermetallic phases along grain boundaries and form chemically stable Y oxide layers on the surfaces, changing their microstructures and improving their corrosion resistance. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that human osteoblast cells were not significantly affected by the Y-containing Mg alloys. The benefits of using Y as an alloying element to simultaneously adjust Mg alloys with higher strength and slower deterioration are presented.

Abstract In our previous study, the three-dimensional graphene-modified PbO2 (3DG-PbO2) anode was prepared for the effective degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonat (PFOS) by the electrochemical oxidation process. However, the mineralization efficiency of PFOS at the 3DG-PbO2 anode still needs to be further improved due to the recalcitrance of PFOS. Thus, in this study, the yttrium (Y) was doped into the 3DG-PbO2 film to further improve the electrochemical activity of the PbO2 anode. To optimize the doping amount of Y, three Y and 3DG codoped PbO2 anodes were fabricated with different Y3+ concentrations of 5, 15, and 30 mM in the electroplating solution, which were named Y/3DG-PbO2-5, Y/3DG-PbO2-15 and Y/3DG-PbO2-30, respectively. The results of morphological, structural, and electrochemical characterization revealed that doping Y into the 3DG-PbO2 anode further refined the β-PbO2 crystals, increased the oxygen evolution overpotential and active sites, and reduced the electron transfer resistance, resulting in a superior electrocatalytic activity. Among all the prepared anodes, the Y/3DG-PbO2-15 anode exhibited the best activity for electrochemical oxidation of PFOS. After 120 min of electrolysis, the TOC removal efficiency was 80.89% with Y/3DG-PbO2-15 anode, greatly higher than 69.13% with 3DG-PbO2 anode. In addition, the effect of operating parameters on PFOS removal was analyzed by response surface, and the obtained optimum values of current density, initial PFOS concentration, pH, and Na2SO4 concentration were 50 mA/cm2, 12.21 mg/L, 5.39, and 0.01 M, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the PFOS removal efficiency reached up to 97.16% after 40 min of electrolysis. The results of the present study confirmed that the Y/3DG-PbO2 was a promising anode for electrocatalytic oxidation of persistent organic pollutants.

A milestone experimental discovery of superconductivity above 200 K in highly compressed sulfur hydride by Drozdov et al. [Nature 525, 73 (2015)] sparked experimental and theoretical investigations of metallic hydrides. Since then, a dozen of superconducting binary and ternary polyhydrides have been discovered. For instance, there are three superconducting polyhydrides of thorium: Th4H15, ThH9, and ThH10 and four polyhydrides of yttrium: YH4, YH6, YH7, and YH9. In addition to binary and ternary hydrogen-based metallic compounds, recently Eremets et al. (arXiv:2109.11104) reported on the metallization of hydrogen, which exhibits a phase transition into metallic hydrogen phase III at P ≥ 330 GPa and T ∼ 200 K. Here, we analyzed temperature-dependent resistance, R(T), in polyhydrides of thorium, hexadeuteride of yttrium, and in hydrogen phase III and deduced the Debye temperature, Tθ, and the electron–phonon coupling constant, λe−ph, for these conductors. We found that I-43d-Th4H15 exhibits λe−ph = 0.82–0.99, which is in very good agreement with the experimental value of λe−ph = 0.84 deduced from heat capacity measurements [Miller et al., Phys. Rev. B 14, 2795 (1976)]. For P63/mmc-ThH9 (P = 170 GPa), we deduced λe−ph(170 GPa) = 1.46 ± 0.01, which is in reasonable agreement with λe−ph computed by first-principles calculations [Semenok et al. Mater. Today 33, 36 (2020)]. Deduced λe−ph(170 GPa) = 1.70 ± 0.04 for Fm-3m-ThH10 is in remarkable agreement with first-principles calculated λe−ph(174 GPa) = 1.75 [Semenok et al., Mater. Today 33, 36 (2020)]. Deduced λe−ph(172 GPa) = 1.90 ± 0.02 for Im-3m-YD6 is also in excellent agreement with first-principles calculated λe−ph(165 GPa) = 1.80 [Troyan et al., Adv. Mater. 33, 2006832 (2021)]. Finally, we deduced Tθ(402 GPa) = 727 ± 6 K for hydrogen phase III, which implies that λe−ph(402 GPa) ≤ 1.7 in this metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-passivating yttrium-containing WCr alloy has been developed and researched as a potential plasma-facing armour material for fusion power plants. This study explores the use of yttria (Y2O3) powders instead of yttrium elemental powders in the mechanical alloying process to assess their applicability for this material. Fabricated through field-assisted sintering, WCr-Y2O3 ingots show Y2O3 and Cr-containing oxides (Cr-O and Y-Cr-O) dispersed at grain boundaries (GBs), while WCrY ingots contain Y-O particles at grain boundaries, both resulting from unavoidable oxidation during fabrication. WCr-Y2O3 demonstrates higher flexural strength than WCrY across all temperature ranges, ranging from 850 to 1050 MPa, but lower fracture toughness, between 3 and 4 MPa·√m. Enhanced oxidation resistance is observed in WCr-Y2O3, with lower mass gain as compared to WCrY during the 20-hour oxidation test. This study confirms the effectiveness of both yttria and yttrium in the reactive element effect (REE) for the passivation of WCr alloy, suggesting the potential of Y2O3-doped WCr for first wall applications in a fusion power plant.

The combined chemical extraction of rare earth elements from acid solutions and electrochemical separation of yttrium by electrodeposition from Estonian phosphorite ore samples containing rare earth elements has been conducted using ionic liquids at room temperature. It is shown that bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate can be used to selectively extract yttrium from other low rare earth elements, constituting the basis for further extraction. Electrochemical deposition can then be applied to the concentrated extraction product to separate valuable Y from the more abundant elements, such as Ca, from the natural sample. The addition of Bi salt to the working solution significantly aids REE’s deposition. It is shown that this extraction method can be highly efficient as well as selective when well-controlled different electrodeposition conditions are applied.

New heterometallic antenna terephthalate MOFs, namely, (EuxM1−x)2bdc3·4H2O (M = Y, La, Gd) (x = 0.001–1), were synthesized by a one-step method from aqueous solutions. The resulting compounds are isomorphic to each other; the crystalline phase corresponds to Ln2bdc3∙4H2O. Upon 300 nm excitation to the singlet excited state of terephthalate ions, all compounds exhibit a bright red emission corresponding to the of 5D0–7FJ (J = 0–4) f-f transitions of Eu3+ ions. The Eu(III) concentration dependence of the photophysical properties was carefully studied. We revealed that Gd-doping results in photoluminescence enhancement due to the heavy atom effect. To quantitatively compare the antenna effect among different compounds, we proposed the new approach, where the quantum yield of the 5D0 formation is used to characterize the efficiency of energy transfer from the ligand antenna to the Eu3+ emitter.

Microalloying is a cost-effective strategy to develop high performance nickel-based superalloys. Here, the mechanisms of rare earth Y in IN713C on purification, mechanical property improvement, and microstructure modification were systematically investigated. Via melt purification of Y, the O, N, and S elements are reduced to 5 ppm in the IN713C alloy. By adding Y to 74 ppm, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of the IN713C alloy at 650 °C are increased by 12.2%, 14.5%, and 66%, respectively. Microstructure analysis indicated that the strength of the alloy is improved by refining the size and increasing the volume fraction of the γ’ phase. The plasticity of the alloy is improved by modifying the morphology and distribution of MC carbides. The modification of carbide morphology can be attributed to the enrichment of Y at the surface of carbides and the change of segregation of Nb, which is the main carbide-formation element.