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A catalytic diastereo- and enantiocontrolled preparation of cis -β-fluorocyclopropane carboxylates through the Rh-catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenyl fluorides with diazoarylacetates has been realized. Rh 2 ( S -DOSP) 4 and benzyl diazoarylacetates were found to be beneficial to the cyclopropanation with high diastereoselectivity. Thirteen cis -β-fluorocyclopropane carboxylates were prepared in hexane at 0 °C with good to excellent yields. The enantiomeric excess was up to 97%, and the diastereomer ratio was up to 95:5.

Function of biological material refers to the activity of biological materials affect biochemical or physiological process, which composed by the materials and the active components is carried by the materials. Collagen material is widely used as a biomaterial, and growth factor could promote cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, so often used activation collagen material. By means of gene engineering technology in growth factor on the collagen binding domain (CBD), growth factor binds to collagen materials prepare the specific growth factor, directional anchored to the formation of collagen biomaterials collagen materials.

Adsorption treatment test was carried out using powder activated carbon (PAC for short) and coconut shell activated carbon (SAC for short) taking water contaminated by military agent as the object of study in order to study on the influences of type, dosage, adsorption time, pH value and initial solution concentration of adsorbent on adsorption effect and to discuss about adsorption mechanisms of activated carbon.

The information management is a crucial mission for a virtual industry in such a competitive market environment. The typical characteristic of information management is distribution, autonomy and co-operation. Based on an on-going ESPRIT project (X-CITTIC), The author presents a distributed information management architecture for production planning and control in a virtual enterprises of semiconductor manufacturing. Object technologies are widely used in its design and implementation. A detailed structure of the components in the architecture, called information managers, is also suggested and introduced. Each information manager has three elements: a data object server, a database and a group of meta-objects. The information management can provide not only basic services (e.g. read and write) but also advanced services (e.g. notification, security control, subscription and data sending). Finally the present X-CITTIC information management system is detailed introduced.

Remote sensing satellite images can intuitively reflect the information of the Earth's surface. The computer image processing system is of the advantages of high-precision and low-cost. It has a strong application value to study the computer processing system of remote sensing satellite image. The paper first discussed the design principles of the computer processing system and the implementation of its workflow, and then the application of the image processing system is briefly analyzed.

As an advanced machining technology, virtual manufacturing has been regarded as an useful tool to carry out analysis and research work with digital model instead of practical manufacture. For the virtual manufacturing process, it is a mapping of the practical machining in computer virtual environment, no real production is created and without material or power wasting. Several typical definition of virtual manufacturing dominate in this fields were listed out, based on which expressed an explicit interpretation. Main features and three type of virtual manufacturing, such as design-centered, machine-centered and control centered virtual manufacturing were analysed respectively. The virtual manufacturing system, supported by cutter tool magazine, pallet storage, production database, material storage and NC storage, have been demonstrated in an architecture figure. Finally, the author concluded the important role of virtual manufacturing and illustrated an example of applying virtual manufacturing in five-axis machining process.

The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is opening new horizons in systems intelligence, where physical objects (embedded with sensory, identification and networking capabilities) can interact with other objects through the global infrastructure of wireless/wired Internet. These systems can be monitored and controlled by filtering and processing collected data. Such intelligent design will naturally result in efficient and cost effective systems. The concept of IOT and the architecture of IOT are discussed. The key technologies of IOT, including Radio Frequency Identification technology, Electronic Product Code technology are analyzed. The framework of digital agriculture application based on IOT is proposed.

The influences of coagulant species, dose, water turbidity, and pollution situation of raw water on the results of enhanced coagulation have been investigated targeted at water contaminated by chemical agent. Ferric trichloride and polymeric aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) acted as coagulant, poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (HCA) worked as coagulant aid and paraoxon acted as simulation agent of chemical agent VX in this process. The results show that: enhanced coagulation process cannot remove effectively chemical agent (paraoxon) in raw water; the result of treatment by PAFC and PAFC+HCA is better than that by FeCl3 and FeCl3+HCA; the addition of certain amount of HCA based on the condition that coagulant has been added will improve removal rate of both chemical agent and turbidity; the bigger the turbidity of raw water is, the higher the removal rate of paraoxon will be.

