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Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes with well-defined channels show great promise in molecular separation. The mass transfer paths include both interlayer and cross-layer channels; however, previous studies mainly focused on interlayer channels. Herein, g-C3N4 nanosheets with various lateral sizes and thicknesses were edge-functionalized by hydrophilic (–OH) or hydrophobic (–OOCCH3) groups and utilized as building blocks for lamellar membranes. In this way, the hydrophilicity, length, and thickness of cross-layer channels were subtly tuned. We demonstrated that the cross-layer channels display a 'gate effect' to govern molecular selectivity while the interlayer channels determine the molecular transport rate. Membranes with hydrophilic/hydrophobic heterostructured channels acquire highly elevated polar solvent permeance and polar/nonpolar solvent selectivity, and this 'gate effect' can be intensified by increasing the thickness and total length of the cross-layer channels. The acetonitrile permeance and acetonitrile/toluene separation factor reach as high as 2128 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 12.7, respectively. This study may represent the first example to identify the contribution of cross-layer channels within lamellar membranes, paving a way to designing efficient 2D nanochannel membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Wheat bran was fermented at 28 °C for 7 days under 70% humidity by Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus awamori. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the unfermented sample was 1531.5 μg g−1 wheat bran. After the fermentation of Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger, TPC reached 5362.1, 7462.6 and 10 707.5 μg g−1, respectively. The antioxidant activity in the extractions of fermented wheat bran also increased significantly compared with the unfermented sample (P < 0.05). Aspergillus niger showed the greatest capacity to release bound ferulic acid (416.6 μg g−1). Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus awamori had the advantages of releasing more chlorogenic acid (84.0 μg g−1) and syringic acid (142.3 μg g−1), respectively. The destructive effect of Aspergillus niger on wheat bran structure was the strongest, followed by that of Aspergillus oryzae. This effect of Aspergillus niger may be due to its higher cellulase, xylanase, arabinofuranosidase and β‐xylosidase activities. Besides, Aspergillus oryzae possessed higher β‐glucosidase activity, and Aspergillus awamori had higher α‐amylase and feruloyl esterase activities. Aspergillus niger may be the best to release bound phenolic acids in the three Aspergillus species. These will provide the helpful information for understanding mechanism of the fermentation by Aspergillus species releasing bound phenolic in wheat bran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling Radopholus similis, an important phytopathogenic nematode, is a challenge worldwide. Herein, we constructed a metagenomic fosmid library from the rhizosphere soil of banana plants, and six clones with protease activity were obtained by functionally screening the library. Furthermore, subclones were constructed using the six clones, and three protease genes with nematicidal activity were identified: pase1, pase4, and pase6. The pase4 gene was successfully cloned and expressed, demonstrating that the protease PASE4 could effectively degrade R. similis tissues and result in nematode death. Additionally, we isolated a predominant R. similis-associated bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens (pf36), from 10 R. similis populations with different hosts. The pase4 gene was successfully introduced into the pf36 strain by vector transformation and conjugative transposition, and two genetically modified strains were obtained: p4MCS-pf36 and p4Tn5-pf36. p4MCS-pf36 had significantly higher protease expression and nematicidal activity (p < 0.05) than p4Tn5-pf36 in a microtiter plate assay, whereas p4Tn5-pf36 was superior to p4MCS-pf36 in terms of genetic stability and controlling R. similis in growth pot tests. This study confirmed that R. similis is inhibited by the associated bacterium pf36-mediated expression of nematicidal proteases. Herein, a novel approach is provided for the study and development of efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable biocontrol techniques against phytonematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberry leaf protein fractions were extracted by the ultrasonic cell disrupter-assisted Osborne method. The physicochemical, functional properties, and antioxidant activities of mulberry leaf protein fractions were investigated. Albumin and glutelin were the predominant fractions and contained higher contents of essential amino acids (above 300 g kg−1). The solubility, water holding capacity, and emulsion stability of mulberry leaf protein fractions followed an order of albumin > globulin > glutelin > prolamin. All fractions exhibited significantly higher oil-holding capacity than soy protein isolates (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the radical scavenging activities of albumin were comparable to that of L-glutathione. Therefore, mulberry leaf protein fractions especially albumin showed encouraging functional properties and antioxidant activities, and could be considered as potential food ingredients and antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamellar Ionic Liquid Composite Electrolyte for Wide-Temperature Solid-State Lithium-Metal Battery (Adv. Hopping transport pathways, lamellar composite electrolytes, nanocrystalline ionic liquids, solid-state lithium batteries, wide-temperature range Keywords: hopping transport pathways; lamellar composite electrolytes; nanocrystalline ionic liquids; solid-state lithium batteries; wide-temperature range EN hopping transport pathways lamellar composite electrolytes nanocrystalline ionic liquids solid-state lithium batteries wide-temperature range 1 1 1 06/20/23 20230616 NES 230616 B Lithium Metal Batteries b In article number 2300156, Jingtao Wang, Zhongyi Jiang, and co-workers propose a thin lamellar ionic liquid composite electrolyte with long-range ordered, defect-free, and robust nanocrystalline channels by manipulating the molecular configuration of ionic liquid electrolytes in 2D laminar channels, achieving rapid lithium-ion transport and excellent pouch cell performance in -40 - 100 °C. [Extracted from the article]

The industrial Internet connects equipment to the network and utilizes the data generated to assist businesses. Industrial big data is the result of data accumulation; thus, the industrial Internet has to adopt new technologies—namely, software-defined industrial networks (SDIN) —to keep up with these developments. This study suggests a deep differential privacy data protection algorithm based on SDIN. The deep learning model is analyzed and integrated with differential privacy to provide the process framework for the deep differential privacy data protection algorithm. The equivalent model of the generative adversarial network is used to allow the attacker to obtain the optimal fake samples. The balance between dataset availability and privacy protection is achieved by implementing parameter tuning on the deep differential privacy model. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has strong industrial data privacy protection and high data availability and can effectively guarantee the privacy security of industrial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]