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Abstract In deep coal mining, the high temperature and humidity environment are one of the main disasters threatening workers and equipment. To predict the temperature and humidity of airflow in the airway accurately, this study establishes a numerical calculation model of the surrounding rock temperature, airflow temperature, and humidity under the conditions of considering the moisture evaporation and heat absorption of the airway wall, the condensation and heat release of supersaturated water vapor in the airflow, and the influence of air compression or expansion. Combined with the two‐dimensional (2D) heat conduction model (considering the influence of the axial surrounding rock heat conduction of the airway), the axial strip partial moisture calculation model of the airway is proposed, and then the uniform moist wall model and the axial strip partial moist wall model are established. The influence of different parameters on the temperature and humidity of airflow is discussed by analyzing the results of numerical simulation of the uniform wet surface model (UWSM) and partly wet surface model (PWSM) of the airway wall. The results show that the surrounding rock temperature, especially the temperature distribution of the airway wall, calculated by using the 2D heat conduction model under the local humid airway conditions, is more realistic. The increment of airflow temperature decreases with the increase of wet area ratio, airflow temperature at the entrance and airway radius, and increases with relative humidity at the entrance. The calculation accuracy of temperature and humidity prediction for large ventilation networks can be further improved by using the equivalent humidity of the UWSM to replace the correction coefficient of the wet area ratio of the PWSM.

Abstract Background The causal role of high-risk Human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers is well established. In contrast, information on HR-HPV distribution of continuous anatomic sites within the female genital tract is limited, and the impact of sample type on the clinical performance in HPV-based cervical cancer screening warrants investigation. Methods A total of 2,646 Chinese women were enrolled in the study from May 2006 to April 2007. We analyzed the infection features by infection status and pathological diagnoses of 489 women with complete HR-HPV type and viral load data on the cervix, upper vagina, lower vagina, and perineum samples. Additionally, we assessed the clinical performance for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade two or worse (≥ CIN2) among these four types of samples. Results HR-HPV positivity rate was lower in the cervix (51.53%) and perineum (55.83%), higher in the upper (65.64%) and lower vagina (64.42%), and increased with the severity of cervical histological lesions (all P

Abstract Background Targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy is the current first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but patients with tumor thrombus (TT) may suffer from lower limb edema or even sudden cardiac death, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of surgical treatment in patients with mRCC and TT and explore worse factors to affect the prognosis in this series of patients. Patients and methods A total of 85 mRCC patients with TT who received cytoreductive nephrectomy and thrombectomy at our medical center from 2014 to 2023 are included. All patients received postoperative systemic therapy. Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time from surgery to death due to any reason or the last follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to evaluate OS and differences among groups were tested by log-rank. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to ascertain independent relationships between clinicopathological factors and OS. Results The median age of patients was 58 years old. Eleven patients (12.9%) had no symptoms, 39 patients (45.9%) had local symptoms, 15 patients (17.6%) had systemic symptoms, and 20 patients (23.5%) had both. Mayo grade of TT was 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 for 12, 27, 31, 7, and 8 patients respectively. Fifty-five patients had lung metastasis, 23 had bone metastasis, 16 had liver metastasis, 13 had adrenal metastasis, and 9 had lymph node metastasis. Of all patients, 17 patients had multiple metastases. The median operation time is 289 min and the median intraoperative hemorrhage is 800 ml. Twenty-eight patients experienced postoperative complications, 8 of which were serious complications of modified Clavien grade III or higher. The median OS of all patients was 33 months and median follow up time was 26 months. In multivariate analysis, systemic symptom (p = 0.00753), pathological type (p = 0.0166), sarcomatous degeneration (p = 0.0334), and perirenal fat infiltration (p = 0.0202) are independent predictors of OS. Conclusion Cytoreductive nephrectomy and thrombectomy is relatively safe and effective for patients with mRCC accompanied by TT. In this series of patients, the worse prognosis is associated with systemic symptoms, non-clear cell carcinoma, sarcomatous degeneration and perirenal fat infiltration.

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may activate viral-specific T cells to attack HBV infected hepatocytes and thus induce immune-related liver injury. Therefore, it is important to deeply understand the impacts of HBV infection on HCC immune microenvironment in order to better design effective immunotherapies for HBV+ (HBV infected) HCC patients. Here, We performed cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) analyses to characterize the distinct immune compositions of HCC tumors, tumor borders, and their associations with HCC/HBV related clinical characteristics. We identified 31 distinct immune clusters and found significant associations between immune signatures with clinicopathological features of HCC. We further revealed the HBV infection had more effects on shaping immune compositions in tumor borders than in tumors, with the significant enrichment of HBV-specific PD-1+CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in tumor borders of HBV+ patients. We confirmed this subset with a more exhausted phenotype and respond more actively under anti-PD-L1 treatment, suggesting its involvement in immune-related liver injury induced by ICB treatment to HBV+ HCC patients. Our study shows it may be necessary to consider antiviral prophylaxis for HBV+ HCC patients receiving ICB treatment.

Abstract Vicarious traumatization (VT), a negative reaction to witnessing others’ trauma, has been experienced by some people during the COVID-19 pandemic, and can lead to mental health problems. This study aimed to identify functional brain markers of COVID-specific VT and explore the psychological mechanism underlying the brain-VT link. One hundred healthy participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging before the pandemic (October 2019–January 2020) and completed VT measurement during the pandemic (February–April 2020). Whole-brain correlation analysis based on global functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping revealed that VT was negatively correlated with FCD in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (i.e., the lower FCD in ITG, the worse the VT), identified by mapping onto known large-scale networks as part of the default-mode network (DMN). Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis using ITG as seed found that VT was predicted by lower functional connectivity between ITG and other DMN regions including left medial prefrontal cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, right superior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and bilateral precuneus (i.e., the lower the ITG-DMN connectivity, the worse the VT). Mediation analyses suggested that psychological resilience served as a mediator in these associations of ITG FCD and ITG-DMN RSFC with VT. Our results provide novel evidence on the brain basis of VT and emphasize psychological resilience as an important link from DMN functional connectivity to COVID-specific-VT. This may facilitate public health interventions by helping identify individuals at risk of stress- and trauma-related psychopathologies.

