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Polysubstituted pyridines are prepared in good yield and with total regiocontrol by the one-pot reaction of an alkynone, 1,3-dicarbonyl compound and ammonium acetate in alcoholic solvents. This new three-component heteroannulation reaction proceeds under mild conditions in the absence of an additional acid catalyst and has been used in the synthesis of dimethyl sulfomycinamate, the acidic methanolysis degradation product of the sulfomycin family of thiopeptide antibiotics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Although winter wheat has been mapped by remote sensing in several studies, such mapping efforts did not sufficiently utilize contextual information to reduce the noise and still depended heavily on optical imagery and exhausting classification approaches. Furthermore, the influence of similarity measures on winter wheat identification remains unclear. To overcome these limitations, this study developed an object-based automatic approach to map winter wheat using multitemporal Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) imagery. First, after S1 and S2 images were preprocessed, the Simple Non-Iterative Clustering (SNIC) algorithm was used to conduct image segmentation to obtain homogeneous spatial objects with a fusion of S1 and S2 bands. Second, the temporal phenology patterns (TPP) of winter wheat and other typical land covers were derived from object-level S1 and S2 imagery based on the collected ground truth samples, and two improved distance measures (i.e., a composite of Euclidean distance and Spectral Angle Distance, (ESD) and the difference–similarity factor distance (DSF)) were built to evaluate the similarity between two TPPs. Third, winter wheat objects were automatically identified from the segmented spatial objects by the maximum between-class variance method (OTSU) with distance measures based on the unique TPP of winter wheat. According to ground truth data, the DSF measure was superior to other distance measures in winter wheat mapping, since it achieved the best overall accuracy (OA), best kappa coefficient (Kappa) and more spatial details for each feasible band (i.e., NDVI, VV, and VH/VV), or it obtained results comparable to those for the best one (e.g., NDVI + VV). The resultant winter wheat maps derived from the NDVI band with the DSF measure achieved the best accuracy and more details, and had an average OA and Kappa of 92% and 84%, respectively. The VV polarization with the DSF measure produced the second best winter wheat maps with an average OA and Kappa of 91% and 80%, respectively. The results indicate the great potential of the proposed object-based approach for automatic winter wheat mapping for both optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection and evaluation of high-quality embryos are the key factors affecting in vitro embryo development and pregnancy outcome. The timing of first embryonic cleavage has been considered a positive indicator of the in vitro developmental potential of embryos, while the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, the embryos generated by parthenogenetic activation (PA) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) were monitored and recorded every 2 h and divided into two groups (early cleavage or late cleavage) based on the cleavage rate and blastocyst formation data. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the gene expression pattern of the embryos. We identified 667 and 71 different expression genes (DEGs) in early cleavage and late cleavage porcine PA and IVF embryos, respectively. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the DEGs are mainly enriched in pathways concerning the proteasome, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis, suggesting that severe endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and DNA damage may be the key factors that led to the low development potential of late cleavage embryos. This study provides a theoretical basis for the following application and offers important information about the understanding of the timely manner of porcine embryo development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-temperature tenderization is an important aspect in the processing of sea cucumber. Oxidative reactions induce protein aggregation or degradation during thermal treatment. However, whether protein oxidation occurs in sea cucumber during tenderization is unclear. Moreover, the effects of heat treatment on the protein structure in sea cucumber have not been well explored. In this study, Apostichopus japonicus body wall (AJBW) were tenderized at 37 °C and changes in the protein microstructure of AJBW and the relative indicators of oxidative reactions, including carbonyl, sulfhydryl, and amino constituents, were investigated. The findings indicated that the collagen fibers were depolymerized and the maximum denaturation temperature of collagen was significantly reduced after tenderization, suggesting that this process induced structural changes in collagen fibers. Furthermore, amino acid side-chain modifications and the formation of an unstable secondary and tertiary conformation indicated oxidation of the water-soluble proteins. The findings revealed that tenderization of AJBW caused the destruction of the collagen fiber structure and resulted in protein oxidation and degradation. Therefore, our study lays the foundation for subsequent research for determining the mechanism of tenderization. • Heating Apostichopus japonicus at 37 °C resulted in tenderization over time. • Collagen fibers were depolymerized and thermostability reduced after tenderization. • Carbonyl content increased and sulfhydryl content decreased after tenderization. • Unstable secondary and tertiary conformation changes were found after tenderization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A luminescent probe of Tb3+-functionalized Zr-MOF was used to detect thiabendazole. • The probe exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward thiabendazole. • The probe was applied to detect thiabendazole in oranges combined QuEChERS method. • The probe shows great potential practical applications in thiabendazole detection. Thiabendazole (TBZ), has been extensively employed as a pesticide and/or a fungicide in agriculture, while its residues would threaten to public health and safety. Simple, rapid and sensitive probes for detection of TBZ in real food samples is significantly desirable. In present work, a highly selective and sensitive luminescent sensor for monitoring TBZ in oranges has been constructed based on a Tb3+-functionalized Zr-MOF (Tb3+@ 1). Tb3+@ 1 exhibited many attractive sensing properties toward TBZ, including broad linear range (0–80 μM), high selectivity, low LOD (0.271 μM) and rapid response time (less than1 min). Moreover, the probe was employed to determine TBZ in real orange samples, in which good recoveries from 98.41 to 104.48% were obtained. It only takes 35 min for the whole process of detection TBZ in real orange samples combined with QuEChERS method. Therefore, this work provided a reliable and rapid method for monitoring the TBZ in real orange samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qingxue jiedu Formulation (QF) is composed of two classic prescriptions which have been clinically used for more than 5 centuries and appropriately modified through basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine for treating various skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD), acute dermatitis and rash. Although QF possesses a prominent clinical therapeutic effect, seldom pharmacological studies on its anti-AD activity are conducted. We used AD mice model to investigate the anti-AD activities of QF, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms which involved signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced AD mice were used to collect serum and skin tissues for consequential determination. The levels of various inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-12, Interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, IL-6 and immunoglobulin E (IgE)] were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was contributed to detect the effects of relevant inflammatory factors on mRNA. The roles of STAT3, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in AD response were analyzed by Western blotting (WB), and the thickening of mice dorsal skin and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. QF significantly reduced the skin thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration and other symptoms in AD mice. The levels of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IgE were decreased, while IFN-γ was increased by QF in the ELISA analysis. QF lessened the levels of lL-6 and elevated IFN-γ on the mRNA level. In addition, WB analysis showed QF thoroughly inhibited the activation of NF-κB, STAT3 and phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, while partially suppressed MAPK signaling pathways. QF inhibited the activations of STAT3, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and possessed a significant therapeutic effect on AD. Therefore, QF deserves our continuous attention and research as a prominent medicine for AD. Image 1 • Mechanism analysis of Traditional Chinese medicine formulation. • Analysis of Chinese medicine in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. • Evaluation of STAT3, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in Qingxue jiedu Formulation (QF) for AD therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recurrence of freeze-thaw processes induced by day-night and