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152. Impacts of additional HONO sources on O3 and PM2.5 chemical coupling and control strategies in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China

Author

Li, Ying, An, Junling, Kajino, Mizuo, Gultepe, Ismail, Chen, Yong, Song, Tao, Xin, Jinyuan, Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Subjects
WRF-Chem model, control strategy, HONO sources, atmospheric chemistry, aerosol science, O3 and PM2.5 chemical coupling, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, lcsh:QC851-999
Abstract

The objective of this work is to examine the impacts of additional HONO sources on the chemical interaction between ozone (O3) and particulate matter with a diameter≤2.5 µm (PM2.5). Three additional HONO sources, i.e. HONO emissions, the reaction of photo-excited nitrogen dioxide (NO2*) with water vapour (H2O), and NO2 heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces, were inserted into the fully coupled Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry model to evaluate O3 and PM2.5 concentration enhancements in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region during August 2007. Results show that the additional HONO sources significantly increase O3 and PM2.5 concentrations during daytime. Up to 9 ppb enhancements of O3 and 32 µg m−3 increases in PM2.5 are found at seven urban sites over the BTH region. O3 increases are closely connected to PM2.5 increases over urban areas during daytime when the additional HONO sources are taken into account. PM2.5 inorganic components of , and are increased by 5–18, 10–58 and 10–40%, respectively, over urban areas during daytime. The simultaneous increment of O3 and PM2.5 during daytime due to the additional HONO sources is related to the increasing oxidants (OH, H2O2 and O3) that enhance the atmospheric oxidising capacity. The concentration variations of O3 and PM2.5 under a variety of NOx, volatile organic compound and ammonia (NH3) emission control scenarios show that the additional HONO sources increase the sensitivity of O3 and PM2.5 concentrations to the changes of NOx emissions. An increase of the PM2.5 sensitivity to changes in NH3 emissions is also found. This indicates that without considering the additional HONO sources, the effectiveness of emission control strategies in reducing O3 and PM2.5 concentrations would be significantly underestimated.Keywords: HONO sources, O3 and PM2.5 chemical coupling, control strategy, WRF-Chem model(Published: 4 March 2015)To access the supplementary material to this article, please see Supplementary files under ‘Article Tools’.

Published
2015

154. Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China

Author

Liu Zirui, Ji Dongsheng, Hu Bo, Zhang Junke, Tang Guiqian, Wang Yuesi, Yao Li, Sun Yang, Xin Jinyuan, and Wang Lili

Subjects
Haze, Gaseous pollutants, Eastern china, Cold air, Atmospheric sciences, Trace gas, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, chemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Haze pollution, sense organs
Abstract

In January 2013, a long-lasting episode of severe haze occurred in central and eastern China, and it attracted attention from all sectors of society. The process and evolution of haze pollution episodes were observed by the "Forming Mechanism and Control Strategies of Haze in China" group using an intensive aerosol and trace gases campaign that simultaneously obtained data at 11 ground-based observing sites in the CARE-China network. The characteristics and formation mechanism of haze pollution episodes were discussed. Five haze pollution episodes were identified in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) area; the two most severe episodes occurred during 9-15 January and 25-31 January. During these two haze pollution episodes, the maximum hourly PM2.5 mass concentrations in Beijing were 680 and 530 μg m-3, respectively. The process and evolution of haze pollution episodes in other major cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji area, such as Shijiazhuang and Tianjin were almost the same as those observed in Beijing. The external cause of the severe haze episodes was the unusual atmospheric circulation, the depression of strong cold air activities and the very unfavorable dispersion due to geographical and meteorological conditions. However, the internal cause was the quick secondary transformation of primary gaseous pollutants to secondary aerosols, which contributed to the "explosive growth" and "sustained growth" of PM2.5. Particularly, the abnormally high amount of nitric oxide (NO x ) in the haze episodes, produced by fossil fuel combustion and vehicle emissions, played a direct or indirect role in the quick secondary transformation of coal-burning sulphur dioxide (SO2) to sulphate aerosols. Furthermore, gaseous pollutants were transformed into secondary aerosols through heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles, which can change the particles size and chemical composition. Consequently, the proportion of secondary inorganic ions, such as sulphate and nitrate, gradually increased, which enhances particle hygroscopicity and thereby accelerating formation of the haze pollution.

