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In order to improve the traceability and the tracking precision of fast moving targets on its own, a intelligent video monitoring solution is proposed. Sound source localization technology was adopted to realize quick positioning for dynamic target. Three-frame-difference method was given to detect the moving object , then the obtained target center parameters were used as the control signals of PTZ control system to drive the camera to trace the moving target for real-time tracking and monitoring. Experiments and simulations show that the control schemes can completely satisfy the requirement of monitoring.

A new approach, blade perforation, is presented to prevent flow cavitation on the blades’ suction side in Francis hydro-turbines. The blades are perforated at the sites of cavitation so that the pressure and suction sides are connected by the through-hole to increase the pressure at the suction side. The detailed characteristics of flow, performance, cavitation in the runner and vortex rope, and pressure fluctuations in the draft tube of the perforated and unperforated turbines are investigated numerically and experimentally. Under the conditions of this study, the blade perforations do not change the energy extraction performance and the critical cavitation number, but do influence the flow characteristics and ameliorate the turbine instability problems: change the shape of vortex rope; eliminate high-frequency bubbles and reduce the amplitude of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube. This indicates that blade perforation can be used as a novel method to improve the stability of hydro-turbines.

Continuous improvement of energy-efficient systems has led to various technical features such as miniaturization, integration, and portability. This development became the leading trend of the contemporary industry, with the evolvement of various new and miniaturized instruments such as micro-electro-mechanical systems and micro-satellite. Highly miniaturized and integrated electronic devices often release a large amount of heat within their micro scale inter-components areas, which under certain circumstances, may lead to the micro-device’s functional failure. This calls for techno-scientific efforts for efficient heat removal from the mentioned devices. Numerous innovatively scenarios have been so far explored to satisfy the greatly increasing heat removal demand. This paper explores two major types of heat removal technics for micro-scale single-phase flow, namely passive and active type. The passive type includes the geometry modification and working media change, where corresponding effects on heat transfer performance and fluid flow are addressed by Nusselt number and friction factor, respectively. Their most important advantages are stability and robustness in operation or integration with complex systems. For the active type, only the pulsating inlet flow and acoustic wave are considered in the present paper, which are less reviewed recently. Generally, the heat transfer enhancement is attributed to the effect of disturbed thermal boundary layers on mixing of fluids. The present review article is organized in a way that provides a historical perspective of the recent developments in this area, and advances comprehensive comments from overall situations; which may serve a substantial guidance for researchers in different background who intend to step into this area.

High soda content in fine alumina trihydrate(ATH) limits its application and increases the soda consumption. The variation of soda content in the fine ATH by seeded precipitation was determined by detection of electric conductivity of solution, soda content in ATH, measurement of particle size distribution and microscopic analysis. The results show that high concentration of sodium aluminate solution, ground circulative seed, low temperature or fast initial precipitation rate increases the soda content in ATH. Soda mainly exists in lattice soda and less soda in desilication product (DSP) exists in the fine ATH precipitated from sodium aluminate solution with concentration of Al2O3 (ρAl2O3) more than 160 g/L and mass ratio of alumina to silica (μSiO2) of 400, and lattice soda decreases with increasing initial precipitation temperature, aging seed, and low precipitation rate and precipitation time. Results also imply that Na+Al(OH)4− ion-pair influences lattice soda content in ATH on the basis of electric conductivity variation.

Starting from the physical model consisting of two remotely located atoms trapped in high finesse fiber-connected cavities, generation of maximally entangled state is firstly realized theoretically from a initial single-photon state. Result shows that under the regime of strong atom-cavity coupling strength, the averaged fidelity can remarkably exceed 0.9980. The distant creation of maximally entangled state may provides certain opportunities and be helpful in the accomplishment of scalable quantum networks.

This work reports melamine resin was modified with siloxane, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve its structure and properties, and accomplished a wide research and study on the effect of different reaction conditions, including temperature, PH and solid contents. Using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and DSC to analyzed the samples and study their composition and performance. The results showed that siloxane, Polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modifier can make the performance of the melamine better than unmodified ones.

A kind of three carrier PWM control method is put forward for improved Z-source inverter. The switches are controlled by comparing three carrier and three reference waves. The shoot-through zero state are injected in the time when traditional zero vector worked. The voltage gain is determined by the dc offset voltage of carrier wave when the modulation index is constant. Boost factor is made independent of the modulation index. And the switching loss is reduced. The voltage stress on the capacitances and switches are analyzed in detail. Simulation results show that this method possesses better control performance.