Three seismic stations in Chongqing area have been reconstructed. And the type of station base is changed from deep pit observation to surface observation. The PSD and PDF of the three stations before and after reconstruction were calculated respectively, and the noise power spectrum is used to average the noise curve to evaluate the background noise variation of the three stations. The calculation results show that, the environmental noise level of the three reconstructed stations still increased, especially for frequency bands above 2 Hz. The maximum increase of PSD is 9 dB at YUM station, 10 dB at LIJ station, and 4 dB at SHG station. But the overall environmental noise level between 1—20 Hz bands of the three stations still meets the requirements of the observation specifications. However, after changing the observation mode of the station base, the components of the noise signal received by the station change significantly, especially the human activity related noise. So when we carry out the construction and reconstruction of seismic stations, it is necessary to carefully change the observation mode of the station base.

Non-coding variants in the human genome significantly influence human traits and complex diseases via their regulation and modification effects. Hence, an increasing number of computational methods are developed to predict the effects of variants in human non-coding sequences. However, it is difficult for inexperienced users to select appropriate computational methods from dozens of available methods. To solve this issue, we assessed 12 performance metrics of 24 methods on four independent non-coding variant benchmark datasets: (1) rare germline variants from clinical relevant sequence variants (ClinVar), (2) rare somatic variants from Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC), (3) common regulatory variants from curated expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, and (4) disease-associated common variants from curated genome-wide association studies (GWAS). All 24 tested methods performed differently under various conditions, indicating varying strengths and weaknesses under different scenarios. Importantly, the performance of existing methods was acceptable for rare germline variants from ClinVar with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.4481–0.8033 and poor for rare somatic variants from COSMIC (AUROC = 0.4984–0.7131), common regulatory variants from curated eQTL data (AUROC = 0.4837–0.6472), and disease-associated common variants from curated GWAS (AUROC = 0.4766–0.5188). We also compared the prediction performance of 24 methods for non-coding de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorder, and found that the combined annotation-dependent depletion (CADD) and context-dependent tolerance score (CDTS) methods showed better performance. Summarily, we assessed the performance of 24 computational methods under diverse scenarios, providing preliminary advice for proper tool selection and guiding the development of new techniques in interpreting non-coding variants.

It is of great significance to study a rapid and accurate method for determining the digestion characteristics of japonica rice starch. Taking japonica rice starch as the research object and the determination results of AOAC method (AOAC Official Method 2002.02) as the standard, the test conditions of Englyst method were optimized to obtain a determination method, which was suitable for the digestion characteristics of japonica rice starch. The accuracy and precision of the determination results were analyzed. When the hydrolysis time was 270 min, the proportion of mixed enzymes was 10:1, the amount of mixed enzyme was AMY (3600 U)+AMG (360 U), the pH of mixed enzyme was 6.0, and the sample was not gelatinized, there was no significant difference between the RS content 2.13%±0.05% measured by the improved Englyst method and that 2.02%±0.06% measured by AOAC method. Compared with the AOAC method, the determination time was adjusted from 16 h of AOAC method to 270 min, the test time was greatly shortened. Compared with Englyst method, the improved method 2.13%±0.05% had good repeatability. Therefore, the improved Englyst method can quickly and accurately determine the digestion characteristics of japonica rice starch.

The investigation of genetics-based biopesticides has become a central focus in pesticide studies due to their inherent advantages, including species specificity, environmental safety, and a wide range of target genes. In this study, a mixture of miR-184 agomir and nanomaterial star polycation (SPc) was used to treat the nymphs of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.). The life parameters of the aphids at various developmental stages were analyzed using an age–stage two-sex life table to assess the effect of miR-184 agomir on the experimental population. The results indicated that miR-184 agomir had a significant negative effect on four key life parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase, the finite rate of increase, the net rate of increase, and the mean generation time. The population prediction revealed a substantial reduction (91.81% and 95.88%) in the population size of S. avenae at 60 d after treatment with miR-184 agomir, compared to the control groups. Our findings suggest that the miR-184 agomir has the potential to reduce the survival rate and mean longevity of S. avenae, highlighting its potential as a promising candidate for the development of an effective genetics-based biopesticide.

Recently, due to physical aging, diseases, accidents, and other factors, the population with lower limb disabilities has been increasing, and there is consequently a growing demand for wheelchair products. Modern product design tends to be more intelligent and multi-functional than in the past, with the popularization of intelligent concepts. This supports the design of a new, fully functional, intelligent wheelchair that can assist people with lower limb disabilities in their day-to-day life. Based on the UCD (user-centered design) concept, this study focused on the needs of people with lower limb disabilities. Accordingly, the demand for different functions of intelligent wheelchair products was studied through a questionnaire survey, interview survey, literature review, expert consultation, etc., and the function and appearance of the intelligent wheelchair were then defined. A brain–machine interface system was developed for controlling the motion of the intelligent wheelchair, catering to the needs of disabled individuals. Furthermore, ergonomics theory was used as a guide to determine the size of the intelligent wheelchair seat, and eventually, a new intelligent wheelchair with the features of climbing stairs, posture adjustment, seat elevation, easy interaction, etc., was developed. This paper provides a reference for the design upgrade of the subsequently developed intelligent wheelchair products.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the infection status of Omicron in the population and the association between COVID-19 vaccination and infection with Omicron. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to openly recruit participants for a survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection by convenience sampling from 1 January to 15 January 2023 after a COVID-19 pandemic swept across China. Additionally, the binary logistic regression model was adopted to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and the infection outcomes or symptom severity, respectively. Meanwhile, the relations between the vaccination and duration of the symptoms were estimated via ordinal logistic analysis. Results: Of the 2007 participants, the prevalence of infection with Omicron was 82.9%. Compared with unvaccinated individuals, inactivated COVID-19 vaccination could increase the risk of Omicron infection (OR = 1.942, 95% CI: 1.093–3.448), and the receipt of at least one dose of non-inactivated COVID-19 vaccines was a protective factor against infection (OR = 0.428, 95% CI: 0.226–0.812). By contrast, no relations were observed in COVID-19 vaccination with the symptoms of infection and duration of symptoms (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study concluded that inactivated COVID-19 vaccination might increase the risk of Omicron infection, which should be a concern during COVID-19 vaccination and the treatment of variant infections in the future, and the receipt of at least one dose of non-inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was a protective factor against infection.

