171 results on '"Yang, Charles Q."'
Search Results
152. The effect of particle size on peak intensities of FT—IR photoacoustic spectra
- Author
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Yang, Charles Q., primary and Fateley, William G., additional
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. The effect of particle size on fourier-transform infrared photoacoustic spectra
- Author
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Yang, Charles Q., primary and Fateley, William G., additional
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. Flame Retardant Textiles in China.
- Author
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Yang, Charles Q., Weil, Edward, and Donglaing Yang
- Subjects
FIREPROOFING agents ,PROTECTIVE clothing ,TEXTILE industry ,TEXTILES ,LAW - Abstract
The article discusses the government regulations involving the development of flame retardant textiles in China. One of the reasons why China is vital in the flame retardant textile business is the fact that the country has many operating phosphorus furnaces. Several regulations in the country are associated with textile flammability. One regulation focuses on the classification, technical requirements, test approaches, evaluation standards, packaging and labeling of woven flame retardant textile fabrics.
- Published
- 2010
155. Flame Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fleece Using Maleic Acid and Sodium Hypophosphite.
- Author
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Xialing Wu and Yang, Charles Q.
- Subjects
FIRE testing of textiles ,FIRE resistant polymers ,FIREPROOFING agents ,COTTON textiles ,FLEECE (Textile) ,MALEIC acid ,TEXTILE research - Abstract
The reactions of maleic acid/sodium hypophosphite (NaH
2 P02 ) with cotton cellulose and the effectiveness of this treatment in reducing the flammability of cotton fleece were studied. Cotton fleece was treated with different concentrations of maleic acid/NaH2 PO2 , in which NaH2 PO2 was both a catalyst and a reactant, The results showed that the maleic acid/NaH2 P02 system was effective in reducing the flammability of cotton fleece. The esterification reaction occurred at low temperature and the ester amount increased slightly with the curing temperature, The phosphorous content and phosphorous retention on the cotton fleece increased sharply with the curing temperature. NaH2 P02 was shown to be an effective catalyst/reactant resulting in high phosphorous retention and high ester amount on the treated cotton fleece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
156. Wrinkle Recovery Angle and Wrinkle Recovery Appearance Rating for Durable Press Finished Cotton Fabrics.
- Author
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Xiaoqun Qiu and Yang, Charles Q.
- Subjects
TEST methods ,COTTON textiles ,TEXTILES ,CLOTHING & dress ,STRENGTH of materials - Abstract
Dry wrinkle recovery, measured by AATCC Test Methods 66 and 128, is a critical technical parameter for assessing the performance of durable press (DP) finished cotton fabrics and garments. The usefulness of these standard test methods for measuring the wrinkle recovery performance of DP finished cotton fabrics was evaluated. As cotton fabric was treated with increasing concentrations of crosslinking agents and higher curing temperatures, the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of the treated fabric increased steadily, whereas tensile strength decreased, indicating increased crosslinking. AATCC Test Method 66 appeared to be a reliable quantitative testing method. AATCC Test Method 128, however, was unable to differentiate DP finished fabrics with different performances. It is recommended that AATCC Test Method 128 be revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
157. A Durable Low-Formaldehyde Flame Retardant Finish for Cotton Fabrics.
- Author
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Stowell, Jeffrey K. and Yang, Charles Q.
- Subjects
COTTON textiles ,SURFACE coatings ,COATING processes ,SURFACES (Technology) ,THIN films ,FINISHES & finishing ,FIREPROOFING agents ,FIRE prevention ,TEXTILES - Abstract
The challenge still exists for designing better flame retardant (FR) products and systems to meet the ever-growing needs of the textile market. In particular, there is a growing demand for durable FR finishes for cotton and only a limited number of finishing chemistries available in the market. This study details the development of a new phosphorus-based technology that is easy to apply using current pad! dry/cure textile wet processing technologies and currently available durable press finishes. Once applied, the treatments are durable to numerous home launderings and in some cases even enhance the physical properties of the fabrics over that of non-FR durable press finishing treatments. The effects of various param- eters (e.g., formulations, bath pH, percent add-on, and curing temperatures) are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
158. Textile Flammability Measured and Evaluated by Micro-scale Combustion Calorimetry.
- Author
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Qingliang He and Yang, Charles Q.
