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This article introduces a relational transition perspective on young people's political participation. It starts from the assumption that in growing up, young people move through public space structured by powerful boundaries that demarcate what is (not) recognized as political and democratic. In contemporary Western societies, young people are largely addressed as 'citizens in the making' who first need to learn what participation means. This article aims to examine the boundaries and the liminal positions between recognized subject positions of being or becoming democratic. It begins by questioning dominant interpretations of young people's political participation as they contribute to a discursive de-politicization of youth. Against this backdrop, a heuristic lens is developed on the relation between the political, democracy and citizenship conceptualizing participation as relational transitory practice. Based on expert interviews and ethnographic case studies conducted in two European cities in the context of an EU-funded study, the article, first, analyses the recognition order in which young people's participation evolves and, second, patterns of 'liminal participation' between everyday life and politics. It concludes that a relational transition perspective transcends narrow, normative assessments of young people's participation to capture the complexity and dynamics of their citizenship acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of Indonesia through the National Population and Family Planning Board has established the program to raise the age of first marriage. Based on the Performance and Accountability Program Survey/Survei Kinerja dan Akuntabilitas Program (SKAP) in 2019, there were 33% of teenagers in Indonesia did not know when to get married. The 2017 IDHS data shows 12.9% that women in Bengkulu have given birth and are pregnant with their first child aged 15-19 years. The cross-sectional study design used secondary data from the 2019 SKAP. Samples of this study were 341 teenagers in Bengkulu Province. The instrument was SKAP 2019, namely questionnaire for adolescents, families and women of childbearing age which consists of plan of age at first marriage. Data analysis was by univariate, bivariate analysis using Chi-square, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The results showed that the majority of adolescents in Bengkulu Province (71.6%) had plans to marry at the age of 21 for girls and 25 for boys. The predisposing factors related to plan of age at first marriage are adolescent age, adolescent education, adolescent knowledge (Family Development, Family Planning, Adolescent Reproductive Health, Center for Information and Counseling-Adolescent Reproductive Health (PIK-R), family planning methods, the Planning Generation (GenRe) Program, impact of Early Marriage), Family Function Practice, Adolescent Attitudes (age of marriage, desire to have children), dating experience and sexual behavior. The most influential factor in the planning of the age at marriage among adolescents in Bengkulu Province is knowledge of reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the efficacy of a morphological analysis intervention (MAI) as a pedagogical approach for pupils learning English as an additional language (EAL) who were also experiencing language and reading difficulties. Participants were 4th class EAL pupils (n=12), age range 9y 7m - 11y 3m, attending a large, urban, DEIS Band 2 school. Participants, equal in terms of the number of boys and girls involved, were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n=8) or comparison condition (n=4). The intervention group received MAI over a six-week period, while the comparison group received their typical guided reading instruction. Performance gains on measures of language and literacy were compared between intervention and comparison groups to evaluate the impact of MAI. Analysis of findings suggest that MAI has a positive impact on pupils' motivation and engagement during guided reading. Although academic gains on norm-referenced assessments were not found to be statistically significant, intervention participants performed better overall on norm-referenced and researcher-designed measures of vocabulary, word-level reading accuracy, reading comprehension and spelling than comparison-group participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study endeavors to assess and determine the perceptions of the Muhammadiyah youth cohort in the specified Yogyakarta region regarding the movie "Buya Hamka." The rationale behind this research lies in acknowledging film not solely as a source of entertainment but also as a vehicle for imparting knowledge. Buya Hamka, being an eminent national figure, merits emulation by contemporary Indonesians, particularly due to his sacrificial endeavors and unwavering dedication to the nation. Furthermore, as a Muhammadiyah luminary originating from West Sumatra, the youth within the Muhammadiyah movement should be encouraged to draw inspiration from his struggles. Employing a quantitative methodology, this research entails the distribution of questionnaires to respondents belonging to the Muhammadiyah youth cohort in the specific Yogyakarta region. These questionnaires encompass various inquiries designed to gauge their perceptions regarding the Buya Hamka film. The collected data is subsequently processed using the SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) application. Through the analysis of this processed data, the researchers have elucidated the viewpoints of the Muhammadiyah youth generation toward the film "Buya Hamka". The findings of this investigation underscore a correlation between the aspirations of the younger demographic for experiencing high-caliber content centered on inspirational narratives derived from national figures. This correlation is directly evident in their viewing patterns, as inferred from the SPSS data analysis articulated in the study. It demonstrates a discernible awareness among the younger generation regarding films that depict the inspiring stories of national figures, reflected in their viewing habits and the subsequent impact on those who feel inspired after watching the film, especially when the theme revolves around Buya Hamka's struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Regional Studies/Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research purpose. COVID-19 has a huge impact on the life-style in modern society, including the switching to online studies and remote work. The majority of the studies view the consequences as negative, while at the same time the pandemic have enhanced some positive changes. The goal of the research is to find out, how the time spent online and the content consumed online are changed due to pandemic as well as to determine what cultural content young people are consuming online. Design / Methodology / Approach. To achieve the research purpose author conducted a survey, using own developed instrument – questionnaire. In total, 1029 respondents participated and 934 questionnaires were valid. The survey was conducted in December 2020 using snowball sampling. The developed questionnaire contained 14 questions were grouped into 2 sections: A) Questions about consumption on cultural content online before and during the pandemic and B) Respondent profile. Findings. Totally the number of hours young people are spending online in post-pandemic period increased because of COVID, but most fastest growth is by those who spent more than 8 hours (from 15 to 100 persons). 