Introduction: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is a disorder that may be fatal and is primarily caused by a ruptured brain aneurysm. Despite significant leaps forward in the methods to produce aneurysms, the long-term outcomes did not much improve. Pioglitazone is a medication that has been authorized by the FDA as an agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Pioglitazone or PPARγ has neuroprotective benefits in animal experiments both during and after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and SAH. Nevertheless, the treatment impact of Pioglitazone on humans is still unknown at this time. As a result, we will conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to explore the impact of pioglitazone on SAH.Methods/Design: This trial will recruit 400 patients with SAH from four Chinese hospitals. These patients will be equally and randomly assigned to Pioglitazone and placebo control groups for up to 30 days. Scores on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) are the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes are a 30-day all-cause mortality rate, 6 months of Montreal cognitive assessment (Mo-CA), delayed cerebral ischemia, the requirement for intensive care, the incidence of sepsis, etc. All serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded during the hospital. Every primary and safety analysis was conducted based on the intention-to-treat technique. The participants were given either a matching placebo or 15 mg of pioglitazone, with dose titrated to a target of 45 mg daily. Data on the therapeutic use of pioglitazone after SAH will be provided as a consequence of the findings of this experiment. In addition, this pilot trial is the first to prospectively investigate the effectiveness and safety of pioglitazone in patients with SAH.Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA (Wuxi Taihu Hospital, approval No. 20220701). The findings of the trial will be presented at conferences, discussed in relevant patient groups, and published in peer-reviewed journals.Clinical Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR2200062954.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between pregnancy stress and mental health of the pregnant women, employing a positive psychology perspective. Specifically, the study sought to explore how the two positive psychological qualities of mindfulness and peace of mind may serve as potential mediators in the association between pregnancy stress and mental health of the pregnant women.MethodsSeven hundreds and thirteen pregnant women seeking care at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were included in this study. The participants completed a self-report demographic questionnaire, as well as several validated scales including the Pregnancy Pressure Scale (PPS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Peace of Mind Scale (PoMS), and Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). The Amos 23.0 system was utilized to construct structural equation models.ResultsA total of 713 participants had an average age of 29.46 ± 4.81 years and an average gestational age of 24.26 ± 22.66 weeks. Out of the pregnant women, 163 (22.9%) experienced moderate or higher levels of pregnancy stress (PPS > 1), while 212 (29.7%) exhibited mental distress (CHQ > 3). Pregnancy stress exhibited a positive association with mental distress, while displaying negative associations with mindfulness and peace of mind. Mindfulness and peace of mind were negatively associated with mental distress. By employing structural equation modeling, the analysis revealed that mindfulness and peace of mind acted as partial mediators in the relationship between pregnancy stress and mental health. Furthermore, the identified models exhibited bidirectional sequential mediating pathways, suggesting that the pathways of mindfulness ↔ peace of mind mitigated the harmful influence of pregnancy stress on the mental health of pregnant women.ConclusionThis study adds to the current body of knowledge by investigating the relationships among mindfulness, peace of mind, pregnancy stress, and mental health in pregnant women. From a positive psychology framework, it provides valuable understanding of the intricate dynamics between pregnancy stress and protective factors of mental health. Consequently, interventions aimed at bolstering positive psychological qualities in pregnant women should prioritize the cultivation of mindfulness to foster peace of mind, or alternatively, the cultivation of peace of mind to enhance mindfulness, ultimately leading to improved mental health outcomes.

Objective: The progression of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) has been propelled by breakthroughs in neuroscience, signal processing, and machine learning, marking it as a dynamic field of study over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), coupled with the incongruity between frequently employed linear techniques and nonlinear signal attributes, resulted in the subpar performance of mainstream non-training algorithms like canonical correlation analysis (CCA), multivariate synchronization index (MSI), and filter bank CCA (FBCCA) in short-term SSVEP detection. Methods: To tackle this problem, the novel fusions of common filter bank analysis, CCA dimensionality reduction methods, USSR models, and MSI recognition models are used in SSVEP signal recognition. Results: Unlike conventional linear techniques such as CCA, MSI, and FBCCA, the filter bank second-order underdamped stochastic resonance (FBUSSR) analysis demonstrates superior efficacy in the detection of short-term high-speed SSVEPs. Conclusion: This research enlists 32 subjects and uses a public dataset to assess the proposed approach, and the experimental outcomes indicate that the non-training method can attain greater recognition precision and stability. Furthermore, under the conditions of the newly proposed fusion method and light stimulation, the USSR model exhibits the most optimal enhancement effect. Significance: The findings of this study underscore the expansive potential for the application of BCI systems in the realm of neuroscience and signal processing.

Abstract Background To define the incidence and risk factors of chyle leak (CL) after radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy and to determine the impact of chyle leak on oncological outcomes. Patients and Methods A total of 445 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy between January 2014 and January 2023 were included. CL is defined as the drainage of chyle with a triglyceride level greater than 110 mg/dL after oral intake or enteral nutrition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of postoperative (CL). The Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare overall survival and cancer‐specific survival. Results 44 patients (9.9%) were diagnosed as (CL). All patients developed CL within 6 days after the operation with a median time of 3 days. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, Mayo grade and side were independent patient‐related risk factors. In addition, operation approach, operation time, and number of lymph nodes harvested were independent surgery‐related risk factors. Between the CL group and the non‐CL group, neither overall survival nor cancer‐specific survival showed statistical differences. Conclusion Based on this retrospective study of renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus patients in our center, we found that the risk factors were Mayo grade, side, operation approach, operation time, and number of lymph nodes harvested, and the occurrence of CL significantly prolonged hospital stay, but had no effect on long‐term oncological outcomes.

Quantifying the relationship between light and stands or individual trees is of great significance in understanding tree competition, improving forest productivity, and comprehending ecological processes. However, accurately depicting the spatiotemporal variability of light under complex forest structural conditions poses a challenge, especially for precise forest management decisions that require a quantitative study of the relationship between fine-scale individual tree structure and light. 3D RTMs (3-dimensional radiative transfer models), which accurately characterize the interaction between solar radiation and detailed forest scenes, provide a reliable means for depicting such relationships. This study employs a 3D RTM and LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data to characterize the light environment of larch plantations at a fine spatiotemporal scale, further investigating the relationship between absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and forest structures. The impact of specific tree structural parameters, such as crown diameter, crown area, crown length, crown ratio, crown volume, tree height, leaf area index, and a distance parameter assessing tree competition, on the daily-scale cumulative APAR per tree was investigated using a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. Furthermore, variable importance in projection (VIP) was also calculated from the PLSR. The results indicate that among the individual tree structure parameters, crown volume is the most important one in explaining individual tree APAR (VIP = 4.19), while the competition from surrounding trees still plays a role in explaining individual tree APAR to some extent (VIP = 0.15), and crown ratio contributes the least (VIP = 0.03). Regarding the spatial distribution of trees, the average cumulative APAR per tree of larch plots does not increase with an increase in canopy gap fraction. Tree density and average cumulative APAR per tree were fitted using a natural exponential equation, with a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.89), and a small mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 0.03). This study demonstrates the potential of combining 3D RTM with LiDAR data to quantify fine-scale APAR in plantations, providing insights for optimizing forest structure, enhancing forest quality, and implementing precise forest management practices, such as selective breeding for superior tree species.

