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Phyllophaga (Listrochelus) pinophilus Morón and Woodruff, new species (Figures 15-21) Description. Holotype male. Total body length: 11.8 mm. Humeral width: 4.7 mm. Head and pronotum shiny, reddish brown; elytra shiny, yellowish brown; abdomen and legs shiny reddish brown. Clypeus glabrous, 1.5 times wider than long, anterior border slightly elevated, anterior margin broadly curved, slightly sinuate at middle, disk nearly flattened, slightly rising at middle, with numerous round punctures, separated nearly 1 diameter from each other. Frontoclypeal suture clearly impressed, slightly sinuate at middle. Frons 1.2 times wider than long, nearly flattened, glabrous, with many round punctures irregularly distributed; occipital carina well-marked, occipital surface with scattered punctures, mainly at sides (Fig. 15). Antenna with 10antennomeres and 3- lamellate club, lamellae 2.8 times longer than length of preceding 5 antennomeres combined; antennomeres 3 and 4 equal in length; antennomeres 5 and 6 shorter than preceding, each with prominence on anterior side, segment 7 much short, hidden at base of antennal club. Frons 3.3 times wider than dorsal diameter of eye. Eye canthus long, narrow, with 9 setae (Fig. 15). Labrum reniform, broadly concave, with scattered setae along borders. Mentum shallowly concave, with scarce punctures and slender setae at sides,anterior border slightly sinuate. Pronotum 1.7 times wider than long and 2.5 times wider than frons. Pronotal disk glabrous, with small, round punctures regularly distributed, except along smooth midline; anterior bead narrowed, complete, without setae; lateral borders broadly angled, lateral marginal bead clearly crenulate, with slender, long setae; basal bead very thin, but complete, without setae; anterior angles broadly obtuse, rounded; posterior angles broadly obtuse, not prominent (Fig. 15). Scutellum 1.2 times wider than long, with punctures on posterior half; anterior border broadly sinuate, with many short setae. Elytron 2.5 times longer than wide, shiny, glabrous, with abundant punctures irregularly distributed on disk; epipleural border progressively narrowed toward apex, with irregular row of slender, short setae; humeral callus rounded, prominent; apical callus rounded. Metathoracic wings completely developed. Pterosternum with many yellowish, long setae. Visible abdominal sternites 2 to 5 with white pruinosity and scattered yellow setae at sides, slightly convex at middle; anal plate wide, convex, with row of short setae along posterior border. Propygidium shiny, with many small punctures and some minute setae. Pygidium shiny, widely convex, glabrous, with numerous, shallow punctures regularly distributed; apical margin with 16 slender, short setae; basal margin narrow, not distinct at sides. Protibia slightly shorter than protarsus (0.8:1), with 2 large teeth and 1 basal small tooth on external border, preapical spur acute, straight, as long as 2nd protarsomere. Mesotibia with an oblique, wellmarked, setiferous carina and small setiferous teeth on external side; upper apical spur with acute apex, longer than lower spur. Metatibia as long as metatarsus (1:1), with an oblique setiferous carina and small setiferous tooth on external side; upper apical spur articulated, straight, sharply pointed, longer than basal metatarsomere, and 1.4 times longer than lower spur; lower apical spur articulated, slightly curved, apex rounded. Protarsomeres 1-4 semicylindrical elongate with enlarged apex, with scattered ventral setae and crown of apical setae. Meso- and meta tarsomeres semicylindrical, elongate, with enlarged apex and crown of apical setae, and a narrow keel along ventral side, with scattered erect setae. Ventral border of tarsal claws serrate, with acute, small tooth near middle (Fig. 16). Genital capsule with short, widened, curved parameres fused dorsally, apex narrowed (Fig. 17, 19- 21). Aedeagus with sclerotized tube-like support with apex deeply cleft at each side (Fig. 19-20); inner sac membranous with scarce minute spines. Tectum strongly convex. Length of genital capsule from apex of parameres to border of basal piece: 3.1 mm. Allotype female. Similar to male except as follows: total body length: 13.3 mm. Humeral width: 5.4 mm.; antennal club slightly longer than preceding 5 antennomeres combined; pronotal punctuation deeper; anal plate slightly longer; pygidium smaller, less convex. Ventral and dorsal genital plates sclerotized, fused distally, nearly symmetrical, convex, with slightly rounded distal border, with 3-4 setae near lateral angles (Fig. 18). Variation. Body length varies from 11.2 mm to 13.7 mm in length and 4.3 to 5.9 mm in humeral width. Color of elytra varies from yellowish to reddish brown. Type Series. (Described from 22 males and 18 females). Holotype male; MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Cerro del Potosí (base), 2 km del ejido 18 de marzo, 1-VII-1969, en pino agujas cortas, J. M. Mathieu and M. W. Sanderson (FSCA). Paratypes (21 males, 18 females): same data as holotype, (4 males, 5 females FSCA, 2 pairs IEXA, 2 pairs MXAL); Nuevo Leon, Zaragoza, Sierra de Guacamayas, 2/ 3-VII-1969, hospedero Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera Shaw, J. M. Mathieu and M. W. Sanderson (1 male, 1 female IEXA); Nuevo Leon: 6 km S Galeana, 30-VI-1969, J. M. Mathieu and M. W. Sanderson (2 males FSCA, 2 males CMNC, 2 males MXAL); Nuevo Leon: 7 km S Galeana, 3-VIII-1968, en Pinus montezuma, J. M. Mathieu y C. Reyes (4 females FSCA, 1 pair IEXA, 1 pair MXAL); Coahuila, Sierra de La Encantada, rancho La Encantada, 16-VII-1969, en Pinus cembroides, J. M. Mathieu, M. W. Sanderson and E. Friezer (1 female FSCA,); same data except 17-VII-1969, en pino piñonero (1 male IEXA, 2 males IEXA); same data except: en Quercus mohriana (1 pair FSCA). Type Locality. Cerro Potosí, Galeana municipality, state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico (24°51' 12”N; 100° 13' 35” W). Biological Data. This species inhabits pine-oak forests located at 2300-3100 m elevation in the mountains between Sierra de la Encantada, Coahuila and the region of Galeana, Nuevo Leon, including Cerro Potosi. Studied specimens were obtained during July (32) and August (8), frequently in coupling pairs, most of them on the needles of Pinus ayacahuite Ehr., P. montezuma Lamb. and P. cembroides Zucc. (rarely on leaves of Quercus mohriana Buckl.ex Rydb.). Remarks. Phyllophaga (L.) pinophilus is a member of the “parilis” species group (sensu Morón, 1986) possessing similar genitalia, except that the sclerotized support of the aedeagus is nearly symmetrical. The shortened parameres are as in other members of this group, but the form of its apical half, broadly angled and latero-basally prominent, is clearly different from other species in the subgenus. