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The first and second branchial arch syndrome is a rare anomaly characterized by hypoplasia of mandibular ramus, temporomandibular joint and ear. The hypoplasia involving both skeletal and soft tissues results in severe facial asymmetry increasing progressively. The present paper reports a case of this anomaly.A 28 year-old female was admitted. Clinical examination showed hypoplasia of the middle and lower thirds of the left side of the face, canted mouth and malformed ear. Chin was significantly deviated to the left and retropositioned. Radiographic and CT examinations revealed hypoplasia of left mandibular ramus and angle, coronoid process, temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication and parotid salivary gland. Intraoral evaluation showed canted occlusal plane with rigid interdigitation of occlusion. Both anteroposterior and lateral cephalometric analyses disclosed three-dimensional hypoplasia and deviation of the upper and lower jaws: that is, upward and posteromedial displacement of the affected malar bone and maxilla, upward and medial displacement of the affected temporomandibular joint, mandibular ramus and angle, deviation to the affected side and retroposition of the chin and the dental midline, canted occlusal plane and so forth.The first treatment consisted of Le Fort I osteotomy, sagittal splitting osteotomy and genioplasty. This corrected the frontal and sagittal asymmetry, but the transverse asymmetry remained because the middle and lower thirds of the unaffected side of the face protruded farther and those of the affected side was more hollowed by the first reatment. At the second treatment iliac bone onlay graft was done on the affected mandibular ramus and angle, and masseter muscle myotomy and posterior and inferior border resection ostectomy of mandible were accomplished on the unaffected side. The two-stage surgery resulted in alignment of the occlusal plane with a more symmetrical face.

We propose an event extraction method from traffic image sequences. This method extracts moving objects and their trajectories from image sequences recorded by a stationary camera. These trajectories are mapped to 3D virtual space and physical parameters such as velocity and direction are estimated. After that, traffic events are extracted from these trajectories and physical parameters based on case-frame analysis in the field of natural language processing. Our method facilitates to describe events easily and detect general traffic events and abnormal situations. The experimental results of actual intersection traffic image sequence have shown the effectiveness of the method.

The Higgs particle is a new elementary particle predicted in the Standard Model of the elementary particle physics. It plays a special role in the theory of mass generation of quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. In this article, theoretical issues on the Higgs mechanism are first discussed, and then experimental prospects on the Higgs particle study at the future collider experiments, LHC and ILC, are reviewed. The Higgs coupling determination is an essential step to establish the mass generation mechanism, which could lead to a deeper understanding of particle physics., 13 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Special Topics Issue of J. Phys. Soc. Jpn

{lg_bullet} What is the universe? How did it begin? {lg_bullet} What are matter and energy? What are space and time? These basic questions have been the subject of scientific theories and experiments throughout human history. The answers have revolutionized the enlightened view of the world, transforming society and advancing civilization. Universal laws and principles govern everyday phenomena, some of them manifesting themselves only at scales of time and distance far beyond everyday experience. Particle physics experiments using particle accelerators transform matter and energy, to reveal the basic workings of the universe. Other experiments exploit naturally occurring particles, such as solar neutrinos or cosmic rays, and astrophysical observations, to provide additional insights.

We propose a Push-Style Design Support System (PSDSs), which prevents product failures caused by improper design. While a designer is writing a specification document, PSDSs automatically shows design knowledge related to the contents in real time. The document check process can perform a highly precise check by comparing the structurized contents of the document with the structurized design knowledge flexibly, by referring to ontology data (Electronic parts DB and thesaurus dictionary). Unlike conventional expert systems using causal chains as design knowledge, the design knowledge of PSDSs is simple and easy to create. Experimental results of applying PSDSs to the design of electric circuits, 36% of the check results were the effective check that the relative low-skilled designer was not conscious of. In addition, 12% were effective check results that the experienced designer had not noticed.

Quark and lepton flavor signals are studied in four supersymmetric models, namely the minimal supergravity model, the minimal supersymmetric standard model with right-handed neutrinos, SU(5) supersymmetric grand unified theory with right-handed neutrinos and the minimal supersymmetric standard model with U(2) flavor symmetry. We calculate b --> s(d) transition observables in B_d and B_s decays, taking the constraint from the B_s--B_s-bar mixing recently observed at Tevatron into account. We also calculate lepton flavor violating processes mu --> e gamma, tau --> mu gamma and tau --> e gamma for the models with right-handed neutrinos. We investigate possibilities to distinguish the flavor structure of the supersymmetry breaking sector with use of patterns of various flavor signals which are expected to be measured in experiments such as MEG, LHCb and a future Super B Factory., 52 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables

