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Aiming at the problems of data leakage of perceptual image and computational inefficiency of privacy-preserving classification framework in edge-side computing environment, a lightweight and privacy-preserving classification framework (PPCF) was proposed to supports encryption feature extraction and classification, and achieve the goal of data transmission and computing security under the collaborative classification process of edge nodes. Firstly, a series of secure computing protocols were designed based on additive secret sharing. Furthermore, two non-collusive edge servers were used to perform secure convolution, secure batch normalization, secure activation, secure pooling and other deep neural network computing layers to realize PPCF. Theoretical and security analysis indicate that PPCF has excellent accuracy and proved to be security. Actual performance evaluation show that PPCF can achieve the same classification accuracy as plaintext environment. At the same time, compared with homomorphic encryption and multi-round iterative calculation schemes, PPCF has obvious advantages in terms of computational cost and communication overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the security implementation cost of the outsourcing data audit mechanism for the regenerating- coding-based distributed storage systems, an orthogonal algebraic coding method was put forward to construct a lightweight privacy-preserving audit scheme based on linear homomorphic authentication. The homomorphic authentication tags were generated with the orthogonalization between the file encoded data and the private secret key vector, and the privacy protection of the auditing response message was achieved by using the random masking that was constructed by randomizing the orthogonal basis vectors of the specific sub-vector of the user's secret key. The work realized the effective integration of algebraic coding, privacy protection, and security auditing. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed scheme can realize the information- theoretic security in the regenerating-coding-based storage applications. Compared with the existing works, the proposed scheme is of low computational complexity and communication overhead, and better performance advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the balance between user personalized privacy protection and task data practicability in mobile crowdsensing, this article proposes a lightweight privacy protection (LightPrivacy) scheme based on the matching of attribute preferences between users and tasks with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), bloom filter, binary confusion vector inner product protocol, and differential privacy. First, the fog nodes are introduced to divide the subtasks of sensing tasks, and the optimal subtask set is selected and published through AHP. The fog nodes construct task bloom filter according to task attribute requirement preference. The sensing users construct user bloom filter based on intention attribute preference, and filter target users by calculating the binary confusion vector inner product of two bloom filters. Furthermore, the LightPrivacy scheme perceives sensing users to localize sensitive data that needs to be disturbed according to privacy budget distributed equally by fog nodes. Finally, the fog node evaluates the quality of sensing data and defines task contribution of sensing users in combination with the binary confusion vector inner product, so as to effectively prevent malicious users from submitting false data or adding large data perturbations. Security analysis indicates that the LightPrivacy scheme is still security under the condition that fog nodes are semi‐trusted. Experimental results show that the LightPrivacy scheme is practical and the computational efficiency is significantly improved compared with the related representative schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aquatic animals encounter suites of novel planktonic microbes during their development. Although hosts have been shown to exert strong selection on their gut microbiota from surrounding environment, to what extent and the generality that the gut microbiota and the underlying ecological processes are affected by biotic and abiotic variations are largely unclear. Here, these concerns were explored by coupling spatiotemporal data on gut and rearing water bacterial communities with environmental variables over shrimp life stages at spatially distant locations. Shrimp gut microbiotas significantly changed mirroring their development, as evidenced by gut bacterial signatures of shrimp life stage contributing 95.5% stratification accuracy. Shrimp sourced little (2.6%–15.8%) of their gut microbiota from their rearing water. This microbial resistance was reflected by weak compositional differences between shrimp farming spatially distinct locations where species pools were distinct. Consistently, the assembly of shrimp gut microbiota was not adequately explained by the rearing water variables and bacterial community, but rather by host‐age‐associated biotic features. The successions of shrimp gut microbiota were droved by replacement (βsim), rather than by nestedness (βnes), while those of bacterioplankton communities were equally governed by replacement and nestedness. Our study highlights how shrimp gut bacterial community assembly is coupled to their development, rearing species pool, and that the successional pattern of host‐associated communities is differed from that of free‐living bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms contribute diverse and fundamental roles in biogeochemical processes. In a given microbial community, individuals interact with one another to form complex regulatory networks in which gatekeepers contribute disproportional roles in sustaining stability, dynamics, and function. Owing to the ecological and functional importance of microbial gatekeeper, this review provides an overview on its history, identification, roles, application in biological sciences, and clinical diagnostics. The roles of microbial gatekeepers can be beneficial or detrimental, which depends on our purpose. As the field is rather new, some limitations are raised, and further efforts devoted to solving these concerns are proposed. Collectively, gatekeepers provide promising targets for sustaining and re-establishing a desired microbial community. However, substantial obstacles, such as factors governing gatekeepers, must be overcome to manipulate gatekeepers as positive guys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]