Abstract Polyesters with both cyclic topology and chemical recyclability are attractive. Here, the alternating copolymerization of cyclic anhydride and o‐phthalaldehyde to synthesize a series of cyclic and recyclable polyesters are reported for the first time. Besides readily available monomers, the copolymerization is carried out at 25 °C, uses common Lewis/Brønsted acids as catalysts, and achieves high yields within 1 h. The resulting polyesters possess well‐defined alternating sequences, high‐purity cyclic topology, and tunable structures using distinct two monomer sets. Of interest, the copolymerization manifests obvious chemical reversibility as revealed by kinetic and thermodynamic studies, making the unprecedented polyesters easy to recycle to their distinct two monomers in a closed loop at high temperatures. This work furnishes a facile and efficient method to synthesize cyclic polyesters with closed‐loop recyclability.

Mitophagy maintains tissue homeostasis by self-eliminating defective mitochondria through autophagy. How mitophagy regulates stem cell activity during hair regeneration remains unclear. Here, we found that mitophagy promotes the proliferation of hair germ (HG) cells by regulating glutathione (GSH) metabolism. First, single-cell RNA sequencing, mitochondrial probe, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining showed stronger mitochondrial activity and increased mitophagy-related gene especially Prohibitin 2 (Phb2) expression at early-anagen HG compared to the telogen HG. Mitochondrial inner membrane receptor protein PHB2 binds to LC3 to initiate mitophagy. Second, molecular docking and functional studies revealed that PHB2-LC3 activates mitophagy to eliminate the damaged mitochondria in HG. RNA-seq, single-cell metabolism, immunofluorescence staining, and functional validation discovered that LC3 promotes GSH metabolism to supply energy for promoting HG proliferation. Third, transcriptomics analysis and immunofluorescence staining indicated that mitophagy was down-regulated in the aged compared to young-mouse HG. Activating mitophagy and GSH pathways through small-molecule administration can reactivate HG cell proliferation followed by hair regeneration in aged hair follicles. Our findings open up a new avenue for exploring autophagy that promotes hair regeneration and emphasizes the role of the self-elimination effect of mitophagy in controlling the proliferation of HG cells by regulating GSH metabolism.

Covalent organic polymers (COPs) membranes have been widely investigated in recent years for the application and preparation of composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes due to the abundant pore structure. However, there are still difficulties in the easy and reliable preparation of scalable and highly permeable COPs membranes. In this work, the polyaminophenylene (PAP) layer was constructed on polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membranes by diazonium-induced anchoring process (DIAP), and then used as a substrate to prepare ultra-thin and highly permeable COPs NF membranes by interfacial polymerization (IP) in only 20 ​s. The presence of PAP layer increases the aqueous phase monomer storage to promote the forward progression and limits the reaction zone of IP, thus resulting in ultrathin and highly crosslinked COPs membranes. In addition, the PAP layer covalently grafted onto the PSF molecular chain also participates in the IP reaction, thus the separation layer is connected to the substrate as a whole for better stability and can operate for long periods of time in an alcohol-based organic solvent environment. The methanol permeance of optimal NF-PAP membrane prepared based on the above strategy can reach 362-398 ​L−1m−2h−1bar−1, which almost achieves an order of magnitude enhancement relative to other reported COPs organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes. The retention rate of the COPs composite membrane for naphthol green B (Mw ​= ​878) dye was about 98.5 ​%, demonstrating good alcohol recovery ability. In conclusion, this study offers a potential strategy for the development and application of COPs OSN membranes.

Urban green spaces (UGSs), such as parks and gardens, are vital for the health and well-being of city residents. However, unequal access to and utilization of UGS can impede social cohesion and sustainable development of cities. While many studies have investigated inequalities in accessibility to UGSs across various demographic groups, gender inequality in actual utilization of UGSs has received little attention largely due to the lack of data to reliably track UGS utilization by urban residents. Here, we leveraged the capacity of mobile phone data to track the movement of a large population and assessed the gender disparities in the utilization of UGSs among more than 77,000 residents residing in 2 populous communities in Beijing. We found that men spent 11% more time in UGSs and visited them 6% more frequently than women. This gender disparity varied across different socioeconomic groups. The middle-aged group exhibited an up to 46.4% greater disparity than other age groups, while the higher-income group showed a 12.4% larger disparity than the lower-income group. Additionally, the resident group with normal commuting distances had a 52.8% higher gender disparity, and the resident group with regular working hours had a 110% greater disparity compared to their respective counterpart groups. These findings contributed to environmental justice research by revealing the complex gender disparity in UGS utilization. The approach developed in the study provides an efficient way for identifying disparities in the utilization of UGS and designing effective strategies accordingly to alleviate inequalities in our study area and beyond.