The paper concluded the Grammatical Structure and standardized application in VRML, summarized the method of realizing complex modeling by using ElevationGrid node, and gave the test program based on the method, and then served for the complex modeling of VRML.

In this paper, the model of Buck Converter in DCM is built based on the theories of Hybrid Systems and Switched Linear Systems firstly. Then the output controllability of Buck Converter is studied and its sufficient and necessary condition is given. In the end, the simulation analysis and verification are provided. The research results indicate that the output of Buck Converter can be stabilized at the setting value when the condition of output controllability is satisfied, on the contrary, the output can't be controlled stably.

The Internet of Things (IoT) implies a symbiotic interaction among the real/physical, the digital/virtual worlds. Internet of Things is an integrated part of Future Internet and could be defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual things have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. In order to think of the possible applications for the Internet of Things, we list out the main application domains. The characteristics of each domain and some indicative examples are presented. Some existing Applications of IoT are also discussed in this paper.

It is important for human-computer interaction smoothly with viewpoint controlling in complex virtual space based on VRML. Analyses the application characters of viewpoint during the realization of 3D models with VRML, and researches the methods of viewpoint control from the point of the viewpoint interactive technology of 3D models, focuses on approach of viewpoint control using Viewpoint node and NavigationInfo node, and provides the demos of the relevant VRML programs.

Super-hard tool material is a main research point of mechanical engineering because of excellent performance. The development of technology for high-speed cutting process could enhance the machining quality and surface precision. It is a difficulty thing to get higher finished surface for traditional machining process. However, the super-hard cutter material could enhance the finished performance of tool material. For example, the wearing resistance, high stability of PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and PCBN (poly cubic boron nitride) can get more information for obtaining higher finished surface quality. The author introduces super-hard cutters materials (PCD and PCBN) development, and discusses several material properties. The features of materials used in different cutting fields are discussed.

Studying the deformation and fracture properties of soft materials can not only provide insight into the physical mechanisms underlying their superior properties and functions but also benefit the design and fabrication of rubberlike materials. In this paper, an application of the experimental digital moire method to determine the damage zone around crack tip for rubberlike material is presented. The measurement principles and the basic procedures of the method are explained in detail. The in-plane defomation distributions of crack tip fields under Mode I fracture condition are measured. In addition, the deformation of crack tip fields in the damage zones is also analyzed using the sector division mode. Finally, an analysis of the damage zone is proposed to describe crack-tip fields in rubber-like materials with large deformation.

A method based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) combined with solid phase extraction (SPE) was developed and validated for qualitative and quantitative detection of eight parabens in three types of water-based food simulants including distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% alcohol. Detection limits of eight parabens after SPE procedure were 0.005-0.010 μg/L in distilled water, 0.006-0.015 μg/L in 3% acetic acid and 0.005-0.017 μg/L in 10% alcohol. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 1.90-8.48% for distilled wsater, 1.01-3.73% for 3% acetic acid and 5.78-12.97% for 10% alcohol. The method could make a complement for detecting parabens migrated to food and feeds.

It is possible to model and evaluate avatar-included virtual environment in the condition of advanced hardware and software technologies of digital 3D. In traditional design and evaluation, there is no interaction between digital virtual scene and avatars, and no dynamic modifying options for virtual scene. Interaction and dynamic design option are the most important functions for virtual reality simulation. The paper presented the modeling method of avatar-included virtual scene first, discussed the method of testing and evaluating for it secondly. The research can assist and support realization of avatar-included virtual scene real-time interaction, testing and evaluating for stability, security and humanoid.