- Abstract
The article presents a study which measures and evaluates the textile flammability through micro-scale combustion calorimetry. It notes the use of micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) in measuring textile flammability through controlled temperature program. Results of the study show the decrease of the specimen weight with the increase of moisture content, thus indicating its effect on textiles' flammability performance. Thus, the capability of MCC to provide vital information for the flammability evaluation of textile materials is affirmed.
- Published
- 2009
159. Flame Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fleece Fabric: The Combination of a Hydroxyl-Functional Organophosphorus Oligomer and 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid.
- Author
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Yang, Charles Q. and Xinying Cheng
- Abstract
The article presents a study that examines the flame retardation of finishing of cotton fleece fabric with the use of combination of a hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) and butanetetracarboxylic acid. It denotes that the researchers have added triethanolamine as a reactive additive for the enhancement of the flame retardance of HFPO and to provide synergistic nitrogen to the HFPO system. It explains that cotton woven fabric treated with 12.0% HFPO and triethanolamine (TEA) at a different concentration.
- Published
- 2009
160. Comparison of photoacoustic, diffuse reflectance and transmission infrared spectroscopy for the study of carbon fibres
- Author
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Yang, Charles Q. and Simms, John R.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
161. Infrared spectroscopy studies of the photooxidation of a polyethylene nonwoven fabric
- Author
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Martin, Linette K. and Yang, Charles Q.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
162. Molecular modeling of cellulose in amorphous state part II: effects of rigid and flexible crosslinks on cellulose
- Author
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Chen, Wei, Lickfield, Gary C., and Yang, Charles Q.
- Subjects
- *
CELLULOSE , *CHEMICAL processes , *MOLECULAR biology , *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry - Abstract
It is essential to understand the molecular level response of crosslinked cellulose chain segments upon deformation, in order to develop new agents which convey high durable-press (DP) rating to cellulose fibers with minimal strength loss. In this work models of amorphous cellulose crosslinked with both rigid and flexible crosslinks were constructed computationally for this purpose. Rigid crosslinks bound cellulose molecular segments together and blocked the chain slippage, providing cellulose models with a higher initial modulus and better elastic response. However, the loss of the chain slippage led to stress being distributed unevenly among cellulose chains. Chains in some regions were subjected higher stress and these regions were opened up much more than the rest of the cellulose, which presumably caused models to fail. When conformationally flexible crosslinks were used, breaking strain of cellulose was not significantly reduced but deformation recovery was not improved either, in comparison with the models of untreated cellulose. Conformational transitions were observed in the flexible crosslinks during extension. These results help to explain how and why rigid crosslinks work to provide wrinkle resistant properties and why they also lower tensile strength, and that just using a conformationally flexible crosslinking will not provide any recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
163. Molecular modeling of cellulose in amorphous state. Part I: model building and plastic deformation study
- Author
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Chen, Wei, Lickfield, Gary C., and Yang, Charles Q.
- Subjects
- *
MOLECULAR dynamics , *CELLULOSE , *HYDROGEN , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) - Abstract
Molecular modeling was utilized to provide insight into the yielding behavior and poor recovery from applied strain for cellulose. Amorphous cellulose models were successfully built and examined with the use of force field pcff_300_1.01. High-temperature molecular dynamics, followed by minimization, was used to generate relaxed structures for amorphous cellulose. Properties related to inter-molecular interactions were calculated for these models and found to be comparable with literature values. The observed yielding for these models, which occurred at approximately 7–8% strain, was found to be due to the disruption of hydrogen bonds between cellulose chain segments. New hydrogen bonds were formed in extension but only 1/3 of these were broken during recovery. These newly formed hydrogen bonds were found to hold the cellulose chain segments in the new positions thus resulting in poor deformation recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