ILC Global Design Effort and World Wide Study

Purinoceptor agonists produced potassium currents with the order of potency: ATP>adenosine=ADP=AMP> β , γ -methylene ATP, while a small response or no response was induced by 2-methylthio ATP, UTP, or α , β -methylene ATP. The response induced by β , γ -methylene ATP was completely inhibited in the presence of α , β -methylene ATP, suggesting that the relevant receptor for these agonists was a P 3 purinoceptor. ATP induced currents with a latency of 24 s and the currents were not induced in defolliculated oocytes. The currents were not affected by either the G i/o -protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PTX), or the selective cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, H-89, or the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, neomycin, or the phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) inhibitor, 4-bromophenacyl bromide. The currents were enhanced by the selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X, but otherwise, they were reduced by the potent PKC activator, 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The results of the present study suggest that a P 3 purinoceptor in the follicle cell layer of oocytes is involved in activation of potassium channels and that the evoked currents are regulated by PLC/PLA 2 -independent PKC activation.

The Left-Right symmetric extension of the Standard Model with Higgs isospin triplets can provide neutrino masses via a TeV scale seesaw mechanism. The doubly charged Higgs bosons H^{\pm\pm}_L and H^{\pm\pm}_R induce lepton flavour violating decays \tau^\pm \to lll at tree-level via a coupling which is related to the Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix (V_{\rm MNS}). We study the magnitude and correlation of \tau^\pm \to lll and \mu\to e\gamma with specific assumptions for the origin of the large mixing in V_{\rm MNS} while respecting the stringent bound for \mu\to eee. It is also shown that an angular asymmetry for \tau^\pm \to lll is sensitive to the relative strength of the H^{\pm\pm}_L and H^{\pm\pm}_R mediated contributions and provides a means of distinguishing models with doubly charged Higgs bosons., Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures, added references, notation clarified, added discussion of effect of Majorana phases, version to appear in Physical Review D

We report a case of bile duct stones in which piezoelectric extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) was highly effective for the clearance of stones. A 16-year-old girl, who had undergone excision of a choledochal cyst when she was 3 years old, presented a spiking fever and colic abdominal pain. Radiological investigations showed two large stones incarcerating to the proximal end of hepatico-jejunostomy anastomosis. Massive debris was also present in intrahepatic bile duct proximal to the anastomosis. She underwent piezoelectric ESWL with an EDAP LT02 lithotripter. An average of 40 min ESWL session was repeated at intervals of 2 or 3 days. Neither anesthetic nor sedative treatment was required. By the end of the sixth session, the stones incarcerated were fragmented and the debris in the intrahepatic bile duct was completely eliminated. We conclude that piezoelectric ESWL is a less invasive, effective and repeatable method, therefore, it could be a treatment of choice for bile duct stone formation after choledochal cyst excision.

This note presents a list of physics processes for benchmarking the performance of proposed ILC detectors. This list gives broad coverage of the required physics capabilities of the ILC experiments and suggests target accuracies to be achieved. A reduced list of reactions, which capture within a very economical set the main challenges put by the ILC physics program, is suggested for the early stage of benchmarking of the detector concepts., 12 pages, report of the ILC Benchmark panel

We calculate the flux of cosmic positrons from the dark matter annihilation in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity. The dark matter annihilates mainly into weak gauge bosons in the halo, and high energy positrons are produced through leptonic and hadronic decays of the bosons. We investigate a possibility to detect the positron signal in upcoming experiments such as PAMELA and AMS-02. We found that the dark matter signal can be distinguished from the background in the PAMELA experiment when the dark matter mass is less than 120 GeV and the signal flux is enhanced due to a small scale clustering of dark matter. Furthermore, the signal from the dark matter annihilation can be detected in the AMS-02 experiment, even if such enhancement does not exist. We also discuss the invisible width of the Higgs boson in this model., Comment: 31 pages, 11 figures Added appendix on constraints from electroweak precision measurements

The purpose of this study was to further define the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiated prostatic carcinomas. Seventy-seven specimens were obtained from prostatic carcinoma tumors during prostatectomy, transurethral resection of prostate or biopsy in 77 prostate cancer patients, and analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin A (CgA). Nine of these tumors were also studied by elctron microscopy and 4 were examined by pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. CgA-stained cells were detected in 36 tumors (47%). Clinically advanced tumors or tumors with higher histological grades were associated with increased NE differentiation. Three of the tumors studied by electron microscopy contained cells showing unequivocal NE differentiation revealed by the presence of neurosecretory granules, while the poorly NE-differentiated malignant cells contained pleomorphic granules, which were lysosomal-like rather than NE-type granules. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the presence of CgA immunoreactivity on the pleomorphic granules in the poorly differentiated malignant glands. This study suggests that NE-differentiated malignant cells in prostate cancer tissues may induce aggressive behavior in adjacent proliferating neoplastic cells via a paracrine mechanism.

