Search

The objective of this study was to carry out a detailed mapping of the different personal positions of French nurses concerning the practice of hypnotherapy. Factorial design was used to assess the impact of 4 situational factors: type of postoperative care and degree of pain associated with it (chemotherapy, wound cleansing and bandaging, or body grooming that leads to pain on mobilization); whether paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) was administrated along with hypnosis or not; professional credentials of the hypnotherapist; and patient's identity (adult, young person, elderly person, or young person with learning difficulties). A combination of scenario technique and cluster analysis was implemented. Participants were 91 registered nurses and, for comparison, 19 nurse's aides, 9 physicians, 5 psychologists, and 77 laypersons. Seven qualitatively different positions were found. Only a minority of French nurses were convinced that hypnotherapy is an indisputably acceptable practice in postoperative care. Most of them were indifferent to the issue as long as pain medication was used. Nurses' views appeared to be similar to physicians' views.

For compliance with dose limits, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends that the committed dose be assigned to the year in which radionuclide intake occurred in the case of internal exposure. For radiation workers, the committed dose is evaluated over the 50 year period following the intake, which is a rounded value for the working-life expectancy of a young person entering the workforce. In this study, we develop an approach to the quantitative evaluation of the conservatism in the concept of the committed dose from internal exposure for radiation workers from the viewpoint of radiological risk. Actual annual doses due to an intake of radionuclides for strontium-90 (90Sr), caesium-137 (137Cs), and plutonium-239 (239Pu) were simulated. Risks of fatal cancer, i.e. unconditional death probability rates, were calculated in accordance with the risk estimation method in ICRP Publication 60. It was found that the conservatism ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 for 90Sr, 1.0 to 1.6 for 137Cs, and 1.6 to 2.2 for 239Pu. The importance of understanding the extent of this conservatism and the uncertainty for practical radiological protection are also discussed.

The CARe Burn Scales are a portfolio of burn-specific PROMs for people affected by burns, including a Child Form (for children &lt, 8 years (parent-proxy)), a Young Person Form (for young people aged 8–17 years), an Adult Form, and a Parent Form (for parents/carers of children aged 0–17 years). This study aimed to determine the responsiveness and minimal important difference (MID) values of the three scales developed for use in paediatric burn services and research. Participants were recruited by 15 UK Burn Services. Participants completed the appropriate CARe Burn Scale and a set of appropriate comparison validated measures, at three time points: 4 weeks (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3) post-burn injury. Spearman’s correlation analysis and effect sizes based on Cohen’s d thresholds were reported and MID values were calculated. At baseline, 250 participants completed the Child Form, 69 completed the Young Person Form, and 320 completed the Parent Form. A total of 85–92% of participants were retained at follow up. The tested CARe Burn Scales were all responsive to change over time. MID values were created for all subscales and ranged from 2 to 11 for the Child Form, 3 to 14 for the Young Person Form and 3 to 10 for the Parent Form. The CARe Burn Scales for children, young people and parents are responsive to change over time. The scales are freely available for clinical and research use.

La complejidad del mundo universitario y el trabajo pastoral, requieren dar respuestas a los múltiples escenarios de la vida cotidiana, uno de estos desafíos es cómo atender a la diversidad tanto estudiantil como la cultura académica universitaria, de cara a lograr la plena participación e inclusión social en el ámbito de todo grupo que se lleva al interior de ella. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una mirada renovadora de la importancia de la inclusión de discapacidad física en la universidad específicamente en los procesos de pastoral al interior de estas, apostando por una Pastoral cada vez más inclusiva, abierta y comprometida con su misión de acogida y anuncio, cuyo sujeto es el joven que requiere un trabajo más sistemático desde una metodología inclusiva dentro de la vida universitaria, basado en la revisión de bibliografía y partes de artículos.