53,2% from all respondents are spending about ¼ of all time online consuming cultural content, and 23,2% are not consummating cultural content online at all. 3 main significant reasons why the youth is spending time online are: it is easy and fast (77%); the digital environment is always along in the phone (77%); in the digital environment it is possible to communicate with friends (65%). Spending time online most respondents are consuming informative content, including news and blogs (64%) and the content related to hobbies or leisure (60%), but the cultural content was ranked with just 26%. The most used digital cultural content is movie watching (30,5%), seminars and courses about culture (18,6%), conferences dedicated to culture topics (17,1%), tours in world museums (16,3%) and study books (15,9%). Further, gender, like gender, can not be considered both a significant factor and a predictor of digital consumption. Unlike the two, occupation and place of living are predictors for share of online cultural consumption: occupation appeared to be a moderating factor for digital consumption of cultural content, which make Latvian findings different from what appears in literature. Originality / Value / Practical implications. The results of the research are representing changes in online consumption of culture goods and services caused by COVID-19. As the target group of this survey are youth from 18 to 25 years old, they can be used by evaluating potential and planning of culture goods and services online for this target group. It because evident, that some of the post-pandemic cultural consumption trends appeared as the impact of pandemic, enhancing cultural consumption growth in certain areas, involving more youngsters to cultural consumption compared to pre-pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The youth population in Montenegro constitutes a demographic of strong significance for study. The theme that stands out is their involvement in conventional forms of political participation. Decreasing the voting age from 18 to 16 would enable the youth population to participate in the voting process, directly impacting policies that would affect their societal status. EU member states such as Malta, Austria, and Germany serve as strong examples of good practice with regard to the voting rights of youth. The objective of this study was to assess the political awareness and will of the youth in Montenegro to take on more societal and political responsibility, and to compare the political knowledge between newly eligible voters and older minors, in line with trends in the EU. In order to examine the attitudes of youth and obtain research findings, a combination of quantitative research through a survey and qualitative research through a semi-structured interview conducted with relevant actors such as psychologists, teachers, young people, and representatives of the non-governmental sector was conducted. The research survey was conducted on a sample of 186 participants who completed the survey online. The respondents were youth attending high school or university in the Podgorica area. The results indicate that older minors reject the idea of decreasing the voting age from 18 to 16, and that older minors have the same or comparable degree of political knowledge as young adults who are already eligible to vote. Another finding points to the fact that older minors have confidence in electoral processes but do not want to participate in them. They have a higher level of trust in the non-governmental sector and believe that it is through these organizations that they become active participants in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the impact of the 2012 British austerity policies on youth political attitudes using a difference-in-differences. The study achieves this by combining longitudinal survey data from "Understanding Society" with a district-level estimate of the austerity shock that each individual faced between the years 2013 and 2015. The findings indicate that the welfare cuts had a negative impact on the political efficacy of young people, as they were more inclined to believe that public officials did not care about them and that they had no say in the actions of the government. Additionally, their satisfaction with politics, as determined by their perceived level of political influence, also decreased. Overall, the results suggest that the implementation of austerity measures increased the likelihood of political disenfranchisement among young people in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The standards of appearance created by media resources incite the excessive desire of young people to conform to patterns incompatible with reality. Determining the influence of media on body perception will contribute to reducing the risk of eating disorders in young people. The aim is to identify the impact of media on young people's perception of their bodies and their risk of developing eating disorders. The following empirical methods were employed: SATAQ-3, BAQ, EDI, ASI-R. Statistical methods: ANOVA, descriptive statistics, regression analysis. Media influence young people's attitudes to their body and pose a risk of developing eating disorders. Information impairs the attitude towards one's own appearance (p≤0.01) and provokes the risk of eating disorders (p≤0.01). Media pressure in 72% determines the risk of developing eating disorders (R=0.642), has the greatest influence on drive for thinness (β=0.620±0.319) and body dissatisfaction (β=0.557±0.235). The results of the study indicate the need to develop educational and preventive measures to eliminate the negative impact of mass media on body perception by young people and reduce the risk of eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the challenges and evolution of Holocaust education, particularly in the context of excursions to the Sydney Jewish Museum (SJM). Topics include the changing use of images in Holocaust education materials, the value and impact of Holocaust education, and the unique approach of SJM excursions that aim to bring students "safely in" and lead them "safely out."

Social media platforms are becoming an increasingly important venue for public debate. Twitch, in particular, is a popular streaming platform that targets young adults. Originally created for online video game players, the platform also includes other types of content, such as politics, leisure, and science. Here, we present a study that examines climate change discourse on this understudied platform. Unlike previous studies, this work does not only focus on users' reactions to streamer discourse but, using an ad-hoc methodology, also analyzes the content of the videos. Indeed, an added value of this research is the development of an objective evaluation based on automatic speech recognition (ASP) and natural language processing (NLP). We found that Twitch is an emergent locus for climate discussion with a thriving community of young users interested in the topic. Our findings challenge the understanding of social media discourse on climate change and suggest that platform architecture and intended commercial goals do not play a decisive role in shaping the topics circulating on them. In contrast, our findings support the idea that public discussion on climate change percolates through technology. In other words, the public debate finds its way across existing channels rather than being constrained by them. The research also contributes to the literature by expanding the empirical base for the study of online communication about climate change, especially among young audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While restrictive norms on premarital sexuality are not exclusive for Muslims, most of the research on premarital sexuality is on Muslim women, while young men are virtually absent. This Dutch study also includes young people of other religious backgrounds and young men. It discusses how the 55 young people who were interviewed experience and navigate the virginity imperative and norm of sex segregation. The deeply religious young people experience virginity as a deep moral value. Others do not subscribe to the virginity imperative, but neither do they openly rebel. Many young women have had secret sexual relationships. While young men are believed to enjoy more sexual liberties, our male participants also felt monitored in their love life. These young people refrain from openly rebelling, because they do not want to disgrace their parents. By taking responsibility for their parents' well-being in their sexual choices, they demonstrate a relational sexual agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generativity is the desire to pass something on to the coming generations. Through parents' and children's reports on authoritative parenting, parents' generativity is associated with how similar young adults think their attitudes are to those of their parent (Peterson et al., 1997; https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1202). The present study represents a direct replication of these results. Altogether, a sample of 365 German parent-child dyads participated in the study (parents' age: M = 52.87, SD = 4.89; children's age: M = 20.81, SD = 2.26). Parents provided information on their generativity (Loyola Generativity Scale) and parenting styles (Parental Authority Questionnaire). Their child provided information on perceived parenting styles (Parental Authority Questionnaire) and attitudinal similarity to the parent (Psychological Separation Inventory). A serial mediation was found for authoritative parenting. It was not found, however, for authoritarian and permissive parenting. This pattern replicates Peterson et al.'s (1997) results. Potential questions for future research on how generative adults transmit their values and attitudes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Football may be America's most popular sport, but with growing evidence of the risk of sport-associated concussions, some adults are reconsidering which sports to encourage children to play. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 958 respondents, we examine how political party, belief in patriotic displays in sport, attention to concussion news, social class, and race are associated with support for children playing each of the five major U.S. sports: baseball, basketball, hockey, soccer, and football. Our findings suggest that unlike other sports, attitudes about youth participation in football are divided by views on patriotism in sport, age, race, education, and attention to concussion news. For many Americans, football is connected to participation in a civil religion, which celebrates national pride and respect for the military. We argue that child safety advocates who aim to steer children away from football must grapple with the deeper cultural and identity-based framework associated with the sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The potential use of manikins made of environmentally friendly materials (biodegradable or easily recycled) could be a milestone in promoting cardiac arrest awareness and mass resuscitation training without the threat of generating large amounts of unprocessable waste. The main aim of the study was to compare the attitude of young adults from Asia and Poland towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation training forms and to evaluate the innovative concept of an ecological resuscitation manikin; Methods: This was a survey-based study conducted during two events in Thailand and Poland in 2023; Results: A total of 226 questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Asian respondents were significantly more likely to choose traditional training than Polish participants (78% vs. 58%, respectively). A manikin that is mainly biodegradable was the most common choice across the entire study group. Young Asians were significantly more likely to choose a traditional stationary course, while Polish respondents were highly significantly more likely to opt for hybrid training (online with practical training provided at the student's home). Conclusions: In the total study group, young people from Poland and parts of Asia are most likely to participate in traditional on-site instructor-led training, but a comparison across groups showed a significant tendency for young Poles to choose a hybrid training option, i.e., a combination of online and hands-on training. Despite some differences, both study groups showed a strong interest in pro-environmental behavior and the use of more ecofriendly solutions than previously used in resuscitation training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why and how do migrant youths' pathways in early adulthood diverge widely, including varying assimilation paths into the host society and return paths to parental homelands despite sharing group characteristics? Research has documented key factors that affect the social mobility of youths such as family socioeconomic status, institutional contexts, and cultures of mobility. However, they tend to conflate migrant youth's agency with these institutional and cultural contexts. Consequently, the interaction between the contexts and the agency of migrant youth is undertheorised. Drawing on the notions of life-course agency and possible selves, this study develops a process-oriented approach focusing on agentic mechanisms by which the youth choose divergent pathways over time. Based on life-history interviews, this study compares four distinctive life trajectories among 28 Brazilian Nikkei youths in Japan. Findings show that Nikkei youths develop varying social identities, interacting with intra-family and school contexts. During the transition period, their life-course agency links their social identities to possible selves and motivates them toward different pathways in a transborder context. This study contends that the dynamic interaction between migrant youth's reflective agency and contexts over the life course produces variations in their pathways even when group characteristics are shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the relationship between delinquency and deviant peers has long been an important topic in criminology, there remain unresolved issues including theoretical incongruences and a lack of rigorous empirical studies examining the interplay between the two. Acknowledging this gap in the literature, the primary purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic interrelationship between delinquency and delinquent peers over time. Using five waves of a Korean adolescent sample, we employ two methodologies with different benefits: group-based trajectory models and cross-lagged dynamic panel data models. Results show that heterogeneous developmental patterns of delinquency and peer delinquency are closely related and suggest reciprocal interactions between delinquent peers and delinquency. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Nicotine-containing products (NCPs) such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are increasingly common throughout the landscape of youth use of nicotine-containing products (NCP), and have overtaken traditional cigarette smoking modalities. This study seeks to examine the genetic and environmental influences on liability for susceptibility and initiation of ENDS and other NCPs among US children. METHODS: Data were drawn from 886 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain & Cognitive Development (ABCD) study at the baseline during 2016-2018. Heritability (h²) measured the proportion of the total phenotypic variation attributable to genes. Variance component models were utilized to analyze influences from the common environment (c²) and unique environmental factors (e²), taking into account correlations within twin pairs. RESULTS: The national sample included 50% females, 69.5% of non-Hispanic Whites, 12.8% of non-Hispanic Blacks, and 11.6% of Hispanics, with a mean age of 121.5 months. The twin sets were 60% DZ and 40% MZ. Heritability was low for NCP susceptibility (h²=0) and moderate for NCP initiation (h²=39%, p=0.02). The variance associated with NCP susceptibility was primarily influenced by environmental factors, especially one's unique factors (c²=37%, p<0.0001 vs e²=63%, p<0.0001). In contrast, the variance associated with NCP initiation was split across common and unique environmental factors (c²=32%, p=0.02 vs e²=29%, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In the era with ENDS use surging among youth, NCP initiation remains to be a heritable trait with joint influence from the environment. NCP susceptibility is largely influenced by environmental factors, especially unique environments. Continued assessment of gene × environment interaction can better inform future youth NCP interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I investigated whether the sustainability attitudes and behaviour of young people are similar to those of the older generation. Furthermore, I examined to which extent today's parents play a role as socialization agents in shaping the broader sustainability attitudes and behaviour of their children by investigating whether specific family characteristics are important to explain this association. The research questions were analysed by using data from a Belgian study conducted among Flemish pupils from 47 primary and secondary schools and one of their parents (n = 880). I found that children's attitudes towards sustainability are higher compared to those of the older generation (e.g. their parents) but that the older generation, on the contrary, act more sustainably. Furthermore, there were small but positive correlations within the family for sustainability attitudes and behaviour. Finally, the results showed that increased intrafamily discussions are associated with more sustainable attitudinal parent–child congruence. However, the results did not provide evidence in support of behavioural congruence. It was concluded that the transmission of sustainability attitudes and behaviour is not limited to the classic top-down approach where parents influence children's attitudes and behaviour and children are considered as passive recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehending the motivating factors that drive Digital Business Transformation (DBT) is