164. Modified Silica Sol Coatings for Highly Hydrophobic Cotton and Polyester Fabrics Using a One-Step Procedure.
- Author
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Zhu, Quan, Gao, Qinwen, Guo, Yuliang, Yang, Charles Q., and Shen, Li
- Subjects
- *
SILICA , *SURFACE coatings , *HYDROPHOBIC surfaces , *COTTON , *POLYESTER fibers , *WATER , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *CONDENSATION , *SILANE compounds - Abstract
The applications of water-resistant and stain-resistant finishes to apparel have become widespread in recent years due to high consumer demand. In our previous research, we studied the formation of highly hydrophobic surfaces on cotton and polyester fabrics using a two-step treatment procedure, i.e., first forming silica sol by hydrolysis and subsequent condensation of tetraethoxysilane under alkaline conditions, applying the sol to the surfaces of cotton and polyester fabrics, and then applying hydrolyzed hexadecyltrimethoxysilane on the treated fabrics to impart hydrophobicity to the surfaces of the fabrics. In this research, we developed a novel one-step procedure to form highly hydrophobic surfaces on cotton and polyester fabrics using different modified silica sols. The first series of modified silica sol (“sol A”) was prepared by the reactions of a sol formed by alkaline hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and alkyltrialkoxysilanes in a NH4OH−ethanol solution. A second series (“sol B”) was prepared by the reactions of a sol formed by the same method, followed by adding (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and alkyltrialkoxysilanes to the sol. The cotton and polyester fabrics treated with the two modified silica sol systems showed excellent water repellency with the water contact angle above 150° on cotton and above 140° on polyester under the optimum treatment conditions. The treated cotton and polyester had significantly improved hydrolysis resistance and maintained high levels of hydrophobicity after 30 laundering cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
165. Integrating additional factors into the TNM staging for cutaneous melanoma by machine learning.
- Author
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Yang CQ, Wang H, Liu Z, Hueman MT, Bhaskaran A, Henson DE, Sheng L, and Chen D
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Machine Learning, Male, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, SEER Program, Sensitivity and Specificity, Survival Analysis, Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant, Melanoma mortality, Melanoma pathology, Skin Neoplasms mortality, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Background: Integrating additional factors into the TNM staging system is needed for more accurate risk classification and survival prediction for patients with cutaneous melanoma. In the present study, we introduce machine learning as a novel tool that incorporates additional prognostic factors to improve the current TNM staging system., Methods and Findings: Cancer-specific survival data for cutaneous melanoma with at least a 5 years follow-up were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute and split into the training set (40,781 cases) and validation set (5,390 cases). Five factors were studied: the primary tumor (T), regional lymph nodes (N), distant metastasis (M), age (A), and sex (S). The Ensemble Algorithm for Clustering Cancer Data (EACCD) was applied to the training set to generate prognostic groups. Utilizing only T, N, and M, a basic prognostic system was built where patients were stratified into 10 prognostic groups with well-separated survival curves, similar to 10 AJCC stages. These 10 groups had a significantly higher accuracy in survival prediction than 10 stages (C-index = 0.7682 vs 0.7643; increase in C-index = 0.0039, 95% CI = (0.0032, 0.0047); p-value = 7.2×10-23). Nevertheless, a positive association remained between the EACCD grouping and the AJCC staging (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.8316; p-value = 4.5×10-13). With additional information from A and S, a more advanced prognostic system was established using the training data that stratified patients into 10 groups and further improved the prediction accuracy (C-index = 0.7865 vs 0.7643; increase in C-index = 0.0222, 95% CI = (0.0191, 0.0254); p-value = 8.8×10-43). Both internal validation using the training set and temporal validation using the validation set showed good stratification and a high predictive accuracy of the prognostic systems., Conclusions: The EACCD allows additional factors to be integrated into the TNM to create a prognostic system that improves patient stratification and survival prediction for cutaneous melanoma. This integration separates favorable from unfavorable clinical outcomes for patients and improves both cohort selection for clinical trials and treatment management., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