Discussed the key effects and basic principles of data fusion of remote sensing for realizing plants virtual reality simulation. Focused on researching and presenting the general methods of data fusion of remote sensing, application interfaces, and 3D visual display of virtual plants. Through the research, the visual display of visual plants will be realized with full remote sensing interfaces of real-time transferring and intervening.

The paper presented a conventional sequential Structure from Motion method, introduced the algebraic concepts and the core techniques used effectively. It is especially essential to comprehend the static scene based sequential of Structure from Motion is extended to a simultaneous segmentation and reconstruction scheme for dynamic scenes. The first outcome is the multiple view geometry, the second is the feature tracking and geometry initializing, and the last is self-calibration.

Security and stability are important for interactive behavior of virtual object in the virtual environment. To achieving a effective method for region limit to all virtual models is the key to secure and stable virtual environment. The paper analyzed the principle and approach of limit to model behavior region, presented a method based on VRML with validations. The method is effective for safe, stable human-computer interaction in virtual environment, and served for VR-based products design, process approach, and accurate evaluation.

An azobenzene-containing molecularly imprinting polymer microsphere with photoresponsive binding properties toward 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was successful prepared via silica surface polymerization. The number-average diameters of silica and imprinting polymer microsphere are 0.5 and 0.7 μm, respectively. The static adsorption, binding and selectivity experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption properties and recognition characteristics of the polymers for 2,4-D. The equilibrium adsorptive experiments indicated that 2,4-D-SMIP(surface molecularly imprinted polymers) has significantly higher adsorption capacity for 2,4-D than its nonimprinted polymers (SNIP).The binding constant Kd and apparent maximum number Qmax of the imprinted polymer were determined by Scatchard analysis as 0.054 mmol L−1 and 0.167 mmol g−1, respectively. The result of photoregulated release and uptake of 2,4-D experiment demonstrated that azo-containing SMIP can make use of light and change it into mechanical properties to release and take up the template molecules. It means that the SMIP can be controlled by light. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 869-876, 2013

We developed a novel type of azobenzene-containing photoresponsive molecule-imprinted silica microspheres. Ibuprofen and activated silica particles were used as template molecules and substrates, respectively. Pre-synthesized azobenzene-based monomers were chemically bonded on the surface of silica particles. Template–monomer complexes were formed relying on hydrogen bonding. Then skin layer was formed by graft polymerization of azobenzene-based monomers. After that, ibuprofen molecules were removed from their embedded spaces. The vacant spaces on the surface of particles were easily accessible for the template molecules. Furthermore, photoinduced trans–cis isomerization of azobenzene chromophores within imprinted vacant spaces was able to regulate their substrate affinity. The results demonstrated that the imprinted silica microspheres possessed obvious molecular imprinting effects towards the template ibuprofen, rather fast template rebinding kinetics, and appreciate selectivity over structurally related compounds.

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were synthesized on MB3 magnesium alloy substrate. Two different electrolyte (Ⅰ) and electrolyte (Ⅱ) were adopted, and the performance of ceramic coatings was compared. The morphology feature, phase composition, and chemical composition of the formed coatings were studied by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), XRD, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by salt spray test. The research results show that, the starting and terminal voltage are different during the oxidation process, they are 220V and 375V in the electrolyte (Ⅰ), and 150V and 270 V in electrolyte (Ⅱ). After MAO, The sample surface in electrolyte (Ⅰ) is light gray, and looks tender and smooth. The ceramic coatings obtained in electrolyte (Ⅱ) are relative rough and white in colour. But MAO coatings obtained in electrolyte (Ⅱ) has higher deposition rate. Salt spray test show the corrosion resistance of samples obtained in electrolyte (Ⅱ) are better than those in electrolyte (Ⅰ), which is related to the thickness of the MAO coatings.