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Latin pinus, pine, and ancient Greek philos, loving, fond of (Jaeger 1955), in reference to its host., Published as part of Morón, Miguel-Ángel & Woodruff, Robert E., 2014, New Species of Phyllophaga Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from northeastern Mexico., pp. 1-9 in Insecta Mundi 2014 (328) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5178414, {"references":["Moron, M. A. 1986. El genero Phyllophaga en Mexico. Morfologia, distribucion y sistematica supraespecifica. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico. 341 p.","Jaeger, E. C. 1955. A source-book of biological names and terms. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. 323 p."]}

Phyllophaga (Phyllophaga) jeanmathieui Morón and Woodruff, new species (Figures 9-14) Description. Holotype male. Total body length: 20.0 mm. Humeral width: 8.4 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, abdomen and legs shiny, dark to reddish brown. Clypeus with scattered erect short setae, 3.3 times wider than long, anterior border slightly elevated, anterior margin broadly notched, disk surface convex, coarsely rugo-punctuate. Frontoclypeal suture nearly straight, partially hidden by coarse punctures. Frons 2.2 times wider than long, convex, densely rugo-punctuate with sparse medium size erect setae on disk. Antenna with 10 antennomeres and 3- lamellate club, lamellae 1.2 times longer than length of preceding 5 antennomeres combined; antennomeres 3 and 4 each with same length, antennomere 5 as long as preceding but slightly wider; antennomere 6 much shorter than 5 with rounded prominence on anterior side; antennomere 7 as short as preceding but anterior prominence slightly flattened. Frons 5 times wider than dorsal diameter of eye (Fig. 9) Eye canthus long, narrowed, with 9 setae. Labrum bilobed, deeply notched, with setae along borders. Mentum concave, with scarce punctures and slender setae at sides, anterior border slightly notched. Pronotum 1.6 times wider than long and 1.8 times wider than frons. Pronotal disk with many round punctures irregularly separated by 1-5 diameters, each puncture with minute seta; anterior bead complete, narrowed, with long, slender setae; lateral borders broadly angled, lateral marginal bead narrow, strongly crenulate, with slender, long setae; basal bead weakly impressed at sides, but indicated by regular row of punctures with long setae on middle third; anterior angles slightly obtuse, prominent; posterior angles broadly obtuse, weakly prominent (Fig. 9). Scutellum 1.6 times wider than long, glabrous, without punctures; anterior border broadly sinuate. Elytron 2.8 times longer than wide, with punctures densely and irregularly distributed on disk, virtually glabrous, with whitish pruinosity on central part of first elytral interstria, and some scattered rows of short setae near lateral borders; epipleural border progressively narrowed toward apex, with some long setae near basal end; humeral callus rounded, prominent; apical callus rounded. Metathoracic wings completely developed. Pterosternum with many yellowish, long setae. Visible abdominal sternites 2 to 5 with weak white pruinosity and scattered yellow setae at sides, sternites 2 to 4 broadly convex at middle, shiny, glabrous; sternite 5 with scattered punctures and short setae on posterior half, and transverse depression near posterior border; anal plate short, shallowly excavated, with narrow basal and distal margins and scattered erect setae on each side. Propygidium with whitish pruinosity, densely punctuate, with many minute setae. Pygidium shiny, broadly convex, with numerous rounded punctures, and short, erect setae, regularly distributed; apical margin with 10 slender setae; basal margin narrow, not distinct at middle. Protibia slightly shorter than protarsus (0.9:1), with 2 large teeth and a basal small tooth on external border, preapical spur with rounded apex, straight, as long as 2nd protarsomere. Mesotibia with an oblique, well-marked, setiferous carina and small setiferous teeth on external side; lower apical spur with acute apex, shorter than upper spur (broken). Metatibia shorter than metatarsus (1:1.3), with an oblique transverse setiferous carina and small setiferous tooth on external side; upper apical spur articulated, slightly curved, apex rounded, nearly as long as basal metatarsomere, and 1.3 longer than lower spur; lower apical spur articulated, nearly straight, apex rounded. Protarsomeres 1-4 semicylindrical elongate with enlarged apex, with scattered ventral setae and crown of apical setae; tarsomeres 1-2 each with ventro-apical short tubercle. Meso- and metatarsomeres semicylindrical, elongate, with enlarged apex, crown of apical setae; mesotarsomeres with a row of scattered setae along ventral side; metatarsomeres with 2 rows of stout setae ventrally. Tarsal claws dentate, with ventral tooth long, acute, located near the middle of ventral border (Fig. 10). Genital capsule with short, distally widened parameres not fused dorsally or ventrally, each apex with small rounded tooth (Fig. 11-14). Aedeagus with narrow sclerotized tube- like support with preapical slender spine on each side; inner sac membranous with microscopic granules (Fig. 13-14). Tectum wide, uniformly convex. Length of genital capsule from apex of parameres to border of basal piece: 6.2 mm. Female. Unknown. Type Series. (Described from 1 male). Holotype; MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Sierra de Anahuac, Mesa de Chipinque, 21-VI-1969, trampa luz negra, J. Mathieu and M. W. Sanderson (FSCA). Type Locality. Mesa de Chipinque, Monterrey municipality, state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico (25°36' 49”N; 100° 18' 29” W). Biological Data. This species inhabits