Taylor impact tests are used as experimental and numerical tests for determining the mechanical behavior of materials subjected to high strain rates. Taylor impact tests are numerically simulated in the velocity range from 150m/s to 250m/s. Deformations of different impact velocity; impact damages of the axis centre; and the reasons of impact damage are discussed in the numerical simulation of Taylor impact test.

Blast wave is numerical simulated based on FCT method. According to the comparative analysis, taking Henrych empirical formula as a standard, FCT method is more accuracy than Godunov method. Moreover, it has been found that the numerical accuracy is insufficient when the distance is small, it is necessary to develop and modify the numerical method continuously.

In order to get a full understanding the whole bridge's actual stress state and dynamic performance as well as to check whether the bridge structure could meet the requirements of carrying capacity and traffic capacity, loading test has been carried out to the Nanxi Yangtze River Bridge. As the bridge is a long-span suspension bridge, there is a significant geometric non-linear effect which must be considered in the calculation. Besides, a reasonable field test organization scheme is necessary to guarantee the success of the test since there are a variety of working conditions and a large number of loading trucks. Finally, this kind of static and dynamic load test has a high guiding significance to the field test.

In order to improve the diagnosis rates of transformer fault, a research on application of RBF neural network is carried out. The structure and working principle of radial basis function (RBF) neural network are analyzed and a three layer RBF network is also designed for transformer fault diagnosis. It is proved by MATLAB experiment that RBF neural network is a strong classifier which is used to diagnose transformer fault effectively.

Three new xanthone derivatives, including two first reported containing sulfur as natural products: sydoxanthone A ( 1 ) and sydoxanthone B ( 2 ), and 13- O -acetylsydowinin B ( 3 ) were isolated from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sydowii , occurring in the livewort Scapania ciliata S. Lac, together with seven known biosynthetically related compounds ( 4–10 ). Their structures were established primarily by NMR, UV and MS data. In vitro suppression test on the Con A- and LPS-induced proliferations of mouse splenic lymphocytes showed that compounds 7 and 8 displayed moderate immunosuppressive activities.

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic extract of Aspergillus niger, an endophytic fungus from the Chinese liverwort Heteroscyphus tener (Steph.) Schiffn., afforded five new naphtho-γ-pyrones, rubrofusarin-6-O-α-D-ribofuranoside (1), (R)-10-(3-succinimidyl)-TMC-256A1 (2), asperpyrone E (3), isoaurasperone A (4), and isoaurasperone F (5), as well as four known ones, dianhydroaurasperone C (6), aurasperone D (7), asperpyrone D (8), and asperpyrone A (9), together with a cytotoxic cyclic pentapeptide, malformin A1 (10). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of dimeric naphtho-γ-pyrones 3-9 were also determined by analysis of their respective CD spectra.

Surface tension of sodium aluminate solution and the contact angle between Al(OH)3 particles and aluminate solution were measured, then the dependence of Al(OH)3 solubility on its particle size was calculated and thus the variation of the critical nucleus sizes was determined based on the Ostwald ripening formula. The results show that the Al(OH)3 solubility in sodium aluminate solution decreases with the increment of particle size, and the critical nucleus sizes increase with the rise of alkali concentration, caustic ratio and precipitation temperature. The results also imply that the presence of small particles in seeded precipitation system is an important factor to limit the depth of precipitation.

Although many investigations on elastic turbulence have been conducted in recent years, two major research topics still call for in-depth mechanistic investigations. Specifically, one is heat transfer performance affected by elastic turbulence; the other is so-called high Weissenberg number problem (HWNP) in numerical simulation of viscoelastic fluid flow. Taking these two topics into account simultaneously, the coupled problem becomes heat transfer characteristic of viscoelastic fluid in elastic turbulence at high Weissenberg number (Wi) and very low Reynolds number (Re). In this work, we implement numerical simulations by embedding log-conformation reformulation algorithm into the open-source software OpenFOAM. The heat transfer process of viscoelastic fluid flow in a three-dimensional (3D) curvy channel is simulated over a wide range of Wi. For the first time, significant heat transfer enhancement induced by elastic turbulence in a curvy channel at high Wi was identified numerically. When Wi is above the critical value of O(1), the heat transfer performance is found to be dramatically improved by elastic turbulence and then approaches a saturation. From the transient analysis of flow motions in the axial and cross sections, it can be seen that the flow twists and wiggles in the curvy channel and the field synergy effect of viscoelastic fluid flow becomes more intensive than that of Newtonian fluid flow. These effects give rise to the extremely irregular flow motions in the cross section and consequently lead to heat transfer enhancement.