Published
2013

155. The impact threshold of the aerosol radiation forcing on the boundary layer structure in the pollution region.

Author

Zhaot, Dandan, Xin, Jinyuan, Gong, Chongshui, Quad, Jiannong, Wang, Yuesi, Tang, Guiqian, Ma, Yongxiang, Dai, Lindong, Wu, Xiaoyan, Liu, Guangjing, and Ma, Yongjing

Abstract

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the relation between particulate matter (PM) pollution and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure. However, this has yet to be fully understood because most studies have been superficial. This study aimed to qualitatively assess the interaction between PM and ABL structure in essence, and to further quantitatively estimate the effects of aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) on the ABL structure. Multi-episode contrastive analysis stated the key to determining whether haze outbreak or dissipation was the ABL structure (i.e., stability and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE)) satisfied relevant conditions. However, it seemed that the ABL structure change was in turn highly related to the PM level and ARF. |SFC ATM| (SFC and ATM is respectively the ARF at the surface and interior of the atmospheric column) is the absolute difference between ground and atmosphere layer ARFs, and the change in |SFC-ATM| is linearly related to the PM mass concentration. However, the influence of ARF on the boundary layer structure is nonlinear. With increasing |SFC-ATM|, the TKE level exponentially decreased, which was notable in the lower layers/ABL but disappeared above the ABL. Moreover, the threshold of the ARF effects on the ABL structure was determined for the first time, namely, once |SFC ATM| exceeded ~ 55 W m-2, the ABL structure would quickly stabilize and would thereafter change little with increasing ARF. The threshold of the ARF effects on the boundary layer structure could provide useful information for relevant atmospheric environment improvement measures and policies, such as formulating the objectives of phased air pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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159. Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentrations and chemical species in urban and background areas of China: emerging results from the CARE-China network

Author

Liu, Zirui, primary, Gao, Wenkang, additional, Yu, Yangchun, additional, Hu, Bo, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Sun, Yang, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Wang, Gehui, additional, Bi, Xinhui, additional, Zhang, Guohua, additional, Xu, Honghui, additional, Cong, Zhiyuan, additional, He, Jun, additional, Xu, Jingsha, additional, and Wang, Yuesi, additional

Published
2018
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160. Two-year continuous measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in urban Beijing, China: Temporal variations, characteristics and source analyses

Author

Ji, Dongsheng, primary, Yan, Yingchao, additional, Wang, Zhanshan, additional, He, Jun, additional, Liu, Baoxian, additional, Sun, Yang, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Li, Yi, additional, Cao, Wan, additional, Cui, Yang, additional, Hu, Bo, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Liu, Zirui, additional, Tang, Guiqian, additional, and Wang, Yuesi, additional

Published
2018
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162. Characteristics of fine particulate matter and its sources in an industrialized coastal city, Ningbo, Yangtze River Delta, China

Author

Wang, Weifeng, primary, Yu, Jie, additional, Cui, Yang, additional, He, Jun, additional, Xue, Peng, additional, Cao, Wan, additional, Ying, Hongmei, additional, Gao, Wenkang, additional, Yan, Yingchao, additional, Hu, Bo, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Liu, Zirui, additional, Sun, Yang, additional, Ji, Dongsheng, additional, and Wang, Yuesi, additional

Published
2018
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165. Air quality and climate change, Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III) – Part 1: Overview and model evaluation