Carcinomatous meningitis from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and ureter is rare. A 77-year-old man with invasive bladder cancer and right ureter cancer had been treated with 3 courses M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, cisplatin) chemotherapy. After chemotherapy we performed radical cystectomy and right nephroureterectomy (ileal-neobladder) (TCC, G3, pT3, N0, M0). Sixteen months after operation, patient complained of anorexia, muscular weakness, stiff neck. CT of chest and abdomen, and bone scintigraphy showed no metastasis. Brain CT and MRI showed hydrocephalus but no evidence of parenchymal metastasis. Because we suspected carcinomatous meningitis, we performed lumbar puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology revealed class V (urothelial carcinoma). Patient died 6 days after diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis.

We study new physics effects on the couplings of weak gauge bosons with the lightest CP-even Higgs boson ($h$), $hZZ$, and the tri-linear coupling of the lightest Higgs boson, $hhh$, at the one loop order, as predicted by the two Higgs doublet model. Those renormalized coupling constants can deviate from the Standard Model (SM) predictions due to two distinct origins; the tree level mixing effect of Higgs bosons and the quantum effect of additional particles in loop diagrams. The latter can be enhanced in the renormalized $hhh$ coupling constant when the additional particles show the non-decoupling property. Therefore, even in the case where the $hZZ$ coupling is close to the SM value, deviation in the $hhh$ coupling from the SM value can become as large as plus 100 percent, while that in the $hZZ$ coupling is at most minus 1 percent level. Such large quantum effect on the Higgs tri-linear coupling is distinguishable from the tree level mixing effect, and is expected to be detectable at a future linear collider., 52 pages, 10 figures, revtex4

A phenomenological consequence of electroweak baryogenesis is studied in connection with the Higgs physics. In a two Higgs double model, the first order phase transition can be strong enough to allow the electroweak baryogenesis due to the effect of extra Higgs bosons. We investigate the quantum correction to the triple coupling of the lightest Higgs boson in such a scenario, and find that the condition of the strong first order phase transition necessarily leads to the deviation of at least 10 percent from the standard model prediction. Such magnitude of the deviation can be identified in future $e^+e^-$ linear collider experiments. We also discuss the minimal supersymmetric standard model with the light stop scenario, and point out that a sizable correction appears in the triple coupling for successful electroweak baryogenesis., 10pages, 1figure

The International Technology Recommendation Panel distributed a list of questions to each major laboratory. Question 30, part b and d, were technology independent and related to the physics goals of the Linear Collider. An international panel, with representation from Asia, Europe, and the Americas, was formed by the World Wide Study during LCWS04 to formulate a response. This is given below and constitutes the response of the world-wide Linear Collider community.

Lactate is considered an alternative substrate that is capable of replacing glucose in maintaining synaptic function in adult neurons. But, we found recently that lactate could be utilized for maintenance of synaptic potentials only after the activation of NMDA and voltage-dependent-calcium channel during glucose deprivation. To clarify more on the relationship between glycolysis and induction of lactate utilization, we tested lower concentration of glucose with hypoxia to induce a relative shortage of anaerobic energy production. Population spikes are not maintained with lactate following hypoxia in 10 mM glucose medium, but are maintained at their original levels with lactate after exposure to hypoxia in lower concentration (5 mM) of glucose. Hypothermia during low glucose-hypoxia, bath application of the NMDA channel blocker and the voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker, as well as the omission of extracellular calcium prevented the induction of the lactate-supported population spikes. ATP levels in the tissue slices are relatively preserved in the conditions that block the induction of lactate-supported population spikes. From these observations, we propose that the energy source for maintenance of synaptic function in adult neuron changes from adult form (glucose alone) to immature one (glucose and/or lactate) after short of glucose supply.

