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This paper describes the results of structural analysis and loading test of a bogie frame. The purpose of the analysis and test is to evaluate the safety and functionality of the bogie frame under maximum load. The bogie system consist of the bogie frame, suspensions, wheel-sets, a brake system and a transmission system. Of these components, the bogie frame is the major component subjected to the vehicle and passenger loads. The evaluation method used the JIS E 4207 specifications throughout the FEM analysis and static load test. The test results have shown the bogie frame to be safe and stable under design load conditions.

A simple, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for doxifluridine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) quantification in dog heparinized plasma. Sample preparation was based on liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of isopropanol/ethyl acetate (1/9 v/v) to extract doxifluridine, 5-FU and 5-chlorouracil (5-CU, an internal standard) from plasma. Chromatography was performed on a C-18 analytical column and the retention times were 2.7, 1.5 and 1.7 min for doxifluridine, 5-FU and 5-CU, respectively with shorter analysis time within 5 min than previously reported methods. The ionization was optimized using ESI negative mode and selectivity was achieved by tandem mass spectrometric analysis by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using the transformations of m/z 244.8>107.6, 129.0>42.0 and 144.9>42.1 for doxifluridine, 5-FU and 5-CU, respectively. The achieved low limit of quantification was 20.0 ng/mL and the assay exhibited linear range of 20-2000 ng/mL ($R^2>0.99957$ for doxifluridine and $R^2>0.99857$ for 5-FU), using of plasma. Accuracy and precision of quality control samples for both doxifluridine and 5-FU met KFDA and FDA Guidance criteria of 15% for accuracy with coefficients of variation less than 15%. This method demonstrated adequate sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision and stability to support the simultaneous analysis of doxifluridine and 5-FU in dog plasma samples in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies.

Recently, the full duplex communication has been spotlighted as one of key technologies of the future wireless local area network (WLAN). The full duplex MAC protocols are actively researched because the feasibility of full duplexing is achieved because of the technology evolution. The full duplex MAC protocols can be categorized as two types. One is centralized type and the other is distributed type. In most of distributed types, primary and secondary transmission time are different. To solve the problem occurred by the asymmetric transmission time, the busy tone is used in traditional full duplex MAC protocol. However, the usage of busy tone causes performance degradation as the busy tone has no data but consumes resource. Therefore, we propose a new full duplex MAC protocol which doesn't use busy tone. The simulation results show that throughput of the proposed full duplex MAC protocol is better than traditional full duplex MAC protocol or half duplex as maximum MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) size is bigger. Additionally, in terms of power consumption, the proposed full duplex MAC protocol shows better performance compare to others.

Purpose This retrospective study evaluated and compared the 2-year outcomes for sinus floor elevation performed via either an osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation (OSFE) technique or a reamer-mediated sinus floor elevation (RSFE) technique. Implant survival, as well as surgical and postoperative complications, were used as measures of comparison. Materials and methods Patients were analyzed according to defined inclusion criteria. Orthopantography was used to assess preoperative; immediate postoperative; and 6-, 12-, and 24-month postoperative bone level changes. Implant survival and the incidence of complications, including sinus membrane perforation, were evaluated using appropriate statistical tests. Results From 2008 to 2010, 126 implants were placed simultaneously with sinus floor elevation in 85 patients (n = 43 women and 42 men; mean age ± standard deviation [SD] = 58.1 ± 10.2 years). The OSFE procedure (control) was used to place 65 implants in 45 patients, and the RSFE procedure (experimental) was used to place 61 implants in 40 patients. The mean maxillary residual bone height was 7.1 ± 1.6 mm. Endosinus bone gains were 5.7 ± 1.5 mm and 5.6 ± 2.3 mm for the experimental and control groups (P = .164), respectively, and the 2-year survival rates were 98.4% and 98.5%, respectively. Although no significant differences were observed between the two groups, three (6.7%) membrane perforations occurred in the OSFE group, and none occurred in the RSFE group. Other postoperative complications, including nasal bleeding, postoperative headache, and dizziness, were documented in 7 (15.6%) of 45 OSFE cases and 3 (7.5%) of 40 RSFE cases. Conclusion The results presented herein indicate that comparable survival rates were achieved for implants placed in conjunction with a reamer- vs osteotome-mediated technique. Therefore, RSFE is a reliable and predictable procedure for implant placement in the posterior maxilla, with a low incidence of complications.