Resonant pattern in ellipsoidal microwave cavities were analyzed systematically in this article. Electric field distribution in cavities with different sizes was calculated by the finite difference time-domain method (FDTD). The results of the simulation show that, the microwave fed in though antenna, two different transmission patterns be formed in the microwave cavities, when the R and Z were properly chosen．In the first case, only one strong electric field area was formed at the bottom of the ellipsoidal cavity. For the second case, two main strong electric-field areas around the focal points, resonant series “TM0mn” mode were also found, the size of ellipsoid resonant cavities reveals obvious regularity in the resonant series, the electric-field shape of a resonant mode is similar with each other except that the intensity of the two main strong electric-field areas. In the same resonant mode, z has a good linear correlation with r. the research results of the ellipsoidal microwave cavities with two main strong electric-field areas will provide more choices for design new plasma reactors.

It is the key process for developing usability of virtual reality simulation of vegetation taking into account soil, chemistry elements of water, temperature and humidity of land surface, and lighting. Retrieving the characteristics of vegetation from remote sensing data effectively and exactly, building the relationship between remote sensing data and interfaces of VR-vegetation models are important. The paper discusses dense vegetation model, nondense vegetation model, and two-stream approximation model applied for LAI retrieving, analyzes the efficiency of the methods; presents the process and method of LAI retrieving based on FPAR. The research offers the key methods and theoretic support for virtual reality simulation of vegetation based on spatial remote sensing information. The research is the primary work of digital agriculture, and important for monitoring corn growth and estimating in northeast of China.

This study was made to investigate the clinical effects of repairing lower limb defects with an improved retrograde sural nerve flap. From November 1996 to September 2010, a total of 56 patients with soft-tissue defects of the lower limb received improved retrograde sural neurocutaneous flap repair. There were 21 women and 35 men ranging in age from 12-73 years (average age 45.9). Eight patients had dorsal foot defects, five patients had foot bottom defects, four patients had heel defects, six patients had defects around the ankle, and 15 patients had defects below the lower third of the leg. Of these, 10 patients had exposed wounds and six cases had exposed tendons. The size of the surgical repair was between ∼6 cm × 5 cm and ∼25 cm × 9 cm. Four patients retained the donor's sural neurovascular flap and normal sural nerve function, and 10 patients retained the retrograde sural neurovascular flap with a thin layer of muscle. All grafted flaps survived in all 56 patients. Patient follow-up lasted between 3 months and 3 years. The shape and function of their lower limbs were satisfactory. Two-point discrimination detection in the donor area and nerve-control area revealed that the sensory function recovered well in the four patients with retained nerves. The partial necrosis of the distal flap in two patients healed successfully after dressing, and no other adverse reactions or complications were observed. Through clinical treatment of the 56 patients, good experience was accumulated. The operation methods made the flap blood supply more abundant, improved the survival rate, and retained the sensory function of the donor site of the lower limb flap. This reduced the damage to the donor site and made the operation safer.

Glycosylation plays a major role in the diversity in the chemical compositions of flavonoids. In this study, we performed biochemical and molecular assays to identify a glucosyltransferase gene responsible for the anthocyanin composition in litchi. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were predominant anthocyanins in the red pericarp and young leaf of litchi. Anthocyanin composition varied among litchi varieties. Anthocyanin profile was primarily determined by genetic factors. Higher activities of UDP-rhamnose: cyanidin-3-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase (CGRT) were detected in the pericarps of the cyanidin-3-rutinoside predominant varieties. Three full-length putative UDP-rhamnose: flavonoid glycoside 2″-O-beta-l-rhamnosyltransferase-like genes were isolated and designated as LcFGRT2, LcFGRT4, and LcFGRT5. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were clustered with other glucoside-glycosyltransferases. Notable activities in catalyzing cyanidin-3-rutinoside formation were observed in extracts of tobacco leaves and yeast with heterologous expression of LcFGRT4. However, the expression pattern of LcFGRT4 did not agree with the CGRT activity. This result suggests that the difference in CGRT among varieties occurred post-transcriptionally. Nucleotide variation in LcFGRT4 was surveyed by sequencing 30 litchi accessions with different anthocyanin profiles. Eight non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected. Type A LcFGRT4 sequence (LcFGRT4A) was observed in cyanidin-3-glucoside-dominant varieties, whereas type B LcFGRT4 sequence (LcFGRT4B) was detected in cyanidin-3-glucoside-dominant varieties. A mutant in 343 C/G polymorphism was targeted as the critical point responsible for the CGRT activity. Results indicated that a single-point mutation in LcFGRT4 could alter the activity of CGRT and may contribute to the diverse anthocyanin profile of litchi.

