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Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The presence of cancer and anticoagulant use are risk factors for bleeding, yet data on bleeding risk are limited in these patients. This analysis evaluated the risk of major bleeding in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy using a US claims database. This retrospective cohort study used the MarketScan® databases, a nationwide database containing data from about 100 payers and covering > 30 million patients annually. Adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy within 6 months of cancer diagnosis between January 2004 and December 2010 were included. Cancers of interest were: lung, colon/rectum, pancreas, bladder, stomach, and ovary. The index date was the first date of chemotherapy. Patients were followed until the earliest of: 1) first diagnosis of major bleeding; 2) termination of enrolment in the health plan; 3) end of study. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of major bleeding, based on selected ICD-9-CM/CPT codes, following chemotherapy initiation. Of 74,575 patients identified, exclusion of those with prior history of bleeding at baseline (∼5%) resulted in 70,822 patients included in the analysis. Mean age was 62 years, 37% were ≥ 65 years, and 52% were male. Average time of follow up and chemotherapy were 14.3 and 8.6 months, respectively; 6% had a history of VTE within 6 months prior to the index date. Major bleeding occurred in 5.8% of patients and the incidence rate for all cancers combined was 4.9 per 100 person-year (PY) and 10.5, 9.3, 6.2, 4.3, 3.6, and 3.3/100 PY for pancreatic, stomach, lung, bladder, colon/rectum, and ovarian cancer, respectively. Approximately 14% of patients (N = 10,456) developed VTE after chemotherapy initiation (> half in the first 3 months of chemotherapy treatment). Of these, 7.8% experienced major bleeding with incidence rates ranging from 5.9-17.7/100 PY after VTE. Major bleeding incidence in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy varies by cancer type with the highest rates in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer. Compared to the overall cohort, major bleeding risk was higher in cancer patients who developed VTE. Disclosure J.H. Zong: Employee of Sanofi. L. Eckert: Employee of Sanofi. L. Zhang: Employee of Sanofi. W.S. Dai: Employee of Sanofi. A.T. Cohen: Consult: Astellas, AZ, Bayer, BI, BMS, Daiichi, GSK, JJ ResFund: AZ, Bayer, BI, BMS, Daiichi, GSK, JJ BoardSpeakerAdvis comm: Bayer, BI, BMS, Daiichi, GSK, J&J, Mitsubishi, Pfizer, Sanofi. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

1. 1. The activities of protein synthesis and amino acid uptake at various physiological stages were determined by the incorporation of radioactive materials ([ 3 H]-lysine, [ 14 C]-cycloleucine) in rat mammary epithelial cell cultures. The activity of protein synthesis and amino acid uptake was higher in early lactation than in virgin, pregnant and late lactation stages. 2. 2. Lactogenic hormones (prolactin, hydrocortisone and insulin) treatment related with mammary growth and differentiation increased the activities of protein synthesis and amino acid uptake. But increase of these activities was different at each physiological stage. 3. 3. The effect of prolactin and hydrocortisone on the activities were greater in virgin, pregnant and late lactation than in early lactation. And effect of insulin was greater in pregnant and early lactation than in virgin and weanling.

By subtraction screening methods, we identified a novel mouse and its counterpart, human MOPT gene. The mouse and human MOT gene is localized on mouse chromosome 17E3 and human chromosome 2p22, and spans approximately 7 kb. Analysis of the mouse Mopt sequence revealed the existence of an ORF of 240 bp encoding a putative protein of 79aa amino acids. The predicted protein has a theoretical molecular mass of 8.89 kDa and a calculated isoelectric point of 5.82. The protein was unique; it did not show any similarities with other known protein except for Morn motif domain. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis revealed that mouse Mopt transcripts are highly and specifically expressed in adult testis and skeletal muscle. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry studies showed that mouse Mopt transcript and protein was confined mainly to round and elongated spermatids, except for a few individual dispersed spermatocytes, and increases in abundance in subsequent stages. To characterize Mopt functions in spermiogenesis, we examined Mopt protein distribution in late spermiogenesis by using immunogold electron microscopy: Mopt protein first appeared in the proacrosomic vesicles of the early Golgi phase spermatids. In the final step of spermiogenesis, Mopt expression was translocated from the head cap of an elongated spermatid to the nucleus of mature spermatozoa. However, no other testicular cell types, including somatic cells, spermatogenic cells, and residual cytoplasm that ultimately is engulfed as residual bodies into Sertoli cells, were found to bear Mopt-positive staining. This observation suggested that Mopt may play an important role in dynamic regulation of acrosome biogenesis during late spermiogenesis and an as yet uncharacterized role in oocyte activation during capacitation, after fertilization, or both.