166. Creating Prognostic Systems for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Using Machine Learning.
- Author
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Yang CQ, Gardiner L, Wang H, Hueman MT, and Chen D
- Abstract
Updates to staging models are needed to reflect a greater understanding of tumor behavior and clinical outcomes for well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We used a machine learning algorithm and disease-specific survival data of differentiated thyroid carcinoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute to integrate clinical factors to improve prognostic accuracy. The concordance statistic (C-index) was used to cut dendrograms resulting from the learning process to generate prognostic groups. We created one computational prognostic model (7 prognostic groups with C-index = 0.8583) based on tumor size (T), regional lymph nodes (N), status of distant metastasis (M), and age to mirror the contemporary American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (C-index = 0.8387). We showed that adding histologic type (papillary and follicular) improved the survival prediction of the model. We also showed that 55 is the best cutoff of age in the model, consistent with the changes from the most recent 8th edition staging manual from AJCC. The demonstrated approach has the potential to create prognostic systems permitting data driven and real time analysis that can aid decision-making in patient management and prognostication.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
167. Intralesional Cidofovir for Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Laryngeal Herpes Manifesting as Supraglottic Mass.
- Author
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Yang CQ, Mathur A, Kumar PN, and Dhillon VK
- Subjects
- Humans, Injections, Intralesional, Laryngitis pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Acyclovir therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents administration & dosage, Cidofovir administration & dosage, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Herpes Simplex pathology, Laryngitis virology
- Abstract
Introduction:: Laryngopharyngeal herpes simplex virus infection is rare and presents typically in the supraglottis. Findings on presentation can range from small mucosal lesions to fungating obstructive masses mimicking neoplasm. Laryngopharyngeal herpes is a medically treated disease., Objectives:: Identify potential treatment in cases that are refractory to antiviral medications., Methods:: Individual case with treatment adapted from other case report., Case Presentation:: We report a case of bulky, obstructive supraglottic and glottic herpes virus laryngitis that presented with dysphonia, dysphagia, and airway complaints resistant to acyclovir analogues that was treated effectively with intralesional cidofovir injection., Conclusions:: Our promising initial response suggests a potential novel treatment for this unusual condition.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
168. Creating prognostic systems for cancer patients: A demonstration using breast cancer.
- Author
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Hueman MT, Wang H, Yang CQ, Sheng L, Henson DE, Schwartz AM, and Chen D
- Subjects
- Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Clinical Decision-Making, Disease Management, Female, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Staging, Patient Outcome Assessment, Prognosis, SEER Program, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Integrating additional prognostic factors into the tumor, lymph node, metastasis staging system improves the relative stratification of cancer patients and enhances the accuracy in planning their treatment options and predicting clinical outcomes. We describe a novel approach to build prognostic systems for cancer patients that can admit any number of prognostic factors. In the approach, an unsupervised learning algorithm was used to create dendrograms and the C-index was used to cut dendrograms to generate prognostic groups. Breast cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute were used for demonstration. Two relative prognostic systems were created for breast cancer. One system (7 prognostic groups with C-index = 0.7295) was based on tumor size, regional lymph nodes, and no distant metastasis. The other system (7 prognostic groups with C-index = 0.7458) was based on tumor size, regional lymph nodes, no distant metastasis, grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and age. The dendrograms showed a relationship between survival and prognostic factors. The proposed approach is able to create prognostic systems that have a good accuracy in survival prediction and provide a manageable number of prognostic groups. The prognostic systems have the potential to permit a thorough database analysis of all information relevant to decision-making in patient management and prognosis., (© 2018 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