pine-oak forests located at 600 m of elevation near Monterrey city. The only known specimen was obtained during June, attracted by black light trap. Remarks. Phyllophaga jeanmathieui is closely similar to the ungrouped species P. regiomontana Morón, but the body of P. regiomontana is more slender, has rows of long setae at each side of elytral suture, and scattered long setae near lateral and apical borders (Morón 2001), also the shape of parameres is distinct, with acute apical spines directed externally. Etymology. Respectfully, we named this new species for Jean M. Mathieu, enthusiastic Mexican collector of beetles who studied many interesting species of Phyllophaga in northern Mexico., Published as part of Morón, Miguel-Ángel & Woodruff, Robert E., 2014, New Species of Phyllophaga Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from northeastern Mexico., pp. 1-9 in Insecta Mundi 2014 (328) on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5178414, {"references":["Moron, M. A. 2001. New and rare species of Phyllophaga (s. str.) from Mexico (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 77: 168 - 189."]}

Morón, Miguel-Ángel, Woodruff, Robert E. (2014): New Species of Phyllophaga Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from northeastern Mexico. Insecta Mundi 2014 (328): 1-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178414, {"references":["Jaeger, E. C. 1955. A source-book of biological names and terms. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. 323 p.","Moron, M. A. 1986. El genero Phyllophaga en Mexico. Morfologia, distribucion y sistematica supraespecifica. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico. 341 p.","Moron, M. A. 2001. New and rare species of Phyllophaga (s.str.) from Mexico (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 77: 168-189.","Moron, M. A. 2003. Diversidad, distribucion e importancia de las especies de Phyllophaga Harris en Mexico (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). p. 1-27. In: A. Aragon, M.A. Moron y A. Marin (eds.). Estudios sobre coleopteros del suelo en America. Publicacion especial Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Mexico. 359 p.","Sanderson, M. W. 1958. Faunal affinities of Arizona Phyllophaga, with notes and descriptions of new species. Journal Kansas Entomological Society 31: 158-173.","Saylor, L. W. 1942. Notes on beetles related to Phyllophaga Harris with descriptions of new genera and subgenera. Proceedings United States National Museum 92 (3145): 157-165.","Wheeler, Q. D., and N. I. Platnick. 2000. The phylogenetic species concept (sensu Wheeler and Platnick). p. 55-69. In: Q. D. Wheeler and R. Meier (eds.). Species concepts and phylogenetic theory: a debate. Columbia University Press, New York, N. Y. 230 p."]}

Phyllophaga (Phyllophaga) gramma Morón and Woodruff, new species (Figures 1-8) Description. Holotype male. Total body length: 11.7 mm. Humeral width: 5.0 mm. Head and pronotum shiny, dark reddish brown; elytra velvety reddish brown; abdomen and legs shiny yellowish brown. Clypeus with scattered erect short setae, 2.4 times wider than long, anterior border strongly elevated, anterior margin broadly curved, disk surface nearly flattened, briefly rising at middle, densely covered with round punctures. Frontoclypeal suture clearly impressed, sinuate at middle. Frons 2.8 times wider than long, broadly convex, rugo-punctate with sparse medium sized erect setae on disk. Antenna with 9-antennomeres and 3- lamellate club, lamellae 2.2 times longer than length of preceding 5 antennomeres combined; antennomeres 3 and 4 each same length, antennomere 5 as long as preceding 2; antennomere 6 much shorter than 5 with acute prominence on anterior side. Frons 4.8 times wider than dorsal diameter of eye. Eye canthus long, narrow, with 12 setae (Fig. 1). Labrum reniform, slightly concave, with scattered setae along borders. Mentum nearly flat, with scarce punctures and slender setae at sides, anterior border briefly sinuate. Pronotum 1.7 times wider than long and 2.4 times wider than frons. Pronotal disk with many erect, slender setae and round punctures irregularly separated by 1-4 diameters; anterior bead complete, with long, slender setae; lateral borders broadly angled, lateral marginal bead weakly crenulate, with slender, long setae; basal bead indicated by regular row of punctures, with long setae near middle; anterior angles slightly obtuse, rounded; posterior angles broadly obtuse, weakly prominent (Fig. 1). Scutellum 1.4 times wider than long, without punctures; anterior border broadly sinuate, with many long setae. Elytron 2.3 times longer than wide, pruinose, with setiferous punctures densely and irregularly distributed on disk; a group of erect, long setae around scutellum, and scattered short setae near the apex; epipleural border progressively narrowed toward apex, with fringe of long setae; humeral callus rounded, prominent; apical callus rounded. Metathoracic wings completely developed. Pterosternum with many yellowish, long setae. Visible abdominal sternites 2 to 5 with white pruinosity and scattered yellow setae at sides, shallowly depressed at middle; anal plate short, narrow, with weak transverse keel near basal margin and brief depression at middle, and scattered long setae along posterior border. Propygidium dull, densely punctuate, with many short setae. Pygidium shiny, widely convex, with numerous, shallow punctures, and medium sized setae, regularly distributed; apical margin with 14 slender setae; basal margin narrow, not distinct at middle. Protibia slightly shorter than protarsus (0.9:1), with 2 large teeth and a basal small tooth on external border, preapical spur acute, straight, shorter than 2nd protarsomere. Mesotibia with an oblique, well-marked, setiferous carina and small setiferous teeth on external side; upper apical spur with acute apex, as long as lower spur. Metatibia slightly shorter than metatarsus (0.9:1), with an oblique setiferous carina and small setiferous tooth on external side; upper apical spur articulated, slightly curved, apex rounded, nearly as long as basal metatarsomere, and 1.3 times longer than lower spur; lower apical spur articulated, nearly straight, apex rounded. Protarsomeres 1-4 semicylindrical elongate with enlarged apex, with scattered ventral setae and crown