Heat and mass transfer in microscale flows are limited due to extremely low Reynolds number (Re). In a curved microchannel, however, complex flow behaviors, such as elastic instability and elastic turbulence, can be induced via viscoelastic fluid at vanishingly low-Re conditions, which is of great potential to enhance the heat transfer performance. The influence of elastic instabilities and turbulence on heat dissipation of exothermic components is experimentally investigated in this study. The heat transfer performance of both viscoelastic (polymer solutions) and Newtonian (sucrose solutions) fluid flows in a curved microchannel with a square cross section is experimentally characterized. Titanium–platinum (Ti–Pt) thin films embedded at the bottom wall of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel serve as both microheater and temperature sensor. For viscoelastic fluids, the spectrum of outlet temperature fluctuation in broad frequency (f) region fits the power law of f −1.1. Heat transfer enhancement due to the elastic turbulence in a curved microchannel is thereby identified by the drastic growth of the Nusselt number (Nu, the ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer normal to the boundary) with the increase in the Weissenberg number (Wi, the ratio of elastic stress to viscous stress). The mechanism of heat transfer enhanced by the convection effect of elastic turbulence is also elucidated.

Aiming at the complicated information composition and the features such as high-degree autonomous, disperse, dynamic and changeable, and adaptive function of CNC lathes in cloud manufacturing environment, a framework for Adaptation Access of CNC lathes is proposed, which could support various types of information modular, dynamic virtual access. The key technologies such as service modeling approach of CNC lathes based on Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) and Adaptation Access of CNC lathes based on Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGI) are researched. Finally, an experimental case is used to verify the above research results.

Objective. In the 24-week randomized, double-blind, double-placebo, parallel-controlled trial, we aimed to test the effects of herbal therapy with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods. A total of 324 patients with aMCI entered a 2-week placebo run-in period followed by 24 weeks’ treatment of either (a) herbal capsule (5 shenwu capsules/administration, 3 times/day) and placebo identical to donepezil tablets (n=216) or (b) donepezil (5 mg/day) and placebo identical to herbal capsule (n=108). Results. Herbal therapy showed a significant improvement on the primary efficacy measure, measured by Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), and showed a mean decrease from baseline of 4.23 points at the endpoint, without a significant difference from the donepezil group. Secondary efficacy measurement of the Logical Memory II Delayed Story Recall subtest (DSR) showed modest improvement in those taking herbal capsule compared to baseline, and there was no significant difference from donepezil group. The frequency of adverse events was much less in the herbal therapy group than the donepezil. Conclusion. Herbal therapy demonstrated a significant improvement in cognition and memory, which were similar to the donepezil in patients with aMCI. Herbal therapy was safe and well tolerated. Trial Registration. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov NCT01451749.

The recent increasing use of γ-ray industrial computed tomography (γ-ray ICT) in various fields has induced greater attention to its performance as well as to considerations of radiation safety. It is understood that radiation protection planning cannot be sacrificed for the sake of CT image quality during the design, manufacture, and layout of γ-ray ICT systems. In the present work, we describe a typical γ-ray ICT system in brief, and, based on experience and pertinent examples, we propose design requirements for ensuring the radiation safety of the sealed radioactive source, source container, and workspace. The design examples and dose rate measurement results illustrate that the proposed design standards are reasonable, feasible, and safe, and are therefore meaningful for the design, manufacture, and layout of γ-ray ICT systems. This paper discussed the predominant measures associated with the radiation protection of γ-ray ICT systems in accordance with the pertinent Chinese standards. In addition, based on experience and pertinent examples, the design requirements for ensuring the radiation safety of a sealed radioactive source, source container, and workspace were defined in detail. The design examples and dose rate measurements conducted in conjunction with a γ-ray ICT system and workspace employing the proposed design standards have illustrated that the proposals provided in this paper are reasonable, feasible, and safe, and are therefore meaningful for the design, manufacture, and layout of γ-ray ICT systems.