Copper electrodes with a micromesh/nanomesh structure were fabricated on a polyimide substrate using UV lithography and wet etching to produce flexible transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). Well-defined mesh electrodes were realized through the use of high-quality Cu thin films. The films were fabricated using radio-frequency (RF) sputtering with a single-crystal Cu target—a simple but innovative approach that overcame the low oxidation resistance of ordinary Cu. Hybrid Cu mesh electrodes were fabricated by adding a capping layer of either ZnO or Al-doped ZnO. The sheet resistance and the transmittance of the electrode with an Al-doped ZnO capping layer were 6.197 ohm/sq and 90.657%, respectively and the figure of merit was 60.502 × 10–3/ohm, which remained relatively unchanged after thermal annealing at 200 °C and 1,000 cycles of bending. This fabrication technique enables the mass production of large-area flexible TCEs and the stability and high performance of Cu mesh hybrid electrodes in harsh environments suggests they have strong potential for application in smart displays and solar cells.

This paper describes the results of structural analysis and loading test of a bogie frame. The purpose of the analysis and test is to evaluate the safety and functionality of the bogie frame under maximum load. The bogie system consist of the bogie frame, suspensions, wheel-sets, a brake system and a transmission system. Of these components, the bogie frame is the major component subjected to the vehicle and passenger loads. The evaluation method used the JIS E 4207 specifications throughout the FEM analysis and static load test. The test results have shown the bogie frame to be safe and stable under design load conditions.

Several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, including ultrasonic C-scan, X-ray computed tomography (CT), and infrared (IR) thermography, were employed on ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) to illustrate defect information that might effect mechanical behavior and to analyze structural performance of CMCs. Prior to tensile testing, through C-scan and CT analyses results, the qualitative relationship between the relative ultrasonic transmitted amplitude and porosity based on CT was exhibited. An IR camera was used for in-situ monitoring of progressive damages and to determine temperature changes during tensile testing. Moreover, scanning-electron microscopy characterization was used to perform microstructural failure analyses. This paper describes the use of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to facilitate the understanding of tension behavior of CMCs.

In this study, the Kringle V domain (Glu4225-Ser4310) of human apolipoprotein A, an antiangiogenic polypeptide, was expressed as a secreted form in Pichia pastoris, and was purified via a process consisting of three chromatographic steps. The chromatographically purified kringle V domain contained a C-terminal serine-deleted form and several high-molecular-weight forms, which were suspected to represent glycosylated derivatives. In order to remove these derivatives, we employed a crystallization process. The crystallization of kringle V resulted in an 85% recovery yield, and also resulted in the complete removal of the aforementioned high-molecular-weight forms. However, we were still able to detect a trace of the C-terminal serine-deleted form. The prepared Kringle V crystals were stable within a pH range of 7.0 to 8.0, and were completely dissolved by dilution, which is a crucial factor in the preparation of a highly concentrated formulation. The chromatogram of the crystallized kringle V on reversed-phase HPLC analysis was identical to that observed without crystallization. Also, we noted that the original anti-wound migration activities of the molecule toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells were completely retained.

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques were used for the tensile damage characterization in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Ultrasonic testing (UT) and infrared (IR) thermography were employed to assess defects and/or damage evolution before and during mechanical testing. Prior to tensile testing, a UT C-scan and a xenon flash method were performed to obtain initial defect information in light of UT C-scans and thermal diffusivity maps, respectively. An IR camera was used for in-situ monitoring of progressive damages. The IR camera measured temperature changes during tensile testing. This paper has presented the feasibility of using NDE techniques to interpret structural performance of CMCs.

In this paper, correlated sequential acceptance sampling plans are dealt when the relationship between samples are not independent. This plan is useful when the production quality shows serially correlated dependencies during the manufacturing processes. A Monte-Calro simulation method is used if we can not find the acceptance or rejection probabilities of a lot because of the dependence between observations. The measure of performances is proposed. As a numerical example, a Markov dependent model is shown.