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a pathological scar that particularly occurs after traumatic injuries, surgical procedures and burning. Abnormal activation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) intensifies fibrosis during wound healing. Our previous studies demonstrated that recombinant human endostatin (rhEndostatin) prevented synovial thickening in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats via inhibition of proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis in synovial fibroblasts. However, the effect of this protein on HSF proliferation is not known. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of rhEndostatin on the proliferation of cultured HSFs in a rabbit ear model. MTT assay and flow cytometric detection were performed to investigate HSF proliferation and cell cycle progression, respectively. The expression levels of p53, p21, cyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in HSFs were detected using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Our data revealed that HSFs treated with rhEndostatin were significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 100mg/L. Also, rhEndostatin (100mg/L) primarily induced G0/G1 and partially G2/M cell cycle arrest of HSFs. There were significant decreases in the expression levels of p53, p27, CDK4, cyclinD1 and PCNA in HSFs treated with rhEndostatin. In conclusion, rhEndostatin inhibited HSF proliferation via G0/G1 and/or G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, which was partially due to the down-regulation of cyclinD1, CDK4 and PCNA. These findings suggest that rhEndostatin may reduce scar hypertrophy in vivo via inhibition of HSF proliferation and may be a novel agent for HS treatment.

Background Genetic manipulation of brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis or signaling is a promising strategy to improve crop yield and quality. However, the relationships between the BR-promoted growth and photosynthesis and the exact mechanism of BR-regulated photosynthetic capacity are not clear. Here, we generated transgenic tomato plants by overexpressing Dwarf, a BR biosynthetic gene that encodes the CYP85A1, and compared the photosynthetic capacity with the BR biosynthetic mutant dim and wild type. Results Overexpression of Dwarf promoted net photosynthetic rate (PN), whereas BR deficiency in dim led to a significant inhibition in PN as compared with WT. The activation status of RuBisCO, and the protein content and activity of RuBisCO activase, but not the total content and transcripts of RuBisCO were closely related to the endogenous BR levels in different genotypes. However, endogenous BR positively regulated the expression and activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Dwarf overexpression enhanced the activity of dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase, leading to a reduced redox status, whereas BR deficiency had the contrasting effects. In addition, BR induced a reduction of 2-cystein peroxiredoxin without altering the protein content. Conclusions BR plays a role in the regulation of photosynthesis. BR can increase the photosynthetic capacity by inducing a reduced redox status that maintains the activation states of Calvin cycle enzymes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0715-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Continuing our search for natural product-based compounds for the control of B. longissima Larvae, 25 stilbene analogs were synthesized and evaluated for insect antifeedant activity against third-instar larvae of B. longissima for the first time. Among all the tested compounds, especially compounds 3a, 3c, and 6 showed pronounced antifeedant activities with AFC50 values of 0.218, 0.327, and 0.226 mg/mL, respectively. The different antifeedant activity ranges of these compounds indicated that variation of chemical structures in the stilbene skeleton markedly affected the activity profiles of this compound class, and some important SAR information has been revealed from it. In addition, to understand the structural requirements for antifeedant activities of the 25 synthesized stilbene analogs, a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model, which yielded the leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated correlation coefficient (q2) of 0.533 and a non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.929, was constructed. Together, these preliminary results may be useful in guiding further modification of stilbenes in the development of potential new antifeedants.

