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The DNA data storage based on the marker-LDPC code is designed, which can correct insertions/deletions/ substitutions and recover the stored information accurately. In this system, the data was mapped to the LDPC codeword, and then the known marker was inserted into it to construct the concatenated code, which was subsequently converted to the DNA sequence by employing the quadratic encoding method. Next, the DNA sequence was synthesized and stored. Finally, we extracted the DNA for sequencing, and then the stored information was recovered through the decoding based on the weighted Levenshtein distance. Experiment results show that the reliable DNA storage can be achieved with the marker-LDPC code.

Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) is a proliferative disease of pulmonary blood vessels, but the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is still unclear. This article explores the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tissue factor (TF), and coagulation function (CF) in the pathogenesis of PAH. PAH is often accompanied by vascular intima injury and muscular arterial media thickening. Coupled with the wide application of nanotargeted drugs in recent years, a targeted nanocarrier encapsulating sildenafil was prepared in this study. The particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency were 194.32 ± 17.31 nm , 0.28 ± 0.02 , − 6.34 ± 0.33 , 24.61%, and 70.52%. The monocrotaline PAH rat model was constructed, and it was found that the levels of TNF-α, TF, and CF in the peripheral blood of PAH rats were abnormally increased. 30 PAH rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and injected with saline (NS group), sildenafil (sildenafil group), target the nanoempty carrier (TNC-E group), ordinary nanocarrier encapsulated sildenafil (CNC-sildenafil group), and targeted nanocarrier encapsulate sildenafil (TNC-sildenafil group). Compared with the NS group, the mean pulmonary artery pressure in the TNC-sildenafil group was lower ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the normal rat group, the pulmonary small blood vessel media thickness, TNF-α level, TF level, and the area of myocardial cells were increased in the NS group, sildenafil group, TNC-E group, and CNC-sildenafil group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the NS group, the pulmonary small blood vessel media thickness, myocardial cell area, and the levels of TNF-α and TF in the TNC-sildenafil group were reduced ( P < 0.05 ). Targeting nanocarrier encapsulation of sildenafil can obviously reduce the average pulmonary artery pressure in rats with pulmonary hypertension, improve pulmonary vascular media proliferation and myocardial hypertrophy, and restore the levels of TNF-α, TF, and CF to a normal state.

Surface texturing, a well-known method to increase tribo-pair tribological performance, is widely used and of great importance in industrial manufacturing. By designing reasonable surface texture on two contact surfaces, the load-carrying capacity, wear resistance, and coefficient of friction of the tribo-pairs can be significantly improved. To investigate the influence of the macro-texture, millimeter magnitude, on the tribology performance, a large number of simulation cases were carried out in this work. And the influence of texture parameters including the ellipse aspect ratio, the depth-to-diameter ratio, density, and distribution on tribology performance was studied using the hydrodynamic lubrication model which was verified through a sample experiment of piston ring and cylinder liner tribo-pairs. In addition, a Taguchi algorithm was used to find the most suitable texture parameters. The results show that the influence of density on the coefficient of friction and load-carrying capacity is of significance and 20% density is sufficient for tribology performance. Dimple size and distribution had a more significant influence on tribology performance.

Background. Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactor etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription with good clinical curative effect on psoriasis. However, its therapeutic mechanisms are still unclear. Methods. The psoriasis model of SKH-1 nude mice was established by imiquimod-induced and HLJDD gavage was given. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate pathological morphologies, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Wnt1, β-catenin, and c-Myc in psoriasis mice. Western blot was used to examine the expressions of Frizzled-2, LRP5/6, GSK-3β, APC, Axin2, TCF4, LEF1, cyclin D1, TBX3, EPHB2, and NOTUM enzyme. Results. In this study, HLJDD reduced skin erythema and lesions, decreased the thickness of epidermal and downregulated the expressions of Wnt1, β-catenin, and c-Myc. Western blot results showed that HLJDD reduced the expressions of Wnt receptors Frizzled-2 and LRP5/6, and Wnt downstream target genes TCF4, LEF1, cyclin D1, TBX3, and EPHB2, while upregulated destruction complex proteins GSK-3β, APC, and Axin2. Conclusions. HLJDD can effectively treat psoriasis and inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway at multiple stages.