The antitumor activity of spicatoside A (SA), a steroidal saponin isolated from the tuber of Liriope platyphylla (Liliaceae), and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. SA induced autophagy and apoptotic cell death and inhibited tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model implanted with HCT116 cells. Treatment with SA for 24 h enhanced the formation of acidic vesicular organelles in the cytoplasm, indicating the induction of the onset of autophagy. This event was associated with the regulation of autophagic markers including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, p62, beclin 1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, and cathepsin D by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and increasing p53 levels. However, a prolonged exposure to SA resulted in apoptosis characterized by the accumulation of a sub-G1 cell population and an annexin V/propidium iodide-positive cell population. Apoptosis induced by SA was associated with the regulation of apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2, Bax, and Bid, the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and the accumulation of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Further study revealed that cleavage of beclin 1 by caspase-8 plays a critical role in the SA-mediated switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Taken together, these findings highlight the significance of SA in the modulation of crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, as well as the potential use of SA as a novel candidate in the treatment of human colorectal cancer cells. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (No. 2009-0083533) Citation Format: Won Kyung Kim, Yuna Pyee, Hyen Joo Park, Ji-Young Hong, Sang Kook Lee. Antitumor activity of spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, via induction of switch from autophagy to apoptotic cell death [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2322

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and remains the most prevalent. Interplay between PI3K/AMPK/AKT and MAPK pathways is a crucial effector in lung cancer growth and progression. These signals transduction protein kinases serve as good therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which comprises up to 90% of lung cancers. Here, we described whether 21 alpha-Methylmelianodiol (21 alpha-MMD), an active triterpenoid derivative of Poncirus trifoliate, can display anticancer properties by regulating these signals and modulate the occurrence of multidrug resistance in NSCLC cells. We found that 21 alpha-MMD inhibited the growth and colony formation of lung cancer cells without affecting the normal lung cell phenotype. 21 alpha-MMD also abrogated the metastatic activity of lung cancer cells through the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, and induced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest with increased intracellular ROS generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. 21 alpha-MMD regulated the expressions of PI3K/AKT/AMPK and MAPK signaling which drove us to further evaluate its activity on multidrug resistance (MDR) in lung cancer cells by specifying on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/MDR1-association. Employing the established paclitaxel-resistant A549 cells (A549-PacR), we further found that 21 alpha-MMD induced a MDR reversal activity through the inhibition of P-gp/MDR1 expressions, function, and transcription with regained paclitaxel sensitivity which might dependently correlate to the regulation of PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, the mechanistic evaluation in vitro of 21 alpha-MMD displaying growth-inhibiting potential with influence on MDR reversal in human lung cancer cells.

Hydrogen-treated ZnCoO shows magnetic behavior, which is related to the formation of Co-H-Co complexes. However, it is not well known how the complexes are connected to each other and with what directional behavior they are ordered. In this point of view, ZnCoO nanowire is an ideal system for the study of the magnetic anisotropy. ZnCoO nanowire was fabricated by trioctylamine solution method under different ambient gases. We found that the oxidation of trioctylamine plays an essential role on the synthesis of high-quality ZnCoO nanowires. The hydrogen injection to ZnCoO nanowires induced ferromagnetism with larger magnetization than ZnCoO powders, while becoming paramagnetic after vacuum heat treatment. Strong ferromagnetism of nanowires can be explained by the percolation of Co-H-Co complexes along the c-axis.

Copper (Cu) thin films have been widely used as electrodes and interconnection wires in integrated electronic circuits, and more recently as substrates for the synthesis of graphene. However, the ultra-high vacuum processes required for high-quality Cu film fabrication, such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), restricts mass production with low cost. In this work, we demonstrated high-quality Cu thin films using a single-crystal Cu target and radio-frequency (RF) sputtering technique; the resulting film quality was comparable to that produced using MBE, even under unfavorable conditions for pure Cu film growth. The Cu thin film was epitaxially grown on an Al2O3 (sapphire) (0001) substrate, and had high crystalline orientation along the (111) direction. Despite the 10(-3) Pa vacuum conditions, the resulting thin film was oxygen free due to the high chemical stability of the sputtered specimen from a single-crystal target; moreover, the deposited film had >5 x higher adhesion force than that produced using a polycrystalline target. This fabrication method enabled Cu films to be obtained using a simple, manufacturing-friendly process on a large-area substrate, making our findings relevant for industrial applications.