The present study was conducted to investigate the developmental competence of male and female somatic cell derived nuclear transfer (NT) porcine embryos and also the production and survival efficiency of cloned male and female piglets. Maturation of porcine COCs was accomplished by incubation in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 0.6 mM cysteine, 10% porcine follicular fluid, 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and 0.1 IU/mL human menopausal gonadotrophin for 20 h and then culture without dbcAMP and hMG for another 18 to 24 h. Fetal cells were isolated from a male fetus and two female fetuses, and cultured in ES-DMEM medium containing 10% FCS. Enucleated oocytes were fused with fetal fibroblasts (passage 4 to 15). Reconstructed embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 with 4 mg/mL BSA under mineral oil at 39°C in 5% CO2 in air for up to 6 days. NT eggs that had been activated with electric pulses and cultured for 1 or 2 days were transported to the experimental station in modified NCSU-23 with antibiotics. NT embryos were surgically transferred into the oviducts of recipients between Day 27 and Day 30; pregnancy was determined by ultrasound. The potential of NT embryos to develop into blastocysts was not different among donor cells of different origins. However, the mean cell number of in vivo female and male blastocysts (83.8 ± 46.2 to 99.2 ± 55.7) was higher than in in vitro culture of NT groups (31.4 ± 8.29 to 33.2 ± 10.15). A total of 11,535 NT embryos (1- to 8-cell stage) were surgically transferred into 66 surrogate gilts. Among fourteen pregnant gilts, four recipients aborted during the period of conception. Five pregnant gilts delivered fifteen female piglets, 1.28 ± 0.33 kg (0.48∼1.83 kg) in female piglets and 0.84±0.25 kg (0.45∼1.25 kg) in male piglets. Nine live cloned female (60.0%) and four male piglets (18.2%) were produced. According to these results, survival rates and birth weights of female cloned piglets were higher than those of cloned male piglets (P < 0.05). This study suggests that use of female, compared with male, fetal fibroblast cells as nuclear donors may increase cloning outcomes. This work was supported in part by a grant program from RDA(Biogreen21) and Cho-A, Republic of Korea.

In this study, we investigated the relationship between the sex of cloned pigs and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Three cell lines (2 male and 1 female) were obtained from F1 fetuses derived from 3 different dams (Yorkshire) inseminated by the same sire (Landrace); one female fibroblast cell line was obtained from a Duroc-strain fetus acquired from a slaughterhouse, the age of the fetus unknown. The fetal fibroblast cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum under 5% CO2 in air at 37°C. For NT, we used the 4 cell lines described above. All 37 cloned piglets derived from 10 pregnant recipients were alive at term and began breathing readily. Of those piglets born, 18/22 males and 5/15 females died within 2 months of age. A total of 350 paraffin blocks from 18 deceased cloned male piglets and 90 paraffin blocks from six age-matched normal control piglets were prepared from the midbrain, medulla oblongata, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, small and large intestine, thymus, uterus, placenta, ovary, testis, skin, and skeletal muscle. We found that the birth weights of male clones were 57% lower than those of control age- and sex-matched piglets. Piglets with low birth weight (

10 men aged 30-48 were studied for autoimmune responses following bilateral vasectomy. During a period of up to 24 months lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA) against panels of normal lymphocytes developed in 6 men and against a panel of leukemia cells in 7. A few of the men also developed marked increases of antinuclear (ANA) and antismooth muscle (ASMA) antibodies. The surgical control cases showed no rise of LCA activity within a postoperative period of up to 1 year; the sera of 2/10 healthy hospital employees revealed an incidence of LCA activity similar to that reported in normal populations. The study showed that 60-70% of the vasectomized men developed LCA; an incidence similar to the 50-60% incidence reported with respect to sperm-agglutinating antibodies. Vasectomy in rats mice and guinea pigs elicited an antisperm antibody response in some strains but not in others. Apart from incidence there were also variations in the intensity of immune reaction not only relative to LCA but also relative to antibody titers of ANA and ASMA. Since the immunologic and morphologic changes were observed only in a portion of those who were vasectomized and since the reactions varied in incidence and intensity among the subjects it is suggested that immune response genes may be operative in the postvasectomy responses.