A considerable chunk of population in China live in rural areas. To create a suitable living environment in winter, many of them resort to additional solar house to improve the indoor thermal environment. Most of the previous studies focus on how the additional solar house changes the environment, but few try to optimize the size of that house. Therefore, this paper carries out field measurement and numerical simulation to evaluate the indoor thermal environment of a traditional building of Danihe Village, an important residential settlement in Xi’an, northwestern China’s Shaanxi Province, and explores the most suitable size of the additional solar house for improving the indoor thermal environment of the building in winter. The results show that the width of the additional solar house should be controlled within the range of 600–2400 mm, which provides the residents indoor with the best thermal environment. The research results offer a guide for improving indoor thermal environment and reducing indoor energy cost in future.

Supplementary Data, Figures 1-10, Table 1 from Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Water-Soluble Zinc Ionophores

Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Water-Soluble Zinc Ionophores

The prediction of tribological characteristics of the piston ring-cylinder liner friction (PRCL) assembly near the top dead center has been a difficult area of research. This study explores the micro-friction behavior of PRCL assemblies near the top dead center in engines using the molecular dynamics approach. The tribological characteristics of the PRCL were analyzed under various operating conditions such as ring sliding speed, ring back load, operating temperature, and lubricant supply amount. The liner surface morphology, liner wear, and lubricant film distribution were used to evaluate the tribological characteristics. It was determined that the lubricant supply amount has the most significant impact on the micro-friction behavior of the PRCL assembly.

Background: The chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) promotes severe skeletal muscle atrophy, which induces skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) contributes to a variety of pathophysiological processes, but whether it is involved in DOX-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is unclear. The present study aimed to stimulate sGC by vericiguat, a new oral sGC stimulator, to test its role in this process.Methods: Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, vericiguat group, DOX group, and DOX + vericiguat group. Exercise capacity was evaluated before the mice were sacrificed. Skeletal muscle atrophy was assessed by histopathological and molecular biological methods. Protein synthesis and degradation were monitored in mice and C2C12 cells.Results: In this study, a significant decrease in exercise capacity and cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscle fibers was found in mice following DOX treatment. Furthermore, DOX decreased sGC activity in mice and C2C12 cells, and a positive correlation was found between sGC activity and CSA of skeletal muscle fibers in skeletal muscle. DOX treatment also impaired protein synthesis, shown by puromycin detection, and activated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Following sGC stimulation, the CSA of muscle fibers was elevated, and exercise capacity was enhanced. Stimulation of sGC also increased protein synthesis and decreased ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, AKT/mTOR and FoxO1 pathways were impaired following DOX treatment, and stimulation of sGC restored the blunted pathways.Conclusion: These results unravel sGC stimulation can improve skeletal muscle atrophy and increase the exercise capacity of mice in response to DOX treatment by enhancing protein synthesis and inhibiting protein degradation. Stimulation of sGC may be a potential treatment of DOX-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction.