Author

Gao, Meng, primary, Han, Zhiwei, additional, Liu, Zirui, additional, Li, Meng, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Tao, Zhining, additional, Li, Jiawei, additional, Kang, Jeong-Eon, additional, Huang, Kan, additional, Dong, Xinyi, additional, Zhuang, Bingliang, additional, Li, Shu, additional, Ge, Baozhu, additional, Wu, Qizhong, additional, Cheng, Yafang, additional, Wang, Yuesi, additional, Lee, Hyo-Jung, additional, Kim, Cheol-Hee, additional, Fu, Joshua S., additional, Wang, Tijian, additional, Chin, Mian, additional, Woo, Jung-Hun, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Wang, Zifa, additional, and Carmichael, Gregory R., additional

Published
2018
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167. Supplementary material to "Characteristics of PM2.5 mass concentrations and chemical species in urban and background areas of China: emerging results from the CARE-China network"

Author

Liu, Zirui, primary, Gao, Wenkang, additional, Yu, Yangchun, additional, Hu, Bo, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Sun, Yang, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Wang, Gehui, additional, Bi, Xinhui, additional, Zhang, Guohua, additional, Xu, Honghui, additional, Cong, Ziyuan, additional, He, Jun, additional, Xu, Jingsha, additional, and Wang, Yuesi, additional

Published
2018
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170. In situ measurements of NO, NO2, NOy, and O3 in Dinghushan (112°E, 23°N), China during autumn 2008

Author

Xin Jinyuan, Yang Sun, Lili Wang, Deqiang Zhang, Yuesi Wang, and Liu Quan

Subjects
In situ, Pollution, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Meteorology, media_common.quotation_subject, Production efficiency, Atmospheric sciences, Photochemical pollution, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Subtropical ridge, Environmental science, Relative humidity, NOx, General Environmental Science, media_common
Abstract

Measurements of O3, NO, NO2, and NOy mixing ratios were carried out at a station-Dinghushan in Guangdong province of China from Oct. 18th, 2008 to Nov. 7th, 2008. This research shows that under conditions of a strong subtropical high (temperature high, relative humidity low), on Oct. 29th, 2008 the Dinghushan station observed severe photochemical pollution. The Maximum hour average concentration of O3 reached 128 ppbv, and the serious photochemical pollution is caused by superposition of local photochemical reaction and regional transport. The observation that NOx ozone production efficiency (OPE) values for high O3 pollution on Oct. 29e30th, 2008 were 10.5 and 15, which were more than the values of the city source region and lower than that of the surrounding clean areas. It means the sensitivity of O3 generated was transitioning from VOCs limited condition to NOx-limited regime. By applying a Smog Production Model, the results show that the extent of reaction values less than 0.6 were occurred on 17 days during campaign, and 13 days for the extents of reactions more than 0.6. However, there were no data with values over 0.8, which indicates that the observation station represent a VOCs sensitive system during campaign. Analysis of the extents of reactions and wind data show that the

Published
2010

171. Development of RAMS-CMAQ to Simulate Aerosol Optical Depth and Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing and Its Application to East Asia

Author

Zhange Mei-Gen, Han Xiao, Liu Xiao-Hong, Wang Lili, Steven J. Ghan, and Xin Jinyuan

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, Environmental science, Model development, Albedo, Radiative forcing, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, Air quality index, Aerosol, CMAQ
Abstract

The air quality modeling system RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System)-CMAQ (Models-3 Community Multi—scale Air Quality) is developed to simulate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol di...

Published
2009

173. Air Quality and Climate Change, Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III), Part I: overview and model evaluation

Author

Gao, Meng, primary, Han, Zhiwei, additional, Liu, Zirui, additional, Li, Meng, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Tao, Zhining, additional, Li, Jiawei, additional, Kang, Jeong-Eon, additional, Huang, Kan, additional, Dong, Xinyi, additional, Zhuang, Bingliang, additional, Li, Shu, additional, Ge, Baozhu, additional, Wu, Qizhong, additional, Cheng, Yafang, additional, Wang, Yuesi, additional, Lee, Hyo-Jung, additional, Kim, Cheol-Hee, additional, Fu, Joshua S., additional, Wang, Tijian, additional, Chin, Mian, additional, Woo, Jung-Hun, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Wang, Zifa, additional, and Carmichael, Gregory R., additional