Introduction: Patient groups who pose behavioral challenges during dental attendance may be offered more restricted dental treatment options. Unsuccessful participation with dental visit tasks and demands has been commonly reported for autistic children. Objectives: This study aimed to examine parental perceptions of difficulties associated with dental attendance and oral care for autistic children and young adults, to highlight reported challenges and potential adaptations, and to identify interventions that will encourage positive experiences of dental attendance. Methods: Qualitative data were gathered through 2 focus groups with parents of primary school and secondary school pupils with autism, interviewed in separate groups. Questions about parents’ perceptions of dental attendance and oral care were asked. The groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed and initial codes generated. Development of subthemes and themes followed a process of thematic analysis. Results: Parental perceptions, which confirmed data from other studies, included the need for understanding and training, awareness of sensory issues, recognition of the individuality of autistic traits, time and clarity for communication, and factors affecting the confidence of parents to advocate in the clinical environment. Focus group participants identified the critical value of empathizing with an autistic perspective and highlighted the importance of positive oral health messages. They also noted the lack of understanding regarding the complexity of altering self-imposed, ritualistic dietary regimes and attempting to enact good dental preventive habits for their children. Conclusions: Analysis of data from parent focus groups provided a greater understanding of the needs and responsivity required for successful dental visits for autistic children and young adults. A range of potential interventions was identified and incorporated within a model of needs. Interventions based on Partnership Working, System Change, and Training of Dental Staff could be effective in reducing challenges posed by dental attendance for many children with autism. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, comorbid intellectual disability, and dental anxiety are barriers to successful participation during dental attendance for autistic children. This research proposes that interventions supporting Partnership Working, System Change, and Training of Dental Staff can reduce challenges posed by dental attendance. The model of interventions developed as part of this project can be used by oral care teams to help reduce barriers and improve the success of dental visits for autistic children.

The period of adolescence is considered extremely intense and complicated from a young person’s perspective, as it involves substantial changes in their functioning. The aim was to explore the psyc...

Background Carer burden amongst carers of youth with an eating disorder is substantial and if not addressed can lead to negative outcomes for the patient, carer and family. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made caring for youth with an ED even more onerous and preliminary research is beginning to emerge demonstrating the profound negative impact the pandemic is having upon individuals with EDs and their carers. Main In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about carer burden in families where a young person has an ED, consider the additional impact consequent to COVID-19 and highlight the need for interventions aimed at alleviating this. Pre-COVID-19 research identifies high levels of psychological and physical strain amongst those caring for a child with an ED. Themes are beginning to emerge as to why COVID-19 may further exacerbate carer burden: (1) reduced access to ED services; (2) increased physical vulnerability and exacerbation of psychiatric co-morbidity amongst youth with EDs; (3) increased practical demands placed on carers; and (4) social isolation and decreased social support. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic poses a specific threat to the mental health of youth with EDs and their carers. Given the salient role families play in caring for youth with an ED, attending to carer burden is imperative. Supporting carers through all phases of their child’s ED journey by offering adaptive and flexible supportive services which accommodate time constraints, geographic barriers and possible COVID-19 spread is essential., Plain English summary Caring for a child with an Eating Disorder (ED) can be difficult at the best of times. Research is beginning to emerge demonstrating the negative impact the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having both on youth with an ED and their carers. In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about carer burden in families where a young person has an ED, consider the additional impact of COVID-19 and highlight the need for further supportive interventions. This review indicates that carer burden is substantial amongst those caring for a loved one with an ED and additional strain has been placed on carers during the pandemic. Key themes have emerged likely contributing to an increase in carer burden during COVID-19: (1) reduced access to ED services; (2) increased physical vulnerability and exacerbation of psychiatric co-morbidity amongst youth with EDs; (3) increased practical demands placed on carers; and (4) social isolation and decreased social support. Findings from this review aim to inspire further research on how best we can support carers of youth with EDs during the pandemic and beyond.