A poor seal of the titanium implant-soft tissue interface provokes bacterial invasion, aggravates inflammation and ultimately results in implant failure. To ensure the long-term success of titanium implants, lactoferrin-derived amyloid was coated on the titanium surface to increase the expression of cell integrins and hemidesmosomes, with the goal of promoting soft tissue seal and imparting antibacterial activity to the implants. The lactoferrin-derived amyloid coated titanium (LAT) structures contained a large number of amino and carboxyl groups on their surfaces, and promoted proliferation and adhesion of epithelial cells and fibroblasts via the PI3K/AKT pathway. The amyloid coating also had a strong positive charge and possessed potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In a rat immediate implantation model, the amyloid-coated titanium implants formed gingival junctional epithelium at the transmucosal region that resembled the junctional epithelium in natural teeth. This provides a strong soft tissue seal to wall off infection. Taken together, lactoferrin-derived amyloid is a dual-function transparent coating that promotes soft tissue seal and possesses antibacterial activity. These unique properties enable the synthesized amyloid to be used as potential biological implant coatings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The periosteum orchestrates the microenvironment of bone regeneration, including facilitating local neuro-vascularization and regulating immune responses. To mimic the role of natural periosteum for bone repair enhancement, we adopted the principle of biomimetic mineralization to delicately inlay amorphous cerium oxide within eggshell membranes (ESMs) for the first time. Cerium from cerium oxide possesses unique ability to switch its oxidation state from cerium III to cerium IV and vice versa, which provides itself promising potential for biomedical applications. ESMs are mineralized with cerium(III, IV) oxide and examined for their biocompatibility. Apart from serving as physical barriers, periosteum-like cerium(III, IV) oxide-mineralized ESMs are biocompatible and can actively regulate immune responses and facilitate local neuro-vascularization along with early-stage bone regeneration in a murine cranial defect model. During the healing process, cerium-inlayed biomimetic periosteum can boost early osteoclastic differentiation of macrophage lineage cells, which may be the dominant mediator of the local repair microenvironment. The present work provides novel insights into expanding the definition and function of a biomimetic periosteum to boost early-stage bone repair and optimize long-term repair with robust neuro-vascularization. This new treatment strategy which employs multifunctional bone-and-periosteum-mimicking systems creates a highly concerted microenvironment to expedite bone regeneration.

Sensory nerves promote osteogenesis through the release of neuropeptides. However, the potential application and mechanism in which sensory nerves promote healing of bone defects in the presence of biomaterials remain elusive. The present study identified that new bone formation was more abundantly produced after implantation of silicified collagen scaffolds into defects created in the distal femur of rats. The wound sites were accompanied by extensive nerve innervation and angiogenesis. Sensory nerve dysfunction by capsaicin injection resulted in significant inhibition of silicon-induced osteogenesis in the aforementioned rodent model. Application of extracellular silicon in vitro induced axon outgrowth and increased expression of semaphorin 3 A (Sema3A) and semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), as detected by the upregulation of signaling molecules. Culture medium derived from silicon-stimulated DRG cells promoted proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. These effects were inhibited by the use of Sema3A neutralizing antibodies but not by Sema4D neutralizing antibodies. Knockdown of Sema3A in DRG blocked silicon-induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis almost completely in a femoral defect rat model, whereas overexpression of Sema3A promoted the silicon-induced phenomena. Activation of “mechanistic target of rapamycin” (mTOR) pathway and increase of Sema3A production were identified in the DRG of rats that were implanted with silicified collagen scaffolds. These findings support the role of silicon in inducing Sema3A production by sensory nerves, which, in turn, stimulates osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Taken together, silicon has therapeutic potential in orthopedic rehabilitation.

Achieving high-efficiency solid state emission is essential for practical applications of organic luminescent materials. However, intermolecular interactions generally induce formation of multimeric aggregate excited states with deficient emissive ability, making it extremely challenging to enhance emission in aggregated states. Here we demonstrate a novel strategy of continuously regulating multimeric excitation constituents with a high-pressure technique successfully enhancing the emission in a representative organic charge-transfer material, Laurdan (6-lauroyl

The extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea L.（POP） were optimized and its effects on the colonic mucosa of mice with ulcerative colitis were studied. In this study, POP were extracted by ultrasonic and microwave synergism. The extraction process of POP was optimized by a single factor experiment and orthogonal design. HE staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of colon tissues in mice. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was 550 s, microwave power was 40 W, solid-liquid ratio (W/V) was 1:35, and extraction times were 3. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of POP was 3.80%. POP could improve the disease state of UC mice, and the high dose group could significantly reduce the DAI index. The results of the HE experiment showed that POP could reduce inflammatory infiltration and tissue damage of the colon in UC mice. This study provided a theoretical basis for the preparation of POP and its clinical application in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major cause of bacterial meningitis, septicemia and pneumonia in children. Inappropriate choice of antibiotic can have important adverse consequences for both the individual and the community. Here, we focused on penicillin/cefotaxime non-susceptibility of S. pneumoniae and evaluated appropriateness of targeted antibiotic therapy for children with IPD (invasive pneumococcal diseases) in China. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 14 hospitals from 13 provinces in China. Antibiotics prescription, clinical features and resistance patterns of IPD cases from January 2012 to December 2017 were collected. Appropriateness of targeted antibiotics therapy was assessed. Results 806 IPD cases were collected. The non-susceptibility rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and cefotaxime were 40.9% and 20.7% respectively in 492 non-meningitis cases, whereas those were 73.2% and 43.0% respectively in 314 meningitis cases. Carbapenems were used in 21.3% of non-meningitis cases and 42.0% of meningitis cases for targeted therapy. For 390 non-meningitis cases with isolates susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin and linezolid were used in 17.9% and 8.7% of cases respectively for targeted therapy. For 179 meningitis cases with isolates susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin and linezolid were prescribed in 55.3% and 15.6% of cases respectively. Overall, inappropriate targeted therapies were identified in 361 (44.8%) of 806 IPD cases, including 232 (28.8%) cases with inappropriate use of carbapenems, 169 (21.0%) cases with inappropriate use of vancomycin and 62 (7.7%) cases with inappropriate use of linezolid. Conclusions Antibiotic regimens for IPD definite therapy were often excessive with extensive prescription of carbapenems, vancomycin or linezolid in China. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented to improve antimicrobial use.

It has been shown that 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), the main bioactive compound of licorice, can modulate oxidative stress and metabolic processes in liver and skin. Given the critical role of oxidative stress and energy metabolism in exercise-induced fatigue, we hypothesized that 18β-GA could exert an ergogenic action by inhibiting excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction and promoting energy production in muscles. Mice were gavage-fed with 18β-GA for four consecutive days. Running ability was assessed based on the exhaustive treadmill test with high- and moderate-intensity. Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure the changes of muscle fatigue-related markers, oxidative stress status, and energy metabolism in response to 18β-GA exposure. Treatment with 18β-GA significantly increased the exhaustive running distance (~37%) in the high-intensity exercise, but not in the moderate-intensity exercise. Mechanistically, reduction of oxidative stress and induction of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH) by 18β-GA were observed. Moreover, 18β-GA treatment caused an improved preservation of muscle glycogen (12%), which was associated with upregulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) (91%) and increased insulin level (17%). The findings of the present study clearly suggest that 18β-GA holds excellent potential as a novel bioactive agent against high-intensity exercise-induced fatigue.

The prediction of lubrication performance is required to be the basement of friction optimization for marine engines. This paper simulates the lubrication performance of marine engines based on statistical models which have the advantages of fast, efficient, and macroscopic fault location. Boundary lubrication exists in the piston ring-cylinder liner (PRCL) of two-stroke marine engines because of the harsher load, lower speed, and larger structure. It has been proposed that there would be tribofilm under boundary lubrication which has a significant influence on the contact. To understand the boundary lubrication, it is necessary to study the lubrication regime transition. In this paper, firstly, the coefficient of friction curve combined with the thickness ratio embodies the lubrication regime transition process of two-stroke engines under work conditions. However, the phenomenon that the coefficients under boundary lubrication are smaller than that of other regimes shows the non-objectivity of this curve. Therefore, the Stribeck curve is introduced for objectively evaluating the transition. Then, the calculation of asperities contact pressure under boundary lubrication, which Wen proposed, is introduced into the classic Greenwood-Williamson model, the problem that the original model cannot reflect the boundary lubrication regime in the form of the Stribeck curve is improved. Finally, the results are compared before and after modifying the model to verify this study’s practicability. It provides more precise asperities contact pressure for the tribofilm growth calculation from the perspective of the Stribeck curve under the PRCL statistical model in future work.

Nine new highly oxygenated 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid-derived meroterpenoids, talaromynoids A-I (1-9), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus SCSIO 41517. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by HRMS, NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 1 and 7-9 possessed unprecedented 5/7/6/5/6/6, 6/7/6/6/6/5, 6/7/6/5/6/5/4, and 7/6/5/6/5/4 polycyclic systems, respectively. Biologically, compound 5 showed selective inhibitory activity against phosphatase CDC25B with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Moreover, 7-9 and 12 exhibited the activity of reducing triglyceride in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dosage-dependent manner.