crucial for cultivating success in DBT initiatives. The objective of the research outlined in this paper was to pinpoint and categorize the factors that inspire companies to embark on the DBT journey. Through qualitative analysis, employing expert interviews as the method, the authors extracted the necessary information to address three key research questions: (i) What are the external drivers of DBT in the plastic extrusion machine industry? (ii) Which internal factors are driving DBT in these companies? (iii) Is there anything else significantly impacting the DBT initiatives? The identified driving forces propelling DBT in German businesses within this industry include external factors: skill shortage, social impact, COVID-19, supply bottlenecks, competitiveness, and customer requirements; internal factors: cost reduction, process acceleration, efficiency increases, and time savings; and mixed factors: attitude of young people, basic education, and work–life balance. The insights derived from this research enhance the understanding of the circumstances and dynamics of traditional companies across other Western European countries. Our findings enrich the existing theory by presenting a distinctive threefold categorization of the drivers behind DBT, providing unique insights into the factors propelling the advancement of DBT initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the susceptibility of the youths against political-religious polarisations as presented in the Indian (Hindi) superhero comic books. The focus will be on the character, Doga (Raj comics) as he appears in the comics from 1996 to 2019. This analysis will be carried out within the framework of deconstruction applied via political discourse analysis. The paper will read these titles - Doga Hindu Hai (Doga is Hindu) series, Doga ko Gado (Bury Doga) etc. These texts deal with political issues that are coloured with religious tones portraying situations in which youths usually go astray. However, the response of the protagonist to these challenges, channelises these discontents sometimes through his own example and sometimes through appeal and yet sometimes through use of force, into positive outcomes. These artistic responses offer both the wish fulfilment to mitigate the atmosphere of peril and incites alternate reactions to the quotidian (and generally political) answers. The paper is divided into the following sections – No country for the young, Comics and crisis, People and publication, Origins, Politics and youth delinquency, Poverty and delinquency, Catch 'em Young, Colours of riot, Dalit and Doga and conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research, conducted from a pastoral perspective, explored the concept of emotional integrity and its implications for the Ghanaian youth. While the study of emotions has been extensively examined from psychological, philosophical, and biological perspectives, there is a need to explore the subject from a pastoral standpoint. Given the increasing prevalence of emotional challenges among young people in Ghana, and the religious nature of the country, it is essential to examine this topic within an African context. This study employed qualitative research methods within a theological framework and utilized both primary and secondary data sources to illustrate various aspects of emotional development within Ghanaian society. Primary data principally comprised "media materials data," also referred to as "qualitative audio and visual materials." Secondary data was obtained from published academic materials. The research emphasized the heightened emotional instabilities within the country. It also emphasized the significant role of the Church in providing guidance, support, and healing to address these challenges. The study highlighted the importance of examining emotional integrity within the Church's preaching and service, emphasizing the need to prioritize love over fear-based manipulation. By adopting a holistic approach that combines religious and relevant non-religious approaches, the Church can effectively address emotional issues, facilitate healing, and promote the overall well-being of the Ghanaian youth. This research sets the stage for a deeper exploration of emotional integrity and its implications for the Ghanaian youth within a pastoral view. It contributes to the understanding of emotional integrity from a pastoral perspective and provides insights into how the Church can play a vital role in empowering young individuals to navigate emotional challenges and foster their personal and spiritual growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study provides the first investigation on the attitudes of Middle Eastern individuals on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Most prior studies on individuals' attitudes towards the Russia-Ukraine conflict were conducted on social media data (mostly Twitter, Facebook now known as X). Importantly, most of these studies often using sentimental analyses. One limitation of the use of publicly available data is the lack of testing specific hypotheses. Accordingly, in the current study, a novel survey was developed and used to study which includes questions probed individuals' attitudes including cognitive (awareness and knowledge), emotional (feelings and empathy), and social-behavioural (behaviors and actions) aspects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Further, demographical data was also collected from all participants (n = 370) including age, gender, country of residence, country of citizenship, academic qualifications, academic specialization, job, and income. In the current study, an extensive number of statistical analyses was conducted, including group comparisons, correlational analyses, factor analyses, and regression analysis. Our results are as follows: factor analyses suggest that the survey includes two different constructs: questions about the war in general and questions supporting Russia. Further, results show that cognitive and socio-behavioural aspects of the scale (but not emotional aspects) are related to many demographical variables, suggesting that the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on Arabic people is more cognitive than emotional, possibly due to geographical distance and cultural differences between the Middle East and Russia/Ukraine. Importantly, our factor analysis shows that there was stronger support for Ukraine than Russia among Arabic people. Our findings have implications for understanding the public opinions of individuals in the Middle East towards the Russia-Ukraine conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the way students attending middle and high schools in Israel evaluate leadership education in their schools and the extent to which it contributes to their leader self-efficacy. Based on 376 questionnaires completed by teenage girls (n = 243) and boys (n = 133) who attend middle and high school in the public education system in Israel, it focuses on their perceptions regarding their school as their main leadership development establishment. Using a Likert scale to measure attitudes and perceptions of youth leadership, the questionnaire was used to investigate the following topics: the school's efforts to impart leadership and encourage leadership and leadership ability, their self-perceptions of leadership ability, and the impact of the school staff on their leadership development. Students expressed discontent with the school's ability to impart and motivate leadership, and family members and youth organizations are perceived as more influential. Students in middle schools participate more in leadership programs but evaluate the school's contribution to leadership development less favorably than high school students. Although girls and boys are participating in leadership programs at a similar rate, girls' leader self-efficacy is relatively low. Implementing leadership education has some deficiencies that require policymakers to make necessary adjustments regarding age and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives have been identified as an effective tool to communicate seemingly abstract and uncertain risks. This study integrates the construal level theory of psychological distance and narrative persuasion to examine how distance‐framed narratives influence young adults' attitude, behavioral intention, and policy support related to ocean plastic pollution. Results from an experimental survey (N = 889) indicate that the narrative featuring socially close characters and spatially close location is least effective in producing persuasive effects. Instead, the narrative depicting