Using hippocampal slices of guinea pig, we have studied the effect of cooling and rewarming (8°–37°C) on the neuronal activity of pyramidal neurons of the CA3 region of hippocampus, and further examined the effect of hypothermia on the reversibility of the neural function and high-energy phosphates during long-lasting deprivation of oxygen and/or glucose. During gradual cooling of the perfusion medium containing oxygen and glucose from 37°C to 15°C, the amplitude of the field population potentials (PS) transiently increased at 31°C, and decayed with further cooling to extinction. During rewarming PS reappeared, while the amplitude increased to a maximum at 31°C and then decreased to the original level with further warming to 37°C. In the intracellular recording study of pyramidal neurons, hypothermia reduced the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope in a temperature-dependent manner, but the EPSP amplitude was enhanced transiently between 33°C and 28°C and decayed with further cooling. Neuronal activities including membrane properties recovered fully when the temperature was raised to 37°C even after long-term deep hypothermia (8°C). During deprivation of oxygen and/or glucose the survival period, the period of deprivation of oxygen and/or glucose during which neuronal activity of the tissue slice can show full recovery, was 10, 15, and 45 min at 37°C, 28°C, and 21°C, respectively. During deprivation of glucose only it was 1.5, 3, and 5h at 37°C, 28°C, and 21°C, and during deprivation of oxygen only it was 2.5,5, and 15 h at 37°C, 28°C, and 21°C, respectively. The concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (Per) showed good recovery in the slices with full neuronal reversibility. Deep hypothermia (21°C) markedly prolonged the survival period of neurons of tissue slices during deprivation of oxygen and/or glucose.

1. (1) We have bee successful in establishing a conversion formula that can establish the random vibration test conditions based on the measured values of the peak accumulated. 2. (2)We learned that, not only the main components of engine vibrations, but other components are also important in the phenomena of contact wear, from the fact that the evaluation tests based on random vibrations could reproduce contact wear far better that the sime wave sweep test.

We report a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ilio-psoas abscess (IPA) in a neonate. This case has clinical importance because this neonate had toxic shock syndrome-like exanthematous disease, known as NTED, before developing IPA. A high index of suspicion is required for IPA if a neonate presents with limb disuse and fever of unknown origin. Our case required surgical drainage, since ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle aspiration failed.

To evaluate the relationship between neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) status and hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) following hormone therapy based on immunohistochemical study.Seventy-two prostate cancer specimens obtained at radical prostatectomy and 21 prostate cancer autopsy specimens from patients who died from HRPC after androgen deprivation therapy were examined for NED status using an antibody against chromogranin A. These specimens were classified into 3 arms: 38 radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with no neoadjuvant hormone therapy (Group 1); 34 from patients with neoadjuvant hormone therapy for 3 to 6 months (Group 2); and 21 autopsy specimens from patients with HRPC following androgen deprivation therapy for more than 1 year (Group 3). Staining of prostatic carcinoma was scored as: 0 = no staining; 1 = staining cells10%; 2 = staining cells 10-20%; and 3 = staining cells20%. Differences in scores among the groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. Multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model was performed to examine whether NED status was associated with pathological stage (pT), grade and group.Forty-nine (53%) tumors had CgA stained cells. NED status increased with longer duration of hormone therapy (p0.0001). The mean staining score (and standard deviation) was 0.4+/-0.7 in Group 1, 0.7+/-0.7 in Group 2, and 1.4+/-1.1 in Group 3, respectively. By multivariate analysis Group 3 had a relative risk of 5.46 (95%CI 1.28-23.29) for NED compared to the other groups. But other variables were not related to NED. HRPC following Long-term hormonal therapy was the only independent predictor of NED.The results of this study demonstrated that NED status was significantly increased in patients with HRPC following long-term androgen deprivation therapy, but it could not be discriminate whether the increase of NED is attributable to condition of hormone refractoriness or long-term hormonal therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two combined chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of previously treated metastatic urothelial carcinoma: gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC), and gemcitabine, docetaxel, and carboplatin (GDC).Sixteen patients with metastatic urothelial cancer, previously treated with a platinum-based regimen, were studied. GC (gemcitabine 750 mg/m(2), on days 1, 8, and 15; carboplatin 200 mg/m(2), on day 2) was administered every 28 days to 15 patients. GDC (gemcitabine 750 mg/m(2), on days 1 and 8; docetaxel 50 mg/m(2), on day 1; carboplatin 200 mg/m(2) on day 1) was administered every 21 days to 9 patients. Eight of the 9 GDC-treated patients had earlier been treated with GC and had become refractory.With the GC therapy, 7 of the 15 treated patients (47%; 95% confidence interval, 21%-73%) showed an objective response, with 3 achieving a clinical complete response (CR) and 4 a partial response (PR). With the GDC therapy, 6 of the 9 treated patients (67%; 95% confidence interval, 29%-92%) showed an objective response, with 1 achieving CR and 5, PR. Five of the 8 (63%) GC-refractory patients responded to GDC therapy. The median duration of response was 4 months (range, 2-10+ months) on GC therapy, and 3 months (range, 3-5 months) on GDC therapy. Toxicities associated with GC were less than those with GDC.GC was effective for refractory metastatic urothelial cancer, and GDC was effective for GC-refractory cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two combined chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of previously treated metastatic urothelial carcinoma: gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC), and gemcitabine, docetaxel, and carboplatin (GDC).