To review the research progress of the application of autologous fat grafting in perioral and lower face rejuvenation.By extensively reviewing related articles and combining the clinical experiences, the anatomic features (fat compartments and blood supply), aging features of the perioral and lower face, and the application advancement and related complications of autologous fat grafting in this area were generally summarized.The aesthetic features of perioral and lower face include the lip, chin, and so on, and the anatomic structures relating autologous fat grafting include the mandibular fat compartments, chin fat compartments, and other fat compartments. Meanwhile, the facial artery passes through this area and spreads out several important branches. The aging features of perioral and lower face include the depening of nasolabial fold, the aging lip, perioral wrinkles, "marionette lines", and so on. Autologous fat grafting can improve perioral and lower face rejuvenation by restoring volume loss of facial fat compartments, correcting aging malformation, and improving skin quality. But there are neurovascular injuries, facial aesthetic problems, and other related complications.Autologous fat grafting can be applied in perioral and lower face rejuvenation, and it can effectively improve related aging features. There are several aspects developing aggressively, including the research of facial asthetics features of Chinese people, combining autologous fat grafting with surgery as well as other methods to comprehensively treat facial aging, and the application of fat tissue related derivatives in perioral and lower face rejuvenation. However, the resorption rate of facial grafted fat tissue is still too high, and the long-term effectiveness can not be assured. In the future, the solutions related to improving the survival rate of grafted fat tissue need to be explored in the future.综述自体脂肪移植在口周及下面部年轻化中的应用研究进展。.广泛查阅国内外相关研究文献，结合团队临床应用经验，就口周及下面部脂肪室及血供等解剖特点、老化特征以及自体脂肪移植在该区域年轻化治疗中的应用进展、相关并发症等进行广泛总结。.口周及下面部区域包含唇部、颏部等美学标志，具有下颌脂肪室、颏部脂肪室等自体脂肪填充相关解剖结构，且面动脉途经该区域并发出重要分支。口周及下面部老化包括鼻唇沟加深、唇部老化、口周皱纹、“木偶纹”等。自体脂肪移植可恢复面部脂肪室容量，纠正老化畸形，改善肤质，促进口周及下面部年轻化，但存在神经血管损伤、面部美学问题等相关并发症。.自体脂肪移植可用于口周及下面部年轻化治疗，能有效改善相关老化特征。国人面部美学特征相关研究、自体脂肪移植联合手术等综合治疗面部衰老，以及脂肪衍生物在口周及下面部年轻化中的应用均不断发展，但仍存在面部脂肪移植重吸收率高、远期效果不确定的问题，未来需探索提升移植脂肪存活率相关解决方案。.