Based on the Wnt inhibitors as potential targets in the development of anticancer agents, natural compounds were evaluated for β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity. A natural lignan hydnocarpin isolated from Lonicera japonica was considered a potential inhibitor for Wnt/β-catenin signalings. The anti-proliferative activity of hydnocarpin was also found to be associated with the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated signaling pathway in human colon cancer cells. These data suggest that hydnocarpin might be a novel Wnt inhibitor and has a potential of signaling regulator in β-catenin-mediated signaling pathways.

A recirculating hydroponic system based on EC-control is not efficient in managing the composition of individual ions in the solution, thereby resulting in a high increase in total concentration of the nutrients and an imbalance of the nutrient salts. This study reports on the development and evaluation of a computer-controlled system with an array of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and four diaphragm pumps for direct measurement and individual control of macronutrients in recirculating hydroponic solutions. The ability of three PVC membrane-based ISEs for simultaneous determination of NO 3 -, K + , and Ca 2+ ions in the closed soilless system was evaluated. A computer program was developed with NI LabVIEW, which could calculate the volumes of individual nutrient stock solutions to be supplied based on real-time measurements of NO 3 -K-Ca ions, and vary the injection times of the metering pumps working at constant injection rates. A performance test of the developed sensing and control system was conducted by varying the concentrations of macronutrients in original lettuce solution contained in a hydroponic tank. The results showed that the NO 3 –K-Ca ISEs exhibited satisfactory performance in measuring nutrient concentrations in hydroponic solution and the target concentrations were prepared as expected when using the automated nutrient management system, showing linear relationships with high determination coefficient of >0.9 between the ISE- dosing methods and standard analyzers.

Effective irrigation control for precision agriculture requires timely and accurate supply of water to a farm field. An autonomous irrigation controller is useful in effectively managing soil water due to both proper decision of irrigation triggering and minimal loss of water. This study reports on the development of an irrigation controller for Korean greenhouse plants. The controller consists of an 8-bit microcontroller, a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter, SD memory card-based data storage, and a Zigbee–module for wireless network. To easily input various configurations of IO channels and the conditions of irrigation decision based on soil and plant types, a GUI-based program was developed with Visual C++. Two algorithms for water control were developed to improve the efficiency of water use. One was to use irrigation and pause times in which the time for soils to be wet is considered for uniform coverage of water. The other was to determine the watering time based on a comparison in water potential between the measured and threshold values. The prototype irrigation controller system was tested in an experimental greenhouse to verify adequate operation of the system. The field results showed that two solenoid valves for different furrows were independently and timely activated when water potentials at a depth of 20 cm reached a target potential of -20 kPa, thereby resulting in an increase in water potential from -30 to -15 kPa. Further studies on the slow response of water potential to the wetting front under drip irrigation were needed to better control water use.

Purpose The aim of this study is to compare the gene expression profile in mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow for characterization of dental stem cells. Methods We employed GeneChip analysis to the expression levels of approximately 32,321 kinds of transcripts in 5 samples of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) (n=1), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) (n=2), and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (n=2). Each cell was sorted by a FACS Vantage Sorter using immunocytochemical staining of the early mesenchymal stem cell surface marker STRO-1 before the microarray analysis. Results We identified 379 up-regulated and 133 down-regulated transcripts in BMSCs, 68 up-regulated and 64 down-regulated transcripts in PDLSCs, and 218 up-regulated and 231 down-regulated transcripts in DPSCs. In addition, anatomical structure development and anatomical structure morphogenesis gene ontology (GO) terms were over-represented in all three different mesenchymal stem cells and GO terms related to blood vessels, and neurons were over-represented only in DPSCs. Conclusions This study demonstrated the genome-wide gene expression patterns of STRO-1+ mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow. The differences among the expression profiles of BMSCs, PDLSCs, and DPSCs were shown, and 999 candidate genes were found to be definitely up- or down-regulated. In addition, GOstat analyses of regulated gene products provided over-represented GO classes. These data provide a first step for discovering molecules key to the characteristics of dental stem cells.