The authors report on 2 neonates with irreducible inguinal hernia in whom a Pfannenstiel skin incision followed by lower abdominal midline fasciotomy were used to open the abdomen during emergency operation. By using this approach, the inguinal canal could also be opened and the hernia sac ligated. Bowel resection followed by anastomosis in one case and appendectomy in the other case could be performed safely intraabdominally because of the better exposure provided by using our approach compared with an inguinal incision alone. A Pfannenstiel incision followed by a midline fasciotomy decreases the risks associated with surgical intervention by enhancing exposure and contributing to good outcome by improving wound cosmesis.

We study effects of supersymmetric particles in various rare B decay processes as well as in the unitarity triangle analysis. We consider three different supersymmetric models, the minimal supergravity, SU(5) SUSY GUT with right-handed neutrinos, and the minimal supersymmetric standard model with U(2) flavor symmetry. In the SU(5) SUSY GUT with right-handed neutrinos, we consider two cases of the mass matrix of the right-handed neutrinos. We calculate direct and mixing-induced CP asymmetries in the b to s gamma decay and CP asymmetry in B_d to phi K_S as well as the B_s--anti-B_s mixing amplitude for the unitarity triangle analysis in these models. We show that large deviations are possible for the SU(5) SUSY GUT and the U(2) model. The pattern and correlations of deviations from the standard model will be useful to discriminate the different SUSY models in future B experiments., revtex4, 36 pages, 10 figures

Purpose To assess the feasibility of transplanting adult bladder tissue to its offspring as a source of neobladder tissue for bladder augmentation. Methods The dome of the bladder of an adult Lewis rat was excised and transplanted into the omentum of a 6-week-old offspring (living-related partial bladder transplant: n=15). The bladder remnant of the donor rat was closed. Two weeks after transplantation, a laparotomy was performed to mobilize the bladder graft with its omental pedicle into the pelvis. Bladder augmentation (BA) was performed by anastomosing the graft to the recipient's bladder. Thirty days after BA, the entire neobladder was excised and histopathologically examined. Results At laparotomy, each bladder graft appeared macroscopically as a thin-walled cyst in the recipient's omentum. Each graft could be mobilized into the pelvis and anastomosed to the recipient's bladder. BA was successful in all 15 recipients, and histopathologic studies showed that the mucosa was normal throughout each neobladder. Postoperatively, donors and recipients were clinically well without any sign of urinary incontinence or obstruction. Conclusions This is the first report of adult tissue being transplanted successfully into a recipient without vascular reconstruction in a rat. Living-related partial bladder transplantation for the purpose of BA is feasible using our technique and could have application as an alternative technique for BA in a rat.

We study the effect of the Higgs-exchange diagram for the lepton flavor violating muon-electron conversion process in nuclei in the supersymmetric seesaw model. The contribution is significant for a large value of tan beta and a small value of a neutral heavy Higgs boson mass, in which case the ratio of the branching ratios of B(mu N -> e N) / B(mu -> e gamma) is enhanced. We also show that the target atom dependence of the conversion branching ratio provides information on the size of the Higgs exchange diagram., 12 pages, 2 figures, a reference added

One-loop corrections to the self-coupling constant of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson are studied in the two Higgs doublet model. After renormalization is performed, quartic contributions of heavy particle's mass can appear in the effective coupling. We find that these non-decoupling effects can yield ${\cal O}(100)$ % deviations from the Standard Model prediction, even when all the other couplings of the lightest Higgs boson to gauge bosons and fermions are in good agreement with the Standard Model., added comments and references, corrected typos, to appear in Physics Letters B, revtex4, 13 pages including 3 figures

We report on the status and plans of experiments now running or proposed for electron-positron colliders at energies between the {phi} and the Z. The e{sup +}e{sup -} B and charm factories we considered were PEP-II/BABAR, KEKB/Belle, superKEK, SuperBABAR, and CESR-c/CLEO-c. We reviewed the programs at the {phi} factory at Frascati and the proposed PEP-N facility at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We studied the prospects for B physics with a dedicated linear collider Z factory, associated with the TESLA high energy linear collider. In all cases, we compared the physics reach of these facilities with that of alternative experiments at hadron colliders or fixed target facilities.

