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In this study, a novel series of 7‐[2‐(4‐substituted)‐2‐oxoethyl]amino‐4‐methyl‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one derivatives (3 a‐f) were synthesized using 7‐amino‐4‐methyl coumarin and p‐substituted phenacyl bromides, and their pharmacological effects were examined. This reaction was carried out with potassium carbonate as a catalyst in dimethylformamide for 24 h at ambient temperature. The structures of synthesized compounds have been characterized by analysis using FTIR, NMR (1H and 13C) and Mass spectroscopic techniques, and their antibacterial, antidiabetic, and anti‐inflammatory properties have been explored. All synthesized compounds have exhibited good antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. substilis, E. coli, and S. typhi.Compound 3 f shows maximum activity (zone of inhibition) at a 12 g/mL concentration compared to others. Compounds 3 c and 3 f showed excellent α‐amylase activity and had the lowest IC50 values for α‐glucosidase enzyme activities. The least IC50 value (12.42±0.27 g/mL) was demonstrated by the 3 e compound, which exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory activities. in silico Molecular docking studies suggested that compounds 3 f and 3 a interacted effectively with 4DO3: FAAH and 5DI1: MAP4 K4 proteins with good binding energies of −10.3 and −9.5 Kcal/mol, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted to find out optimize Nitrogen (N) dose and its scheduling to achieve nutrient uptake and higher productivity of ZT wheat with residue retention at the research farm of CCSHAU, Regional Research Station (RRS), Karnal during rabi seasons of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. The field experiment comprised four main plot treatments viz., Zero tillage wheat-Happy seeder (ZTW-HS) with full residue (chopped), ZTW-HS with full residue (unchopped), ZTW-HS with partial residues (anchored stubbles), and conventional tillage wheat- drill sown (CTW-DS) with full residue (chopped); and six sub-plots having two N levels viz., 150 and 180 kg/ha applied into 2 and 3 splits, i.e. at sowing, before 1st irrigation, after 1st irrigation, and after 2nd irrigation. ZTW-HS with full residue (unchopped) in wheat increased the grain yield of wheat by 9.18% more than CTW-DS with full residue (chopped). Three N-splits, i.e. at sowing, before 1st irrigation and after 1st irrigation in wheat increased grain yield of wheat by 8.08% more than 2 splits, i.e. at sowing and after 1st irrigation. ZTW-HS with full residue (unchopped) with N@150 kg/ha with 3 splits, i.e. at sowing, before 1st irrigation and after 1st irrigation provides the best combination effect and improved the nutrient uptake in grain and straw, N, Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and yield of wheat and provide high economic returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green algae, Ulva Linnaeus, 1753 (Ulvales, Chlorophyta), is found abundantly in intertidal regions of the coasts. Members of the genus exist in foliose, filamentous, and tubular forms and may be distromatic or monostromatic. This study investigates the phylogenetic distribution of foliose Ulva from various geographical locations in India. The morphological and microscopic features of 20 specimens were studied, and ITS, tufA, 18S, and atpB regions were sequenced using specific primers. BLAST results were used for similarity search and MEGAX for phylogenetic reconstruction using these amplified sequences. A total of 35 sequences were generated and used to trace back the evolution of different species and the effects of geographical locations on the cryptic diversity of Ulva. Also, this study reports the occurrence of Ulva fasciata, Ulva reticulata, Ulva taeniata, Ulva linza, and Ulva ohnoi. A pressed herbarium voucher was prepared for future records of each sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الورقة إلى وصف تصنيع سلسلة حديثة من مشتقات بيريميدين ثنائي الهيدرجة خماسي الاستبدال٬ باستخدام مونتموريلونايت الحديديك كعامل مساعد فعال وقابل لإعادة الاستخدام. طرق البحث: تم التأكد من تركيب المركبات المنتَجة باستخدام جهاز ”فورييه“ لتحويل طيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء٬ والرنين المغناطيسي النووي والطرق الطيفية الجماعية. كما تم فحص المركبات المعنونة لمعرفة قدراتها كمضادات للميكروبات والالتحام الجزيئي. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج بأن العامل المساعد ذو قيمة في ما يتعلق بمدة التفاعل وكمية المنتج المُحصَّل. كما تشير النتائج المتعلقة بالنشاط المضاد للميكروبات إلى أن المركبات ”٤ سي “و ” ٤ إي “ و ” ٤ كَي “ أظهرت نشاطا واعدا مضادا للميكروبات ضد الميكروبات المختبرة. الاستنتاجات: من الممكن إعادة تدوير العامل المساعد مرتان إلى ثلاث مرات على الأقل دون انخفاض ملحوظ في فاعليته كعامل مساعد. وأظهرت المركبات المصنّعة نشاطا واعدا مضادا للميكروبات.

Mohammad F Anwar,1 Deepak Yadav,2 Swati Jain,3 Sumeet Kapoor,4 Shweta Rastogi,5 Indu Arora,6 Mohammed Samim1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 2Faculty of Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 3Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 4Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 5Department of Chemistry, Hans Raj College, 6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Abstract: Dandruff is a prominent scalp problem caused by the growth of fungus Malassezia furfur, potentially cascading into dermal inflammation, itching, and tissue damage. The present work outlines a detailed analysis of the treatment of scalp infection using silver nanomaterials (Ag NMs), and focuses on biocidal activity owing to manipulation of size, shape, and structure. Monodisperse silver spherical nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by chemical routes that were characterized using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Ag NMs demonstrated enhanced biocidal tendencies compared to market available drugs, itracanozole and ketoconazole, showing greater zones of inhibition. The obtained 20 nm and 50 nm spherical-shaped NPs and 50 nm NRs showed concentration-, size-, and shape-dependent antifungal activity, with 20 nm spherical-shaped NPs exhibiting excellent potency. Minimum inhibitory concentration for 20 nm was lowest at 0.2 mg/mL in comparison to 0.3 mg/mL for NRs. Primary irritation index was 0.33 and 0.16 for 20 nm and 50 nm spherical-shaped NPs, respectively, while 50 nm rod-shaped NMs exhibited negligible redness. An in vivo model for M. furfur infection was generated by passing fungi subcutaneously in rats’ skin. Again, 20 nm particles showed best normalization of skin after 10 days on regular dosing, in comparison with bigger and rod-shaped particles. The statistical clinical score was highest for Ag nanorods, followed by 50 nm Ag NPs-treated animals. It was observed that 20 nm spherical particles exhibited the lowest score (0) compared with others as well as with antifungal drugs. Biochemical analysis performed by checking antioxidant enzymatic activities indicated tissue repair and normalization of enzymes and protein concentration by Ag NPs. Keywords: Malassezia furfur, nanorods, in vivo analysis, Wistar rat model