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In Aedes albopictus various types of sensillae were on the head and its appendages with distinctmorphological features. The antennae and maxillary palps play a major role in host detection,and other sensory-mediated behaviors. Six long sensilla chaetica were arranged in circularshape and spread uniformly across the diameter of the antennal flagellomers. Maxillarypalp is a relatively simple organ compared to antennae, consists of five segments, which denselycovered dorsal side with flattened scales, but chemosensory sensilla on ventral side. Thus,a desirable model for exploring neuromolecular networks surrounds chemo- and mechanosensation.Proboscis analyses gustatory code via food intake and involved in identification. Labellumexhibits the most of sensory structures on the proboscis. Numerous sensillatrichoidea distributeon antennal flagellomers.A significant difference in diameter of sensillacoeloconica that protruding from distal tip ofantennal flagellomers. Sensillachaetica with greater morphological variation were distributedthroughout Ae. albopictus head and appendages. Variation between different sensillae indicatestheir functions. Aporous sensilla play the mechanoreceptive role but, porous sensillawere contact chemoreceptors and olfactory ones. sensory mechanisms were extensivestudied, about Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus sensory systems is insufficient.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been rising alarmingly and it has now become a global concern causing an enormous economic burden on the health care system. MetS is generally linked to complications in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and low grade inflammation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin, co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and their combination on blood pressure, blood sugar, dyslipidemia, and liver function in rats with MetS induced by high fructose and high fat diet (HF-HFD) and the possible underlying mechanism. Oral administration of rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day) and their combination for 4 weeks in HF-HFD-fed rats elevated serum high density lipoprotein and reduced glutathione. On the other hand, treatment with rosuvastatin, CoQ10 or their combination decreased the serum levels of malondialdehyde, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol as well as systolic blood pressure, body weight and fasting blood glucose level. In addition, the drugs or their combination declined serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. In conclusion, our results showed that rosuvastatin or CoQ10 protected against HF-HFD-induced MetS through the regulation of dyslipidemia, elevated blood glucose, elevated blood pressure, antioxidant defenses and inflammatory response. Rosuvastatin or CoQ10 also alleviated the impairment of liver function that was induced by HF-HFD. Interestingly, CoQ10 augmented rosuvastatin's effect in ameliorating MetS, via exerting synergistic modulatory effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, rosuvastatin and CoQ10 combination therapy may have possible applications in ameliorating metabolic disorders.

La investigación tuvo por objetivo explicar los factores socioeconómicos que influyen en la morosidad de una cooperativa de ahorro y crédito, dedicada a la captación de los ingresos por medio de ahorros, depósitos a plazo fijo y desembolsos por medio del otorgamiento de créditos individuales, siendo este último, materia de análisis. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa correlacional, aplicada a 120 socios en condición de morosos. Los resultados del análisis de los factores socioeconómicos señalan que existe una relación altamente significativa con la morosidad, con un coeficiente de Pearson de 0.519. Se concluye que a causa de la crisis económica nacional e internacional de la pandemia del COVID-19 los socios incumplieron con el pago de las obligaciones contraídas con la institución. Por ello es necesario que los asesores y promotores consideren estos riesgos al momento de evaluar los créditos, con la finalidad de asegurar el retorno de los créditos otorgados.

Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. The modern concept of construction is directed at the use of recycled materials, in particular, various waste products. This solves a number of problems -saving the expensive materials; - decreasing CO2 emissions by reducing the production of construction materials, so, these can also be used as refractory materials. Plant fibers are the most abundant fiber among all the natural fibers. Bamboo, palm, sisal, jute, date kernel, flax etc. are the commonly known plant fibers. Plant fibers are also called cellulosic fiber and have quite promising tensile strength. Natural Plant fibers treated by pyrolysis in concrete such as additions; determine the effect of these substances and the effect of temperature on the properties of concrete. The natural fibers in concrete are added accordingly with the percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by weight of cement concrete cubes are tested at the age of 7 and 28 days of curing. Natural waste treated by pyrolysis and different additives on concrete behavior to improve its performance in the future to use in Civil Engineering and Construction World. The optimum result for natural fibers was observed at 1.0% for bamboo and date kernel and 1.5% for palm oil of natural fiber.