of apical setae. Meso- and meta- tarsomeres semicylindrical, elongate, with enlarged apex, crown of apical setae, and 2 rows of setae along ventral side. Tarsal claws dentate, with ventral tooth small, acute, located toward base (Fig. 3). Genital capsule with short, widened, curved parameres fused dorsally and ventrally, apex with 2 small rounded teeth (Fig. 4, 6-8). Aedeagus with poorly sclerotized tube- like support; inner sac with apical sclerotized claw and many latero-ventral minute spines (Fig. 6-8). Tectum wide, uniformly convex. Length of genital capsule from apex of parameres to border of basal piece: 3.4 mm. Allotype female. Similar to male except as follows: total body length: 14.5 mm. Humeral width: 5.4 mm.; antennal club as long as preceding 5 antennomeres combined (Fig. 2); head and pronotal punctuation deeper. Visible abdominal sternites 2 to 4 convex, with scattered, short setae near midline; sternite 5 enlarged, with many punctures and long setae; anal plate short, widely convex, with shallow punctures and slender setae. Both apical spurs of metatibia widened, curved, with rounded apices. Ventral genital plates sclerotized, short, nearly symmetrical, broadly convex, with rounded distal border, each with 1 apical seta; dorsal genital plates not fused, large, with distal border slightly angled, with 3-4 apical setae (Fig. 5). Variation. Body varies from 11.4 mm to 14.6 mm in length and 4.9 to 5.5 mm in humeral width. Type Series. (Described from 38 males and 11 females). Holotype male; MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, 7 km sur Monterrey, 17-II-1962, on gramma flying close to ground, J. Mathieu (FSCA). Paratypes (37 males, 11 females): same data as holotype, (10 males, 1 female FSCA; 4 males IEXA; 2 males MXAL); same data except 17-II-1967 (4 males IEXA). Nuevo Leon, 4 km S Galeana, 13-V-1961, J. Mathieu (1 male, FSCA); Nuevo Leon, El Cercado, 11-III-1967, J. Mathieu (8 males FSCA); Nuevo Leon, Cañón de Iturbide, 30- VII-1969, on Rhus pachyrhachis, J. Mathieu and M. W. Sanderson (1 female FSCA); Nuevo Leon, Cañón de Iturbide, 8-VII-1969, black light trap, M. W. Sanderson, J. Mathieu and D. Cadena (1 male FSCA). Nuevo Leon, Santiago, San Francisco, 22-IV- 1989, 540 m, luz, N. Celestino (3 pairs MXAL; 2 pairs CMNC; 2 pairs CNIN, 2 females IEXA). Type Locality. Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey, Monterrey municipality, state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico (25°36' 49”N; 100° 18' 29” W). Biological Data. Apparently this species only inhabits grasslands and open pine-oak forests located at 500-600 m of elevation in the northern slopes of Cumbres de Monterrey, on the road to Villa de Santiago and south of Galeana. Specimens studied were collected during February (22), March (8), April (16), May (1) and July (2), but most of the males were taken at dusk during February flying close to ground over short tall grass (gramma), apparently searching for females hidden between soil and grass. One female was collected feeding on leaves of Rhus pachyrhachis Hemsl. (Anacardiaceae). All the specimens from Santiago were attracted by electric lights during April. The date of capture of many specimens, mainly from south of Monterrey city, is very early in comparison with the usual phenology of the genus in Central Mexico (May-July). Remarks. Phyllophaga gramma is similar to the species group “anodentata” as defined by Morón (1986), but has the antennae with 9, rather than 10, antennomeres, and the structure of the male anal plate is very simple, nearly convex, without tooth-like projection on the basal border. The ring- shaped parameres are as in other members of this group, but details in the form of apical border and ventral teeth, as well as the shape and microstructures of the aedeagus, are clearly different from other species. Etymology. We recognize the early studies on this species, giving the same name proposed on labels by Sanderson and Mathieu, gramma, in reference to its habits on the short grasses, so called grama, Spanish name with Latin root (gramen, graminis, gramineus; Jaeger, 1955) applied to many species of wild and cultivated grasses in Mexico., Published as part of Morón, Miguel-Ángel & Woodruff, Robert E., 2014, New Species of Phyllophaga Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from northeastern Mexico., pp. 1-9 in Insecta Mundi 2014 (328) on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5178414, {"references":["Moron, M. A. 1986. El genero Phyllophaga en Mexico. Morfologia, distribucion y sistematica supraespecifica. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico. 341 p.","Jaeger, E. C. 1955. A source-book of biological names and terms. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. 323 p."]}

We analyze fringe formation within Michelson-like experiments as viewed by relativistic inertial observers. Our analysis differs from previous work because we include optical misalignment of the beamsplitter of the interferometer due to the anamorphic geometry of relativistic Lorentz contraction. We conclude that inertial frame equivalence of Michelson-like experiments provide verification of the transverse Doppler Effect and exclude any model incorporating the relativistic Lorentz contraction effect., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to the need for a major revision. The physical significance of anamorphic distortion in Section D requires further study, but it does not support the conclusions of the current paper