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method was used for the surface modification of MB3 magnesium alloy. The morphology feature, phase composition, and chemical composition of the formed ceramic coatings were studied by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, respectively. Drop test has been applied to study the corrosion resistance of MB3 Mg alloy with and without micro-arc oxidation treatment. The present result indicates that, through MAO, ceramic coatings were in-situ fabricated on the surface of MB3 Mg alloy, the micro-arc oxidation coating is relatively dense and uniform, maximum thickness is more than 97μm. The dominant phase of the coating is spinal Mg2SiO4 (Forsterite) and dissociative MgO (Periclase). Drop test shows that after oxidation the corrosion resistance of MB3 Mg alloy is greatly improved.

Reverse engineering has become an important tool for CAD model construction from the data points, measured by a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), of an existing part. However, due to special structure and complex topology relation, obtaining full surface data of a prototype is not an easy thing and should carry out complex data process procedure to get global model. The paper presents a method for pre-processing data points for curve fitting in reverse engineering. The proposed method has been developed to process the measured data points before fitting into a B-spline form. The method is implemented and used for a practical application in reverse engineering. The result of the reconstruction proves the viability of the proposed method for integration with current commercial CAD systems.

A coated carbide cutting tool with its high hardness and high wear resistance, good chemical stability and extensive compatibility characteristics, is widely applied in the metal cutting processing field. It is one of the cutting tools, belonging to the current focus research and development project of all countries in the world. The author mainly studies the cutting force contrast between coated carbide cutting tools and not coated ones. At the same time study them on the rake face friction coefficient contrast and the chip deformation coefficient contrast so as to explain the reasons for coated cutting tool cutting force decrease. The research indicates that, in machining course, applying physical vapor deposition coated technology (PVD) of carbide cutting tools cutting force change with feeds, cutting depth and speed is the same as not coated carbide cutting tools. But coated carbide cutting tools cutting force is obviously less than that of not coated carbide cutting tools. The main reason is that the friction coefficient between the two kinds of cutting tool materials and the workpiece is different. The result of study will help popularization and application of coated carbide cutting tools.

Four novel spin-labelled combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) analogues were first synthesised in quantitative yield by reacting CA-4 with the corresponding nitroxyl radical. Their cytotoxic activities against A-549 (human lung cancer) and HePG-2 (human liver cancer) in vitro were evaluated, and the results indicated that these derivatives were more cytotoxic than the clinical drug irinotecan.

Laser device is an important apparatus that have been widely applied in various fields. The paper classified the laser device according to the different of working material forms and discussed the main characteristics. Main constitute of laser device is working material and excitation source. Adjusting measures of the resonant cavity is quite important for laser device, the author detailed discussed the operation procedure. As to the maintenance of the cooling system, the author also discussed the manipulate steps.

LabVIEW is a graphical programming environment used by millions of engineers and scientists to develop sophisticated measurement, test, and control systems using intuitive graphical icons and wires that resemble a flowchart. It offers unrivaled integration with thousands of hardware devices and provides hundreds of built-in libraries for advanced analysis and data visualization, all for creating virtual instrumentation.The paper discussed the main features of virtual instrumetation and listed the main industrial applications. The research and analysis is the key function of LabVIEW software and has been detailed summarized. Finally, the author discussed the future development of LabVIEW software.

Take Songzao mining area in Chongqing for example, the damage situation of coal mining subsidence land in mountainous area was studied, optimum evaluation indexes for damage situation of land was selected by discussing existing evaluation indexes, and the contestant standard formed by using Delphi method, and grade of damage situation of coal mining subsidence land was confirmed by overlying analytical method of GIS raster data. The results showed that the degree of land destruction most belong to slight and middle damage, the relatively serious damage forms were collapse pit and collapse crack, and the degree of land destruction tends to weaken gradually from mining center to edge. There was a positive correlation between the degree of land destruction and mining degree.