Published
2017
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174. Supplementary material to "Air Quality and Climate Change, Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III), Part I: overview and model evaluation"

Author

Gao, Meng, primary, Han, Zhiwei, additional, Liu, Zirui, additional, Li, Meng, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Tao, Zhining, additional, Li, Jiawei, additional, Kang, Jeong-Eon, additional, Huang, Kan, additional, Dong, Xinyi, additional, Zhuang, Bingliang, additional, Li, Shu, additional, Ge, Baozhu, additional, Wu, Qizhong, additional, Cheng, Yafang, additional, Wang, Yuesi, additional, Lee, Hyo-Jung, additional, Kim, Cheol-Hee, additional, Fu, Joshua S., additional, Wang, Tijian, additional, Chin, Mian, additional, Woo, Jung-Hun, additional, Zhang, Qiang, additional, Wang, Zifa, additional, and Carmichael, Gregory R., additional

Published
2017
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175. Modelling study of boundary-layer ozone over northern China - Part II: Responses to emission reductions during the Beijing Olympics

Author

Tang, Guiqian, primary, Zhu, Xiaowan, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Hu, Bo, additional, Song, Tao, additional, Sun, Yang, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Wu, Fangkun, additional, Sun, Jie, additional, Cheng, Mengtian, additional, Chao, Na, additional, Li, Xin, additional, and Wang, Yuesi, additional

Published
2017
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178. Supplementary material to "Mixing layer height on the North China Plain and meteorological evidence of serious air pollution in southern Hebei"

Author

Zhu, Xiaowan, primary, Tang, Guiqian, additional, Guo, Jianping, additional, Hu, Bo, additional, Song, Tao, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Gao, Wenkang, additional, Münkel, Christoph, additional, Schäfer, Klaus, additional, Li, Xin, additional, and Wang, Yuesi, additional

Published
2017
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187. Shipboard Observations of Aerosol Chemical Properties Over the Western Pacific Ocean in Winter 2018

Author

Ma, Yining, Ma, Yongjing, Zhang, Xiangguang, Wu, Fangkun, Liu, Quan, Wu, Xiaoyan, Lyu, Yilong, Jiang, Jiawei, Zhao, Dandan, Ren, Xinbing, Li, Zhi, Jia, Xin, Li, Mengchao, Yao, Jingyu, Gao, Zhongming, Hai, Shangfei, and Xin, Jinyuan

Abstract

Based on a shipboard observation conducted in winter 2018, we reported the aerosol chemical properties and their differences in offshore and remote oceans over the Western Pacific Ocean (WPO). It's found that the chemical compositions over the WPO have significant spatial heterogeneity due to the influences of regional transport of anthropogenic aerosols and long‐path transport of dust aerosols. The average concentration of water soluble ions during the whole sampling period followed Cl−> OC > Na+> SO42−${{\text{SO}}_{4}}^{2-}$> NO3−${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}$> Ca2+> Mg2+> EC > K+> NH4+${{\text{NH}}_{4}}^{+}$. Crustal elements of Ca (980.41 ng/m3), Na (971.55 ng/m3), and Al (781.16 ng/m3) were uniformly distributed in offshore area, but high proportion of Na elements dominated in remote regions. The total concentration of heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and others originating from anthropogenic sources were 208 ng/m3along the coastal region, about 10 times higher than that of 20.2 ng/m3in the offshore and remote seas. For the reconstructed components, we found an increase of sea‐salt aerosol ranged from 3% to 72%, and a decrease of black carbon, organic matter and secondary inorganic salts, indicating a transformation from anthropogenic influence to marine environment. The rapidly increased secondary organic matter during dust event revealed that the transport of dust serves as catalysts to promote multi‐phase reactions. Cl−photochemical reaction rate in offshore area was mainly affected by sulfate from anthropogenic emissions, with an average chlorine loss rate of 18%, whereas it was inverse Cl−excess in the remote oceans. The Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, organized a shipboard scientific observation over the Western Pacific Ocean (WPO) in winter 2018 to explore the chemical compositions of marine aerosols. The results showed that the chemical compositions over the WPO have significant spatial heterogeneity due to the different pollutants from various sources. Anthropogenic elements such as SO42−${{\text{SO}}_{4}}^{2-}$, NO3−${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}$, and OC dominated in offshore waters, whereas the sea salt components of Na and Cl took a high proportion in remote oceans. In addition, dust aerosol originating from the North Africa also affected the WPO regions by long‐distance transport. The photochemical reaction rate of Cl−in offshore area was mainly affected by sulfate concentration from anthropogenic emissions, with an overall chlorine loss rate of 18%, but it exhibited an inversely Cl−excess phenomenon in the remote oceans. The compositions of aerosol presented a significant change from anthropogenic source to marine sea salt from coast to remote oceansDust from North Africa acted as catalyst to promote the intensive formation of secondary organic aerosols in equatorial areaThere was a significant chlorine loss in the offshore coast, and a pronounced chlorine excess in remote seas The compositions of aerosol presented a significant change from anthropogenic source to marine sea salt from coast to remote oceans Dust from North Africa acted as catalyst to promote the intensive formation of secondary organic aerosols in equatorial area There was a significant chlorine loss in the offshore coast, and a pronounced chlorine excess in remote seas