Background The treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS) is full of challenges and the role of rituximab (RTX) is not well-established, thus this study aims to demonstrate the role of RTX in RNS.Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study of all adult patients receiving RTX for RNS. Patients enrolled were divided into two groups according to pathological pattern: 20 patients as a group of podocytopathy (including minimal change disease [MCD] and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS]), and 26 patients as membranous nephropathy (MN) group. The remission rate, relapse rate, adverse effects, and predictors of remission were analyzed.Results A total of 75 patients received RTX for RNS and 48 were available for analysis after exclusion criteria. No significant difference in the remission rate at 6 or 12 months was observed between the MCD/FSGS and MN cases (p > 0.05). The median duration of the first complete remission (CR) was 1 month in the podocytopathy group and 12.5 months in the MN group. Three relapses were associated with infection as the ultimate outcome, and 6 out of 48 remained refractory representing a response rate of 87.5% in RNS. Clinical predictors of cumulative CR were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

The antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii poses a significant threat to global public health, especially those strains that are resistant to carbapenems. Therefore, novel strategies are desperately needed for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii. In this study, we report that brevicidine, a bacterial non-ribosomally produced cyclic lipopeptide, shows synergistic effects with multiple outer membrane-impermeable conventional antibiotics against A. baumannii. In particular, brevicidine, at a concentration of 1 μM, lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration of erythromycin, azithromycin, and rifampicin against A. baumannii strains by 32–128-fold. Furthermore, mechanistic studies were performed by employing erythromycin as an example of an outer membrane-impermeable conventional antibiotic, which showed the best synergistic effects with brevicidine against the tested A. baumannii strains in the present study. The results demonstrate that brevicidine disrupted the outer membrane of A. baumannii at a concentration range of 0.125–4 μM in a dose-dependent manner. This capacity of brevicidine could help the tested outer membrane-impermeable antibiotics enter A. baumannii cells and thereafter exert their antimicrobial activity. In addition, the results show that brevicidine–erythromycin combination exerted strong A. baumannii killing capacity by the enhanced inhibition of adenosine triphosphate biosynthesis and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which are the main mechanisms causing the death of bacteria. Interestingly, brevicidine and erythromycin combination showed good therapeutic effects on A. baumannii-induced mouse peritonitis–sepsis models. These findings demonstrate that brevicidine is a promising sensitizer candidate of outer membrane-impermeable conventional antibiotics for treating A. baumannii infections in the post-antibiotic age.

IntroductionIn recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the visual fatigue caused by steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigm. It is well known that the large-scale application of brain-computer interface is closely related to SSVEP, and the fatigue caused by SSVEP paradigm leads to the reduction of application effect. At present, the mainstream method of objectively quantifying visual fatigue in SSVEP paradigm is based on traditional canonical correlation analysis (CCA).MethodsIn this paper, we propose a new SSVEP paradigm visual fatigue quantification algorithm based on underdamped second-order stochastic resonance (USSR) to accurately quantify visual fatigue caused by SSVEP paradigm in different working modes using single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. This scheme uses the fixed-step energy parameter optimization algorithm we designed, combined with the USSR model, to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the processed signal at the target characteristic frequency. We not only compared the new algorithm with CCA, but also with the traditional subjective quantitative visual fatigue gold standard Likert fatigue scale.ResultsThere was no significant difference (p = 0.090) between the quantitative value of paradigm fatigue obtained by the single channel SSVEP processed by the new algorithm and the gold standard of subjective fatigue quantification, while there was a significant difference (p

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to discuss the postpartum anxiety disorder and influencing factors in puerperae with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to provide a clinical basis for better early identification and intervention of adverse mood.MethodsConvenient sampling method was adopted to investigate 205 pregnant women as the observation group and 201 normal healthy pregnant women in the same period as the control group. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used to investigate and observe the respondents, evaluate the postpartum anxiety status of patients with GDM, and analyze the related influencing factors. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS 3.0 software. A proposed P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsPatients with GDM had a higher risk than normal maternal anxiety, related to years of education, triglycerides, 1-h postprandial blood glucose, and a history of induced abortion.ConclusionGDM can lead to the occurrence of postpartum anxiety, and the poor psychological state is not conducive to the maternal and infant health. Early identification and early intervention can reduce the harm caused by anxiety and promote the progress of maternal and infant health and clinical research.

Objective: To investigate the effect and potential molecular mechanism of microRNA-93 (miR-93) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis as well as retinal damage in acute glaucoma mice. Methods: RGCs apoptosis were induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R). The pro-apoptotic effect of miR-93 was evaluated by transfecting miR-93 mimics or miR-93 inhibitor into OGD/R-induced RGCs. The viability and apoptosis of RGCs were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Mouse model of acute glaucoma were successfully induced via high intraocular pressure (IOP), and then these model animals were randomly divided into vehicle group, miR-93 mimics group or miR-93 inhibitor group (n = 10), using healthy mice as normal control. Histopathologic changes of retinal tissue were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method. Moreover, cell counts of retinal ganglion cell layer and mean thickness of different layers were also determined. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. Results: miR-93 mimics significantly decreased or promoted the viability and apoptosis of OGD/R-induced RGCs, respectively. In addition, miR-93 mimics significantly exacerbated the degree of retinal tissue damage in mice with acute glaucoma, which was accompanied by a decrease in the number of ganglion cell layer (GCL) cells and the thickness of different tissue layers. Moreover, miR-93 mimics significantly increased IOP in mice with acute glaucoma. Significantly, miR-93 inhibitors significantly reversed the above changes. In addition, results of Western blot analysis showed that miR-93 mimics increased and decreased the expression of ECM-associated and MMP-associated proteins, respectively, by activating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. In contrast, miR-93 significantly decreased and increased the expression of ECM-associated and MMP-associated proteins, and suppressed the expression of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway-related proteins. Conclusion: miR-93 can promote the development of glaucoma by activating Rho/ROCK signaling pathway to mediate the accumulation of ECM-related proteins as well as the down-regulation of MMP-related proteins.

Background: Social anxiety (SA) is a negative emotional response that can lead to mental health issues, which some have experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Little attention has been given to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in SA alterations related to COVID-19. This study aims to identify neurofunctional markers of COVID-specific SA development. Methods: 110 healthy participants underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests before the pandemic (T1, October 2019 to January 2020) and completed follow-up behavioral measurements during the pandemic (T2, February to May 2020). We constructed individual functional networks and used graph theoretical analysis to estimate their global and nodal topological properties, then used Pearson correlation and partial least squares correlations examine their associations with COVID-specific SA alterations. Results: In terms of global network parameters, SA alterations (T2-T1) were negatively related to pre-pandemic brain small-worldness and normalized clustering coefficient. In terms of nodal network parameters, SA alterations were positively linked to a pronounced degree centrality pattern, encompassing both the high-level cognitive networks (dorsal attention network, cingulo-opercular task control network, default mode network, memory retrieval network, fronto-parietal task control network, and subcortical network) and low-level perceptual networks (sensory/somatomotor network, auditory network, and visual network). These findings were robust after controlling for pre-pandemic general anxiety, other stressful life events, and family socioeconomic status, as well as by treating SA alterations as categorical variables. Conclusions: The individual functional network associated with SA alterations showed a disrupted topological organization with a more random state, which may shed light on the neurobiological basis of COVID-related SA changes at the network level.