The problem of estimation of the parameter b in the simple diagonal bilinear model {Xt}, Xt=et+bet-1Xt-1, is considered, where {et} is Gaussian white noise with zero mean and possibly unknown variance s2. The asymptotic normality of the moment estimator of b is established for the two cases when s2 is known and s2 is unknown. It is noted that the limit distribution of the least-squares cannot easily be derived analytically. A bootstrap comparison of the sampling distributions of the least-squares and moment estimates shows that both are asymptotically normal with the least-squares estimate being the more efficient.

For the first-order bilinear time series model where {et} is a sequence of independent normal random variables with mean 0 and variance σ2, the asymptotic distribution of the sample autocorrelation function is obtained and shown to follow a normal distribution. The variance of the asymptotic distribution is of a complicated form and hence a bootstrap estimate of the variance is proposed for large sample inference. This result can be used to distinguish between different bilinear models. Finally, we obtain moment estimators of the parameters and derive their asymptotic distribution.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to analyze whether the measurement of changes of the tumor on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), could be applied to predict pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Between January 2013 and October 2013, 155 patients (age range, 31-74 years; mean age, 47.6 years) with pathologically proven breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Pre-and post-treatment measurements and changes in tumor size and dynamic curve pattern of MRI were analyzed. Histological regression was scored on the residual overall tumor cellularity based on Miller-Payne grading system. Results: The change of maximal diameter (ρ = 0.681, p < 0.001), angio-volume of tumor (ρ = 0.683, p < 0.001) and washout ratio of dynamic curve (ρ = 0.607, p < 0.001) measured on MRI showed strong correlation with histological regression. Among them, the correlation factor was highest in the change of angio-volume. The change of plateau ratio of dynamic curve showed moderate correlation (ρ = 0.574, p < 0.001) with histological regression. However, the change of persistent ratio of dynamic curve showed weak correlation (ρ = 0.206, p = 0.011). Conclusions: The change of maximal diameter, angio-volume of tumor and washout ratio of dynamic curve measured on MRI showed strong correlation with residual cellularity in lesions after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and could be applied to predict pathologic response. Citation Format: Hak Hee Kim, Won Kyung Kim, Joo Hee Cha, Hee Jung Shin, Eun Young Chae, Woo Jung Choi. Evaluation of tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: Correlation between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and pathologic tumor cellularity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-04.

Purpose This study was conducted to compare the cumulative survival rates (CSRs) and the incidence of postloading complications (PLCs) between a bone-level internal connection system (ICS-BL) and an external connection system (ECS). Methods The medical records of patients treated with either a ICS-BL or ECS between 2007 and 2010 at Asan Medical Center were reviewed. PLCs were divided into two categories: biological and technical. Biological complications included >4 mm of probing pocket depth, thread exposure in radiographs, and soft tissue complications, whereas technical complications included chipping of the veneering material, fracture of the implant, fracture of the crown, loosening or fracture of the abutment or screw, loss of retention, and loss of access hole filling material. CSRs were determined by a life-table analysis and compared using the log-rank chi-square test. The incidence of PLC was compared with the Pearson chi-squared test. Results A total of 2,651 implants in 1,074 patients (1,167 ICS-BLs in 551 patients and 1,484 ECSs in 523 patients) were analyzed. The average observation periods were 3.4 years for the ICS-BLs and 3.1 years for the ECSs. The six-year CSR of all implants was 96.1% (94.9% for the ICS-BLs and 97.1% for the ECSs, P=0.619). Soft tissue complications were more frequent with the ECSs (P=0.005) and loosening or fracture of the abutment or screw occurred more frequently with the ICS-BLs (P

A novel aqueous two-phase system was made by mixing PEG (polyethylene glycol) and levan. The partitioning experiments were performed with six model proteins: horse heart cytochrome c, horse hemoglobin, horse heart myoglobin, hen egg albumin, bovine serum albumin and hen egg lysozyme. The addition of NaCI increased the partition coefficient of lysozyme but decreased that of albumin. The partition coefficients were sensitive to pH, increasing in the pH range of 6 to 8 for five of the proteins tested and decreasing slightly for lysozyme.