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer increases with age and latent cancer is common in older men. But clinical prostate cancer is rare in men aged

The coherent muon-electron conversion rates in various nuclei are calculated for general lepton flavor violating interactions. We solve the Dirac equations numerically for the initial state muon and the final state electron in the Coulomb force, and perform the overlap integrals between the wave functions and the nucleon densities. The results indicate that the conversion branching ratio increases for a light nucleus up to the atomic number Z ~ 30, is largest for Z = 30 -- 60, and becomes smaller for a heavy nucleus with Z > (~ 60). We also discuss the uncertainty from the input proton and neutron densities. The atomic number dependence of the conversion ratio calculated here is useful to distinguish theoretical models with lepton flavor violation., LaTeX, 37 pages, 12 figures

Patients receiving parenteral nutrition are at risk of septicaemia. Intestinal dysmotility and impaired gut immunity due to parenteral nutrition promote bacterial overgrowth. Gut overgrowth with aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) impairs systemic immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of gut overgrowth with AGNB in the pathogenesis of septicaemia related to parenteral nutrition.A prospective 5 y study of surgical infants less than 6 months of age was undertaken. Surveillance samples of the oropharynx and gut were obtained at the start of parenteral nutrition and thereafter twice weekly, to detect AGNB carriage. Blood cultures were taken on clinical indication only.Two-hundred and eight infants received parenteral nutrition for 6271 days (median 13 days, range 1-512 days). The incidence of AGNB carriage was 42%, whilst the septicaemia rate was 15%. Eighty-four percent of septicaemic infants carried AGNB, whilst 16% never carried AGNB (P0.005). Carriage developed significantly earlier than septicaemia.The incidence of septicaemia was significantly greater in the subset of abnormal carriers. Although gut overgrowth with abnormal flora reflects illness severity, the fact that it preceded septicaemia implicates AGNB overgrowth, per se, as a contributory factor in the development of septicaemia related to parenteral nutrition. Prevention is unlikely to be successful if it ignores the abnormal flora.

The ``Snowmass Points and Slopes'' (SPS) are a set of benchmark points and parameter lines in the MSSM parameter space corresponding to different scenarios in the search for Supersymmetry at present and future experiments. This set of benchmarks was agreed upon at the 2001 ``Snowmass Workshop on the Future of Particle Physics'' as a consensus based on different existing proposals., 12 pages, 3 figures

We investigate quark flavor signals in three different supersymmetric models, the minimal supergravity, the SU(5) SUSY GUT with right handed neutrinos, and the minimal supersymmetric standard model with U(2) flavor symmetry, in order to study physics potential of the present and future $B$ factories. We evaluate CP asymmetries in various B decay modes, $\Delta m_{B_s}$, $\Delta m_{B_d}$, and $\epsilon_K$. The allowed regions of the CP asymmetry in $B\to J/\psi K_S$ and $\Delta m_{B_s}/\Delta m_{B_d}$ are different for the three models so that precise determinations of these observables in near future experiments are useful to distinguish the three models. We also investigate possible deviations from the standard model predictions of CP asymmetries in other B decay modes. In particular, a large deviation is possible for the U(2) model. The consistency check of the unitarity triangle including $B\to \pi\pi,\rho\pi,D^{(*)}K^{(*)},D^{(*)}\pi,D^{*}\rho$, and so on, at future high luminosity $e^+e^-$ $B$ factories and hadronic $B$ experiments is therefore important to distinguish flavor structures of different supersymmetric models., Comment: revtex4, 31 pages, 7 figures

Superior colliculus (SC) slices were prepared from guinea pigs and postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were recorded in the superficial grey layer of the SC after electrical stimulation to the optic layer (OL). Tetanic stimulation of 50 Hz frequency and 20 s duration to the OL induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the PSP increasing the amplitude to 140% of the original level in 30 min. Tetanic stimulation failed to induce LTP after application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (300 μM, 1 or 3 mM) to the perfusion medium. On the other hand, tetanic stimulation to the OL after application of bicuculline methiodide (1 μM), a GABA A receptor antagonist, facilitated the formation of LTP. These results indicate that GABA modulates the formation of LTP in the SC.