In order to obtain a fluid with both drag reducing and heat transfer enhanced abilities, we use viscoelastic fluid for drag reducing and stimulate the elastic turbulence for the sake of heat transfer enhancement. To further enhance the heat transfer, carbon powder particles were added to the viscoelastic fluid where Polyacrylamide Ethylene Glycol solution was served as the base fluid. Fluid properties were measured at different solution concentration, shear rate and temperature by the rotary rheometer and thermal conductivity meter including viscosity and heat conductivity coefficients. The results showed that the addition of the carbon powder could significantly change the viscoelastic fluid properties. As for the viscosity, the shear-thinning behavior still exists after adding the carbon powder. Moreover, the heat conductivity coefficients increase about 7.5% after adding the carbon powder and nearly linearly increase with the temperature and volume concentration of the carbon particle.

This paper aims to develop a three-dimensional (3D) measurement approach to investigate the flow structures of viscoelastic fluid in the curved microchannel by using digital holographic microscope (DHM). The measurement system uses off-axis holographic/interferometric optical setup for the moving target, and the real-time three-dimensional-three-components (3D3C) particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) can be achieved based on the analysis of phase information of holograms. To diagnose the irregular flow inside the microchannel, the 3D temporal positions of tracer particles in the volume of 282 μm × 282 μm × 60 μm have been detected and velocity field was calculated based on the PTV algorithm. Moreover, to explain the flow field inside the curved microchannel, for the first time the polarized high-speed camera was utilized to identify the strong elongation in the viscoelastic fluid. The DHM is proven to be successful for the measurements of microfluidic flow, especially for the truly real-time 3D motions.

An efficient and facile total synthesis of diglycoside Matayoside D isolated from the root bark of Matayba guianensis with antiplasmodial activity have been accomplished in 11 steps with 5% overall yields starting from commercially available glucose and rhamnose. Furthermore, a class of the diglycosidic derivatives with different lengths of the linker and valences were also prepared and evaluated for their antiplasmodial activities against chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Low valent and short linker attached diglycoside show no enhancement of the antiplasmodial activity while polyvalent conjugates showed enhanced antiplasmodial activity with IC50 value at least 20 fold better than that of the corresponding diglycosidic monomer. The polyvalent diglycoside were non-cytotoxic against normal mammalian cells under 50,000 μg/L.

This paper presents an improved and easy-to-use battery dynamic model. The charge and the discharge dynamics of the battery model are validated experimentally with Ni-Mh batteries types. An interesting feature of this model is the simplicity to extract the dynamic model parameters from batteries datasheets. Finally, the battery model is simulated in the matlab simulation software .The results show that the model can accurately re-present the dynamic behavior of the battery.

Four kinds of ZrC coatings with nearly the same thickness have been successfully prepared on graphite substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) through controlling the ratio of inlet reacting gases. From backscattered electron images, it can be inferred that ZrCIII coating has the best tightness of all coatings. Meanwhile, line energy spectrum curve shows that zirconium and carbon elements distribute uniformly along the normal direction of the ZrCIII coating. As for varied microstructures, the coatings show different mechanical properties and residue stress. The strength and elastic modulus of ZrCIII coating were up to 89.57 and 1 192.5GPa, respectively. Those make it near the level of diamond. Value of residue tensile stress of ZrC+C composite coating was only 7.729MPa and that of ZrCIII coatings was 349.632 MPa. The strong combination of small-size grains in ZrCIII coating plays a decisive role to the best mechanical properties. However, strong misfit of lattice between ZrCIII coating and substrate can induce high residue stress.

This paper presents an improved and easy-to-use battery dynamic Hybrid-Electric Vehicle model. The fuel cell electrical subsystem and the energy management subsystem of the HEV are validated experimentally. An interesting feature of this model is the simplicity to extract the dynamic model parameters from FCV (fuel cell vehicle). Finally, the HEV model is simulated in the matlab simulation software .The results show that the model can accurately re-present the dynamic behavior of the HEV.

Along with the Internet technology and mobile intelligent terminal of the development and popularization, traditional college application will be grafted into intelligent terminal has become inevitable, as education evaluation test also is experiencing paperless and network development. Course exam system is will the computer and network communication technology and mobile intelligent terminal applied to teaching field of product, using XML resources and mobile intelligent terminals, to candidates, and teachers numbered bring great convenience, but also for the education of college teaching reform to provide strong support. This system by using the android platform, design and development of the cross-platform J2EE multilayer architecture and open source Linux system, XML database technology and JAVA development tool to Eclipse, using the MVC development, mode of object-oriented analysis and design method, high stability, usability, maintainability, expansibility, portability and lower operational costs.