The child or young person with suspected poisoning is a relatively common emergency presentation in paediatrics. The toxic agent is frequently known, though on occasion a significant amount of detective work is required. Fortunately, poisoning causing significant harm is rare, but the possibility is ever present. The cornerstone of assessment and management is good medical and nursing care, combined with early recourse to specialist advice when the risk or presence of significant harm is identified. An overview of the approach to these clinical situations is outlined with practical examples provided to illustrate this for common poisons.

Este artículo científico tiene la finalidad de realizar un análisis teórico acerca de la capacidad de resiliencia en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de Lima, 2020. Es necesario este estudio porque analiza la resiliencia en los estudiantes adolescentes. Asimismo, referirse a esta etapa implica hacer mención a los radicales cambios biológicos, psicológicos etc. que los adolescentes empiezan a experimentar. Del mismo modo, es la capacidad que tiene cada joven frente a una situación de riesgo, por muy complicada que esta podría ser resulta necesario sacar lo mejor de sí, para salir airoso de ello, entonces la resiliencia la habilidad de sobreponerse y convertir una situación desagradable en algo positivo, en gran medida de aprendizaje. Este estudio corresponde a un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo simple, donde los resultados de este se realizan luego del posterior análisis de la información de diferentes autores recientes, los cuales han realizado estudios similares y han contribuido con información pertinente y relevante acerca de la resiliencia como una capacidad necesaria que implica aspectos socioemocionales necesarios para desarrollar esta habilidad.

Objective: Adolescence is a critical period for the maturation of neurobiological processes that underlie higher cognitive functions and social and emotional behaviour. However, there are limited studies that investigated brain volumes in healthy adolescents and young persons. The aim of this study was to compare the Grey Matter (GM), White Matter (WM) and some specific brain subcortical volumes such as hippocampus and amygdala between healthy adolescents and young groups by using VolBrain. Material and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were retrospectively obtained from 20 healthy adolescent and young subjects. The mean ages of the adolescent and young persons were 13±1 and 24±2, respectively. Brain parenchyma (BP), GM, WM and asymmetry features were calculated using VolBrain, and the GM and WM volumes of each subjects were compared with those of the both groups. The current study to examine whether regional gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), some brain subcortical structures volumes differed between healthy adolescent and young groups. Also, of the whole brain, hemispheres, and hippocampus, amigdala of adolescent and young subject volumes were measured with an automated method. Results: We have observed that the young group was found to have a 4 % less in volume of GM, when compared with adolescent groups. Conclusion: Our data indicate that quantitative structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of the adolescent brain is important in understanding the age-related human morphological changes.

Background and ObjectivesSporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most common form of human prion disease and typically occurs in middle to late life. sCJD in early adulthood is extremely uncommon. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of cases of sCJD in young patients that are not associated with a genetic mutation or acquired prion disease risk factors.MethodsWe describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and postmortem examination of a 22-year-old man with sCJD.ResultsThe patient presented with a rapidly progressive neurocognitive disorder consisting of early and prominent psychiatric symptoms. CSF real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) was indeterminate, and brain MRI was suggestive of prion disease. Neuropathologic examination and the absence of a genetic mutation and acquired prion disease risk factors resulted in a final diagnosis of sCJD.ConclusionAlthough extremely rare, sCJD can occur in young people and should be considered in the setting of rapidly progressive neuropsychiatric conditions. Postmortem examination is required to diagnose the type of prion disease and remains important to surveil for known and potentially novel acquired prion diseases.

Internationally, increasing numbers of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria are presenting for care. In response, gender-affirming therapeutic interventions that seek to align bodily characteristics with an individual’s gender identity are more commonly being used. Depending on a young person’s circumstances and goals, hormonal interventions may aim to achieve full pubertal suppression, modulation of endogenous pubertal sex hormone effects, and/or development of secondary sex characteristics congruent with their affirmed gender. This is a relatively novel therapeutic area and, although short-term outcomes are encouraging, longer term data from prospective longitudinal adolescent cohorts are still lacking, which may create clinical and ethical decision-making challenges. Here, we review current treatment options, reported outcomes, and clinical challenges in the pharmacological management of trans and gender-diverse adolescents.