Data rate demand for wireless systems due to variety of applications is permanently growing. Recently, 60 GHz band is worldwide allocated as a possible band for ultrabroadband applications. In this paper basic scenarios for outdoor, underground and large hall type of environments are proposed, together with technology requirements and specific technology solutions. In contrast to the clear indoor applications, the new additional approach opens new applications within public download capabilities, and high data rate communication in GigaBit/s area. The basic ideas for the new arts of the business model where connectivity is free of charge are outlined.

The effects of supersymmetric particles on flavor changing neutral current and lepton flavor violating processes are studied in supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory with right-handed neutrino supermultiplets. Using input parameters motivated by neutrino oscillation, it is shown that the time-dependent $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetry of radiative B decay can be as large as 25% when the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ branching ratio becomes close to the present experimental upper bound. We also show that the ${B}_{s}\char21{}{B}_{s}$ mixing can be significantly different from the presently allowed range in the standard model.

Theoretical overview on phenomenology of Higgs boson and SUSY Higgs boson at a future linear collider experiment is given as a Higgs and SUSY Higgs working group summary report for LCWS 2000., 14 page, 4 figures, Talk given at Linear Collider Workshop 2000, October 24 -28, 2000, Fermilab

Motivated from the recent results of neutrino oscillation experiment, we investigated lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes in a SU(5) supersymmetric grand unified theory with right-handed neutrino. The current experimental upper bound for $\mu \to e\gamma$ process gives already some constraint on the model. Correlation between $\mu \to e \gamma$ and the SUSY contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment is also discussed. Future LFV experiments will give considerable impacts on this type of SUSY GUT models equipped with seesaw neutrino mass generation., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Talk given by K. Okumura at the 3rd International Workshop on Neutrino Factories based on Muon Storage Rings (NuFACT'01 Workshop) Tsukuba, Japan, May 24-30, 2001

We calculate the ratio of the two branching ratios, Br(h -> bb-bar) and Br(h -> cc-bar) + Br(h -> gg), in the minimal supersymmetric standard model taking into account the SUSY-loop corrections to the Higgs sector and the hbb-bar vertex. We show that the heavy Higgs mass can be extracted from the ratio, almost independently of other SUSY parameters, in the region of tan(beta) ~< 10., Talk given by S.Kiyoura at the Linear Collider Workshop 2000, October 24-28, 2000, Fermilab

We calculated the differential cross sections of the processes in which one of the pair created tau particles at an e^+ e^- collider decays into lepton flavor violating final states e.g. tau -> mu gamma, tau -> 3 mu, tau -> mu ee. Using the correlations between angular distributions of both sides of tau decays, we can obtain information on parity and CP violations of lepton flavor non-conserving interactions. The formulae derived here are useful in distinguishing different models, since each model of physics beyond the standard model predicts different angular correlations. We also calculate angular distributions of the major background process to tau -> l gamma search, namely tau -> l nu \bar�� gamma, and discuss usefulness of the angular correlation for background suppression., 31 pages, 5 figures

To investigate the functional significance of anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis on neural activity and levels of high energy phosphates, we tested the effects of glucose, mannose, fructose lactate, and pyruvate on the maintenance of neural activity and on the levels of ATP and creatine-P (CrP) in hippocampal slices. For an index of neural activity, population spikes (PS) evoked in the granule cell layer were monitored. Immediately after deprivation of glucose, the PS amplitude was gradually reduced and extinguished within 30 mm. Replacement of glucose with either lactate or pyruvate resulted in a decay and loss of PS with a similar time-course as observed during glucose deprivation. However, after the complete loss of neural activity for 10-20 min the PS reappeared and recovered to normal levels. The replacement of glucose with either mannose or fructose resulted in a transient decrease of the PS to 80-70% of the original amplitude in 20 mm, followed by recovery. The time-course of the decrease of PS in the mannose-containing medium was slower than that in the medium containing fructose and the time-course of recovery was faster. ATP and CrP were reduced to 90 and 70% of original level in each slice after glucose deprivation for 30 and 100 mm, respectively. In media containing either lactate, pyruvate, mannose, or fructose, the level of ATP and CrP was maintained at the original level. The anaerobic metabolic rate of glucose, mannose and fructose, determined by the rate of lactate production during complete anoxia, was consistent with the order of the decay and recovery of the PS in mannose and fructose-containing medium. The mode of the transient decay or loss of PS with no apparent reduction in the levels of ATP and CrP in each slice, in the presence of either mannose, fructose or lactate, indicates that anaerobic glycolysis is crucial for the maintenance of PS. The results obtained in this experiment are not in accordance with the reports by Schurr and Fowler in which they showed that lactate can support neural activity, although they did not measure the levels of ATP and CrP in slices. The present experiment disclosed that this discrepancy was due to the difference of slice preparation; namely rapidly prepared slice with shorter period anoxia (1 mm after removal of hippocampal tissue block) gives the results mentioned in the present study whereas slowly prepared slices by vibratome or chopper method with longer period of ischemia (5-20 mm), did not show transient loss of PS after application of lactate. Thus present experiment indicates that glycolytic process is essential for maintaining neural activity for physiological state of slices, if it is admitted to say that rapidly prepared slices is more physiological because they are exposed on shorter period of ischemia, and that more careful attention should be paid for the interpretation of the results of slice experiment according to the method of slice preparation.