The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen brought us the attention to "low-carbon, energy saving". For economic sustainable economic development, energy conservation and environmental protection must be an important strategic move. Sports as a healthy way of life should respond positively to low-carbon energy fitness concept, promote energy-saving environmental protection under the fitness movement, advocate scientific fitness, and create a rich atmosphere in the sports and fitness aspects of environmental protection. Sports should make a meaningful contribution to energy conservation, carbon emission reduction and environment protection.

Based on fillers theory and traditional A/O-MBR theory, anoxic/aerobic hybrid membrane bioreactor system (A/O-HMBR for short) was modified by adding suspended biological fillers in one of the aerobic tanks of the traditional A/O-MBR, in which the filling ratio of fillers was 8%. The thesis mainly studies the nitrogen removal effect in the A/O-HMBR system when the main influence parameters, such as influent C/N(5,7,10), aeration intensity(15m3/h,20m3/h,25m3/h) and HRT(5h,8h,11h), were changed.The experimental results show that when HRT was 8h, C/N was 7, and aeration intensity was 20m3/h, TN removal effect was best.

The anchorage force loss of the prestressed anchor rope results in reduction or loss of anchorage force, which poses an enormous threat to the project safety. In the conceptual design process, factors like the system , structure, spacing and tonnage of anchorage, and properties of rock and soil should be considered and measures should be taken to effectively control or reduce the effect of the anchorage force loss, which possesses great theoretical and practical significance on the design, construction , safety and social-economic benefits of the anchorage project. Finally, the validity and reliability of design measure was proved by an engineering example.

In this paper variance of preformance function is calculated according to law of covariance propagation and matrix algorithm is used to calculate reliability index of structures in generalized random space, which is applicable to independent and correlative random variable, linear or nonlinear limit state equation. The given example has shown that the proposed method is very simple and convenient.

This paper used A/O-MBR wastewater treatment system,which was the combination of membrane technology and the A/O treatment process, which took experiments on the campus sewage, the study was made on the influence of phosphorus removal effect and membrane fouling by adding aluminum salt to the system. The result implied that the phosphorus removal effect of the system was improved significantly after adding aluminum salt. Observation was also taken on when TMP reached the limit value in A/O-MBR system and Al2(SO4)3-A/O-MBR system respectively, which showed that the stable operation time of the reactor that added Al2(SO4)3 was longer.

The reducer device is a complicated mechanical system composed by several important components, which should establish model before manufacture and carry out dynamic simulation of movement mechanism. It could assemble component model into mechanical system by using the assembly module of Solidworks. Compared with three-dimensional assembly modeling processes that was created by the traditional CAD. This study has calculated and listed the key parameters of mechanical design and established a full model of assembly. The resulting model contribute to technical analysis for future manufacture.

With the development of modern high technology, the request of exploring material of the request has been a high demand for researchers. Along with the understanding of microscopic structure and macro structure for material property, people have can theoretically predicted with special structure and function of the material system, thus designed more to meet the requirements of new material. In the rapid development of the computer technology today, the computer simulation has become an efficiency tool for solving practical problems in materials science. This paper has detailed described the basic principle of computer simulation and then provide an example to show the research work flow of computer simulation. This example can calculate the shear and bending moment of beam under simple load condition. The research contribute to apply the simulation method in material science.

The development of green cutting technology could brought higher finished quality and lower energy consumption. Therefore, the research of green cutting technology has received much attention from researchers. According to constitution of cutting process, green cutting technology is divided into dry cutting technology, trace lubrication cutting technology, low temperature cold wind cutting technology and gas jet cutting technology. The author summarized the typical characteristics of four main cutting technologies and respectively discussed them. Finally, the author has given a detailed demonstration of the application of green cutting technology.