This dissertation examines 376 English almanacs printed from 1595 to 1640 for the extent to which they provided basic, everyday information that ordinary citizens sought to increase their agency and place in the world. These almanacs, appearing annually, had highly conventional content features repeated in many different editions. Analysis of twenty of these components show patterns that make it possible for a researcher to systematically discern the information needs and appetites of many people who may not have been represented in the written record. Because these almanacs were inexpensive and printed in large numbers, they are estimated to have been in one of every three households in England in this period, making them the most common print product of the day. Since the almanacs were a monopoly of the Worshipful Company of Stationers, the printer&rsquos and bookseller&rsquos guild, their conventional, highly structured content can be read as coherently responsive to the almanacs &rsquo many buyers and users. The considerable importance of the revenue from exclusive almanac production to the guild &rsquos financial stability provided incentive for responsiveness to the public. The components analyzed, including various forms of calendars, geographical, historical and health information, and modes of calculation and measurement, show a consistent pattern even though individual almanac brands flourished and expired during this 45-year period. This analysis explicates the value of these component features to the almanacs &rsquo users and contends it enhanced their agency. Almanacs &rsquo predictive astrological content, this dissertation argues, complemented their access to information by framing a planning process for the coming year, as well as enabling agency-enhancing play or rehearsal. The almanac, also a gateway to improved literacy, is presented as the essential, indispensable information tool for the ordinary people who played a significant role in the civil wars period (1641-60). Without the information base and expectation of annual publication provided by the almanacs, this dissertation contends, the public would not have been prepared to recognize the difference between everyday life and new developments, the routine and the unusual &mdash nor the value of actual news when regularly provided. The almanacs enabled and prepared ordinary people in England to be receptive to what came to be called journalism.

Woodruff, Robert E., Slater, James A. (2012): Corrigenda to and validation of Ozophora woodruffi Slater 2005 (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Insecta Mundi 2012 (253): 1-2, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5174938

Ozophora woodruffi Slater, new species Description. Head, distal end of third antennal segment, apical two-thirds of fourth antennal segment, meson of anterior pronotal collar, area on posterior pronotal lobe immediately anterior to scalloped yellow posterior margin, head and thoracic pleura and sternum black. Pronotum dark red-brown over entire anterior pronotal lobe including lateral margins, becoming lighter on anterior half of posterior lobe, but this area interrupted by several narrow dark transverse stripes and shading to black posteriorly; humeral pronotal angles pale yellow, as is complete posterior pronotal margin. Anterior pronotal collar on each side of dark meson pale yellow. Scutellum pale gray and pruinose on anterior half, contrastingly reddish brown with a pair of posteriorly tapering yellow dashes on this area, apex white. Hemelytra yellowish with dark punctures and irrorate with a series of transverse dashes, spots, and lines. Corium with a with a dark marginal quadrate macula at level of apex at claval commissure. Apex of corium also with a dark macula. Apical corial margin pale red distally, variegated with dark and light areas on anterior two-thirds. Membrane dark, not irrorate, slightly paler at apex and with two curving outer veins white. Abdominal sternum reddish brown. Legs, first and second antennal segments and labium light yellow. Middle and hind femora with a somewhat suffused dark subdiscal annulus, especially diffused on mesofemur. Dorsal surface lacking upstanding hairs. Head only slightly declivent, tylus extending anteriorly only over proximal one-third of first antennal segment.Length head 1.10, width 1.00, interocular space 0.70. Pronotum with humeral angles rounded, length pronotum 1.16, width 1.72. Scutellum lacking a distinct median carina, but slightly swollen distad of pruinose anterior area. Length scutellum 1.12, width 0.90. Length claval commissure 1.14. Corium laterally nearly parallel sided. Midline distance apex clavus-apex corium 1.44. Midline distance apex corium-apex membrane 1.58. Metathoracic scent gland auricle moderately curving, somewhat scimitar shaped. Forefemur slightly incrassate, armed below with four sharp black tuberculate spines on distal half. Labium extending posteriorly between metacoxae. Length labial segments I: 0.90, II: 0.90, III: 0.84, IV: 0.44. Antennae elongate, slender, terete, fourth segment moderately fusiform. Length antennal segments I: 0.80, II: 1.90, III: 1.48, IV: 1.84 (approx.). Total body length 7.63., Published as part of Woodruff, Robert E. & Slater, James A., 2012, Corrigenda to and validation of Ozophora woodruffi Slater 2005 (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), pp. 1-2 in Insecta Mundi 2012 (253) on pages 1-2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174938

Woodruff, Robert E., Warren E. Steiner, Jr. (2011): new species of Phyllophaga Harris from the island of Navassa in the Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Insecta Mundi 2011 (157): 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160153, {"references":["Burne, R. V., W. T. Horsfield, and E. Robinson. 1974. The geology of Navassa Island. Caribbean Journal of Science 14: 109-114.","Moron, M. A. 1997. Melolonthidae. p. 205-264 In: M. A. Moron, B. C. Ratcliffe, and C. Deloya. Atlas de los escarabajos de Mexico. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Vol. 1, Familia Melolonthidae. Sociedad Mexicana de Entomologia, Mexico City. ix+264p.","Nearns, E. H., and W. E. Steiner, Jr. 2006. A new species of Plectromerus Haldeman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Navassa Island, Greater Antilles. Zootaxa 1163: 61-68; 2 fig.","Powell, R. 1999. Herpetology of Navassa Island, West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science 35(1-2): 1-13.","Procter, G. R. 1959. Observations on Navassa Island. Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica, Geonotes 2: 49-54.","Steiner, W. E., Jr., and J. M. Swearingen. 1998. Entomology on Navassa Island. Entomological News [Entomology Department, Smithsonian Institution] 12(9): 3-4.","Steiner, W. E., Jr., and J. M. Swearingen. 2000. An entomological survey of Navassa Island, with notes on species richness and endemism. Abstracts, 27th Annual Natural Areas Conference. Managing the Mosaic: Connecting People and Natural Diversity. Natural Areas Association 2000: 39.","Steiner, W. E., Jr. 2008. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Navassa Island, West Indies. Annals of Carnegie Museum 77 (1): 129-134.","Swearingen, J. M. 1999. Natural history on a little-known island: Cracking Navassa's oyster. Park Science [U.S. National Park Service] 19: 5-7.","Woodruff, R. E., and M. W. Sanderson. 2004. A revision of the Phyllophaga of Hispaniola (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Insecta Mundi 18(1-4): 1-154; 727 fig."]}