Abstract Long-term follow-up data indicates that 1/4 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) will develop to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our previous studies have demonstrated that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) played an important role in AKI and CKD. However, the role and mechanisms of EZH2 in AKI-to-CKD transition are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated EZH2 and H3K27me3 highly upregulated in kidney from patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, and expressed positively with fibrotic lesion and negatively with renal function. Conditional EZH2 deletion or pharmacological inhibition with 3-DZNeP significantly improved renal function and attenuated pathological lesion in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or folic acid (FA) mice models (two models of AKI-to-CKD transition). Mechanistically, we used CUT & Tag technology to verify that EZH2 binding to the PTEN promoter and regulating its transcription, thus regulating its downstream signaling pathways. Genetic or pharmacological depletion of EZH2 upregulated PTEN expression and suppressed the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signaling ERK1/2 and STAT3, consequently alleviating the partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), G2/M arrest, and the aberrant secretion of profibrogenic and proinflammatory factors in vivo and vitro experiments. In addition, EZH2 promoted the EMT program induced loss of renal tubular epithelial cell transporters (OAT1, ATPase, and AQP1), and blockade of EZH2 prevented it. We further co-cultured macrophages with the medium of human renal tubular epithelial cells treated with H2O2 and found macrophages transferred to M2 phenotype, and EZH2 could regulate M2 macrophage polarization through STAT6 and PI3K/AKT pathways. These results were further verified in two mice models. Thus, targeted inhibition of EZH2 might be a novel therapy for ameliorating renal fibrosis after acute kidney injury by counteracting partial EMT and blockade of M2 macrophage polarization.

Abstract Aberrant activation of TGF-β signaling plays a pivotal role in cancer metastasis and progression. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of TGF-β pathway remain to be understood. Here, we found that SMAD7, a direct downstream transcriptional target and also a key antagonist of TGF-β signaling, is transcriptionally suppressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) due to DNA hypermethylation. We further identified that PHF14 binds DNMT3B and serves as a DNA CpG motif reader, recruiting DNMT3B to the SMAD7 gene locus, resulting in DNA methylation and transcriptional suppression of SMAD7. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that PHF14 promotes metastasis through binding DNMT3B to suppress SMAD7 expression. Moreover, our data revealed that PHF14 expression correlates with lowered SMAD7 level and shorter survival of LAD patients, and importantly that SMAD7 methylation level of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can potentially be used for prognosis prediction. Together, our present study illustrates a new epigenetic mechanism, mediated by PHF14 and DNMT3B, in the regulation of SMAD7 transcription and TGF-β-driven LAD metastasis, and suggests potential opportunities for LAD prognosis.

Fluorescence imaging through the second near-infrared window (NIR-II,1000–1700 nm) allows in-depth imaging. However, current imaging systems use wide-field illumination and can only provide low-contrast 2D information, without depth resolution. Here, we systematically apply a light-sheet illumination, a time-gated detection, and a deep-learning algorithm to yield high-contrast high-resolution volumetric images. To achieve a large FoV (field of view) and minimize the scattering effect, we generate a light sheet as thin as 100.5 μm with a Rayleigh length of 8 mm to yield an axial resolution of 220 µm. To further suppress the background, we time-gate to only detect long lifetime luminescence achieving a high contrast of up to 0.45 Ιcontrast. To enhance the resolution, we develop an algorithm based on profile protrusions detection and a deep neural network and distinguish vasculature from a low-contrast area of 0.07 Ιcontrast to resolve the 100 μm small vessels. The system can rapidly scan a volume of view of 75 × 55 × 20 mm3 and collect 750 images within 6 mins. By adding a scattering-based modality to acquire the 3D surface profile of the mice skin, we reveal the whole volumetric vasculature network with clear depth resolution within more than 1 mm from the skin. High-contrast large-scale 3D animal imaging helps us expand a new dimension in NIR-II imaging.

Abstract Twin boundaries have been shown to deviate from the twinning planes in hcp metals, and facets have often been observed in twin interfaces. This study presents a twinning disconnection-based model for faceting in single, double and triple twin boundaries in magnesium. Primary twinning disconnections predicted via symmetry arguments are shown to produce commensurate facets in single twin boundaries, which are then transformed into commensurate facets in double twin boundaries via the action of secondary twinning disconnections. In contrast, it is shown that for triple twin boundaries with tension-compression-tension twinning sequence, no commensurate facets can be produced by the action of tertiary twinning disconnections. The effect of facets on the macroscopic orientation of twin interfaces is discussed. Theoretical findings are validated by a transmission electron microscopy study of a hot rolled Mg-1.18wt%Al-1.77wt%Nd alloy. Single and double twins are observed, as well as rare triple twins, and the interface between the matrix and a triple twin is captured for the first time. Facets consistent with theoretical predictions are imaged via high-resolution TEM and macroscopic deviations of the boundaries from the primary twinning planes are measured.

Abstract Background Few studies have investigated factors associated with anxiety and depression among patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aimed to investigate associated factors and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in this special group in China. Methods Data from 511 patients with ED aged 18–60 years were collected between July 2021 and April 2022. The 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate erectile function, anxiety and depression, respectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to explore the associated factors of depression and anxiety. Results The prevalence of anxiety and depression among ED patients was 38.16% and 64.97%, respectively. The mean anxiety index score was 47.37 ± 6.69 points, and the mean depression index was 54.72 ± 9.10 points. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that worse ED, low education level, and smoking were positively associated with increased risk of anxiety and depression. In addition, younger age, longer onset time, and irregular sleep were positively associated with high risk of anxiety, and irregular exercise was associated with severe depression. Conclusions The prevalence of depression and anxiety in ED patients is high, and the severity of ED, age, education level, smoking, onset time, regular sleep, and exercise were associated with anxiety or depression. Reversible risk factors should be avoided and individualized psychological support services are necessary for ED patients.