Resumo Uma questão presente na literatura que trata dos jovens que não estudam nem trabalham é a carência da compreensão de suas características. O objetivo do presente estudo foi encontrar os determinantes do perfil dos jovens que se encontram nas diferentes categorias de condição ocupacional − trabalha e estuda; só trabalha; só estuda; nem estuda nem trabalha, mas procura emprego (“nem-nem” ativo); e nem estuda nem trabalha e nem procura emprego (“nem-nem” inativo) −, bem como buscar a relação entre o fato de os jovens encontrarem-se nas duas últimas categorias e a maior incidência de afazeres domésticos semanais em seus domicílios. Assim, com os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio de 2015, empregaram-se os métodos logit multinomial e de contagem (regressão de Poisson: incidence rate ratios e zero inflated). Os resultados mostram que o perfil de um jovem pertencente à condição ocupacional “nem-nem” ativo difere-se consideravelmente de outro classificado como “nem-nem” inativo, principalmente quanto ao gênero e à situação de residência. Relativamente às demais categorias, a carga horária de afazeres domésticos incide com maior frequência nos jovens “nem-nem” ativos e inativos, ao passo que estes também estão menos propensos a se pouparem das atividades domésticas. Mostrou-se de suma importância o discernimento entre ativos e inativos para a categoria dos que nem trabalham nem estudam e, a partir dos resultados encontrados, pode- Abstract One issue in the literature regarding youngsters who neither study nor work (NEET) is the lack of understanding regarding their characteristics and the misdiagnosis of their stereotype. The aim of this study was to find the determinants of certain characteristics of young people in different occupational condition categories -work and study; just work; just study; NEET and seeking work (active NEET) and NEET not seeking work (inactive NEET), and to seek a correlation between the last two categories and the higher incidence of weekly household chores in the home. Thus, with data from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey (Pnad), we used the Logit Multinomial and Counting methods (Poisson regression: Incidence Rate Ratios and Zero Inflated). The results showed that the profile of a young person belonging to the active NEET occupational condition differs considerably from that of those classified as inactive NEETs, mainly regarding gender and housing area. With regard to the other categories, the workload of domestic chores is more frequent in active and inactive NEETs, who are also less likely to be exempt from domestic chores. The distinction between active and inactive NEET was extremely important for the “neither work nor study” category and, based on the results, it is possible to identify traces of generalized inactivity in this population, raising the alarm regarding the need for labor policies aimed at young people in Brazil. Resumen Un tema en la literatura que trata con jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan (niní) es la falta de comprensión de sus características y el diagnóstico erróneo de su estereotipo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue encontrar los determinantes de los perfiles de los jóvenes que se encuentran en las diferentes categorías de condición ocupacional: trabaja y estudia, solo trabaja, solo estudia, ni estudia ni trabaja pero busca trabajo (niní activo) y ni estudia ni trabaja ni busca trabajo (niní inactivo), y buscar la relación del hecho de que los jóvenes están en las dos últimas categorías con la mayor incidencia de tareas domésticas semanales en sus hogares. Por lo tanto, con los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Muestras de Hogares (PNAD) de 2015 utilizamos los métodos de logit multinomial y Poisson. Los resultados mostraron que el perfil de una persona joven que pertenece a la condición ocupacional activa niní difiere considerablemente de los clasificados como niní inactivos, principalmente en relación con el género y el área de vivienda. En relación con las otras categorías, la carga de trabajo de las tareas domésticas es más frecuente en los jóvenes niní activos e inactivos, mientras que también tienen menos probabilidades de salvarse de las actividades domésticas. Era sumamente importante discernir entre activos e inactivos para la categoría de quienes ni trabajan ni estudian y, con base en los resultados encontrados, rastrear indicios de inactividad generalizada en parte de esta población para encender la alerta de la necesidad de políticas laborales dirigidas a los jóvenes en Brasil.