The antiproliferative and antitumor activities of 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (1), a phenylpropanoid isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia , were investigated using human colorectal cancer cells. Compound 1 exhibited antiproliferative effects in HCT116 colon cancer cells, accompanied by modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin cell signaling pathway. This substance was found also to inhibit β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) transcriptional activity in HEK293 cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells. Further mechanistic investigations in human colon cancer cells with aberrantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling showed that 1 suppressed significantly the binding of β-catenin/TCF complexes to their specific genomic targets in the nucleus and led to the down-regulation of Wnt target genes such as c-myc and cyclin D1. In an in vivo xenograft model, the intraperitoneal administration of 1 (10 or 20 mg/kg body weight, three times/week) for four weeks suppressed tumor growth in athymic nude mice implanted with HCT116 colon cancer cells significantly, without any apparent toxicity. In an ex vivo biochemical analysis of the tumors, compound 1 was also found to suppress Wnt target genes associated with tumor growth including β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1, and survivin. The suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a plausible mechanism of action underlying the antiproliferative and antitumor activity of 1 in human colorectal cancer cells (Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) No. 20120004939) Citation Format: Won Kyung Kim, Jedo Oh, Song Yi Bae, Jayoung Song, Yoonho Shin, Tae Joon Choi, Eun Ju Jeong, So Hyun Park, Eun Jeong Jang, Ji In Kang, Hyen Joo Park, Ji-Young Hong, Min Ai Lee, Hwa-Jin Chung, Sang Kook Lee. Antitumor activity of 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde against human colorectal cancer cells is mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4237. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4237

Five oxazole-containing macrolides isolated from the marine sponge Chondrosia corticata were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity in a panel of human solid cancer cell lines. (19Z)-Halichondramide ((19Z)-HCA), a novel trisoxazole-containing macrolide, exhibited the highest potency among the macrolides, with IC50 values in the submicro-molar ranges. Prompted by the high potency of growth inhibition of cancer cells, we investigated the mechanism of action of the anti-proliferative activity of (19Z)-HCA in human A549 lung cancer cells. (19Z)-HCA induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and this event was highly correlated with the expression of checkpoint proteins, including the up-regulation of p53 and GADD45α and the down-regulation of cyclin B1, cyclin A, CDC2, and CDC25C. In addition, the growth inhibition by (19Z)-HCA was associated with the suppression of mTOR and its downstream effector molecules 4EBP1 and p70S6K. The modulation of mTOR signaling by (19Z)-HCA was found to be mediated by the regulation of upstream proteins, including the down-regulation of Akt and p38 MAPK and the up-regulation of AMPK. These data suggest the potential of (19Z)-HCA to serve as a candidate for cancer chemotherapeutic agents derived from marine organisms by virtue of arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and the modulation of mTOR/AMPK signaling pathways. [Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the MarineBio Research Program (NRF-2013045101) of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST).] Citation Format: Song Yi Bae, Jayoung Song, Yoonho Shin, Won Kyung Kim, Jedo Oh, Tae Joon Choi, Eun Ju Jeong, So Hyun Park, Eun Jeong Jang, Ji In Kang, Hyen Joo Park, Ji-Young Hong, Gi Dae Kim, Ju-eun Jeon, Jongheon Shin, Sang Kook Lee. Anti-proliferative effect of (19Z)-halichondramide from the sponge Chondrosia corticata via G2/M cell cycle arrest and suppression of mTOR signaling in human lung cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4235. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4235