PPAR-γ anti-inflammatory functions have received significant attention since its agonists have been shown to exert a wide range of protective effects in many experimental models of neurologic diseases. Rice bran is very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are reported to act as PPAR-γ partial agonists. Herein, the anti-inflammatory effect of rice bran extract (RBE) through PPAR-γ activation was evaluated in LPS-induced neuroinflammatory mouse model in comparison to pioglitazone (PG) using 80 Swiss albino mice. RBE (100 mg/kg) and PG (30 mg/kg) were given orally for 21 days and LPS (0.25 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for the last 7 days. TNF-α and COX-2 brain contents were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, NFκB binding to its response element was evaluated alongside with the effect of treatments on IκB gene expression. Furthermore, PPAR-γ sumoylation was also studied. Finally, histopathological examination was performed for different brain areas. RBE administration was found to protect against the LPS-induced inflammatory effects by decreasing the inflammatory mediator expression in mice brains. It also decreased PPAR-γ sumoylation without significant effect on IκB expression or NFκB binding to its response element. The majority of the effects were attenuated in presence of PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662). Level of significance was set to P

Background: Central venous stenosis or occlusion (CVSO) is a major complication in hemodialysis patients that significantly affects morbidity and failure of the peripheral arteriovenous fistula (AVF). However, the best treatment is still unknown (surgical or endovascular). Endovascular treatment is a widely accepted option that includes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with or without stenting. The optimal endovascular treatment is still undetermined. Aim: To study the success rate and effect of endovascular intervention as angioplasty alone or with stenting, in patients with CVSO as optimal endovascular treatment still undetermined. Patients and Methods: this is uncontrolled clinical trial was conducted in Suez Canal University Hospital in the period between July 2017 to July 2019 and follow-up for 12 months. Thirty-four patients with compromised upper limb arteriovenous fistula due to CVSO were included to assess the patency rate of primary angioplasty with or without stenting. Any patients with (mediastinal lesion invading central veins, ipsilateral peripheral vein stenosis, or infected AVF) were excluded. Results: The mean age of studied patients was 53.06±8.49 with a slightly larger number (19) of females (56%). Pre-intervention, the innominate vein was the highest affected with lesion by 41%. Occlusion was in 9 patients (26%), while; 25patients (74%) had stenotic lesion. The success rate of primary patency was 55%, follow-up of the successful cases at 3, 6, and 12 months with patency rate 91%,77%, and 59% respectively. There was no significant difference in the patency rate during one-year follow-up regarding the use of angioplasty alone or with stenting. Conclusion: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting according to our results is successful, safe, and effective in managing central venous lesions in compromised AVF in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Contrary to traditional long saphenous vein (LSV) surgeries, stripping and endovenous laser ablation, using heat coagulation, ambulatory conservative hemodynamic correction of venous insufficiency (CHIVA) is LSV sparing technique. Aim: Based on the lack of studies discussing success and recurrence rate, this study was designed to assess the immediate and one-year follow-up of this technique, as well as its efficacy and safety. Patients and Methods: Thirty-three patients with primary LSV varicosities were included in this uncontrolled clinical trial. Patients with LSV diameter of ≥ 9.5mm or pregnancy were excluded. Results: The mean age of our patients was 33.36±8.865 years, and 54.5% of them were males. According to Hobb's score, 25 patients (75.7%) were completely cured, 6 patients (18.1%) were improved, while 2 patients (6.2%) were considered as failure. Most (87.9%) of the patients showed absent or no visible recurrence. The rest showed visible recurrence by duplex ultrasound. All patients had significant improvement of their symptoms (no pain, or edema) at the immediate follow-up after operation. No complication including hematomas, ecchymosis, hemorrhage, saphenous nerve neuralgia, phlebitis, infection, deep or LSV thrombosis was detected. Conclusion: CHIVA is a successful and effective option in managing patients with primary long Saphenous varicosities, with minimal recurrence rate, after one-year of follow-up.

Neuronal progranulin (PGRN) overexpression is an endogenous adaptive pain defense following nerve injury. It allows the survival of injured neurons to block enhanced nociceptive responses. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is widely used by cardiac patients as an anti-anginal drug, reflecting its anti-ischemic property. TMZ promotes axonal regeneration of sciatic nerves after crush injury. This study explored the interplay between PGRN and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) to address mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain alleviation following paclitaxel (PTX) administration. Rats were given four injections of PTX (2 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day. Two days after the last dose, rats received TMZ (25 mg/kg) with or without the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, daily for 21 days. TMZ preserved the integrity of myelinated nerve fibers, as evidenced by an obvious reduction in axonal damage biomarkers. Accordingly, it alleviated PTX-evoked thermal, cold, and mechanical hyperalgesia/allodynia. TMZ also promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation with a profound upsurge in PGRN content. These effects were associated with a substantial increase in Notch1 receptor gene expression and a prominent anti-inflammatory effect with a marked increase in mRNA expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor. Further, TMZ decreased oxidative stress and caspase-3 activity in the sciatic nerve. Conversely, co-administration of PD98059 completely abolished these beneficial effects. Thus, the robust antinociceptive effect of TMZ is largely attributed to upregulating PGRN and Notch1 receptors via ERK1/2 activation.