The key description and illustrations of mouthparts, ocelli, and terminal abdominal segments by Bovinq & Craighead (1931) have been the only information on the larval stages of the genus Hemipeplus Latreille, except for the observation by van Emden (1942) that individuals of the genus would not key properly in Boving & Craighead's key. Their example was of an undescribed species from Cuba. The semidiagrammatic illustrations make it difficult to identify the species illustrated, although it may be H. marginipennis (LeConte). This paper is based on larvae collected by the authors, in each case associated with adults. From the family diagnosis of larval Mycteridae (Crowson & Viedma 1964). Hemipeplus larvae differ noticeably in the form of the sensorium, which Crowson & Viedma describe as “very short, dome-shaped”; in Hemipeplus it is elongate and conical. From the larva of Mycterus (described by Crowson & Viedma 1964) those of Hemipeplus also differ in having five ocelli on each side (cf. two), mala with an uncus and medial pit (cf. without uncus or medial pit), mola ridged (cf. not ridged), cardines not divided (cf. distinctly divided, labial palpi with only one distinct palpomere (cf. with two palpomeres), abdominal asperities absent (cf. asperities present), and different form of spiracle (compare fig. 13 with fig. 4 in Crowson & Viedma 1964). Larvae of Hemipeplus are more similar to that of Eurypus muelleri Seldlitz (described by Costa & Vanin 1977) than to that of Mycterus. As in Hemipeplus, Eurypus larvae possess five ocelli arranged in rows of three and two on each side; two pairs of tubercles at posterior margin of abdominal sternite IX; mala with an uncus, and cardines divided. Hemipeplus larvae differ from those of Mycterus most notably in the form of abdominal tergite IX (see Costa & Vanin 1977:fig. 2 ) . The uncus is located on the mesal margin of the mala in Hemipeplus, whereas it is located on the ventral aspect of the mala in Eurypus.

Woodruff, Robert E. (2009): A new fossil species of stag beetle from Dominican Republic amber, with Australasian connections (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Insecta Mundi 2009 (98): 1-10, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167823, {"references":["Baroni-Urbani, C. 1980. The first fossil species of the Australian ant genus Leptomyrmex in amber from the Dominican Republic (Amber collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. IV: Ectatommini). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. Serie B, 67: 1-10.","Baroni-Urbani, C., and J. B. Saunders. 1982. The fauna of the Dominican Republic amber: the present status of knowledge. Proceedings of the 9th Caribbean Geological Conference, Santo Domingo, Aug. 1980. 1: 213-223.","Baroni-Urbani, C., and E. O. Wilson. 1987. The fossil members of the ant tribe Leptomyrmecini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche 94:1-8.","Benesh, B. 1955. Some further notes on the stagbeetles, with special reference to Figulinae (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). 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Woodruff, Robert E. (2008): The genus Cotinis Burmeister in the eastern United States, with description of a new species from the Florida Keys, including a checklist of the genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Insecta Mundi 2008 (51): 1-13, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169990, {"references":["Antoine, P. 2007. Un nouveau Cotinis du Panama (Cetoniidae). Coleopteres (France) 13(5): 47-50; 10 figs (2 in color).","Baker, G. T., and W. A. Monroe. 2005. Sensilla on the adult and larval antennae of Cotinis nitida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Microscospy and Microanalysis (Microscopy Society of America) 11(Suppl. 2): 170-171; 6 fig.","Bates, H. W. 1889. Pecticornia and Lamellicornia. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Vol. 2(2): 1-432.","Beckham, C. M., and M. Dupree. 1952. Attractants for the green June beetle, with notes on seasonal occurrence. Journal of Economic Entomology 45(4): 736-737.","Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. 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Lectotype designations in Cotinis Burm. for species described by Bates in the Biologia Centrali-Americana (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Canadian Entomologist 97(6): 670-871.","Janson, O. E. 1876. Notices of new or little known Cetoniidae, No. 1. Cistula Entomologica 2: 133-140.","Janson, O. E. 1880. Descriptions of new American Cetoniidae. Cistula Entomologica 2: 575-580.","Kraatz, G. 1898. Bemerkungen zum Nachtrag VI von Schoch's \"Genera und Species seiner Cetoniden Sammlung\". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1898. 2: 217-224.","Landolt, P. J. 1990. Trapping the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with isopropanol. Florida Entomologist 73: 328-330.","Linnaeus, C. von. 1764. Museum S:ae R:ae M:tis. Ludoviciae Ulricae Reginae Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque; in quo Animalia Rariora, Exotica, Imprimis Insecta & Conchilia describuntur & determinantur Prodromi instar editum. A Carolo v. Linne. Literis & impensis. L. Salvius, Stockholm 8+719+2 p.","Muma, M. H. 1944. The attraction of Cotinis nitida by caproic acid. Journal of Economic Entomology 37(6): 855-856.","Martinez, A. 1949. Cambios necesarios en la nomenacion de algunos generos de Gymnetini (Coleop., Scarab., Cetoniinae). Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 147: 13-14.","Nonfried, A. F. 1894. Beschreibungen neuer Lamellicornien, Buprestiden und Cerambyciden aus Central- undSud-Amerika. Entomologische Nachrichten 20(8): 113-128.","Patton, C. N. 1956. Observations on the mating behavior of the green June beetle, Cotinis nitida (Linn.). Florida Entomologist 39(2): 95.","Peck, S. B., and M. C. Thomas. 1998. A distributional checklist of the beetles (Coleoptera) of Florida. Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 16: viii+1-180.","Perbosc, M. 1839. Insectes nouveaux decouverts au Mexique. Revue Zoologique. 1839: 261-264 [description of C. viridicyanea p. 262; reference not seen].","Poole, R. W., and P. Gentili (eds.) 1996. Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America. Vol. 1: Coleoptera, Strepsiptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland [Cotinis p. 337]. 827 p.","Schoch, G. 1895. Die Genera und Species meiner Cetonidensammlung. I. Teil: Trib. Goliathidae, Gymnetidae, Madagassae, Schizorrhinidae. Privately published(?); Zurich. 148 p.","Smith, A. B. T. 2003. Checklist of the Scarabaeoidea of the Nearctic realm. Version3- released 25 September 2003. [http://www_museum.unl.edu/research/entomology/Nearctic_scarabs3.pdf].","Voet, J. E. 1766. Catalogus Systematicus Coleopterorum. Le Haye. [This rare reference not seen. According to Blackwelder (1957:1320, from Horn) 2 volumes were published in 1778 and 1806, with a note that there are various translations and dates]. The citation here is as given by Goodrich (1966: 568). For additional details see: http://www.animalbase.de/.","Woodruff, R. E. 1968. The present status of Plectris aliena Chapin in the United States (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Entomology Circular 68: 1-2; 1 fig.","Woodruff, R. E. 1973. The scarab beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Part 1. The Laparosticti (Subfamilies: Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae, Hybosorinae, Ochodaeinae, Geotrupinae, Acanthocerinae). Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 8: xi+219; 407 fig.[p. 29 Cotinis nitida].","Woodruff, R. E. 1982. Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae. p. 84-102. In: R. Franz (ed.). Rare and endangered biota of Florida. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville. xx+121 p. [Cotinis n. sp., p. 89].","Woodruff, R. E., and M. Deyrup. 1994. Keys green June beetle, Cotinis n. sp., p. 381-382. In: M. Deyrup and R. Franz (ed.). Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Vol. 4, Invertebrates. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. xxx+798 p."]}

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Leiopsammodius acei, new species Figs. 10–12 Description. Male; length 2.8 mm, width 1.1 mm, oblong­oval, subparallel, moderately shining, rufocastaneous. Antennae pale rufotestaceous. Head convex, strongly verrucose, granules large, frequently elongate, base with distinct, darker transverse groove. Clypeus broadly emarginate, angles rounded. Pronotum slightly lobed basally, narrower in front, angles obtusely rounded, faintly emarginate, sides entire, fimbriate basally with coarse, short hairs; surface very finely, sparsely punctate throughout, with three transverse rows of punctures; anterior row subapical, composed of closely spaced, moderately coarse punctures in a groove extending almost completely across between anterior angles, median row composed of punctures in transverse groove extending inward from lateral margin nearly to median, longitudinal groove that extends from near pronotal base nearly to anterior row of subapical punctures, posterior row composed of irregular, confused coarse punctures extending across pronotum near base; base margined with contiguous band of moderate punctures (Fig. 12). Elytra convex, striae deep, moderately, crenately punctate, intervals weakly convex, very finely, irregularly punctate. Metasternum smooth, shining, anterior postcoxal line absent, with faint arcuate groove in front of posterior coxal plate, median longitudinal groove obvious, anteriorly alutaceous and very shallowly, moderately punctate at sides. Abdominal segments sparsely, minutely punctate and very finely alutaceous, faintly crenate in front. Pygidium eroded, longitudinally divided, faintly alutaceous, apical fringe with four long setae in moderate punctures. Posterior femora moderately stout, minutely alutaceous, two or three setigerous punctures paralleling posterior edge with similar row along the anterior margin; middle femora ¾ as wide as posterior, basal marginal rows of setae weakly developed apically (Fig. 11). Posterior tibiae ⅓ as wide as long, transverse ridges absent; posterior spurs narrow, faintly foliaceous, the longer as long as the first three tarsal segments combined; first tarsal segment elongate, triangular, equal in length to the next three together. Parameres stout, ventral notch rounded (Fig. 10). Variations. Length 2.8 to 3.3 mm, width 1.1–1.5 mm; pygidium with two to five fringe setae. Material Studied. Holotype: South Carolina, Beaufort Co., Hunting Island, 10­X­1998, sifted from sand, P.J. Harpootlian (FSCA). Paratypes: South Carolina, Beaufort Co., Pritchards Island, 14­IX­1996, blacklight, P.J. Harpootlian (1); Hunting Island, 28­VIII­1997, sifted from sand, P.J. Harpootlian (1); 21­ IX­1997, sifted from sand, P.J. Harpootlian (5). North Carolina, New Hanover Co., Carolina Beach, 7­IX­1956, dead in beer can, R. E Woodruff (5); Fort Fisher, 8­IX­1956, dead in beer can, R. E Woodruff (4). Paratypes in the following collections: FSCA, USNM, BMNH, and the personal collections of the authors. Remarks. The first known specimens were collected dead in beer cans on two North Carolina beaches by R.E. Woodruff in 1956. The species was not collected again until a single specimen was found in a blacklight trap set in a narrow wooded trail near the shore of Pritchards Island, South Carolina. Additional light trapping in the area has failed to attract any more specimens. Appears to prefer the sand in amongst grass, shaded by trees, not in the more open dune, and appears primarily during autumn. The somewhat similar appearing Geopsammodius hydropicus (Horn) is sympatric in the treeline sand, but that species can also be found in the sand right up to the high tide line and is evidently more common. This species is very similar to L. deyrupi and is difficult to differentiate without comparative material, but the punctures on the pronotum are generally smaller, the shape more parallel sided, the male genitalia are diagnostic, and the known distributions are allopatric. Etymology. Named for the ACE basin, a coastal wilderness area in South Carolina formed by the confluence of the Ashepo, Combahee, and Edisto Rivers.