Aiming at the problem of high energy consuming and failure rate on traditional AC contactor, the implement method of intelligent AC contactor is presented. The smart structures concept is introduced into the domain of AC contactor and the microcontroller C8051F040 is used as the control core. The intelligent AC contactor is a comprehensive system which assembles data acquisition and control, fault self-diagnosis and protection Function, etc. DC operation and on-line monitoring of the running state is also realized. Experiments show that the system has characteristics of low cost , accurate indication for running state and fault location, good protecting function, completely eliminating the noise and vibration operation, good performance in energy-saving , etc.

Starting from a rudimentary quantum-networks model that consists of two two-level confined atoms locating respectively in spatially-separated cavities coupled by fiber, we investigate the complex entanglement characteristics of the composite system analytically under the maximally initial entangled state that generates two excitations simultaneously during the temporal-evolution process. Our calculation clearly shows that, through mediating the atom-cavity coupling strength and photon-photon hopping rate appropriately, the entanglement dynamics displays some distinctive temporal properties differing from those obtained in one-excitation space, characterized partially by these newly quantum phenomena termed as entanglement sudden death and recurrence. Effectively, within the framework of two excitations, we suggest the purposeful manipulations of atomic entanglement communication for quantum networks.

The incremental launching construction method of super large-span arch-girder combination bridges is a new way in construction for late-model bridges. This article introduced the similarity model of a large-span arch-girder combination bridge based on similarity theory, in order to study the dangerous conditions during the construction of the real bridge. This article discussed the structure responses under one，two，three times dead-load additional weight and the wind load separately. The experiment result demonstrates that the experiment method could simulate the dangerous conditions during the real construction and check the stress effectively which can provide technical support for the construction of similar bridges.

This paper presents a comprehensive review on the peculiar phenomena of elasticity-induced instabilities, transition to turbulence and elastic turbulence in very low Reynolds number (Re) viscoelastic fluids flows, as well as their particular applications of those viscoelasticity-induced phenomena in microfluidic devices. It is well-known that the addition of polymers or surfactants additives into normal solvents (like water) can make the solutions show remarkable viscoelastic properties, which are varying with the additives concentration and temperature. The elasticity of the solution stems from the flexible molecular chains, which can be stretched or reassemble themselves in fluid motion, and hereby induce the flow instabilities due to the initial perturbation. These instabilities are common in the flow devices with curvilinear streamlines, such as Taylor–Couette geometry, cone-and-plate geometry and plate-and-plate geometry, and all occur at relatively low-Re, hence called elastic instabilities. In microscopic flow, Re is naturally quite low and the flow is definitely laminar for Newtonian fluids. Nevertheless, flow instabilities, even chaotic flow patterns happen for viscoelastic fluids, provided the fluid elasticity is strong enough. For a practical purpose, triggering elastic instabilities or turbulence in the microchannel devices will be favorable for mixing enhancement, reaction acceleration and potential heat transfer enhancement, which are usually limited by the laminar flow nature greatly. Using viscoelastic fluid coupling to curvatures of geometry, the low-Re irregular flow behaves counter-intuitively compared with normal fluids and can functionally work in particularly designed microfluidic devices. With wide applications of microfluidics in the fields of chemical science, medical engineering and biotechnology, etc., and combination with microfabrication technology, the instabilities’ occurrence and applications will be a promising way for functional microchip design with multipurpose. Till now, though huge developments in microfluidics using viscoelastic fluid flow have been achieved, challenges and research interests still remain for the future.

The thermodynamic properties of the most important NaOH–NaAl(OH) 4 –H 2 O system in Bayer process for alumina production were investigated. A theoretical model for calculating the equilibrium constant of gibbsite dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution was proposed. New Pitzer model parameters and mixing parameters for the system NaOH–NaAl(OH) 4 –H 2 O were yielded and tested in the temperature range of 298.15–373.15 K. The results show that the proposed model for calculating the equilibrium constant of gibbsite dissolution is applicable and accurate. The obtained Pitzer model parameters of β (0) (NaAl(OH) 4 ), β (1) (NaAl(OH) 4 ), C Φ(NaAl(OH) 4 ) for NaAl(OH) 4 , the binary mixing parameter of θ(OH − Al(OH) 4 − ) for Al(OH) 4 − with OH − , and the ternary mixing parameter of ψ(Na + OH − Al(OH) 4 − ) for Al(OH) 4 − with OH − and Na + are temperature-dependent. The prediction of the equilibrium solubility of gibbsite dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution was feasible in the temperature range of 298.15–373.15 K.