To clarify the importance of glucose metabolism in maintaining neural activity, we investigated the effects of lowering the concentration of glucose in perfusion medium on synaptic activity (population spikes, PS) and on the level of high energy phosphates in the region of dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 and CA1 area of hippocampal slices of guinea pig. Further we determined the activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and hexokinase (HK) of these areas. Lowering the concentration of glucose from 10 to 5, 4, 3, 1 and 0 (mM) caused a reduction in the PS amplitude. The PS in CA3 and CA1 region decayed and extinguished much faster than that in DG area. The ATP and CrP levels in these three areas were well preserved even after lowering the concentration of glucose to 3 mM, and the patterns of reduction showed no difference in these three areas. On the other hand, there were significant differences in the activity of PFK in the DG, CA3 and CA1 areas, in contrast with HK which showed no significant differences. PFK activity was highest in the DG area and followed by CA3 and CA1 regions. The sensitivity in maintaining synaptic activity to lowered glucose concentrations showed good parallels with the activity of PFK in these regions, indicating that non-oxidative glycolytic metabolism regulated by PFK is crucial for the maintenance of synaptic activity

$\mu^{+} \to e^{+} \gamma$ and $\mu^{+} \to e^{+}e^{+}e^{-}$ processes are analyzed in detail with polarized muons in supersymmetric grand unified theories. We first present Dalitz plot distribution for $\mu^{+} \to e^{+}e^{+}e^{-}$ decay based on effective Lagrangian with general lepton-flavor-violating couplings and define various P- and T-odd asymmetries. We calculate branching ratios and asymmetries in supersymmetric SU(5) and SO(10) models taking into account complex soft supersymmetry breaking terms. Imposing constraints from experimental bounds on the electron, neutron and atomic electric dipole moments, we find that the T-odd asymmetry for $\mu^{+} \to e^{+}e^{+}e^{-}$ can be 15% in the SU(5) case. P-odd asymmetry with respect to muon polarization for $\mu^{+} \to e^{+} \gamma$ varies from -20% to -100% for the SO(10) model while it is $+100%$ in the SU(5) case. We also show that the P-odd asymmetries in $\mu^{+} \to e^{+}e^{+}e^{-}$ and the ratio of $\mu^{+} \to e^{+}e^{+}e^{-}$ and $\mu^{+} \to e^{+} \gamma$ branching fractions are useful to distinguish different models.

To generate small neutrino masses radiatively, the Zee-model introduces two Higgs doublets and one weak-singlet charged Higgs boson to its Higgs sector. From analyzing the renormalization group equations, we determine the possibile range of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson ($h$) mass and the Higgs boson self-couplings as a function of the cut-off scale beyond which either some of the coupling constants are strong enough to invalidate the perturbative analysis or the stability of the electroweak vacuum is no longer guaranteed. Using the results obtained from the above analysis, we find that the singlet charged Higgs boson can significantly modify the partial decay width of $h \to \gamma \gamma$ via radiative corrections, and its collider phenomenology can also be drastically different from that of the charged Higgs bosons in the usual two-Higgs-doublet models., Comment: Added a paragraph and a figure in Section V, corrected typos, added references. (RevTeX, 45 pages, 16 figures included.) To appear in Physical Review D

SUSY effects on various flavor changing neutral current processes are discussed in the minimal supergravity model and the SU(5) grand unified theory with right-handed neutrino supermultiplets. In particular, in the latter case the neutrino Yukawa coupling constants can be a source of the flavor mixing in the right-handed-down-type-squark sector. It is shown that due to this mixing the time-dependent CP asymmetry of radiative B decay can be as large as 30% and the ratio of $B_s$-$\bar{B}_s$ mixing and $B_d$-$\bar{B}_d$ mixing deviates from the prediction in the standard model and the minimal supergravity model without the neutrino interaction., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, talk given at the Third International Conference on B Physics and CP Violation, December 3 -7, 1999, Taipei