To investigate the damage of rat alveolar type II epithelial cells(RLE-6 TN) caused by air fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) and its related mechanism.PM_(2.5) in the atmosphere of Weifang City in 2020 was collected and cell culture medium was used to prepare particulate suspension. RLE-6 TN cells were exposed to different concentrations(25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) of particulate matter suspensions for 24 h. The morphological changes of RLE-6 TN cells were observed under inverted microscope, and the cell viability was determined by MTT method. The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in cell supernatant was determined by microplate method. DCFH-DA, Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 probe and laser confocal fluorescence intensity were used to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents and activity levels in cells were determined by colorimetric method. Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 kit were used to detect the relative expression activity of apoptosis proteins.PM_(2.5) could lead to morphological changes of RLE-6 TN cells, enlarged cell space and decreased cell viability. Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in each dose group(Plt;0.05). LDH concentration in the supernatant of ≥50 μg/mL infected group increased, and LDH concentration was ≥(377.82±29.84), which was significantly different from that of the control group(278.51±23.76)(Plt;0.05). The result of laser confocal detection of ROS showed that the intracellular green fluorescence increased gradually in the ≥50 μg/mL group, and the relative fluorescence intensity was ≥(2.77±0.18), which was statistically significant compared with the control group(Plt;0.05). The level of apoptosis was significantly increased compared with the control group(Plt;0.05). The level of mitochondrial membrane potential decreased gradually, and the level of mitochondrial membrane potential in the ≥25 μg/mL group was ≤(4.22±0.45), which was statistically different from that in the control group(6.16±0.49)(Plt;0.05). PM_(2.5) could reduce the levels of T-SOD and GSH, and the levels of T-SOD and GSH in ≥50 μg/mL exposed group were ≤(14.67±0.49) and ≤(433.29±39.24), respectively, significantly lower than those in control group((16.58±0.60) and(542.90±45.06))(Plt;0.05). MDA level increased with the increase of PM_(2.5) concentration. Compared with the control group(1.15±0.19), MDA level in ≥50 μg/mL exposed group was ≥(1.72±0.13), with statistical significance(Plt;0.05). The activity levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 increased in ≥100 μg/mL group, and the activity levels were ≥(1.62±0.27) and ≥(1.23±0.06), respectively, compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant(Plt;0.05).Exposure to a certain concentration of PM_(2.5) can induce oxidative stress of rat alveolar type II epithelial cells, reduce the membrane potential, and eventually lead to cell apoptosis.

Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) enable paralyzed persons to generate movement, but current methods require large amounts of both neural and movement-related data to be collected from the iBCI user for supervised decoder training. We hypothesized that the low-dimensional latent neural representations of motor behavior, known to be preserved across time, might also be preserved across individuals, and allow us to circumvent this problem. We trained a decoder to predict the electromyographic (EMG) activity for a “source” monkey from the latent signals of motor cortex. We then used Canonical Correlation Analysis to align the latent signals of a “target” monkey to those of the source. These decoders were as accurate across monkeys as they were across sessions for a given monkey. Remarkably, the same process with latent signals from a human participant with tetraplegia was within 90% of the with-monkey decoding across session accuracy. Our findings suggest that consistent representations of motor activity exist across animals and even species. Discovering this common representation is a crucial first step in designing iBCI decoders that perform well without large amounts of data and supervised subject-specific tuning.

Background Intrinsic capacity can better reflects the physical functioning of older adults, however, few studies have been able to systematically and thoroughly examine its influencing factors and provide limited evidence for improvement of intrinsic capacity. This study aimed to describe the status of intrinsic capacity of older adults in the community, compare the decline rate of older adults, explore the its influencing factors, and analyze the correlation between each of the five domains of intrinsic capacity and the factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Chinese community. The self-designed general characteristics questionnaire was created based on the healthy aging framework and a systematic review. Intrinsic capacity was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), self-reported visual and hearing status, Mini Nutritional Assessment Brief Form (MNA-SF), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The influencing factors of intrinsic capacity were investigated using stepwise logistic regression. The correlation between the five domains of intrinsic capacity and the factors using Spearman correlation. Results A total of 968 older adults with a mean age of 71.00 (68.00, 76.75) were examined, and 704 older adults (72.7%) showed a decline in intrinsic capacity. There was a decline in at least one domain in 39.3% of older adults, with declines in each domain ranging from 5.3% (psychological) to 52.4% (sensory). Older adults had a higher risk of intrinsic capacity decline if they were 75–89 years old (95% CI: 1.153–2.293), had a low education level (95% CI: 0.284–0.652), lived alone (95% CI: 1.130–3.210), smoked (95% CI: 0.307–0.858), high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (95% CI: 1.246–1.810) scores, did not regular exercise (95% CI: 0.324–0.869), with lower handgrip strength (95% CI: 0.946–0.983). All the above factors influenced most of the domains of intrinsic capacity except smoking, and CCI can negatively influenced all domains of intrinsic capacity. Conclusions We found a relatively high prevalence of intrinsic capacity; more attention should be paid to olde adults who are older, less educated, live alone, and have more comorbidities. A healthy lifestyle should be emphasized for older adults with smoking, no regular exercise, and low handgrip strength.