seasonal temperature changes is one of the most important reasons for damage and instability of rock engineering structures in cold regions. The study of the constitutive relationship and the damage degradation of rocks subjected to freeze-thaw weathering process is therefore of critical scientific importance to solving the stability problem of rock excavations in these regions. In this work, the stress-strain relationships of rocks subjected to different number of freeze-thaw weathering cycles were investigated in details. Experimental results show that as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the compaction stage of the stress-strain curve becomes longer with more pronounced nonlinear features, while the uniaxial compressive strength, full compaction stress, tangent deformation modulus and initial deformation modulus all decrease, but the peak strain and full compaction strain all increase. A new piecewise constitutive model based on the characteristics of compaction and post-compaction stages of the stress-strain curve was proposed using a statistical compaction model in combination with the conventional statistical damage mechanics model with the strain equivalence hypothesis. Compared with the reference model, the proposed constitutive model has been demonstrated to be much more effective in describing the stress-strain behaviour of rocks having freeze-thaw damages, particularly when the number of freeze-thaw weathering cycles is significant. For all the experimental cases presented in this work, the coefficients of determination, R 2, based on the proposed model are always greater than 0.93, while those of the reference model never exceed 0.85. In addition to, the model parameters have been shown to have clear physical meanings closely related to the characteristics of the measured stress-strain curve. • A simple method was described in this paper to find the full compaction point that separates the two parts on the stress-strain curve. • The effect of freeze-thaw weathering cycles on the pre-peak and post-peak deformation behaviours of the stress-strain curves of rocks was investigated in detail. • A piecewise constitutive model for rocks subjected to the freeze-thaw weathering process was then proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of health anxiety (HA) in patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) using the 8‐item Whiteley Index (WI‐8) scale.Three hundred and twenty‐nine TMDs patients completed the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), WI‐8, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐8 (JFLS‐8), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) scales. Clinical examinations were conducted following the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs Axis I.The prevalence of HA among TMDs patients was 18.54%. Patients with HA had higher scores of VAS‐current (p = 0.026), VAS‐maximum (p = 0.024), VAS‐average (p = 0.030), JFLS‐8 (p < 0.001), GAD‐7 (p < 0.001) and PHQ‐9 (p < 0.001), lower maximum mouth opening (p = 0.016), lower proportion of structure‐related TMDs (p = 0.028), and higher proportion of pain‐related TMDs (p < 0.001) compared to those without HA. The correlation coefficient was 0.61 (p < 0.001) between WI‐8 and GAD‐7 and 0.64 (p < 0.001) between WI‐8 and PHQ‐9.Approximately one‐fifth of patients with TMDs experienced HA. HA was associated with pain perception, functional limitations, depressive, and anxiety symptoms in individuals with TMDs. HA may contribute to heightened subjective pain experiences rather than structural changes in the TMJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the associations of orofacial two-point discrimination (2-PD) test result with pain symptoms and psychological factors in patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). Methods: 193 patients with TMDs were included in this study. Patients’ demographics, pain intensity, and psychological status were recorded. The 2-PDs in the bilateral temporal, zygomatic, mandibular, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) regions of the patients were measured. Statistical analyses were conducted to observe the associations between variables. Results: For Pain-related TMDs (PT) patients, Monthly Visual Analogue Scale (VAS-M) and Current Analogue Scale (VAS-C) were correlated with TMJ, zygomatic and temporal 2-PDs. Patients with PT tended to have higher TMJ 2-PDs[Right: β = 1.827 mm, 95%CI(0.107, 3.548), P = 0.038], zygomatic 2-PDs[Right: β = 1.696 mm, 95%CI(0.344, 3.048), P = 0.014], temporal 2-PDs[Left: β = 2.138 mm, 95%CI(0.127, 4.149), P = 0.037; Right: β = 1.893 mm, 95%CI(0.011, 3.775), P = 0.049]. Associations were also observed between VAS-C and TMJ 2-PDs[Left: β = 0.780, 95%CI(0.190, 1.370), P = 0.01; Right: β = 0.885, 95%CI(0.406, 1.364), P = 0.001], Zygomatic 2-PDs[Right: β = 0.555, 95%CI(0.172, 0.938), P = 0.005]; VAS-M and TMJ 2-PDs[Left: β = 0.812, 95%CI(0.313, 1.311), P = 0.002; Right: β = 0.567, 95%CI(0.152, 0.983), P = 0.008], zygomatic 2-PDs[Left: β = 0.405, 95%CI(0.075, 0.735), P = 0.016; Right: β = 0.545, 95%CI(0.221, 0.870), P = 0.001], and temporal 2-PDs [Left: β = 0.741, 95%CI(0.258, 1.224), P = 0.003; Right: β = 0.519, 95%CI(0.063, 0.975), P = 0.026]. Conclusion: TMJ, zygomatic, and temporal 2-PDs were significantly associated with PT and pain intensity. Age, gender and psychological factors were not associated with orofacial 2-PDs. PT patients exhibited weaker tactile acuity compared to Non-PT patients. Further discussion on the underlying mechanism is needed. Clinical relevance: Orofacial tactile acuity of TMDs patients was associated with their pain symptoms, which researchers should take account into when performing 2-PD tests for TMDs patients. The 2-PD test can be considered as a potential tool along with the current procedures for the differentiations of PT and Non-PT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of Wheel/Rail Force (WRF) based on acceleration is a cheaper and convenient way to ensure safe operation. For this purpose, this paper describes an approach for the estimation of Vertical Wheel/Rail Force (VWRF) using dynamic signals from a track inspection train (TIT). Based on the vehicle dynamics theory, a VWRF estimation model is established, by which VWRF can be estimated with the measured vehicle acceleration. Rolling angle is a non-constant and hard-measured value which will affect estimation results. By deducing its relation with the difference between left and right track profiles, it can be got through the Vertical Axle Box Acceleration (VABA) and the length of the axle box. VWRF cannot be estimated only by filtering the Axle Box Acceleration (ABA). The mass participating in vibration (PVM) also has a great influence on it. With many tests and calculations, the relationship between the PVM and the wheelset mass is concluded, which made the estimation results much more accurate. The proposed method provides the basis for online high-precision estimate WRF and ensures safe operation. By comparing with a commercial WRF Inspection System, the railway application results identified that the proposed method can produce a satisfactory result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the retraction of a research paper on service design for people with mental disorders, specifically discussing a digital cloud tourism app. Topics include concerns raised by the publisher regarding compromised editorial handling, peer review processes, and inappropriate references, leading to the loss of confidence in the article's results and conclusions.

A novel dual-signal electrochemiluminescence immunosensor with high sensitivity was successfully constructed for the sensitive detection of gastric cancer biomarker CA 72–4. The superior performance of the electrochemiluminescence immunosensor came from the self-calibration function of the dual-signal system "Ru(bpy) 3 2+@3D-foam graphene/TPA" and "SnS 2 dots/K 2 S 2 O 8 ". 3D-foam graphene not only has good electrical conductivity and ideal surface area, but also contains amino groups on its surface, which facilitate electron transfer and can carry a large number of luminous reagents. Furthermore, immobilized Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ·6H 2 O on 3D-foam graphene to construct an ECL immunosensor, which can reduce the distance between the illuminant and the surface of electrode, thus highly increasing the ECL intensity. Additionally, the SnS 2 dot with excellent stability and outstanding biocompatibility is an ideal candidate for efficient cross-linking to the anti-CA 72–4. The dual-signal immunosensor is prepared by linking SnS 2 dots-Ab 2 and CA 72–4 through specific recognition. Generally, the ECL intensity of electrochemiluminescence immunosensor changes linearly with the logarithm of CA 72–4 concentration in the range from 5 × 10−5 to 5 × 102 U mL−1 and the detection limit of 1.48 × 10−5 U mL−1 (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the experiment results show that the constructed CA 72–4 immunosensor has excellent reproducibility and can be used for the sensitive detection of CA 72–4 in human serum. The approach opens up the new way for clinical bioassays. Image 1 • A dual-signal ECL immunosensor based on Ru(bpy) 3 2+@3D-foam graphene and SnS 2 dots for sensitive detection of CA 72-4. • The 3D-foam graphene can provide a large specific surface area for enhancing ECL signal responses. • The proposed ECL immunosensor displays a wide linear range, low detection limit and favorable recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect radar is an important tool for studying the ecological behaviors of insects. Due to the harsh