socially close characters' encounters at a spatially distant location is more persuasive. Within narrative conditions, the findings support the mediating role of identification and transportation in facilitating narrative effects. Serial mediation of identification/transportation and psychological distance perception was also observed. Findings from this study offer meaningful theoretical and practical implications for strategic communication on ocean plastic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the current state of young people's attitude towards the world of finance and their need for financial education. Today, financial education is already practiced in many European countries, but this is not the case in the Republic of Serbia. However, research shows that financial literacy is one of the necessary skills for young people in the 21st century. The research results were presented on a sample of 175 people (exploratory research) aged between 18 and 35 from Serbia. The attitude of the respondents towards finances was presented, their financial habits were examined, and the results were presented using the method of descriptive statistics. Financial literacy plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development and green finance by empowering individuals to make informed decisions that contribute to economic stability and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses selected results of an extensive study conducted as part of the ProEdUMW project − Scientific research in the service of local educational policy implemented in Ostrołęka by the Faculty of Education at the University of Warsaw. Two quantitative studies, conducted using the survey technique as part of the Ostrołęka educational observatory projects (covering the issues of teaching effectiveness, developing students’; social competences and equal educational opportunities in public primary schools in the city) and Democracy is OK! (strengthening the democratic culture of the school) were implemented in the 2021/22 school year. The first study was conducted in the eighth grades of all public primary schools in Ostrołęka, the second among students of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of public secondary schools. The aim of the analyses of selected research problems was to acquire knowledge covering important issues for a city at risk of marginalisation and depopulation, such as: the attitude of young people to the city, their life plans, students’ trust in the institutions of the city and the state. Regardless of the positive attitude towards the city in which they study, young people do not plan to live there and leave it with very low levels of social capital. The aim of the entire ProEdUMW project was to support local educational policy, so the article ends with recommendations for school culture and practice that could help build young people’s social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Analysing the information behaviour of young adults in the field of environmental action and looking for implications for improving communication in this area. Design/methodology/approach: 1) A literature review on the information behaviour of young adults and their attitudes and behaviour in the area of environmental care. 2) Qualitative research carried out using an online survey sheet. The respondents - students at two Krakowbased universities (540 completed questionnaires). An analysis of tables multi-divisional tables with different cross-sections. Findings: Young adults say that their lifestyles are environmentally friendly despite not engaging in the environmental activities mentioned in this paper. They are also not interested in expanding their knowledge in this area with the help of environmental organisations. The study found that nearly half of the respondents (48.9%) never look at the social media profiles of pro-environmental organisations, and only 5.9 systematically look at the websites of these organisations (47.2% never go there). They believe that their style is environmentally friendly ('definitely yes' – 5.4 % and 'rather yes' – 44.3 %), although, for example, almost 70 % of respondents have never supported such an initiative with a financial contribution. And nearly 60 % have never taken part in an environmental demonstration. Research limitations/implications: The research involved young adults studying at universities, which naturally limits the generalisation of conclusions drawn to the entire population of this group of young people. The next stage should extend the research to groups not yet represented in the described research process. Practical implications: It is necessary to facilitate collecting and verifying information on human impact on the environment and develop programmes to improve young adults' knowledge of methods of caring for environmental well-being. Social implications: Supporting young adults in seeking, selecting, assessing and learning about the principles of supporting the environment will ultimately result in an improved environment. Originality/value: Analysing the information behaviour of young adults from universities in Kraków in environmental action and contrasting it with their chosen behaviours from this area. Identifying implications for educational educators to help develop the information behaviour of young adults and help increase their involvement in environmental action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the global issue of adolescent well-being by conducting a bibliometric analysis of 1,162 publications from the Scopus database, covering the period from 2003 to March 2023. The research aims to identify the most influential contributors, including countries, authors, journals, and key topics, within the field of adolescent well-being. The findings reveal that the USA, the UK, and Italy are the most active countries in this area of research, indicating their strong focus on adolescent well-being issues. Leading authors such as Landsverks and Barth are recognized as highly influential contributors to the field, with their work being frequently cited. The study also highlights prominent academic journals, including Children and Youth Services Review, Child Abuse and Neglect, and Journal of Youth and Adolescence, which have emerged as key platforms for disseminating research on adolescent well-being. These journals have played a crucial role in shaping academic discourse, as evidenced by their high citation counts. In terms of research topics, the analysis identifies major themes such as contributing factors to adolescent well-being and interventions aimed at improving it. These topics have been the focus of extensive research, reflecting the global concern for understanding and addressing the challenges faced by adolescents. The study provides a detailed overview of the current trends in research on adolescent well-being, offering valuable insights for future studies. Overall, the findings contribute to the growing body of literature in this area and underscore the importance of continued research on adolescent well-being at a global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the dramatic rise in population aging and widespread negative attitudes toward older people, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect age-related attitudes among young people in order to improve intergenerational solidarity and reduce ageism. The current study examined young people's contact with their grandparents and attitudes toward older people on both explicit and implicit levels. Method: The sample included 146 Chinese college students (Mage = 21.50 yrs, SD = 2.23, 101 females). Participants completed a questionnaire concerning contact with their grandparents(contact quantity and contact quality), perceived typicality of their grandparents, intergroup anxiety, inclusion of other in the self, and explicit attitudes toward older people (aged 65 years or older) in general. Participants were also invited to complete a single-category implicit association test (SC-IAT) to assess their implicit attitudes toward older people. Results: The findings indicated that both quantity and quality of contact with grandparents predicted better explicit attitudes toward older people, and contact effects were stronger when one's grandparents were perceived as being typical of older adults. Contact quantity (not quality) was associated with more favorable implicit attitudes only when one's grandparents were perceived as highly typical older adults. Contact effects on explicit attitudes were mediated by intergroup anxiety and inclusion of other in the self. Conclusion: Our findings on the positive