Ample evidence has demonstrated an important role for autophagy as either a protective mechanism or a cause for hepatotoxicity, denoting the likely potentials for targeting autophagy in the prevention or treatment of hepatotoxicity.The functional role of autophagy is in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity has been gradually recognized. Mechanistically, autophagy-mediated either protective or promoting effect on hepatotoxicity is attributed to its functions to regulate oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lipid metabolisms, iron homeostasis, inflammatory response and programmed cell death. Targeting autophagy as a novel strategy for fighting against hepatotoxicity has demonstrated encouraging efficacy in a number of models.Clarifying the precise functional role of autophagy in different types of hepatotoxicity is essential for developing the type-specific autophagy-based intervention. Unraveling the molecular targets and identifying novel agents for effectively and accurately manipulating autophagy are needed for a better utilization of autophagy-based approach to exert beneficial effect on hepatotoxicity.Well-designed clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy of autophagy-targeting strategy for hepatotoxicity intervention. Further studies should be also focused on developing novel autophagy-targeting agents that can accurately regulate autophagy based on the characteristics of each type of hepatotoxicity.

To investigate the renal injury induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl_2) and the protective effect of vitamin C(VC) in mice.Forty healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group(double distilled water gavage and intraperitoneal injection), VC group(200 mg/kg VC gavage and double distilled water intraperitoneal injection), CdCl_2 group(double distilled water gavage and 2 mg/kg CdCl_2 intraperitoneal injection), VC+CdCl_(2 )group(200 mg/kg VC gavage and 2 mg/kg CdCl_2 intraperitoneal injection). Exposure for 30 days.24 hours after the last exposure, the eyeballs were taken out for blood, and the renal tissue was immediately taken out to calculate kidney coefficient and then separate renal cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA kit and flow cytometry. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr)and β2 microglobulin(β2-MG), cystatin C(Cys C), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), malondialdehyde(MDA), Caspase3 and Caspase9 kits were used to detect the corresponding indicators respectively. The contents of Cd~(2+) and Zn~(2+) in serum and kidney were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.The levels of kidney coefficient and BUN, Scr, β2-MG were 1.36±0.10, (19.34±0.63)mmol/L, (61.30±2.04)mmol/L and(1.02±0.10)g/mL respectively in CdCl_(2 )group, which were higher than those in the control group and VC group(Plt;0.05). The levels of the above four indexes in VC+CdCl_(2 )group were 1.09±0.10, (9.65±0.50)mmol/L, (41.85±1.27)mmol/L and(0.61±0.01)g/mL respectively, which were lower than those in CdCl_2 group(Plt;0.05). CdCl_2 exposure resulted in unclear glomerular contour, swelling of renal tubules, interstitial hyperemia, and exfoliated epithelial cells in the lumen. VC pretreatment could improve the above changes. The levels of Cd~(2+) in serum and renal tissue of mice in CdCl_2 group were(4.36±0.07)μg/L, (18.6±1.95)μg/g respectively, which were higher than that of control group and VC group(Plt;0.05), in VC+CdCl_2 group, the level were(2.12±0.06)μg/L and(2.18±0.09)μg/g, they were lower than that of CdCl_2 group(Plt;0.05). The level of serum Zn~(2+ )in CdCl_2 group was(11.35±1.03)μg/L, that was lower than control group(Plt;0.05). The level of serum Zn~(2+) in VC+CdCl_2 group was(26.98±3.13)μg/L, which was higher than that of CdCl_2 group(Plt;0.05). The levels of ROS, MDA, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in kidney tissue of mice in CdCl_2 group were(1.86±0.13), (4.78±0.15)nmol/mg, 1.50±0.24 and 1.69±0.17 respectively, which were higher than those in control group(Plt;0.05). And the level of GSH-Px was(261.3±23.36)U/mg, it was lower than that in control group(Plt;0.05). Compared with the CdCl_2 group, the levels of ROS, MDA, Caspase3 and Caspase9 in VC+CdCl_2 group decreased, and the level of GSH-Px increased, the difference was statistically significant(Plt;0.05).CdCl_2 exposure can lead to oxidative stress, damage of glomerulus and renal tubules, imbalance of zinc ion homeostasis, and damage of renal function. VC pretreatment can reduce the damage caused by CdCl_2 to a certain extent.