169. Barriers to pediatric cochlear implantation: A parental survey.
- Author
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Yang CQ, Reilly BK, and Preciado DA
- Subjects
- Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Parents, Retrospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cochlear Implantation statistics & numerical data, Cochlear Implants statistics & numerical data, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural surgery, Insurance Coverage statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: This study aims to (1) determine barriers in the pediatric cochlear implantation process specific to publicly insured patients, wherein delayed implantation has been reported, and (2) compare the perceived barriers between publicly and privately insured patients., Setting: Tertiary care cochlear implantation center at academic pediatric hospital., Study Design: Cross-sectional survey, retrospective chart review., Methods: The validated, 39 item Barriers to Care Questionnaire was administered to the parents of 80 recipients of cochlear implantation by two surgeons between 2013 and 2016. Survey results and diagnosis to implant interval were compared based on public or private insurance status. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis., Results: Of 110 cochlear implants, 27 of 80 (34%) English-speaking parents completed the survey. 15 were privately insured and 12 were publicly insured. 23 of 27 respondents received cochlear implantation for pre-lingual sensorineural hearing loss. Publicly insured patients had significantly longer median time from diagnosis to implant than privately insured (19 vs. 8 mo, p = 0.01). The three worst scoring barrier categories for privately insured families in order were Pragmatics, Expectations, and Marginalization, whereas for publicly insured families it was Pragmatics, Skills, and Expectations. The worst scoring question for privately insured patients was "Having to take time off work". For the publicly insured, it was "Lack of communication.", Conclusion: Privately insured patients reported more barriers on the Barriers to Care Questionnaire than publicly insured patients did. Although pragmatics was the worst-scoring barrier category for both groups, difficulties found on the survey ranked differently for each group. This information can help providers address disparities and access barriers for vulnerable patients., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
170. Heat Release Property and Fire Performance of the Nomex/Cotton Blend Fabric Treated with a Nonformaldehyde Organophosphorus System.
- Author
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Yang CQ and Chen Q
- Abstract
Blending Nomex
® with cotton improves its affordability and serviceability. Because cotton is a highly flammable fiber, Nomex® /cotton blend fabrics containing more than 20% cotton require flame-retardant treatment. In this research, combination of a hydroxyl functional organophosphorus oligmer (HFPO) and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was used for flame retardant finishing of the 65/35 Nomex® /cotton blend woven fabric. The system contains HFPO as a flame retardant, BTCA as a bonding agent, and triethenolamine (TEA) as a reactive additive used to enhance the performance of HFPO/BTCA. Addition of TEA improves the hydrolysis resistance of the HFPO/BTCA crosslinked polymeric network on the blend fabric. Additionally, TEA enhances HFPO's flame retardant performance by reducing formation of calcium salts and also by providing synergistic nitrogen to the treated blend fabric. The Nomex® /cotton blend fabric treated with the HFPO/BTCA/TEA system shows high flame resistance and high laundering durability at a relatively low HFPO concentration of 8% ( w / w ). The heat release properties of the treated Nomex® /cotton blend fabric were measured using microscale combustion calorimetry. The functions of BTCA; HFPO and TEA on the Nomex® /cotton blend fabric were elucidated based on the heat release properties, char formation, and fire performance of the treated blend fabric.- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
171. Nonformaldehyde durable press finishing of cotton fabrics using the combination of maleic acid and sodium hypophosphite.
- Author
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Peng H, Yang CQ, and Wang S
- Abstract
Polycarboxylic acids have been used as nonformaldehyde crosslinking agents for cotton with sodium hypophosphite (NaH
2 PO2 ) as the catalyst to replace the formaldehyde-based dimethyloldihydroxyethleneurea (DMDHEU). Maleic acid (MA), an α, β-unsaturated bifunctional carboxylic acid, can esterify cotton but is not able to form crosslinking between two cellulose molecules by itself. In this research, we discovered that the wrinkle resistance of the cotton fabric treated with MA and NaH2 PO2 was significantly increased and phosphorus was bound to cotton when the treated fabric was exposed to temperatures higher than that required for esterification of cotton by MA. Elevation of the fabric wrinkle resistance and increase in quantity of the phosphorus bound to cotton had similar dependency on curing temperature, on MA concentration, and on NaH2 PO2 concentration. All the data support the hypothesis that H-P-(residual of NaH2 PO2 ) added to >CC< of the MA already bound to cotton by esterification, thus forming a new crosslink between two cotton cellulose molecules. The cotton fabrics treated by MA/NaH2 PO2 showed fabric wrinkle resistance similar to that treated with DMDHEU, but the breaking strength and tearing strength of the MA-treated cotton fabrics were significantly improved., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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