environment, radar is susceptible to interference from ground echoes, which makes it difficult to monitor insects in low altitude. To study the flying insects at low altitude in radar entomology, the research of ultra-wideband (UWB) insect radar based on log-periodic antenna array was proposed. This method uses a conical conformal array to receive signals and an improved multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to process the signals. This array is capable of monitoring insects of different sizes in the ultra-wideband range, adjusting the angle of the cone tip to change the position and polarization information, and obtaining information on various insects flying at low altitude. The problem of two-dimensional angle of arrival estimation of insect cone conformal array was analyzed by computer simulation, which are low-altitude flying targets with different cone apex angles. In addition, a modified multiple signal classification algorithm was implemented to make the radar search and catch multiple targets faster and more accurate. The algorithm greatly reduces computational complexity while maintaining the accuracy of estimation. There is a linear relationship between the time calculation and the accuracy with the modified algorithm, compared with the relationship between exponential growth and the generalized MUSIC algorithm. Finally, the experimental simulation has proved the superiority of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C16H16BrNO4S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.649(4) Å, b = 15.108(4) Å, c = 14.994(5) Å, β = 128.65(2)°, V = 1707.0(11) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0444, wRref(F2) = 0.0999, T = 293(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a metal−organic framework UiO-66-(COOH) 2 has been synthesized and is further functionalized with Tb3+ through coordination interactions. The functionalized MOF, denoted as Tb3+@UiO-66-(COOH) 2 , is fully characterized and further developed as an excellent fluorescent probe to monitor Cu2+ ions in aqueous media by fluorescence quenching effect. Tb3+@UiO-66-(COOH) 2 exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity, broad linear concentration range (0–200 μM), low detection limits (0.23 μM), fast response speed (within 1 min), as well as in situ naked eye observation under UV light for sensing Cu2+ ion. Furthermore, this probe was successfully employed to detect Cu2+ ion in real water with good recovery. Hence, this work developed a very excellent fluorescent sensor with high potential practical applications for detection of Cu2+ ion in environmental water samples. Unlabelled Image • A new Tb3+-functionalized MOF is facilely constructed as a fluorescent probe for specific sensing Cu2+ ion. • The probe has high sensitivity and selectivity, low LOD (0.23 μM), and fast response (< 1 min) for Cu2+ ion. • It is capable of precise monitoring concentration of Cu2+ ion in real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between types of disc displacement (DD) diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the risk (presence or absence) and severity of condylar erosion (CE) graded using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in adult Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. Methods: A total of 353 TMD patients (283 females, 70 males) underwent MRI scans to categorise DD as normal (NA), anterior displacement with reduction (ADDR), or anterior displacement without reduction (ADDNR). CE severity was graded on a scale of 0–3 (absence, mild, moderate or severe) using CBCT. To establish the plausibility and cut‐off points for CE diagnosis, the severity of CE was then further divided into three classifications: Grade 0 versus 1 + 2 + 3; Grades 0 + 1 versus 2 + 3; Grades 0 + 1 + 2 versus 3. Logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, gender and joint correlation. Results: ADDNR significantly increased the risk of CE compared with NA (OR = 10.04, 95% CI: [6.41, 15.73]) and showed a significant increase in CE severity across all classifications (ORs = 10.04–18.95). The effects of ADDNR were significant in both genders (p <.001) and had a greater impact in females. ADDR was predominantly associated with mild CE. Conclusions: ADDNR significantly increased the risk and severity of CE independent of gender when compared to NA, whereas ADDR was mainly associated with mild CE. Slight cortical discontinuity may represent a subclinical diagnosis requiring further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Intelligent prediction model of water-conducting fracture zone height was proposed. • Extreme Gradient Boosting was used to predict the height of WCFZ in coal mine. • The intelligence algorithms were used to optimize the hyperparameters of XGBoost. • The main affecting factors of the height of WCFZ were deeply analyzed. • The optimal XGBoost model can predict the height of WCFZ with high accuracy. The development of water-conducting fracture zones (WCFZ) caused by coal mining is a destructive phenomenon of mining damage. The development height of the WCFZ is an important reference index for the prevention and control of safety hazards such as water infiltration or sand intrusion in mines and for program optimization. In this work, a combinatorial optimization model for height prediction of WCFZ is established by combining the extreme gradient boosting machine and several commonly used intelligent algorithms: genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, jaya algorithm, sparrow search algorithm. Accordingly, 142 sets of WCFZ composed of 4 main parameters were selected as the input independent variables, and the maximum height ( H ) was selected as the output dependent variable. In addition, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed combinatorial optimization models, this study used the following four models (Random Forest, Bagging, XGBoost and AdaBoost) for comparison. Model performance evaluation criteria including the coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute error, and variance accounted for are used to evaluate the model. In this work, 142 sets of cases to the WCFZ analyzed and the method of Shapley Additive Explanations was used to explain the importance and contribution of features to maximum height prediction. The research results show that, compared with other machine learning models, the combinatorial optimization model put forward in this work can improve the predicted accuracy and reliability of height prediction of WCFZ. The research in this work may help researchers use machine learning models to predict and research the height development of WCFZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common comorbidity of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Since the distal esophagus and heart share a common afferent vagal supply, the delivery of radiofrequency in the distal esophagus can stimulate the coronary artery and induce acute myocardial infarction in a patient with CAD. Acute myocardial infarction may occur after esophageal radiofrequency (RF) therapy on patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Coronary artery disease and related risk factors should be reasonably excluded before treating GERD with esophageal RF therapy (Stretta procedure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Podocytes are particularly sensitive to lipid accumulation, which has recently emerged as a crucial pathological process in the progression of proteinuric kidney diseases like diabetic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, podocytes predominantly expressed protein dedicator of cytokinesis 5 (Dock5) is screened to be critically related to podocyte lipid lipotoxicity. Its expression is reduced in both proteinuric kidney disease patients and mouse models. Podocyte‐specific deficiency of Dock5 exacerbated podocyte injury and glomeruli pathology in proteinuric kidney disease, which is mainly through modulating fatty acid uptake by the liver X receptor α (LXRα)/scavenger receptor class B (CD36) signaling pathway. Specifically, Dock5 deficiency enhanced CD36‐mediated fatty acid uptake of podocytes via upregulating LXRα in an m6A‐dependent way. Moreover, the rescue of Dock5 expression ameliorated podocyte injury and proteinuric kidney disease. Thus, the findings suggest that Dock5 deficiency is a critical contributor to podocyte lipotoxicity and may serve as a promising therapeutic target in proteinuric kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a series of musculoskeletal diseases with high prevalence. A few studies have reported the correlation between TMD and suicide ideation (SI). However, the underlying mechanism of the relationship lacks in-depth exploration. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 954 pre-orthodontic patients. TMD assessment was based on the quintessential five TMD symptoms (5Ts) questionnaire. Anxiety, depression and pain catastrophizing was evaluated by Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), respectively. Correlational and moderated mediated analysis was preformed to demonstrate the relationship between TMD and SI. In pre-orthodontic patients, 31.87 % reported having TMD symptoms and 6.50 % declared SI during the past two weeks. The SI prevalence was 10.53 % in participants with TMD and 4.62 % in those without TMD. Intra-articular TMD, rather than pain-related TMD were especially related with SI. Individuals with TMD had higher risk to SI (r s = 0.112, adjusted OR = 2.213, p < 0.001). The effect of TMD on SI was fully mediated through depression (β = 0.445, 95 % CI = [0.326, 0.563]). Anxiety exerted a negative moderating effect on the depression-SI relation (β = −0.033, 95 % CI = [−0.047, −0.019]). This study was a single-centered and cross-sectional survey. The data collection relied on self-reporting methods. A positive link between TMD and SI was disclosed. The effect of TMD on SI was fully mediated through depression with anxiety as a negative moderator. • The SI prevalence was 10.53 % in pre-orthodontic patients with TMD. • SI was differentially associated with TMD subtypes and symptoms. • TMD was positively linked with SI. • Depression exerted a full mediation effect on the TMD-SI relation. • Anxiety exerted a negative moderation effect on the depression-SI relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake ice thickness (LIT) is one of the key climate variables in the lake ice domain, but there are currently large uncertainties in the retrieval of LIT. We present and validate a new LIT retrieval method that utilizes ICESat-2 data to assist CryoSat-2 echo peak selection, aiming to improve the accuracy of LIT retrieval and enable data acquisition without on-site measurements. The method involves screening out similar ICESat-2 and CryoSat-2 tracks based on time and space constraints. It also involves dynamically adjusting the range constraint window of CryoSat-2 waveforms based on the high-precision lake ice surface ellipsoid height obtained from ICESat-2/ATL06 data. Within this range constraint window, the peak selection strategy is used to determine the scattering interfaces between snow-ice and ice-water. By utilizing the distance between the scattering horizons, the thickness of the lake ice can be determined. We performed the ice thickness retrieval experiment for Baker Lake in winter and verified it against the on-site measurement data. The results showed that the accuracy was about 0.143 m. At the same time, we performed the ice thickness retrieval experiment for Great Bear Lake (GBL), which does not have on-site measurement data, and compared it with the climate change trend of GBL. The results showed that the retrieval results were consistent with the climate change trend of GBL, confirming the validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The enrichment of peri-cancerous adipose tissue is a distinctive feature of colorectal cancer (CRC), accelerating disease progression and worsening prognosis. The communication between tumor cells and adjacent adipocytes plays a crucial role in CRC advancement. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the mechanism of migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) downregulation in the remodeling of tumor cell-adipocyte communication and its role in promoting CRC. Results: MIIP expression was found to be decreased in CRC tissues and closely associated with adjacent adipocyte browning. In an in vitro co-culture model, adipocytes treated with MIIP-downregulated tumor supernatant exhibited aggravated browning and lipolysis. This finding was further confirmed in subcutaneously allografted mice co-injected with adipocytes and MIIP-downregulated murine CRC cells. Mechanistically, MIIP interacted with the critical lipid mobilization factor AZGP1 and regulated AZGP1's glycosylation status by interfering with its association with STT3A. MIIP downregulation promoted N-glycosylation and over-secretion of AZGP1 in tumor cells. Subsequently, AZGP1 induced adipocyte browning and lipolysis through the cAMP-PKA pathway, releasing free fatty acids (FFAs) into the microenvironment. These FFAs served as the primary energy source, promoting CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis resistance, accompanied by metabolic reprogramming. In a tumor-bearing mouse model, inhibition of β-adrenergic receptor or FFA uptake, combined with oxaliplatin, significantly improved therapeutic efficacy in CRC with abnormal MIIP expression. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that MIIP plays a regulatory role in the communication between CRC and neighboring adipose tissue by regulating AZGP1 N-glycosylation and secretion. MIIP reduction leads to AZGP1 oversecretion, resulting in adipose browning-induced CRC rapid progression and poor prognosis. Inhibition of β-adrenergic receptor or FFA uptake, combined with oxaliplatin, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC with aberrant MIIP expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The main challenge in personalized treatment of breast cancer (BC) is how to integrate massive amounts of computing resources and data. This study aimed to identify a novel molecular target that might be effective for BC prognosis and for targeted therapy by using network-based multidisciplinary approaches. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first identified based on ESTIMATE analysis. A risk model in the TCGA-BRCA cohort was constructed using the risk score of six DEGs and validated in external and clinical in-house cohorts. Subsequently, independent prognostic factors in the internal and external cohorts were evaluated. Cell viability CCK-8 and wound healing assays were performed after PTGES3 siRNA was transiently transfected into the BC cell lines. Drug prediction and molecular docking between PTGES3 and drugs were further analyzed. Cell viability and PTGES3 expression in two BC cell lines after drug treatment were also investigated. Results: A novel six-gene signature (including APOOL, BNIP3, F2RL2, HINT3, PTGES3 and RTN3) was used to establish a prognostic risk stratification model. The risk score was an independent prognostic factor that was more accurate than clinicopathological risk factors alone in predicting overall survival (OS) in BC patients. A high risk score favored tumor stage/grade but not OS. PTGES3 had the highest hazard ratio among the six genes in the signature, and its mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in BC cell lines. PTGES3 knockdown significantly inhibited BC cell proliferation and migration. Three drugs (gedunin, genistein and diethylstilbestrol) were confirmed to target PTGES3, and genistein and diethylstilbestrol demonstrated stronger binding affinities than did gedunin. Genistein and diethylstilbestrol significantly inhibited BC cell proliferation and reduced the protein and mRNA levels of PTGES3. Conclusions: PTGES3 was found to be a novel drug target in a robust six-gene prognostic signature that may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusions Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are common in young adults, and the link between chronotype profile and TMDs is unclear.This study examined TMD prevalence and chronotype distribution and explored the relationship between chronotype and TMDs in young adults.A total of 663 students from Sichuan University completed questionnaires. Chronotype profiles were assessed using the Morningness‐Eveningness Questionnaire, and TMDs were screened using the Fonseca Memory Index. To validate the findings, 68 TMD patients and 136 controls were enrolled.The prevalence of TMDs was 69.7%, with significant differences among chronotype profiles. The intermediate profile was the most common chronotype. Eveningness profile was associated with higher TMDs prevalence and severity. Muscle pain and side movement difficulty scores were higher in eveningness and intermediate profiles. Female gender (OR 2.345; 95% CI 1.668–3.297) was a TMD risk factor, while morningness profile (OR 0.537; 95% CI 0.297–0.970) was protective. Validation with TMD patients and controls supported these findings, showing higher eveningness profile prevalence in the TMD groups.TMDs have a high prevalence in college students, chronotype profiles shown to be associated with TMDs. Morningness is the protection factor in TMDs and PT, eveningness is a risk factor for IT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: With the increasing attention to bruxism, the research on bruxism is increasing rapidly. However, there is still a lack of systematic bibliometric analysis in the field of bruxism in adults. This study aimed to comprehensively explore and visualize the global trends and research hotspots in the field of bruxism in adults during 1991–2021. Methods: The study searched the literature published during 1991–2021 in the Web of Science Core Collection database without language restrictions. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Microsoft Excel were applied to analyse the authors, institutions, journals, countries, cited references, keywords and other information of the included publications, and construct visualized cooperation networks. Results: A total of 878 articles were finally included. The top two most productive authors in the past 30 years were Lobbezoo F and Manfredini D. ACTA‐Amsterdam, Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Helsinki, Univ Padua, Univ Montreal, et al. were prominent institutions in this field. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation made outstanding contributions in this field. The United States produced the most documents in this field, followed by Brazil. Both countries and authors cooperated closely around the world. The two most cited articles focused on the definition, assessment and classification of bruxism. In recent years, diagnostic criteria and stress have begun to receive a lot of attention. Conclusion: From 1991 to 2021, the attention to bruxism in adults continued to increase. Diagnostic criteria and stress may be potential research hotspots in this field. This study references relevant scholars on development trends and research hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapidly rising wealth and increased urbanization are driving a global urban dietary transition, which is closely related to global climate change and human health. In light of large urban population, preference for fine foods, and serious environmental challenges, such trends are particularly important for China. This study investigated changes in urban diet and related carbon footprint (CF) of Beijing from 1980 to 2017. Meanwhile, the deviation index was devised to examine the interconnection between diet-related CF and nutritional quality, using dietary pattern recommended by Chinese Nutrition Society (CNS) as benchmark. Results showed that urban Beijing has experienced substantial dietary transition, shifting from traditional grain-based diet to the one higher in non-staple and animal-sourced foods. Correspondingly, the diet-related CF has increased by 41%, from 2.15 in 1980 to 3.04 kg CO 2 -eq in 2017 per capita per day, mainly due to the rising consumption of animal products. In regard to recommended intake level, the unnecessary CF due to over-consumption of food, accounted for about 15–30% of the total diet-related CF during the concerned period. The trade-off and synergy trends can be identified by phase when examining the interconnection between dietary CF and nutritional quality. The synergy trend offers the opportunity of synchronously alleviating the adverse impacts of urban diet on the environment and human health, by adopting responsible and sustainable dietary pattern. It calls for the joint efforts from both the government and urban consumers. Image 1 • Urban dietary changes and related carbon footprint were analyzed for Beijing. • Grain-based urban diet has been reshaped by non-staple and animal-sourced foods. • There is 41% increase of carbon footprint derived from urban dietary transition. • Both trade-off and synergy exist between environmental impact and dietary quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochemical, chemical and textural changes in postmortem Stichopus japonicus body wall (SJBW) were evaluated during iced storage for 8 days. Triphosphate (ATP) and its breakdown products, K-value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), microbiological,pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), texture, protein degradation and cathepsin activities were monitored. K-value increased linearly from 4.83 ± 0.57% at day 0–18.85 ± 2.09% at day 2, 28.15 ± 2.05% at day 4, and 48.16 ± 1.91% at day 8. Spoilage indicator TVB-N (mg/100 g) increased from 4.03 ± 0.28 to 12.68 ± 0.56 during the same time span. Textural parameters (e.g., hardness, chewiness, springiness and adhesiveness) all followed a declining trend over the storage duration. The WHC decreased from 67.71 ± 4.03% at day 0–54.60 ± 6.14% at day 2 and 48.57 ± 12.68% at day 8. SDS-PAGE results indicated that actin was degraded at day 6. Both cathepsin B and L increased throughout the iced storage, suggesting that cathepsin B and L played important roles in the deterioration of SJBW quality. The overall results indicated that SJBW was suitable to be consumed raw within the first 2 days, and to be processed in no more than 4 days. • ATP and its breakdown products changes in postmortem SJBW during iced storage. • Biochemical and textural changes in postmortem SJBW during iced storage for 8 days. • Cathepsin B and L played important roles in the deterioration of SJBW quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a coupled thermomechanical (TM) bond-associated non-ordinary state-based peridynamic (BA-NOSB PD) (correspondence) model for simulating the thermal behavior and crack propagation in a saturated rock due to freeze. Considering the change in thermal property and the latent water–ice phase transition at low-temperature conditions, the PD form of the nonlinear thermal conduction equation is derived by using the PD differential operator (PDDO). The deformation response is obtained in the framework of BA-NOSB PD model considering the pore ice pressure and thermal expansion. The accuracy of the TM BA-NOSB PD model is verified by simulating the thermal behavior of tuff and sandstone and crack propagation in specimens with pre-existing cracks at low-temperature conditions. The PD predictions of temperature and frost heaving strain are in close agreement with the experimental and previous numerical results. The present model also accurately predicts crack propagation and coalescence in saturated rocks due to the freezing frost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A monetite (CaHPO 4) coating prepared by hydrothermal electro-deposition technology (HET) owned a well adhesive strength on Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites, showing a promising prospect in orthopedic and teeth implants. However, hydrophobic C/C surface had to be pre-treated by solutions containing oxidants, such as H 2 O 2 , (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 , to form chemical bonding with the calcium phosphate coating before the deposition, which is a time-consuming and tedious procedure. To simplify the CaHPO 4 preparation, H 2 O 2 was directly added into an electrolyte for depositing a well-bonded CaHPO 4 coating by HET, denoted as H-CaHPO 4 , on naked C/C composites. For comparison, another CaHPO 4 coating was prepared on H 2 O 2 pre-treated C/C by HET under the same conditions, designated by N-CaHPO 4. Both the CaHPO 4 coatings were converted to HA coatings via a post-hydrothermal treatment in an ammonia solution, correspondingly defined as H-HA and N-HA. Interestingly, scratch tests showed H-HA coating on C/C through the simplified HET method had a critical load of 29 N, nearly twice as high as N-HA coating. And H-HA coating on naked C/C showed a more compact microstructure and a lower Ca/P atomic ratio in comparison with N-HA coating on H 2 O 2 pre-treated C/C. The reasons for the change in the microstructure and the improvement in the adhesion of the coatings on C/C were discussed. Besides, in-vitro SBF tests and cell experiments indicated that H-HA coating had a better bioactivity and cell biocompatibility than N-HA coating. • A simplified electrochemical deposition was used for get adhesive HA coating on C/C composite. • H 2 O 2 addition into the electrolyte could improve the adhesive strength of HA coating. • As-prepared HA coating by simplified procedures can reach to a critical load of 29.01 N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cigar soliton is called Euclidean-Witten black hole under first-order Ricci flow of the world-sheet sigma model in physics. Thus, cigar soliton is of great significance in both geometry and physics. In addition, in order to describe vibrations of a clamped plate in elastic mechanics, one must consider an eigenvalue problem with fixed boundary condition for bi-harmonic operator, called a clamped plate problem. As a generalization, we consider the eigenvalue problem with Dirichlet boundary condition for the bi-drifting Laplacian and obtain two eigenvalue inequalities of the bi-drifting Laplacian on the bounded domains of cigar soliton in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An ECL immunosensor based on UiO-66-NH 2 for sensitive detection of CA 15-3 has been constructed. • The UiO-66-NH 2 can provide a large specific surface area for enhancing ECL signal responses. • The proposed ECL immunosensor displays a wide linear range, low detection limit and favorable recovery. By virtue of the metal organic framework UiO-66-NH 2, an ingenious electrochemiluminescence immunosensor was successfully constructed for subtle exploration of the breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3. In this protocol, Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ·6H 2 O (Ru(bpy) 3 2+), as a conventional luminescent reagent, provides a stable and strong luminescent signal. The UiO-66-NH 2 serves as a carrier to provide a large specific surface area for enhancing the electrochemical luminescence signal response of Ru(bpy) 3 2+. UiO-66-NH 2 , Ru(bpy) 3 2+ are fixed together with Nafion membrane, and CA 15-3 antibody is covalently conjugated onto the membrane through the amide reaction. Ru(bpy) 3 2+@UiO-66-NH 2 is used as the detection system. The experimental results reveal that the ECL signal decreased obviously after the CA 15-3 antigen molecule is captured on the immunosensor, with the capture of manifesting the principle of electrochemical luminescence quenching detection. Under optimal conditions, the sensor is sensitive and selective for detecting CA 15-3 with the detection range from 5 × 10−4 to 5 × 102 U mL-1 and the low LOD (1.7705 × 10-5 U mL-1). Furthermore, multiple experiments elucidate that the as-prepared sensor could be used for susceptibly detect CA 15-3 in actual samples, which has underlying application prospects in biological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understandings of motional regular and dynamic information during the mandibular motions are essential to investigate the dysfunctions of temporomandibular joints (TMJ). This study aims to develop a method to record the mandibular movements and analyze the condylar trajectory, velocity, and acceleration in asymptomatic individuals during mandibular motions. Thirteen asymptomatic subjects were strictly selected without symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). An optical tracking system was chosen for recording mandibular motions. Curve fitting was used for fitting the trajectories of condyles, notches and lower incisor, and the articular eminence outlines. The sagittal plane (YoZ) provided a better view for condylar trajectories during mouth opening and mandibular protrusion, whereas the coronal plane (XoZ) offered a superior view during lateral protrusions. A parabola had good performance in