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As intracellular fatty acid (FA) carriers, FA-binding proteins (FABPs) widely participate in the absorption, transport, and metabolism of FAs. It is a key protein in insect lipid metabolism and plays an important role in various physiological activities of insects. An FABP gene (HvFABP) was cloned from the transcriptional library of Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and its expression patterns were determined using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Stage- and tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that HvFABP highly expressed from prepupal to adult stages and in larval midgut and adult wings. HvFABP expression may be induced through starvation, mRNA expression was downregulated at 24 and 48 h and upregulated at 72 h after starvation. Furthermore, 20-hydroxyecdysone can induce the upregulation of its expression. RNA interference-mediated silencing of HvFABP significantly inhibited HvFABP expression, resulting in delayed development, abnormal molting or lethal phenotypes, and a significantly reduced survival rate. These results indicate that HvFABP plays a key role in the molting of H. vitessoides.

Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most common forms of death for gastrointestinal cancers, however, its cell composition is incompletely understood. Here, the authors use single cell RNA-seq of peritoneal metastases from 35 patients and show diversity in immune cells, and plasticity in cancer cell phenotypes and autophagy related genes as biomarkers of prognosis.

Exploiting the electrical and mechanical properties of CNT films remain elusive because of the difficult material process. Here, Wang et al. report multifunctional MWCNT films with crystalline structure which exhibited great electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, high thermoelectric power factor, and large ampacity.

The high-speed simulation of large-scale offshore wind farms (OWFs) preserving the internal machine information has become a huge challenge due to the large wind turbine (WT) count and microsecond-range time step. Hence, it is undoable to investigate the internal node information of the OWF in the electro-magnetic transient (EMT) programs. To fill this gap, this paper presents an equivalent modeling method for largescale OWF, whose accuracy and efficiency are guaranteed by integrating the individual devices of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based WT. The node-elimination algorithm is used while the internal machine information is recursively updated. Unlike the existing aggregation methods, the developed EMT model can reflect the characteristics of each WT under different wind speeds and WT parameters without modifying the codes. The access to each WT controller is preserved so that the time-varying dynamics of all the WTs could be simulated. Comparisons of the proposed model with the detailed model in PSCAD/EMTDC have shown very high precision and high efficiency. The proposed modeling procedures can be used as reference for other types of WTs once the structures and parameters are given.

Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a popular treatment for cervical spondylosis, a common degenerative disease of the spine. It has proven to be effective in relieving the pain from cervical spondylosis, but the mechanism is not clear. The development of neuroimaging has made it possible to perform visualization analyses of the cerebral structure and function in patients with cervical spondylosis, made the theory of somatosensory cortical remodeling proposed from the central perspective a new hot spot in the research on pathogenesis of cervical spondylosis, and the exploration of different manipulation treatments for cervical spondylosis based on the central effect a new direction of research on OMT. We reviewed the latest advances in central analgesic mechanisms of OMT for cervical spondylosis, mainly involving modulating the activity of brain regions, changing the default mode network, and regulating sympathetic nerve function, and summarized that OMT may improve pain via the following paths: enhancing central gating and modulating sensory-motor integration processes, or enhancing the strength of connections between sensory cortex and prefrontal cortex (an important structure for performing executive functions) in the default mode network, accelerating local neural remodelling and weakening white matter fibre connections between negative memory and emotion-related areas, or modulating sympathetic function and restoring brain mechanisms in inhibiting pain and central sensitisation for analgesic effects. The brain regions, functional brain networks and various biomarkers and observable indicators related to pain activation summarised in this study provide directions for future research. Future applied and basic research is recommended to adopt a step-by-step design, pay attention to the diversity of the research population, use the multi-point observation technique to assess the mechanism of efficacy, and enrich the scientific essentials of OMT.