By using DEFORM-3D to simulate the turing process of the tire active mold segment, the stress distribution, temperature distribution, strain distribution and cutting force transformation of turning tool and work-piece can be explored. The simulation results are helpful to configure the material and shape of the turning tools. Also the results play an important role in reducing development cost of the segment manufacturing technology and improving the accuracy and the lifetime of the mould segment.

This paper aims at making an assessment of the performance of the large eddy simulation (LES) method in simulating the complex vortical flow in a Francis hydraulic turbine. Firstly the principle of the LES method is presented. Then, three-dimensional turbulent flow of the Francis turbine under selected condition is simulated using the LES method with the Smagorinsky-Lilly model. In the hydraulic turbine, pressure distribution, vortex structures and other flow information are captured, from which the low pressure area beside the suction side of the blade and vortex structure in the draft tube can be seen clearly. Compared with the results from both experiments and simulations by the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) method with the k-E turbulent model, the LES results are proven to be more accurate in predicting the overall performance and interior flow characteristics of Francis hydraulic turbine. This work attempts to apply the LES method to simulate the flow field in the flow passages of the...

To investigate the formation of internal cracks in GCr15 bearing steels during the soft reduction process in rectangular bloom continuous casting, fully coupled thermomechanical finite element models were developed using the commercial software MSC.MARC, and microstructures and fractographs were also observed. With the finite element models, the contours of temperature, equivalent plastic strain, and equivalent von Mises stress were simulated. It is observed that the fracture surfaces of internal cracks are covered by cleavage or quasi-cleavage facets. The region of internal cracks in the intergranular brittle fracture mode is in the mushy zone between the zero ductility temperature (ZDT) and the zero strength temperature (ZST). The simulated equivalent plastic strain in the crack region is 2.34%–2.45%, which is larger than the critical strain (0.4%–1.5%), and the equivalent von Mises stress is 1.84–5.05 MPa, which is within the range of critical stress (3.9–7.2 MPa), thus resulting in the occurrence of internal cracks. Reducing the soft reduction amount from 3 to 2 mm can lower the stress under the critical value.

This paper researched the mating surfaces between sliding plates on cone ring and segment holders and discussed vertical clearance between segments caused by wear. Relationships between wear depth and parameter a, b, c and wear coefficient K of Archard wear model were analyzed. This work laid a solid foundation for confirming these coefficients accurately in the future.

Perylenequinones (PQs) belong to a class of photosensitizers, generated by some fungi for parasitization or combating invaders. However, PQs generate reactive oxygen when exposed to light irradiation and cause nonselective damage to the producer host. The mechanism underlying the self-resistance of the producer is less understood. By using high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-visible absorption spectroscopic analysis, we found that PQs from an endolichenic fungus Phaeosphaeria sp. were transformed into new derivatives when the culture was exposed to visible or ultraviolet light. This transformation was accompanied by the reduction of its antimicrobial activity. In order to unveil the underlying mechanism, the purified hypocrellin A and calphostin D were employed in the photochemical analysis. The obtained light cleaved products were found to be nontoxic to the tested microbes and this photo-driven detoxification could be taken as a self-resistant strategy for the producer.

A new staurosporine analog, 10'-{5″-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]-2″-methyl}-phenylaminocarbonylstaurosporine (1), together with staurosporine (2), was obtained from the culture broth of Actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. (172614). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including UV, MS, NMR, and CD spectra. Pharmacological experiments revealed that 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity against human colon tumor cell HCT-116.

As a significant technology of Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS), Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) is the bridge between Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). Meanwhile, it is a momentous foundation for building the overall information model of manufacturing of engineering product. By using of which along with the theory of rough set in rule reduction of expert system, the development of CAPP system framework is basis of .net platform, utilizing Visual Studio 2003 to design the system interface and associated structured query language (SQL) allow distributed data processing and data access, which is supported by SQL Server 2000. By designing and running the program, the method of designing is verified.

The segmented mould is key equipment for vulcanizing meridian tires. It can open and close along radial direction and results in the minimum deformation on tire shape. This article introduced the structure of inclined plane radial parting mold and illustrated assembly methods to every part of the radial parting mold in detail and problems should be noticed. At last, this article presented the pressure test contents of semi-steel and all-steel mould and pointed certain adjustment methods to unreasonable gaps in segmented mould.