fitting the trajectories of the condyle, incisor, and outlines with a superior goodness of fit (r2) during mouth opening and mandibular protrusion; linear functions were suitable for fitting the trajectories of the contralateral condyle during lateral protrusions. The velocity during the opening process was lower than that during the closing process, and so were the accelerations. The sagittal space between the articular eminences and condyles during mouth opening and mandibular protrusion were close, 2.8 and 2.7 mm, respectively. The sagittal space, velocity, and acceleration can provide dynamic information of TMJs. Three-dimensional motion analyses of temporomandibular joints during the mandibular motions were conducted to exact the mathematic information of temporomandibular joints. From curve fitting process, the fluctuation can be eliminated and the dynamic information can be obtained. And the parabola was better for the condylar trajectories in the sagittal plane of opening and mandibular protrusion. As to the lateral protrusions, the linear function is suitable for the condylar trajectories in coronal plane. The condylar curve of asymptomatic subjects can set as a reference to diagnose and treat for the patients with associated dysfunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring plant nitrogen (N) in a timely way and accurately is critical for precision fertilization. The imaging technology based on visible light is relatively inexpensive and ubiquitous, and open-source analysis tools have proliferated. In this study, texture- and geometry-related phenotyping combined with color properties were investigated for their potential use in evaluating N in pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L.). Potted pakchoi treated with four levels of N were cultivated in a greenhouse. Their top-view images were acquired using a camera at six growth stages. The corresponding plant N concentration was determined destructively. The quantitative relationships between the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) and the image-based phenotyping features were established using the following algorithms: random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and neural network (NN). The results showed the full model based on the color, texture, and geometry-related features outperforms the model based on only the color-related feature in predicting the NNI. The RF full model exhibited the most robust performance in both the seedling and harvest stages, reaching prediction accuracies of 0.823 and 0.943, respectively. The high prediction accuracy of the model allows for a low-cost, non-destructive monitoring of N in the field of precision crop management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition and properties of ore-forming fluids are key to understanding the mechanisms of mineralization in ore deposits. These characteristics can be understood by studying fluid inclusions. Hydrates in fluid inclusions containing NaCl–H2O and MgCl2–H2O were studied using cryogenic Raman spectroscopy. The intensity ratio of peaks at 3401, 3464, 3514, and 3090 cm−1 shows a positive correlation with the concentration of hydrates in the inclusions, as does the ratio of the total integrated area of the MgCl2 hydrate peak (3514 cm−1) to the 3090 cm−1 peak with the concentration of MgCl2 (correlation coefficient >0.90). These correlations are important in the quantitative analysis of MgCl2 in synthetic and natural NaCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O-bearing fluid inclusions. Semi-quantitative analysis of NaCl–MgCl2–H2O solutions indicates that peaks at 3437 and 3537 cm−1 reflect the presence of NaCl in the solution. Further, a peak at 3514 cm−1 is indicative of the presence of MgCl2. The relative intensities of these peaks may be related to the relative abundances of NaCl and MgCl2. A quantitative attempt was made on NaCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O system, but it was found that quantifying NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 separately in NaCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O system by the secondary freezing method is difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterostructured photocatalysis is a significant issue owing to the unique band alignment, improved spectrum absorption, and enhanced photocatalytic activity. However, the construction of uniform, controllable, and effective heterojunctions is still a huge challenge. Herein, NaNbO3/Nb3O7F heterojunctions are fabricated through an in situ corrosion technique for the first time. The influence of phase transformation on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is investigated systematically in terms of photocatalytic water splitting for H2 production. Interestingly, the band realignment and good interfacial contact endow the NaNbO3/Nb3O7F heterojunctions with a high HER activity (43.3 mmol g−1 h−1), which is about 2.4 times that of pure Nb3O7F and 1.36 times that of pure NaNbO3. The results may provide some new insights into the corrosion technique and HER activity of novel heterostructured catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for measurement of the pitch deviation of a scale grating by an optical angle sensor based on the laser autocollimation is proposed. In the proposed method, the scale pitch deviation is evaluated through detecting the change in the angles of diffraction of the first-order diffracted beams, which is associated with the change in the scale pitch deviation. The optical angle sensor unit is designed to measure the angles of diffraction of both the positive and negative first-order diffracted beams simultaneously so that the influences of the scale form error and the roll error motion of the linear slide for the scanning of a linear scale can be canceled through the differential operation. The optical angle sensor unit based on the laser autocollimation is newly designed and developed, and the pitch deviation of a linear scale from a commercial interferential scanning-type linear encoder is evaluated by the developed setup to verify the feasibility of the proposed method in experiments. The scale form error obtained through the differential operation is also compared with the one evaluated by a commercial Fizeau interferometer. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis on the proposed pitch deviation measurement is carried out based on GUM to theoretically verify the feasibility of the proposed method. • A new method for measurement of grating pitch deviation is proposed. • The method uses optical angle sensors based on the laser autocollimation. • Both the positive- and negative diffracted beams are employed. • Scale angular error motions does not affect measurement. • Feasibility of the proposed method has been verified in experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The association between jaw function and income in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore this association and its relationship with anxiety and depression. Subjects and Methods: A total of 451 TMD patients, including 361 males and 90 females, participated in this study. The sociodemographic information of patients and their questionnaires including the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7), Patient Health Questionnaire 9‐item (PHQ‐9), and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐8 (JFLS‐8) were collected. Patients were divided into the high‐income and low‐income groups based on a household per capita income of 6000 RMB per month. Multiple regression and mediation analysis were used to explore the association between variables. The bootstrap method was applied to estimate confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Higher JFLS‐8 scores were significantly correlated with higher GAD‐7 scores (r = 0.361, p <.001), PHQ‐9 scores (r = 0.339, p <.001). Females and patients with low income had statistically higher JFLS‐8 scores (p <.01, p <.001). Mediation analysis with 10 000 bootstrap simulations revealed a significant direct association between JFLS‐8 scores and income (−2.920, 95% CI [−4.757, −1.044], p =.002). A significant indirect association of JFLS‐8 scores with income via GAD‐7 scores and PHQ‐9 scores was also observed (−0.889, 95% CI [−1.728, −0.164], p =.025), accounting for 23.3% of the total association. Conclusions: Low income is associated with impaired jaw function via anxiety and depression in patients with TMD. Clinicians may need to pay more attention to the psychological status of low‐income TMD patients in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recurrence rate for severe intrauterine adhesions is as high as 60%, and there is still lack of effective prevention and treatment. Inspired by the nature of uterus, we have developed a bilayer scaffold (ECM-SPS) with biomimetic heterogeneous features and extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment of the uterus. As proved by subtotal uterine reconstruction experiments, the mechanical and antiadhesion properties of the bilayer scaffold could meet the requirement for uterine repair. With the modification with tissue-specific cell-derived ECM, the ECM-SPS had the ECM microenvironment signatures of both the endometrium and myometrium and exhibited the property of inducing stem cell-directed differentiation. Furthermore, the ECM-SPS has recruited more endogenous stem cells to promote endometrial regeneration at the initial stage of repair, which was accompanied by more smooth muscle regeneration and a higher pregnancy rate. The reconstructed uterus could also sustain normal pregnancy and live birth. The ECM-SPS may thereby provide