effects of contact with grandparents underscore the importance of promoting intergenerational contact within the family as a starting point to reduce prejudice toward older adults in age-segregated modern societies. Current results also provide insights on how to extend the benefits of grandparent-grandchild contact outside the family by promoting the perceived typicality of one's grandparents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on The Effect of Web-Based Educational Interventions on Mental Health Literacy, Stigma and Help-seeking intentions/attitudes in young people. Methods: Articles in English published between April 1975 and February 2023 were retrieved from seven databases, leading to a total of 2023 articles identified. Results: 20 studies were included after applying exclusion criteria, 10 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Results showed that web-based educational interventions had a significant positive effect on mental health literacy knowledge (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = [0.16, 1.25]), but not on stigma (SMD = -0.20, 95% CI = [-0.48, 0.08]) or help-seeking intentions/attitudes (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI = [-0.50, 1.46]). Conclusion: This study reviewed and analyzed the effect of web-based educational interventions on mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking intentions/attitudes among young people. The results showed that web-based educational interventions improved mental health literacy knowledge, but not stigma or help-seeking outcomes. The study suggested several recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of web-based educational interventions on stigma and help-seeking outcomes, such as using more rigorous designs and methods, more comprehensive and multifaceted interventions, more tailored and targeted interventions, and more collaborative and participatory approaches. The study concluded that web-based educational interventions may have a greater impact on reducing stigma and promoting help-seeking among young people, which may ultimately lead to better mental health outcomes and well-being for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationally, Out-of-School Time (OST) provision is widely seen as providing professionally-supervised activities through which young people, living in high-poverty contexts, can improve their after-school safety, as well as academic and personal development outcomes. However, even when practical barriers to access are removed, participation is typically low, with little known from young people's perspectives about why this is. To address this, findings are reported from a qualitative study with young people (aged 11–15) living in Hollyburgh, a high-poverty neighbourhood with wide-ranging OST provision. This explored young people's endogenous views about the neighbourhood assets currently available, and those they would ideally like to have, to support their pursuit of positive educational and wider outcomes. OST provision, both currently and ideally, emerged strongly as themes, with OST providers' responses to the young people's view also being sought. In general, the young people appeared unwilling to participate in Hollyburgh's current OST provision, associating this with the supervision of those involved in anti-social behaviours and with negative perceptions of their local area more generally – views reinforced at least partially by OST providers. It is argued that to change such perceptions, OST provision must be explicitly understood as a contextualised activity, with the potential to create spaces in which young people and professionals can co-develop more positive – and affectively just – discourses about young people living in high poverty areas. This presents an important challenge to the OST field's current direction of travel towards implementation science and the identification of decontextualised, replicable, "high quality" provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swedes uphold progressive attitudes regarding family, sexuality, and gender norms. At the same time, Sweden has had generous immigration policies for decades. This leads to challenges for children of immigrants, who must navigate between expectations from their family and the surrounding society. Therefore, this study asks whether children of immigrants' attitudes relating to family, sexuality and gender roles adapt and approach those of their Swedish-background peers, using the Swedish branch of the CILS4EU survey (n = 5434). We account for dynamics in three ways: We compare attitudes of first- and second-generation immigrants; compare attitudes of youth to those of their parents; and study change in youth's attitudes over time. In favour of acculturation, we find that second-generation immigrants have more liberal attitudes than first-generation immigrants, that immigrant-background youth are closer to majority peers in attitudes than their parents are to majority parents, and that gender norms of immigrant-background youth move closer to those of Swedish-background youth over time. For attitudes relating to family and sexuality, however, we find a divergence in attitudes over time, but not because immigrant-background youth become less liberal: Their views do become more liberal, but majority youth see an even stronger change in the same direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the collective memory of British and Russian youth. We used the results of a comparative survey conducted among Russian and British students. The study focuses primarily on pride in the collective memory of young people with the aim of analyzing the category of pride among young people across several dimensions. First, we look at the qualitative content of national pride: pride in the realization of tasks related to "soft power" (for example, culture, education, sports), and pride in manifestations of "hard power" (for example, pride in military victories or power politics). Second, we analyze the temporal localization of national pride: where are the main events, personalities, and phenomena study participants take pride in, both in the past and in the present. Third, an important element of understanding pride in a country is the relationship between pride and shame: what events are mentioned more often: shameful or pride-inspiring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incarcerated youth across the English-speaking Caribbean engage in high levels of offending before their detention. However, we know little about whether youth detained in juvenile justice systems in the region are those with the highest offending levels. As in nations beyond the region, some groups of youth in the Caribbean may be disproportionately overrepresented in the system despite their offending levels, such as by race or gender. Using samples of secondary school students and incarcerated youth, the present study examines: (1) do incarcerated youth self-report engaging in more delinquency prior to being detained than those not incarcerated and (2) are there demographic or risk/protective factors differences between incarcerated and nonincarcerated youth? We find that, compared to nonincarcerated youth, incarcerated youth self-report higher levels of delinquency, in general, and across violent offending, property offending, and drug involvement. When we used propensity score matching to match youth by their involvement in delinquency, disparities in multiple demographic and risk/protective factors emerge between incarcerated and nonincarcerated youth. Our findings point toward racial disparities in the use of incarceration, with African descent youth more likely to be incarcerated. We contextualize our results for youth justice in the Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main objective of this study was to assess the implication of youth unemployment and conflict on food security and agricultural development. The specific objectives include; to identify the determinants of youth unemployment and conflict, examine the implication of youth unemployment and conflict on food security and agricultural development and to identify the strategies put in place to reduce youth unemployment. The identified determinants of youth unemployment and the resulting conflict include; low economic growth rate, poor implementation and adoption of untimely policy measures, sociological and psychological attitude towards vocational studies, neglect of agricultural sector, poor enabling environment, rural urban migration, high population of youths and inadequate power supply. The implications of youth unemployment and conflict on food security