Abstract Background Valtrate, a natural compound isolated from the root of Valeriana, exhibits antitumor activity in many cancers through different mechanisms. However, its efficacy for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), a tumor type with a poor prognosis, has not yet been rigorously investigated. Methods GBM cell lines were treated with valtrate and CCK-8, colony formation and EdU assays, flow cytometry, and transwell, 3D tumor spheroid invasion and GBM-brain organoid co-culture invasion assays were performed to assess properties of proliferation, viability, apoptosis and invasion/migration. RNA sequencing analysis on valtrate-treated cells was performed to identify putative target genes underlying the antitumor activity of the drug in GBM cells. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate protein levels in valtrate-treated cell lines and in samples obtained from orthotopic xenografts. A specific activator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was used to identify the pathways mediating the effect. Results Valtrate significantly inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells in vitro by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressed invasion and migration of GBM cells by inhibiting levels of proteins associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA sequencing analysis of valtrate-treated GBM cells revealed platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) as a potential target downregulated by the drug. Analysis of PDGFRA protein and downstream mediators demonstrated that valtrate inhibited PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling. Finally, treatment of tumor-bearing nude mice with valtrate led to decreased tumor volume (fivefold difference at day 28) and enhanced survival (day 27 vs day 36, control vs valtrate-treated) relative to controls. Conclusions Taken together, our study demonstrated that the natural product valtrate elicits antitumor activity in GBM cells through targeting PDGFRA and thus provides a candidate therapeutic compound for the treatment of GBM.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the sixth-highest new incidence and fourth-highest mortality worldwide. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the primary treatment strategies for unresectable HCC. However, the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory due to the insufficient distribution of antineoplastic drugs in tumor tissues and the worsened post-embolization tumor microenvironment (TME, e.g., hypoxia and reduced pH). Recently, using nanomaterials as a drug delivery platform for TACE therapy of HCC has been a research hotspot. With the development of nanotechnology, multifunctional nanoplatforms have been developed to embolize the tumor vasculature, creating conditions for improving the distribution and bioavailability of drugs in tumor tissues. Currently, the researchers are focusing on functionalizing nanomaterials to achieve high drug loading efficacy, thorough vascular embolization, tumor targeting, controlled sustained release of drugs, and real-time imaging in the TACE process to facilitate precise embolization and enable therapeutic procedures follow-up imaging of tumor lesions. Herein, we summarized the recent advances and applications of functionalized nanomaterials based on TACE against HCC, believing that developing these functionalized nanoplatforms may be a promising approach for improving the TACE therapeutic effect of HCC.

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous susceptibility loci for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its genetic architecture remains underexplored in populations of non-European ancestry. To identify genetic variants associated with PD in the Chinese population, we performed a GWAS using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 1,972 cases and 2,478 controls, and a replication study in a total of 8209 cases and 9454 controls. We identified one new risk variant rs61204179 (P combined = 1.47 × 10−9) with low allele frequency, four previously reported risk variants (NUCKS1/RAB29-rs11557080, SNCA-rs356182, FYN-rs997368, and VPS13C-rs2251086), as well as three risk variants in LRRK2 coding region (A419V, R1628P, and G2385R) with genome-wide significance (P

This study aimed to improve the performance of single-channel steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based visual acuity assessment by mode decomposition methods. Using the SSVEP dataset induced by the vertical sinusoidal gratings at six spatial frequency steps from 11 subjects, 3-40-Hz band-pass filtering and other four mode decomposition methods, i.e., empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), and variational mode decomposition (VMD), were used to preprocess the single-channel SSVEP signals from Oz electrode. After comparing the SSVEP signal characteristics corresponding to each mode decomposition method, the visual acuity threshold estimation criterion was used to obtain the final visual acuity results. The agreement between subjective Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT) and SSVEP visual acuity for band-pass filtering (−0.095 logMAR), EMD (−0.112 logMAR), EEMD (−0.098 logMAR), ICEEMDAN (−0.093 logMAR), and VMD (−0.090 logMAR) was all pretty good, with an acceptable difference between FrACT and SSVEP acuity for band-pass filtering (0.129 logMAR), EMD (0.083 logMAR), EEMD (0.120 logMAR), ICEEMDAN (0.103 logMAR), and VMD (0.108 logMAR), finding that the visual acuity obtained by these four mode decompositions had a lower limit of agreement and a lower or close difference compared to the traditional band-pass filtering method. This study proved that the mode decomposition methods can enhance the performance of single-channel SSVEP-based visual acuity assessment, and also recommended ICEEEMDAN as the mode decomposition method for single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) signal denoising in the SSVEP visual acuity assessment.

Additive manufacturing (AM) of Mg alloys has become a promising strategy for producing complex structures, but the corrosion performance of AM Mg components remains unexploited. In this study, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was employed to produce single AZ31 layer. The results revealed that the WAAM AZ31 was characterized by significant grain refinement with non-textured crystallographic orientation, similar phase composition and stabilized corrosion performance comparing to the cast AZ31. These varied corrosion behaviors were principally ascribed to the size of grain, where cast AZ31 and WAAM AZ31 were featured by micro galvanic corrosion and intergranular corrosion, respectively.

Background: To identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that may be used as potential biomarkers of sensitivity to antiretroviral therapy (ART) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Method: A two-stage matched case-control study was conducted. First, in the screening stage, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of six subjects receiving lamivudine-based ART (3 ART-resistant and 3 ART-sensitive subjects with matching durations of ART) were subjected to comprehensive microarray expression profiling in order to screen out lncRNAs associated with ART sensitivity. Secondly, during the validation stage, promising lncRNAs were evaluated via a 1:4 matched case-control study using 50 subjects (10 ART-resistant and 40 ART-sensitive subjects with matching durations of ART). Results: Seven lncRNAs were screened out (P

Objective: We assessed the longitudinal risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINs) with self-sampling human papillomavirus (HPV) tests, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and signal amplification (careHPV), to explore the appropriate intervals for cervical cancer screening. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in China during 2017–2020. Participants were invited for PCR and careHPV tests with self-samples at baseline. Women positive in either HPV test underwent colposcopy and biopsy if necessary. Women with baseline CIN grade one (CIN1) or less were followed up over 3 years. The absolute risk was assessed by the immediate risk (IR) and cumulative risk (CR), and the relative risk was assessed by the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 8,126 women were included in the final analysis. Women positive for the PCR HPV test had comparable IRs of CIN2+ and CIN3+ to those positive on the careHPV test. With triage by HPV genotyping, women with HPV 16/18 infection had the highest IRs of CIN2+ (21.15%) and CIN3+ (9.67%). For CR, women negative for PCR HPV test had a lower risk of CIN2+ than that reported in women negative on careHPV test (0.57% versus 0.98%, HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.87), but no significant difference was found in the CRs of CIN3+ between them (0.25% versus 0.39%, HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.20). Among women with CIN1 or less at baseline, women who were persistent or recurrent positive on careHPV or PCR HPV test had a higher risk of developing CIN3+ (11.36%-14.59%), compared with women remained HPV negative from baseline throughout follow-up (≤0.28%). Conclusions: Routine screening with 3-year intervals is acceptable for self-sampling HPV tests based on PCR or careHPV test. Women positive on HPV16/18 triaging at baseline or with CIN1 or less at baseline while being persistent or recurrent positive on careHPV or PCR HPV test during 3-year follow-up require immediate colposcopy or treatment.