The concentrated blueberry candied syrup and the whole milk sterilized pure milk were used as raw material to prepare set yoghurt. The influence of addition amount for blueberry candied syrup, sugar content, starter inoculation quantity and fermentation time on the yogurt sensory quality, whey exhalation rate and acidity were investigated. Furthermore, the response surface experiment was carried out on the basis of single factor experiment to optimize the set yoghurt preparation technological parameters. Then the texture parameters of yoghurt were compared with those of commercial yoghurt. The results showed that the optimal preparation technology of blueberry set yoghurt was as follows: The addition amount of concentrate blueberry candied syrup (concentration ratio 2 with the total sugar content 0.679 mg/mL) in the yoghurt 7%, custer sugar 4%, starter inoculation amount 0.6%, whey protein powder 2%, and fermentation control time 11 h. Under these conditions, the whey release rate was 12.43%, the acidity was 83.66°T and the sensory score reached the highest score 88.13. The blueberry set yoghurt was purple with strong frankincense and blueberry flavor. The hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of this product were lower than those of commercially available fermented milk, but the water holding capacity was stronger. It was more delicate and refreshing, which tasted better than the commercially available products with thickening agent addition. In this study, the basic preparation conditions of set yoghurt of blueberry preserved fruit syrup were determined, which provided useful reference for improving the comprehensive utilization value of blueberry preserved fruit syrup and developing new fruity set yoghurt.

Abstract Background Scoliosis behavior after curettage of spinal osteoid osteoma has been not clarified as most studies regarding scoliosis secondary to osteoid osteoma (OO) were case reports. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) clinical and radiographic features of scoliosis secondary to OO; (2) scoliosis behavior after Curettage of OO. Methods A retrospective study was performed at patients who were diagnosed as OO clinically or pathologically from July 1998 to December 2019 in a single institution. Age, gender, location of pain, location of lesion and curve pattern of scoliosis were collected preoperatively. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time and surgical complications were documented. VAS scores and curve magnitude were collected pre- and postoperatively and at last follow-up. Results The mean operation time was 124 ± 32 min and the average intraoperative blood loss was 274 ± 134 ml. The mean preoperative VAS score was 6.2 ± 2.7, and the mean postoperative VAS score was 2.1 ± 1.8. Thoracic scoliosis was improved from 22.7 ± 10.6° to 6.2 ± 4.3° after operation, and to 4.1 ± 4.3° at last follow-up. Lumbar scoliosis was improved from 18.1 ± 7.4° to 6.7 ± 5.2° after operation, and to 5.3 ± 3.9° at last follow-up. Trunk shift was improved from 34.7 ± 12.4 to 10.5 ± 7.2 mm after operation, and to 8.4 ± 5.6 mm at last follow-up. There was no significant differences as to sagittal radiographic parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusion Patients with spinal OO had a significantly high incidence of scoliosis. Patients could get rapid relief of pain and scoliosis with low occurrence. Night pain, pain at the concave side of curve, normal sagittal alignment could help differentiate it from scoliosis associated with lumbar disc herniation.

ObjectiveAging is associated with decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels, which in turn cause dysfunctional mitochondria and indirectly affect a myriad of diseases. Intracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (iNAMPT) serves as a central rate-limiting enzyme in NAD synthesis, making it an indispensable health mediator. This meta-analysis examined the effect of exercise training on the expression of iNAMPT in humans.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for studies published between the inception of the database and July 5, 2023. Using the common-effect model, evidence for the change in iNAMPT following exercise training was synthesized as Cohen’s d.ResultsThe search yielded five eligible studies. The overall effect size is 0.81, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.55 to 1.07. Therefore, a random adult will have a 71.7% probability that iNAMPT will be up-regulated following exercise training. In general, exercise training resulted in a 1.46-fold increase in iNAMPT. Our probability statistics indicate that subgroups of interest may differ practically. Specifically, there is a 79.3% probability of increased iNAMPT in men, compared to a 69.0% probability in the overall population; young adults have a 75.6% probability of having an increased iNAMPT, whereas aged adults have a 68.7% probability; and, iNAMPT has a 75.1% probability increase after aerobic exercise and a 66.4% probability increase after resistance exercise.ConclusionExercise training is effective for increasing iNAMPT levels in skeletal muscles. This essential enzyme regulates not only cellular energetics but also healthspan. Therefore, exercise should be promoted as a natural slow-aging lifestyle.

Co/Fe bimetallic spherical nanomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal method as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst, which can catalyze the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by O2, thereby replacing stoichiometric oxidation reagents such as chromate and manganese oxide. CoFe2O4 has good oxidation activity and selectivity for benzyl alcohol. The catalyst catalyzes the preparation of formaldehyde from benzyl alcohol oxide by O2 at 150 °C, with a conversion rate of 95.3% and a yield of 96.7%. Furthermore, the catalyst is recycled for 5 consecutive uses without significant degradation of its catalytic performance.