Brain control the behavior of human, When someone thinks of something, there is thinking movements in someone's brain. Collecting the brain electric wave through Neroscan, Inspecting the feature of the C3、CZ、C4 of Brain electric wave, which apply for the Com Component and analyze the Com principle deeply. Adhibition of control signal to control the virtue of the movement of tractor, At last, Computing the exactitude of control of brain electric wave, The result of experiment is perfect.

Objective: Anorectal malignant melanoma (AMM) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor, and its treatment still controversial. This study was to investigate and summarize our experience on diagnosis, treatment and misdiagnosis of AMM. Methods: From August 1980 to December 2009, 42 patients with AMM were treated in our hospital. The clinical data of those patients were retrospectively analyzed, including the major symptoms, treatment and prognosis. Further immunophenotyping analyses using antibodies to S-100 protein, HMB-45 reactive antigen and vimentin were performed in 22 specimens. Results: The major complaints among the 42 cases were hematochezia (23/42, 55.0%), anal masses (12/42, 28.6%), changes in stool character (4/42, 9.5%), and anal tenesmus or pain (3/42, 7.1%). The misdiagnosis rate was 62% (26/42), the most common misdiagnosis consisted of hemorrhoid (9/26, 34.6%), polyps (11/26, 42.3%) and rectal cancer (6/26, 23.1%). 28 cases underwent abdominoperineal resection, 10 underwent local wide excision, 3 underwent palliative operation, and 1 with no operation. After surgery, 15 patients underwent radiotherapy, 21 underwent chemotherapy and 8 were treated with both. 22 cases deceased within 1 year, 11 within 2 years, 5 within 3 years and 1 within 4 years. The median survival time was 11 months, with the longest of 45 months. The immunohistochemical findings revealed that the S-100 protein was present in all 22 cases (100%), HMB-45 was stained in 19 of 22 (86.4%) and vimentin in 21 of 22 (95.5%). Conclusion: AMM is a rare disease with a poor prognosis and with an aptitude of being misdiagnosed. Hematochezia is the most common symptom. Immunohistochemical staining is conducive to the diagnosis of AMM. Operation is the major treatment， the operation type should be individualized.

For the first time, the power law characteristics of stock price jump intervals have been empirically found generally in stock markets. The classical jump-diffusion model is described as the jump-diffusion model with power law (JDMPL). An artificial stock market (ASM) is designed in which an agent’s investment strategies, risk appetite, learning ability, adaptability, and dynamic changes are considered to create a dynamically changing environment. An analysis of these data packets from the ASM simulation indicates that, with the learning mechanism, the ASM reflects the kurtosis, fat-tailed distribution characteristics commonly observed in real markets. Data packets obtained from simulating the ASM for 5010 periods are incorporated into a regression analysis. Analysis results indicate that the JDMPL effectively characterizes the stock price jumps in the market. The results also support the hypothesis that the time interval of stock price jumps is consistent with the power law and indicate that the diversity and dynamic changes of agents’ investment strategies are the reasons for the discontinuity in the changes of stock prices.

Solutions of flexible high-molecular-weight polymers or some kinds of surfactant are viscoelastic fluids. The elastic stress is induced in such viscoelastic fluid flows and grows nonlinearly with the flow-rate resulting in many particular flow phenomena, including purely elastic instability. The purely elastic instability can even result in a kind of chaotic fluid motion, the so-called elastic turbulence, which is a recently discovered flow phenomenon and arises at arbitrarily small Reynolds number. By using viscoelastic surfactant solution, we attempted to create the peculiar chaotic fluid motions in several specially designed microchannels in which flows with curvilinear streamlines can be generated. The viscoelastic working fluids were aqueous solutions of surfactant, CTAC/NaSal (cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride/sodium salicylate). CTAC solutions with weight concentration of 200 ppm (part per million) and 1000 ppm, respectively, at room temperature were tested. For comparison, water flows in the same microchannels were also visualized. The Reynolds numbers for all the microchannel flows were quite small (for solution flows, the Reynolds numbers were the order of or smaller than one) and the flow should be definitely laminar for Newtonian fluid. It was found that the regular laminar flow patterns for low-Reynolds-number Newtonian fluid flow in different microchannels were strongly deformed in solution flows: either asymmetrical flow structures or time-dependent vortical fluid motions appeared. These chaotic flow phenomena were considered to be induced by the viscoelasticity of the CTAC solutions. Discussions about the potential applications using such kind of chaotic fluid motions were also made.