Our previous study revealed that (-)-antofine, a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid from Cynanchum paniculatum Kitagawa (Asclepiadaceae), exhibited a potent growth inhibition activity against A549 human lung cancer cells. Based on the information several analogs were designed and synthesized to procure new entities. A novel (-)-antofine C-13a analog ((R)-4b) was found to be a potential growth inhibition and antitumor activities in A549 cells. Treatment with (R)-4b for 24 hours did not result in the induction of apoptotic cell death but moderately induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and inhibited the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4 and pRb. In addition, (R)-4b suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream effectors such as 4E-BP-1 and eIF4E. The paclitaxel-resistance was also overcome in human lung cancer cells (A549-Pa) via the suppression of p-glycoprotein expression. Furthermore, (R)-4b significantly inhibited the tumor growth of A549 and A549-Pa xenografts in a nude mouse model. Taken together, these findings suggest that (R)-4b might be a potential candidate for the development of cancer chemotherapeutic agents derived from natural products. Citation Format: Jayoung Song, Song Yi Bae, Yoonho Shin, Won Kyung Kim, Jedo Oh, Tae Joon Choi, Eun Ju Jeong, So Hyun Park, Eun Jeong Jang, Ji In Kang, Hyen Joo Park, Ji-Young Hong, Hwa-Jin Chung, Yongseok Kwon, Sanghee Kim, Sang Kook Lee. Antitumor activity of a novel (-)-antofine analog in human lung cancer cells and paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4236

Based on hydrogen-mediated ferromagnetism and a selective hydrogen exposure technique, i.e., hydrogen lithography, we attempted to produce magnetic domains in a paramagnetic host. Hydrogen lithography on Co-doped ZnO with an anodic aluminum oxide template was used to produce nanomagnetic domains in paramagnetic Co-doped ZnO. The domains showed in-plane magnetization with a head-to-tail configuration at room temperature, which is consistent with the object-oriented micro-magnetic framework simulations.

We investigated the effects of Al doping on ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO and the mechanisms that give rise to ferromagnetism in hydrogen-injected ZnCoO. The aim of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of ferromagnetism or the strength of the magnetization is related to the charge carrier mobility, charge carrier density, or the presence of defects in the crystal lattice. Al doping increased the carrier density, as well as the density of oxygen vacancies and the lattice strain; however, these physical properties were not related to the changes in magnetism. Al-doped and undoped ZnCoO showed an increase in ferromagnetism as a function of the hydrogen plasma treatment time. Al doping suppressed the hydrogen-mediated ferromagnetism in ZnCoO:H by trapping hydrogen via oxygen vacancies created by Al doping.

This paper presents the effect of Segment thickness during Shield TBM tunnelling in case study. In order to perform this study, the ground condition developed in the investigation site are reviewed and analysed. It is also carried out the construction problems occurred in the site during Shield TBM tunnelling. Several Segments were broken partially during advance tunnel by jacking pressure. The data surveyed from site are analysed in order to investigate the cause of Segment break. The numerical and analytical evaluations are carried out to examine the effect of Segment behaviour. From the results, it is found that the main causes of Segment break may be the jacking system and Segment thickness. In addition, new jacking technique is suggested to install safely the Segment during advance tunnel by jacking.

We report on ferromagnetic spin ordering in amorphous Co-doped InGaZnO (Co-IGZO) based on hydrogen mediation. The amorphous structure was maintained after hydrogenation using hot isostatic pressing. Changes in the electrical and optical characteristics were attributed to interactions between hydrogen and each element in Co-IGZO. The ferromagnetism of hydrogenated Co-IGZO, induced in the amorphous phase without long-range ordering, was manifested by spin-spin interactions of the Co–H–Co complex acting as an individual magnetic unit, similar to a single molecular magnet. It is suggested that the electron carriers mediate the correlation between Co–H–Co units.