BackgroundPLAC8 has been identified in the progression of various cancers by inducing tumorigenesis, immune response, chemotherapy resistance and metastasis. Nevertheless, the precise biological function of PLAC8 in renal cancer remains unknown.MethodsWe obtained the expression profile and associated clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The biological behavior of specific cell lines was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. A prognostic model was constructed based on PLAC8-related molecules through a machine-learning algorithm.ResultsWe observed overexpression of PLAC8 in ccRCC patients. In addition, PLAC8 has been identified as being linked to unfavorable clinical characteristics and adverse prognosis outcomes. Biological enrichment analysis revealed the potential involvement of PLAC8 in cell cycle checkpoints, mitotic phase transformation, immunotherapy-predicted and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related pathways. In addition, immune analyses showed that PLAC8 was involved in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affecting the effect of immunotherapy in ccRCC patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in the proliferation, invasion and migration of renal cancer cells following the knockdown of PLAC8. Finally, LASSO logistics regression was applied to construct a prognosis model, which presented a favorable prediction ability on the prognosis of ccRCC.ConclusionOur results implied that PLAC8 may be a novel immunotherapy biomarker of ccRCC, which is a crucial molecule in remodeling the cancer microenvironment. PLAC8 can predict immunotherapy response and is expected to guide precise treatment.

As a traditional bone implant material, titanium (Ti) and its alloys have the disadvantages of lack of biological activity and susceptibility to stress shielding effect. Adipose stem cells (ADSCs) and exosomes were combined with the scaffold material in the current work to effectively create a hydroxyapatite (HA) coated porous titanium alloy scaffold that can load ADSCs and release exosomes over time. The composite made up for the drawbacks of traditional titanium alloy materials with higher mechanical characteristics and a quicker rate of osseointegration. Exosomes (Exos) are capable of promoting the development of ADSCs in porous titanium alloy scaffolds with HA coating, based on experimental findings from in vitro and in vivo research. Additionally, compared to pure Ti implants, the HA scaffolds loaded with adipose stem cell exosomes demonstrated improved bone regeneration capability and bone integration ability. It offers a theoretical foundation for the combined use of stem cell treatment and bone tissue engineering, as well as a design concept for the creation and use of novel clinical bone defect repair materials.

The intermittent ozone (O3) exposure of crops to alternating high and low concentrations is common in fields, but its impact on crop production has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, two widely planted and O3-sensitive crops, winter wheat and soybean, were intermittently exposed to elevated O3 concentrations in open-top chambers. The results showed that the winter wheat and soybean yields significantly decreased with O3 exposure (AOT40, cumulative hourly O3 concentration above 40 ppb) (p < 0.001). The relative yield losses were 0.99% per AOT40 for winter wheat and 1.2% per AOT40 for soybean, respectively. The responses of the crop biomasses to elevated O3 concentrations were lower than that of crop yield. Although the O3-induced crop yield and biomass losses under continuous O3 exposure were greater than those under intermittent O3 exposure, the differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, we can conclude that the effects of elevated O3 concentrations on crops are closely related to the exposure dose but not significantly related to the temporal distribution of elevated O3 concentrations. This study improves our understanding of how crop production responds to intermittent O3 exposure.

Satellite-Drone Image Cross-View Geolocalization has wide applications. Due to the pronounced variations in the visual features of 3D objects under different angles, Satellite-Drone cross-view image geolocalization remains an unresolved challenge. The key to successful cross-view geolocalization lies in extracting crucial spatial structure information across different scales in the image. Recent studies improve image matching accuracy by introducing an attention mechanism to establish global associations among local features. However, existing methods primarily focus on using single-scale features and employ a single-channel attention mechanism to correlate local convolutional features from different locations. This approach inadequately explores and utilizes multi-scale spatial structure information within the image, particularly lacking in the extraction and utilization of locally valuable information. In this paper, we propose a cross-view image geolocalization method based on multi-scale information and a dual-channel attention mechanism. The multi-scale information includes features extracted from different scales using various convolutional slices, and it extensively utilizes shallow network features. The dual-channel attention mechanism, through successive local and global feature associations, effectively learns depth discriminative features across different scales. Experimental results were conducted using existing satellite and drone image datasets, with additional validation performed on an independent self-made dataset. The findings indicate that our approach exhibits superior performance compared to existing methods. The methodology presented in this paper exhibits enhanced capabilities, especially in the exploitation of multi-scale spatial structure information and the extraction of locally valuable information.