Based on the study of influence of temperature, digestion time, amount of CaO added and composition of aluminate solution on reaction behavior of pure anatase in high-pressure digestion process of bauxite, reaction mechanism of anatase was preliminarily determined. Anatase first reacts with caustic soda to produce Na 2 TiO 3 , then the resultant Na 2 TiO 3 reacts with 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·6H 2 O resulting from the reaction of CaO with sodium aluminate solution to produce CaO·2TiO 2 ·H 2 O which eventually converts into CaTiO 3 . Higher temperature, concentration of free Na 2 O k (the caustic soda uncombined with aluminate anions in the form of Na 2 O) and molar ratio of CaO to TiO 2 are favorable to the conversion of CaO·2TiO 2 ·H 2 O to CaTiO 3 . And Al(OH) 4 − shows the function of a catalyzer in the reaction of anatase with caustic soda with or without CaO added during the digestion process of diasporic bauxite.

A great amount of red mud generated from alumina production by Bayer process not only threatens the environment but also causes waste of secondary resources. High-iron-content red mud from Bayer process was employed to recover alumina and ferric oxide by the process of reduction-sintering, leaching and then magnetic beneficiation. Results of thermodynamic analyses show that ferric oxide should be reduced to Fe if reduction of ferric oxide and formation of sodium aluminate and calcium silicate happen simultaneously. Experimental results indicate that alumina recovery of Bayer red mud can reach 89.71%, and Fe recovery rate and the grade of magnetite concentrate are 60.67% and 61.78%, respectively, under the optimized sintering conditions.

To explore the correlation between the cognitive functions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and to provide evidence for clinical syndrome differentiation treatment.Six hundred subjects from Dongzhimen Hospital and seven communities in Beijing, aged between 40 and 85 years, accepted neuropsychological assessments, imaging and biochemical examinations, and syndrome differentiation, from whom 159 aMCI patients, 213 normal control (NC) subjects and 171 Alzheimer's dementia (AD) patients were screened out. Correlation between the cognitive functions and TCM syndromes in aMCI patients was analyzed.Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in aMCI patients was closely correlated with kidney essence vacuity and deficiency of blood and qi (r = -0.11, r = -0.11; P = 0.003, P = 0.015). Delayed Word Recall (DWR) score was correlated with kidney essence vacuity (r = -0.20, P = 0.020). Instant Story Recall (ISR) and Delayed Story Recall (DSR) scores were respectively correlated with turbid phlegm blocking upper orifices (r = -0.11, r = -0.27; P = 0.021, P = 0.000). Language function was correlated with kidney essence vacuity and deficiency of blood and qi (r = -0.11, r = -0.13; P = 0.042, P = 0.007). Attention/calculation was also closely correlated with kidney essence vacuity and deficiency of blood and qi (r = -0.10, r = -0.21; P = 0.039, P = 0.010). Attention score of aMCI patients was correlated with excess of heat toxin syndrome (r = -0.29, P = 0.026).The memory decline of aMCI is correlated with kidney essence vacuity and turbid phlegm blocking upper orifices. Furthermore, turbid phlegm blocking upper orifices is correlated with episodic memory decline, which is closely related to AD. The aMCI patients with phlegm have the risk to progress into AD. Although other cognitive functions of aMCI remain relatively intact, the patients' language function, attention/calculation and the whole cognitive function may be worsen as the aggravation of kidney essence vacuity, deficiency of blood and qi, phlegm and heat toxin, and may eventually lead to multiple cognitive domains impairment, even dementia.

Continuous cooling transformation behaviors of low carbon steels with two Si contents (0.50% and 1. 35%) were investigated under undeformed and deformed conditions. Effects of Si contents, deformation, and cooling rates on y transformation start temperature (A,r3), phase microstructures, and hardness were studied. The results show that, in the case of the deformation with the true strain of 0. 4, the length of bainitic ferrite laths is significantly decreased in low Si steel, whereas, the M/A constituent becomes more uniform in high Si steel. An increase in cooling rates lowers the A,r3 greatly. The steel with higher level of Si exhibits higher A,r3, and higher hardness both under undeformed and deformed conditions compared with the steel with a lower Si content. Especially, the influence of Si on Ar3 is dependent on deformation. Such effects are more significant under the undeformed condition. The hardness of both steels increases with the increase of cooling rates, whereas, the deformation involved in both steels reduces the hardness.