and agricultural development include; poverty, food insecurity, high food importation bill, waste of human resource and loss of lives and properties. Programmes across the country to promote and facilitate entrepreneurship among others were some of the strategies put in place by government to reduce youth's unemployment. The study therefore recommends that the current education curriculum be revised or enhanced to meet the needs of the learners and the labour market, diversification of the economy especially towards Agriculture should be facilitated and that rural infrastructure should be provided to reduce rural-urban migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to propose effective methods to implement sustainable development principles among young people, both in schools and universities. The authors of this article recognize the significant potential among young individuals whose actions and choices have a substantial impact on the environment. By analyzing the knowledge and behaviors of young people towards sustainable development and environmental protection, based on surveys conducted among pupils and students from the south-eastern region of Poland, this paper identifies gaps that require improvement and proposes actions aimed at raising pro-ecological awareness among the youth. The analysis revealed that only 25% of the respondents have heard about the "Agenda for Sustainable Development – 2030", 20% were familiar with the goals of sustainable development, and few have participated in initiatives for sustainable development. However, 58% of respondents claimed to engage in activities for environmental protection in their daily lives. The article also presents the degree of compliance with the assumptions of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on both global and local scales. Furthermore, the paper analyzes two aspects of students' awareness of sustainable development: their knowledge of goals and documents, and their pro-ecological behavior in daily life. Based on the findings, this paper proposes ways to introduce sustainable development principles in selected areas of school and university functioning to enhance ecological awareness and shape pro-ecological attitudes among young people. Concrete actions to facilitate implementation are also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding the unique features of Instagram and Telegram and the novelty of this phenomenon, many members of society have not been able to accurately understand this space, and their lack of adequate familiarity has impacted the political, social, economic, cultural, and security spheres. Therefore, the present study, with a descriptive correlation method, aimed to examine the relationship between Instagram and Telegram usage and the security and social trust of fourth-generation users in District 12 of Tehran. The study population consisted of users aged 16 to 19 in District 12 of Tehran, with a sample size of 380 determined using the Cochran formula. Survey research was employed for data collection, and a researcher-designed questionnaire was used as the research tool. The results indicated that the level and duration of Instagram and Telegram usage significantly affect security and social trust. Specifically, a positive and significant correlation was observed between social and cultural content and security and social trust, while a negative and significant correlation was found between economic and security content and social trust. However, no significant relationship was found between political content on Instagram and Telegram and social trust and security. Ultimately, social media has significantly impacted the security and social trust of young users in Tehran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress and sustainability of a nation's economy are attributed to its human capital, and a country lacking competent, knowledgeable, and productive manpower will struggle to thrive due to a dearth of talented individuals in the job market. To enhance the quality of skilled manpower in industries, the South African government is promoting digital literacy among its youth. This research aims to investigate the use of ICTs skills and competences as an enabler for promoting sustainable advancement of youth employability in South Africa, as the country's youth unemployment rate for the 15-34 age group was 55.2% in the 1st quarter of 2019. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era has exacerbated job scarcity and inequality due to the scarcity of advanced ICT skills. As a result, South Africa has chosen to increase ICT usage to enhance economic activity and job creation. A critical literature review was conducted to support the research inquiry through a systematic literature review (SLR) as the research methodology since the contents are based on existing literature studies in identifying research needs and gaps, collecting or gathering lines of thoughts Memon et al. (2020) and views in in relation to ICT skills and competences as an enabler for sustainable advancement of youth employability in South Africa. The approach was supported using the Sustainable Livelihood Theory as the research framework to support the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Provision of sexual health services requires gender-sensitive management, facilities, and staff, as well as planning for gender-sensitive caregivers and education. Couples suffering from vaginismus face many types of barriers to accessing sexual health services. This qualitative study was conducted to explain the needs of sexual health services in women with primary vaginismus in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through the participation of 20 participants including service providers, women with vaginismus and their husbands in 2022, Iran. The samples were selected using purposive sampling method and considering the maximum variation. For data collection, in-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted and continued until data saturation was reached. The collected data were analyzed in MAXQDA10 software using conventional content analysis approach based on the criteria proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes: 1) Comprehensive preventive sex education which included the three categories of sex education in the education system, premarital sex education through the health system, and sex education through the media with scientific content; 2) Efficient sexual health clinics which included three categories of therapist's skills, empowerment of sexual therapist, and structural features of sexual health clinics and cultural considerations in establishing sexual health clinics; and 3) Protocol for management and treatment of sexual problems which consisted of sexual education and counseling content, treatment requirements, and sex education approaches. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, comprehensive preventive sex education through the education system and the Ministry of Health can improve the attitudes of adolescents and young people. Moreover, it can take a fundamental step in solving sexual problems by providing the infrastructure necessary for the establishment of efficient sexual health clinics and protocols required to manage and treat such problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undertaking various activities aimed at sustainable development, especially energy conservation, is becoming one of the challenges of modern economies, including developing urban areas. One of the most widely promoted activities is designing and implementing energy-conserving solutions for urban mobility. People play a vital role in this regard, especially young people, represented here by Generation Z. Their attitudes and behaviours regarding sustainability can significantly impact the effectiveness of energy-efficient technological solutions. The purpose of this article is to examine the nature of the relationship between the assessment of the importance of energy-efficient transportation solutions available in the city and the attitudes and behaviours of representatives of Generation Z relating to the idea of sustainability, broken down into two categories, i.e., energy-conserving behaviour and mobility. In this study, a diagnostic survey method was used. Based on the literature review, we designed a research tool in the form of a questionnaire. Four hundred and ninety representatives of Generation Z participated in the study. To verify the hypotheses, first, a qualitative analysis was carried out for the three study areas using measures of central tendency; then, a correlation analysis was performed