Gliomas cause high mortality around the world. The metabolic pattern of the tumor was previously suggested to be associated with the patient's survival outcome and immune activity. Yet, this relationship in glioma remains unknown. This study systematically evaluated the immune landscape in different phenotypes classified by metabolic‐related pathways of 3068 glioma samples and 33 glioblastoma single‐cell sequencing samples. Machine learning prediction analysis of microarray with R (pamr) was used for validating clustering results. A total of 5842 pan‐cancer samples were used for external validation of the metabolic clusters. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, cell clone assay, EdU assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and co‐culture assay were performed to verify the distinction in molecular characteristics among metabolic clusters. Metabolomics and RNA sequencing were performed on HS683 and U251 cells to annotate potential hyaluronic acid (HA)‐mediated pathways. Three distinct metabolic phenotypes were identified. Metabolic cluster 1 correlated with a high number of immune infiltrating cells and poor survival of glioma patients. Metabolic clusters were proved with different levels of the macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 by multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Glioma cells from other metabolic clusters also expressed various levels of HA. HA was further found to mediate glioma proliferation, progression, and invasion. Moreover, HA potentially promoted macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization through the IL‐1/CHI3L1 and TGF‐b/CHI3L1 axes. HA also regulated the expression of PD‐L1. This work revealed the significant connection between metabolic patterns, especially HA, and tumor immune infiltration in gliomas.

Abstract In order to comprehensively and systematically analyze the reasons why antioxidant inhibitors can scavenge free radicals in coal and inhibit coal spontaneous combustion, this paper studies the effects of VC, TBHQ, EGCG and BHT on coal spontaneous combustion by means of coal spontaneous combustion characteristics experiments and quantum chemical simulation methods. The low-temperature oxidation characteristics of coal were studied through temperature-programmed experiments. The results showed that the CO emission of coal samples with antioxidants was significantly lower than that of raw coal. At 170 °C, the maximum decrease was 37.74%. Fourier infrared test showed that compared with the coal samples without antioxidant treatment, the adsorption strength of hydroxyl structure and oxygen-containing functional groups of the treated coal samples was significantly reduced. The area percentages of hydroxyl and methylene changed significantly, decreased by 7.14% and 6.46%, respectively. Subsequently, molecular models of four antioxidants were constructed using quantum chemical theory, and their Mulliken charges, BDE values ​and frontier orbitals were calculated according to density functional theory (DFT), and the active sites and inhibition mechanisms of antioxidants were discussed. The results showed that H9 of VC, H33 of EGCG, H1 of TBHQ and H40 of BHT all had strong ability to scavenge oxygen-containing free radicals, and their order of strength was TBHQ > BHT > EGCG > VC. Antioxidant inhibitors mainly reduce the number of active free radicals by removing the peroxide groups in the initial stage of the coal oxygen reaction, and remove the hydroxyl groups to prevent the further spontaneous combustion of coal and inhibit the low temperature oxidation process of coal.

AbstractBackground Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with adverse outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of baseline left ventricular hypertrophy and its relationship with baseline peritoneal transfer characteristics in peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods We enrolled 151 incident peritoneal dialysis patients to perform a multicentric retrospective cohort study since January 1, 2017 to January 31, 2021. Patients were grouped based on baseline dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio at 4 h as follows: low (

Intensification of biofuel production processes could play a critical role in boosting the economic and environmental features of the whole process. A novel bionic flow-induced peristaltic reactor with a high conversion rate is constructed to realize efficient biofuel production from high-concentration high-viscosity fluids. It is experimentally verified through biodiesel production from soybean oil. Experimental results show that the conversion efficiency is up to 89.9% at 10 s in the peristaltic reactor, which is 38.4% higher than that in the rigid tube reactor. Furthermore, a three-dimensional peristaltic model is conducted to understand the mechanism of heat and mass transfer enhancement. The simulation results show that an increase in peristaltic amplitude strengthens the mixing of the bionic peristaltic reactor by 92.5-100.8%. The temperature distribution in the bionic peristaltic reactor is more uniform than in the traditional rigid tube reactor. The results demonstrate that the conversion rate of soybean oil in the bionic flow-induced peristaltic reactor is 528.82% min-1, which is 17-60 times higher than other intensified reactors operating in either continuous or batch modes.

Abstract Background We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes between the oblique occlusion technique and the traditional technique for robot-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN) with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy, and to explore the safety and effectiveness of the oblique occlusion technique. Methods Overall, 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and IVC tumor thrombus (TT) were admitted to our hospital from August 2019 to June 2020. All the patients underwent RARN with IVC thrombectomy, of which the IVC oblique occlusion technique was used in 11 patients and traditional occlusion technique was used in 10 patients. The oblique occlusion technique refers to oblique blocking from the upper corner of the right renal vein to the lower corner of the left renal vein using a vessel tourniquet or a vessel clamp (left RCC with IVCTT as an example). Results Compared with patients in the traditional group, those in the oblique group had lower serum creatinine at follow-up (3 month) (95 ± 21.1 vs. 131 ± 30.7 μmol/L, P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in operation time [149 (IQR 143–245) min vs. 148 (IQR 108–261) min, p = 0.86], IVC clamping time [18 (IQR 12–20) min vs. 20 (IQR 14–23) min, p = 0.41], and estimated intraoperative blood loss [300 (IQR 100–800) mL vs. 500 (IQR 175–738) mL, p = 0.51] between both groups. During a 16-month (range, 15–23 months) follow-up period, two cases progressed in the oblique group and three cases progressed in the traditional group. Conclusions The modified IVC oblique occlusion technique procedure is relatively safe and effective in RARN with IVC thrombectomy. The IVC oblique occlusion technique may play a role in the protection of renal function.