Leiopsammodius deyrupi,new species Figs. 5–7 Description. Male; length 2.8 mm, width 1.2 mm, oblong­oval, subparallel, moderately shining, rufocastaneous. Antennae pale rufotestaceous. Head convex, strongly verrucose, granules large, frequently elongate, base with distinct, darker transverse groove. Clypeus broadly emarginate, angles rounded. Pronotum slightly lobed basally, narrower in front, angles obtusely rounded, faintly emarginate, sides entire, fimbriate basally with coarse, short hairs; surface very finely, sparsely punctate throughout, with three transverse rows of punctures; anterior row subapical, composed of closely spaced, moderately coarse punctures in a groove extending completely across between anterior angles, median row composed of punctures in transverse groove extending inward from near lateral margin nearly to median, longitudinal groove that extends from near pronotal base nearly to anterior row of subapical punctures, posterior row composed of widely spaced, coarse punctures extending across pronotum near base; base margined with contiguous band of moderate punctures (Fig. 6). Elytra convex, striae deep, moderately, crenately punctate, intervals weakly convex, very finely, irregularly punctate. Metasternum smooth, shining, anterior postcoxal line absent, faint arcuate groove in front of posterior coxal plate, median longitudinal groove obvious, scarcely impressed, anteriorly alutaceous and very shallowly, moderately punctate at sides. Abdominal segments sparsely, minutely punctate and very finely alutaceous, faintly crenate in front. Pygidium eroded, longitudinally divided, faintly alutaceous, apical fringe with two long setae in moderate punctures. Posterior femora moderately stout, minutely alutaceous, two or three setigerous punctures paralleling posterior edge and with similar row along the anterior margin; middle femora ¾ as wide as posterior, basal marginal rows of setae weakly developed apically. Posterior tibiae ⅓ as wide as long, transverse ridges absent; posterior spurs narrow (Fig. 7), faintly foliaceous, the longer as long as the first three tarsal segments combined; first tarsal segment elongate, triangular, equal in length to the next three together. Parameres elongate, ventral notch rounded (Fig. 5). Variations. Length 2.8 to 3.3 mm, width 1.2–1.5 mm; pygidium often with four fringe setae. Material Studied. Holotype: Florida, Highland Co., Archbold Biol. Sta., 8 mi. S. Lake Placid, 21–23­III­1987, window trap, M. Deyrup (FSCA). Paratypes: Florida, Highland Co.: Archbold Biol. Sta., 8 mi. S. Lake Placid, 21– 23­III­1987, window trap, M. Deyrup (5); Archbold Biol. Sta., 16­IV­1989, mv & bl, R. Turnbow (1); Lake Co.: S. Tavares 1.3 mi. S. Jct. R 19 and R 561, 8­VI­1998, P. Skelley (2); 2.5 mi. E. Hwy 27 on Hwy 50, 1­V­1999, R. H. Turnbow (9); Polk Co.: W. of Davenport, 0.2 mi. SR 547 on SR 27, 25­ VII­1998, sifted from sand, P. Skelley (2); E. Lake Hamilton, 1.5 mi., N. Rt. ­ 542 on Jim Edwards Rd, 6­XII­1998, in sand, P. Skelley & R. Morris (1). Paratypes in the following collections: Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), United States National Museum (USNM), British Museum Natural History (BMNH), and the personal collections of Paul Skelley, Gainesville, FL and Robert Turnbow, Ft. Rucker, AL. Remarks. Mark Deyrup (pers. comm.) reports rarely collecting this species at blacklight in the spring, but only one specimen was seen with that collection data, all others were collected in window traps or sifted from sand. Only known from Highland, Lake, and Polk counties in Florida and is probably limited to the vicinity of the Lake Wales ridge. This species is very similar to L. acei and is difficult to differentiate without comparative material, but the punctures on the pronotum are generally larger, the shape more oval, the male genitalia are diagnostic, and the known distributions are allopatric. Etymology. Named in honor of Mark Deyrup who collected the first specimens and recognized their uniqueness., Published as part of Harpootlian, Phillip J., Gordon, Robert D. & Woodruff, Robert E., 2000, Review Of The Genus Leiopsammodius Rakovic (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Psammodiini) In America North Of Mexico With Descriptions Of Three New Species, pp. 292-299 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 54 (3) on pages 294-295, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0292:ROTGLR]2.0.CO;2