Published
2023
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188. Machine learning model to accurately estimate the planetary boundary layer height of Beijing urban area with ERA5 data.

Author

Peng, Kecheng, Xin, Jinyuan, Zhu, Xiaoqian, Wang, Xiaoyuan, Cao, Xiaoqun, Ma, Yongjing, Ren, Xinbing, Zhao, Dandan, Cao, Junji, and Wang, Zifa

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, *MACHINE learning, *WEATHER forecasting, *SPRING, *DEW point, *SUMMER
Abstract

The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is one of the most important parameters in the environmental, weather, and climatic research. Therefore, it is of great significance and application value to accurately estimate the PBLH by using the available conventional reanalysis meteorological datasets. This study established a hybrid machine learning (HML) method by combining three different ensemble algorithms with parallel training to estimate the urban PBLH of Beijing with ERA5 reanalysis data. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) between the ERA5-BLH and the observed BLH is as high as 68%, whereas it decreased to 10% for the PBLH estimated by the HML model. The radiation-related thermal factors of surface temperature and dew point temperature in ERA5, play a critical role in summer in regulating the PBLH, while the dynamic factors of wind speed and pressure dominate in the other seasons. The MAPE for all the seasons decreases by 0.3–1.6% after introducing the measured temperature and humidity profiles. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method shows that higher RH contributes less for PBLH estimated in spring, while 2 m temperature is positively correlated with HML performance in summer. Finally, an optimal HML model of PBLH is synthesized as the contribution of meteorological elements. The MAPE drops to 5.2%–15.1% throughout the year. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is <50 m in autumn and winter, and the maximum MAE is up to 80 m in the summer afternoon, when the convection is intensely developed. Therefore, the HML is capable of accurately estimating the urban PBLH in high resolution, which provides great significances and references for the investigations regarding the atmospheric environment capacity, as well as for advancing weather forecasting. [Display omitted] • An optimal Hybrid ML model is proposed for Beijing urban PBLH estimation. • The HML-based estimates are nearly 60% higher compared to ERA5 PBLH. • Thermal factors dominate PBLH estimation in summer and dynamic factors prevail in other seasons. • Machine learning model is promising to improve the accuracy of EAR5 PBLH even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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190. Supplementary material to "Background aerosol over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau: observed characteristics of aerosol mass loading"

Author

Liu, Bin, primary, Cong, Zhiyuan, additional, Wang, Yuesi, additional, Xin, Jinyuan, additional, Wan, Xin, additional, Pan, Yuepeng, additional, Liu, Zirui, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Zhang, Guoshuai, additional, Wang, Zhongyan, additional, Wang, Yongjie, additional, and Kang, Shichang, additional

Published
2016
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