(+)- and (-)-talaromyoxaones A and B (1 and 2, respectively), two new oxaphenalenone derivatives with a hemiacetal frame and an unprecedented spirolactone frame of a 2'H,3H,4'H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,3'-pyran]-3-one unit that show biosynthetic enantiodivergence, and two new oxaphenalenone analogues (±)-11-apopyrenulin (3) and (+)- or (-)-abeopyrenulin (4) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus SCSIO 41517. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 showed selective inhibitory activity against phosphatases SHP1, SHP2, and MEG2 with IC50 values of 1.3-3.4 μM, and the potential modes of action for 1 were investigated by a preliminary molecular docking study.

Tooth biomineralization is a dynamic and complicated process influenced by local and systemic factors. Abnormal mineralization in teeth occurs when factors related to physiologic mineralization are altered during tooth formation and after tooth maturation, resulting in microscopic and macroscopic manifestations. The present Review provides timely information on the mechanisms and structural alterations of different forms of pathological tooth mineralization. A comprehensive study of these alterations benefits diagnosis and biomimetic treatment of abnormal mineralization in patients.

Atrazine is one of the widely used herbicides in the world and most of the current researches on atrazine neurodevelopment toxicity have focused on rodents or zebrafish models in vivo, resulting in relatively high cost, time consumption, and lower translational value to identify its hazard for the developing brain. Major international initiatives have pushed forward to convert the traditional animal-based developmental toxicity tests to in vitro assays using human cells to detect and predict chemical health hazards. In this study, we presented a human neural differentiation model based on human embryonic stem cells (hESC) that can be used to test toxicity at different stages of neural differentiation in vitro. hESC were differentiated into neural stem cells (NSC) and then terminally differentiated towards mixed neurons and glial cells for 21 days. Cell survival, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene expression levels were examined. Our results demonstrated that atrazine inhibited the proliferation of hESC and NSC, and showed different toxic sensitivity on these two kinds of cells. Also, atrazine blocked the NSC cell cycle G1 phase via down-regulating CCND1, CDK2, and CDK4, with no obvious effect on apoptosis. In addition, atrazine curbed EB spontaneous differentiation and NSC-induced neurons and glia cells differentiation. Atrazine altered genes expression levels of PAX6, TUBB3, NCAM1, GFAP, TH, NR4A1, and GRIA1. From the data we obtained, we recognized that the dopaminergic system was not the only target of atrazine neurotoxicity, glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes were also adversely affected.

LINC01272 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been considered as a biomarker for many diseases including lung squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we investigated the function and mechanism of LINC01272 on lung cancer (LC). The differential expression of LINC01272 in LC and normal samples was analyzed by GEPIA based on the data from TCGA-LUAD database, as survival prognosis was analyzed through Kaplan-Meier Plotter. LINC01272 overexpression plasmid and miR-7-5p mimic were transfected into A549 and PC-9 cells. LINC01272, miR-7-5p and cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1) mRNA expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was detected through MTT assay. Cell multiplication was evaluated by cell formation assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry assay. Through bioinformatics, the target miRNA of LINC01272 and downstream genes of miR-7-5p were predicted. The targeting relationship was tested by dual luciferase reporter analysis. CRLS1, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-associated X (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels were detected through western blot. LINC01272 was downregulated in LC and low LINC01272 expression had poor prognosis. In A549 and PC-9 cells, LINC01272 inhibited cell viability and multiplication and induced apoptosis. LINC01272 negatively regulated miR-7-5p and CRLS1 was a target of miR-7-5p. MiR-7-5p reversed the effect of LINC01272 on viability, multiplication, apoptosis and expression of miR-7-5p and CRLS1 as well as apoptosis-related factors (Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3). LINC01272 suppressed cell multiplication and induced apoptosis via regulating the miR-7-5p/CRLS1 axis in LC.