based on Pearson's chi-square independence test, and to determine the strength of the relationship, the following symmetric measures were used: Cramer's V and the Contingency Coefficient. The normalisation of the data, giving them a quantitative character, allowed the possibility of examining the correlation using Pearson's test and the directionality of the analysed relationships based on simple and multiple linear regression results. Ananalys is of the obtained results allows us to conclude that energy-related sustainable behaviours in the acquisition of electrical appliances, their use and disposal, and mobility-related energy-conserving behaviours, resulting from the choice of means of transportation for moving in the city, influence the assessment of the importance of available energy-efficient mobility solutions. City administrations could use the study results as a guideline for the implementation of energy-conserving solutions in urban transportation, as well as the planning and promotion of appropriate activities related to the mobility of Generation Z, that are adequate to the attitudes and behaviours of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a typology to highlight and describe the variation in attitudes among young farmers in rural Ghana, a group that has been treated in policy discourses and in development practice as largely homogenous. It further identifies motivations and aspirations associated with each type. A cluster analysis of survey data from 120 respondents yielded two types of young farmers: 'positive' and 'resigned'. The likelihood of being in either category was found to be related to marital status, location, and whether one had a secondary occupation. Further, the 'positive' group was more likely to report being influenced by adult role models and more likely to aspire to stay in farming. Our findings underscore the relevance of socio-economic and ecological environment on young people's attitudes to and decisions regarding farming and, consequently, on the outcome of policy and programmatic interventions meant to increase their participation in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety, a pervasive emotion in the realm of social work, takes center stage in the experiences of professionals dedicated to assisting children entangled in the legal system. This study undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced landscape of anxiety among social workers, delving into the background, aims, scope, methodology, and key findings. Against the backdrop of escalating rates of youth involvement in criminal activities, the study aims to unravel the psychological dimensions of social workers tasked with the rehabilitation and support of juvenile offenders. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates the correlation between case severity, institutional support, coping mechanisms, and the anxiety levels experienced by social workers. The findings not only reveal varying degrees of anxiety but also underscore the significant influence of organizational support and coping strategies. This study contributes valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and educators, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions to support the well-being of social workers engaged in this emotionally demanding field. As social work continues to intersect with the legal complexities surrounding juvenile justice, a nuanced understanding of anxiety becomes imperative for fostering effective and sustainable interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Most adolescent and young adult (youth) smokers and users of novel nicotine products wish to quit. Little is known, at a population level, about youth cessation activities, and the counselor's experiences in working with youth smoking and nicotine product cessation. METHODS A questionnaire was mailed to all 98 municipalities in Denmark on 31 October 2022. Youths were defined as those aged 16-25 years. The participation rate was 96% (n=94). Simple descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS This survey explored youth-targeted smoking and nicotine product cessation activities and ex-periences from municipality counselors across the whole nation. Overall, 60% of the Danish municipal counselors had low/very low/no personal experience with youth cessation interventions, 89% found it dif-ficult to work with youth counseling, 90% found it difficult to recruit youth to nicotine cessation services, and only 25% of the active municipalities were described as highly experienced. A higher percentage of the highly experienced municipalities reported that they share the responsibility of recruitment to cessation services with schools, counsel youths in separate groups from adults, and have good experiences with online counseling. CONCLUSIONS This Danish nationwide survey showed that even in a country with very well-organized and free-of-charge cessation counseling programs, very few municipalities give assistance to youth, and most find it difficult to work with youth. Cessation services have been designed for adult smokers and seem to have failed to meet the needs of young smokers and users of novel nicotine products, at least in Denmark. There is an urgent need for research on how to effectively recruit youth to cessation services, and what works to help youth quit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With South Africa having a history of youth activism and a predominantly youthful population, this paper investigates why the youth (18-34 years) do not participate in local development planning in Gauteng Province. The main source of data used in this study was the 2015/2016 QoL data of the Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO). Results across Gauteng show that the majority of the youth do not participate in ward committee (WC), community development forum (CDF), and integrated development planning (IDP) meetings. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach proved important in allowing us to investigate the spatial variation in non-attendance at WC meetings and the heterogeneity role of the predictor variables over the study area. The GWR results show that the percentage of employed youth, average household income, the percentage of youth who have never interacted with government, the percentage of youth dissatisfied with the local councillor, and the average educational level of the youth emerged as barriers to participation in WC meetings. While results for non-participation in CDF meetings had no significant localised GWR results, compared to those for WC meetings, common barriers (as in the ordinary least squares (OLS) model) to participation in CDF meetings were, for instance, the youth's educational level and the lack of interaction with local government. Even according to the OLS model, the results of IDP meetings were not robust, and could not therefore be interpreted. Overall, however, these results are useful in spurring spatially-targeted - either region-wide or localised - policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This study focused on the cross-country validation of the Dutch perceptual-motor skills assessment used for talent detection in table tennis which also could be the basis to create country-specific norm values in young children (aged 7 to 9). Materials and methods. In total, data from 172 children from Kosovo and 219 children from the Netherlands were compared. The data consisted of the outcomes of seven items of the Dutch perceptual-motor skills assessment evaluating gross motor function (i.e., sprint and vertical jump) and ball control (i.e., throwing a ball, speed while dribbling, aiming at target, ball skills and eye-hand coordination). A multivariate GLM analysis revealed significant differences between the two countries with large effect sizes regarding both constructs. Preliminary normative values are presented per country. Results. The results show that perceptual-motor skills can vary between children of the same age and sex between European countries. For that reason, it seems sensible to further investigate the necessity of establishing norm values per country and also the underlying mechanisms that might reveal why and how cross-country differences arise. Conclusions. Moreover, it might make sense to study an international sample of recreational and high performance youth and adult players to create a benchmark for talent detection and talent identification in table tennis. This will likely gain more insight into what the key aspects are to participate in table tennis and what is necessary for the elite level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]