a potential treatment for women with severe intrauterine adhesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple resonance (MR)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have promising prospects for high‐color‐purity organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but they are seldom attempted in the fabrication of solution‐processed devices. In addition, another issue with MR‐TADF emitters is that their heteroatom patterns are very limited, hampering their diversity. Herein, a novel double boron (B)‐containing MR‐TADF paradigm that merges an unembedded organoboron unit and a B‐embedded π‐fused MR framework into one system, furnishing a unique para‐B‐π‐B′/meta‐N (nitrogen)‐π‐N molecular pattern is proposed. Based on this, a proof‐of‐concept molecule, BNB′‐1, is developed, simultaneously achieving a bright sharp emission peaking at 540 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 24.5 nm/98 meV, a nearly unity photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent organic solubility. A solution‐processed OLED using BNB′‐1 emitter delivers an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 36.2% with an emissive FWHM of only 30.0 nm/0.13 eV at ≈540 nm; both parameters set new records among the ever‐reported solution‐processed MR‐OLEDs. Moreover, BNB′‐1 also obtains a superhigh EQE of 40.3% in vacuum‐processed OLEDs, surpassing all MR‐OLEDs in the similar emission region. This work provides an interesting solution to develop high‐performance solution‐processable MR‐TADF emitters with diverse heteroatom patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the relationship between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and emotional distress (ED), including anxiety and depression, in orthodontic patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 603 orthodontic patients, consisting of 401 females (66.5%) with a mean age of 24.15 ± 7.72 and 202 males (33.5%) with a mean age of 24.16 ± 7.72. A questionnaire containing questions of demographic information, the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the Huaxi emotional-distress index (HEI) was employed to assess OHRQoL and ED. According to the HEI score, the respondents were divided into ED group (HEI > 8) and non-ED group (HEI ≤ 8). Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Mann–Whitney test and logistic regression analysis with the significance level set at p < 0.05.Results: The prevalence of poor OHRQoL and ED of the study sample was 28.4% and 19.57%, respectively. There was a significantly higher prevalence of ED among poor OHRQoL patients (35.67%) compared to those with good OHRQoL (13.19%) (p < 0.001). Poor OHRQoL and risky drinking behavior addressed higher significant correlation with ED patients than non-ED patients (p < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in other factors such as gender, age, and appliance type (p > 0.05). Poor OHRQoL orthodontic patients were at a higher risk of suffering from anxiety and depression compared to those with good OHRQoL (age-risky drinking behavior-sex-adjusted: OR = 4.00; all p < 0.001).Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is related to emotional stress. Namely, patients with poor OHRQoL are more likely to experience anxiety and depression. As a result, orthodontists should consistently assess the emotional well-being and OHROoL of patients over the treatment course for better treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: As the increasing number of pet canines, the identification of canine has attracted much attentions in the forensic field, however, the genetic diversities of pet canines still remained unknown. Aims: To explore genetic polymorphisms of 19 short tandem repeat (STR) loci and genetic relationships between the two studied canine groups and reference group. Subjects and Methods: In the present study, genetic polymorphisms of 19 STR loci and a sex-linked zinc finger locus were analyzed in a total of 594 canines in Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups from China. Results: A total of 166, 159 alleles were observed in the Standard Poodle, Bichon Frise groups with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0030–0.6108 to 0.0012–0.6148, respectively. The combined discrimination power and probability of exclusion of 19 STR loci in Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups were 0.9999999999999497, 0.999962884; and 0.99999999999999995, 0.999965955, respectively. Furthermore, the genetic distances between the two canine groups and Labrador retriever group were calculated, and the results indicated that Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups showed a closer genetic relationship, while the two canine groups had distant genetic relationships with Labrador retriever group. The result of population genetic structure revealed that genetic component distributions in the three canine groups were different. The predicted accuracies of the constructed random forest prediction model for three validation sets (25% individuals randomly selected from three populations with 808 individuals) were higher than 0.9, especially for the individuals in validation set from the Bichon Frise group is 1. Conclusions: The 19 STR loci could be used for individual identification, canine breed identification and paternity testing in the two canine groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface treatment waste (HW17) contains a large amount of toxic and corrosive components, which may be harmful to the public health if improper disposal. To understand its metabolism is a prerequisite for the management optimization. In this study, the metabolic network for HW17 in Chengdu city (Sichuan Province, Southwestern China) is constructed by fusion of administrative data and web textual data to identify the associated issues through an investigation of the waste flow and direction. On such basis, a dual-objective mixed-integer linear programming model, with three scenarios (cost minimization, risk minimization, both the cost and risk minimization), is established to optimize the metabolic network for enhancing the management efficiency. The results show that the total HW17 in 2019 is 32,846.14 tons in Chengdu city. Of this, 0.4% of HW17 does not have downstream metabolic paths, and only 23.51% of it is completely disposed. About 78.08% of the generated HW17 is transported outside the metropolitan area of Chengdu city for disposal, highlighted by an open-loop feature. After optimization, the network cost reduces by 3.91% among the three scenarios, and risk decreases by 87.85%. In view of these results, this study further discusses the capacities of the recycling centers and disposal centers, as well as the limitations and uncertainty. Managerial implications are proposed, to lay a foundation for the improvement of waste management sustainability. [Display omitted] • Surface treatment waste is an environmental hazard with expensive recycling. • A metabolic network was constructed for surface treatment waste flow in Chengdu. • Dual-objective mixed-integer linear programming model for cost/risk minimization. • Delicate balance among cost/risk, spatial agglomeration & infrastructure capacity. • Potential to improve efficiency and sustainability of waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The influence mechanism of the ratio of waste rock and tailings and curing temperature on the UCS of waste rock-tailings backfill were investigated. • Mechanism of the effect of ratio of waste rock and tailings and curing temperature on the porosity of waste rock-tailings backfill were investigated. • The extent to which different types of pores affect the strength of the backfill was investigated by a regression analysis study. • For the Gaofeng Mine, optimal ratios of waste rock and tailings were given in different high temperature environments in deep mine. In order to reduce the cost of deep mining in Guangxi Gaofeng Mine, the feasibility of underground waste rock used for backfill and was analyzed. The tailings and waste rock taken from Gaofeng Mining Industry had been selected for comparative tests, different ratio of waste rock and tailings and curing temperatures were set, the effect of different conditions on the porosity and strength of waste rock and tailings cemented backfill was investigated. Study indicates that the macroscopic mechanical properties of the backfill are the external response of its microstructure, and the change of the microstructure of the backfill is the essential reason for the change of its mechanical properties. when the waste rock-tailings ratio is 6:4 or 7:3, the USC increases with the increase of the curing temperature; while the waste rock-tailings ratio is 8:2 or 9:1, the USC tends to increase and then decrease with the increase of the curing temperature, where 40℃ is the turning point. In deep mines of Gaofeng Mine, ratio of waste rock and tailings of 9:1 is preferred when the temperature is around 40 °C, while ratio of waste rock and tailings of 6:4 is more effective at deeper depths around 50 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile impregnation combined with photo-deposition approach was adopted to deposit CdS nanoparticles on covalent-organic framework (CTF-1), which not only acted as supporter but also served as photocatalyst and electron-donor. The fast electron transfer rate and injection efficiency enabled the as-formed CdS-CTF-1 to show higher photocatalytic performance than CdS/CTF-1 prepared via solvothermal method. A facile and effective impregnation combined with photo-deposition approach was adopted to deposit cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles on CTF-1, a covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs). In this system, CTF-1 not only acted as supporter but also served as photocatalyst and electron donor. The performance of the obtained CdS deposited CTF-1 (CdS-CTF-1) nanocomposite was evaluated by H 2 evolution reaction under visible light irradiation. As a result, CdS-CTF-1 exhibited high H 2 production from water, far surpassing the CdS/CTF-1 nanocomposite, in which CdS was deposited via solvothermal method. The high activity of CdS-CTF-1 was attributed to the confined CdS nanoparticles with small size, leading to expose more active sites. In addition, time-resolved spectroscopy indicated that the superior performance of CdS-CTF-1 also can be ascribed to the fast electron transfer rate and injection efficiency (K ET = 0.18 × 109 s−1, η inj = 39.38%) between CdS and CTF-1 layers, which are 3.83 times faster and 4.84 times higher than that of CdS/CTF-1 nanocomposite. This work represents the first example on using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a support and electron-donor for fabricating novel CdS-COF nanocomposite system and its potential application in solar energy transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the SinoProbe, a deep exploration and multidisciplinary earth science research program in China, which was successfully conducted scientific deep drilling, named ZK01 in the Zhuanqiao district of the Luzong Basin. It mentions that three types of fluid inclusions including liquid-rich, gas-rich and daughter mineral-bearing fluid inclusions was observed. It also mentions that boiling are occurred in fluid evolution changing physical and chemical state.

Breast cancer (BC) is the malignancy with the highest mortality rate among women, identification of immune-related biomarkers facilitates precise diagnosis and improvement of the survival rate in early-stage BC patients. 38 hub genes significantly positively correlated with tumor grade were identified based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) by integrating the clinical traits and transcriptome analysis. Six candidate genes were screened from 38 hub genes basing on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox and random forest. Four upregulated genes (CDC20, CDCA5, TTK and UBE2C) were identified as biomarkers with the log-rank p < 0.05, in which high expression levels of them showed a poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). A risk model was finally constructed using LASSO-Cox regression coefficients and it possessed superior capability to identify high risk patients and predict OS (p < 0.0001, AUC at 1-, 3- and 5-years are 0.81, 0.73 and 0.79, respectively). Decision curve analysis demonstrated risk score was the best prognostic predictor, and low risk represented a longer survival time and lower tumor grade. Importantly, multiple immune cell types and immunotherapy targets were observed increase in expression levels in high-risk group, most of which were significantly correlated with four genes. In summary, the immune-related biomarkers could accurately predict the prognosis and character the immune responses in BC patients. In addition, the risk model is conducive to the tiered diagnosis and treatment of BC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building blocks and heteroatom alignments are two determining factors in designing multiple resonance (MR)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Carbazole‐fused MR emitters, represented by CzBN derivatives, and the heteroatom alignments of ν‐DABNA are two star series of MR‐TADF emitters that show impressive performances from the aspects of building blocks and heteroatom alignments, respectively. Herein, a novel CzBN analog, Π‐CzBN, featuring ν‐DABNA heteroatom alignment is developed via facile one‐shot lithium‐free borylation. Π‐CzBN exhibits superior photophysical properties with a photoluminescence quantum yield close to 100 % and narrowband sky blue emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm/85 meV. It also gives efficient TADF properties with a small singlet‐triplet energy offset of 40 meV and a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate of 2.9×105 s−1. The optimized OLED using Π‐CzBN as the emitter achieves an exceptional external quantum efficiency of 39.3 % with a low efficiency roll‐off of 20 % at 1000 cd m−2 and a narrowband emission at 495 nm with FWHM of 21 nm/106 meV, making it one of the best reported devices based on MR emitters with comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building blocks and heteroatom alignments are two determining factors in designing multiple resonance (MR)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Carbazole‐fused MR emitters, represented by CzBN derivatives, and the heteroatom alignments of ν‐DABNA are two star series of MR‐TADF emitters that show impressive performances from the aspects of building blocks and heteroatom alignments, respectively. Herein, a novel CzBN analog, Π‐CzBN, featuring ν‐DABNA heteroatom alignment is developed via facile one‐shot lithium‐free borylation. Π‐CzBN exhibits superior photophysical properties with a photoluminescence quantum yield close to 100 % and narrowband sky blue emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm/85 meV. It also gives efficient TADF properties with a small singlet‐triplet energy offset of 40 meV and a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate of 2.9×105 s−1. The optimized OLED using Π‐CzBN as the emitter achieves an exceptional external quantum efficiency of 39.3 % with a low efficiency roll‐off of 20 % at 1000 cd m−2 and a narrowband emission at 495 nm with FWHM of 21 nm/106 meV, making it one of the best reported devices based on MR emitters with comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some orthodontic patients are associated with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), and the differences between jaw function and psychological states in orthodontic patients with different types of TMDs remain unknown. Objective: This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different types of TMDs in orthodontic patients and to evaluate the relationship between different types of TMDs and jaw functional limitation and psychological distress in orthodontic patients. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to patients willing to participate in this survey, which included questions about the demographic characteristics of the participants, the five TMD symptoms (5Ts) of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs, the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐8 (JFLS‐8) and the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ‐4). The subjects were divided into three groups: painful TMDs (PT), non‐painful TMDs (NPT), and TMD‐free according to whether they had TMDs and its subtypes. Results: A total of 670 valid questionnaires were collected from 182 males and 488 females. The prevalence of TMDs was 35.4%, of which the prevalence of PT was 11.8% and the prevalence of NPT was 23.6%. The median JLFS‐8 score of TMD patients was significantly higher than TMD‐free, and PT patients were significantly higher than NPT (p =.026). After adjusting for confounding factors, the jaw function and psychological states of PT patients and NPT patients were worse than those of the TMD‐free group. Conclusions: Among the orthodontic patients surveyed, more than one‐third had TMDs and the prevalence of PT was lower than NPT. Having TMDs is associated with more severe jaw functional limitation, and PT patients were more serious than NPT patients. At the same time, the psychological states of TMDs patients were also worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the past decades, weak adhesive strength and thin thickness are headaches existed between carbon/carbon (C/C) composite and hydroxyapatite (HA) coating by one-step electrochemical deposition. To solve this problem, a monetite precursor coating was first synthesized on (NH4) 2 S 2 O 8 treated C/C (N-C/C) by hydrothermal electrochemical deposition, and then hydrothermally treated in a sodium silicate solution to transform into a SiO 2 /HA composite coating. The morphology, microstructure, in-vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility of the SiO 2 /HA coating were investigated. The distribution of spherical nano SiO 2 in the HA coating was homogeneous with uniform grain size of about 100 nm. The composite coating had a rod shaped morphology and a compact microstructure. For comparison, another HA coating was prepared on N-C/C under the same processing conditions except for sodium silicate addition in the hydrothermal system. Scratch and nano-indentation tests showed that this SiO 2 /HA composite coating presented an adhesive strength of a critical load of 31.63 N, was nearly 1.5 times as high as one of the HA coating on N-C/C, and its modulus and hardness were 58.3 Gpa and 2.93 Gpa, far higher than those of the HA coating. In-vitro bioactivity and cell biocompatibility tests showed that the SiO 2 /HA coating could induce apatite growth and had superior abilities of cell attachment and cell proliferation to naked C/C and the HA coating. Graphical abstract A procedure to prepare SiO 2 reinforced hydroxyapatite coating in this article is described as following. Image 1 Highlights • A SiO 2 /HA coating was successfully synthesized through a low temperature process. • The adhesive strength of the SiO 2 /HA coating can reach a critical load of 31.63 N. • The SiO 2 /HA coating owned higher hardness and elastic modulus than HA coating without SiO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]