A pleural hemangioma is an extremely rare disease. Few studies have reported on the radiologic appearance of chest wall hemangioma, especially originating from the parietal pleura. We describe a 45-year-old female patient with a soft tissue mass in the parietal pleura showing centripetal enhancement on dynamic CT. The patient underwent surgery and the pathologic examination confirmed the presence of a capillary hemangioma. Index terms Hemangioma

We carried out hydrogen injection in amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment under different pressures ranging from 10 to 1000 bar and investigated the stable site of hydrogen in a-IGZO. The HIP process efficiently injected hydrogen in the whole sample without the formation of indium clusters. Despite oxygen annealing, hydrogenated a-IGZO maintained a high electrical conductivity (n∼1019 cm−3 and μ∼16 cm2/V s) without any noticeable physical degradation. In this paper, we discuss the dependence of the preferential position of hydrogen in a-IGZO on the magnitude of pressure and its contribution on the electrical characteristics.

Purpose: Ultrasonic scalers have been widely used for removing biofilm which is considered as major etiologic factor of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of working parameters of piezoeletric ultrasonic scaler with scaler tip (No. 1 tip) on casting gold alloy removal. Methods: Type III dental casting gold alloy (Firmilay ® , Jelenko Inc, CA, USA) was used as substitute for tooth substance. Piezoeletric ultrasonic scaler and No.1 scaler tip (P-Max ® , Satelec, France) were selected. The selected working parameters were mode (P mode, S mode), power setting (2, 4, 8) and lateral force (0.5 N, 1.0 N, 2.0 N). The effect of working parameters was evaluated in terms of ablation depth, ablation width and ablation area. Results: Mode influenced ablation depth and ablation area. Power also influenced ablation depth and ablation area. Especially, Power 2 and power 8 showed statistically significant difference. Lateral force had influence on ablation width, and 0.5 N resulted significant increase compared with 1.0 N and 2.0 N. Ablation depth was influenced by mode, power and lateral force and defect width was influenced by lateral force. Ablation area was influenced by mode and power. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the use of piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with No. 1 scaler tip in S mode and high power may result in significant loss of tooth substance. (J Korean Acad Periodontol 2009;39:139-148)

Purpose: In this study we evaluated the morphologic aspects of defects created by a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with scaler tip on casting gold alloy using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and defect surface profiles. Methods: 54 blocks of type III casting gold alloy (Firmilay, Jellenko Inc, CA, USA) were scaled by a piezoelectric ultra- sonic scaler (P-MAX, Satelec, France) with scaler tip (No. 1 tip) on a sledge device. 2-dimensional profiles of defects on all samples were investigated by a surface profilometer (a-Step 500, KLA-Tencor, CA, USA). The selected working param- eters were lateral force (0.5 N, 1.0 N, 2.0 N), mode (P mode, S mode), and power setting (2, 4, 8). SEM images were obtained. Defect surface profiles were made on Microsoft Excel program using data obtained by a surface profilometer. Results: Among P mode samples, there were similarities on defect surface profiles and SEM images regardless of lateral force. The defects created in P mode were narrow and shallow although the depth and the width increased as power setting changed low (2) to high (8). In P mode samples, the defect depth was the greatest when lateral force of 0.5 N was applied. However all the depths were smaller than 1 m. SEM images of Lateral force of 0.5 N, S mode, power setting 2 and 4 were similar to that of P mode, but the other SEM images of S mode showed discernible changes. Defect depth of S mode samples was the greatest when lateral force of 1.0 N was applied. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concoluded that removing capability of piezoelectric scaler with scaler tip becomes maximized as power level becomes higher but the capability is restricted when excessive lateral force is applied on scaler tip. (J Korean Acad Periodontol 2009;39:385-390)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency on pulpodentinal complex of tooth in ovariectomized rats. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10 weeks old, were used. Rats were grouped into two groups. One group (n = 15) was subjected to sham surgery (SHAM) and the other group (n = 15) was ovariectomized bilaterally (OVX). Animals were sacri- ficed 12 weeks later, and their mandibular molars and associated periodontal supporting tissues were dissected out, and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. For comparison of groups, immunostained for osteonectin. Histomorphometrical measurement of change of teeth was performed using an image analysis system and paired t-test was used and the level of significance for overall differences was set at p < 0.05. In immunostaining of osteonectin, they were significantly different from each other. The predentin thickness in OVX rats was wider than in SHAM rats. And in SHAM rats, osteonectin was more specifi- cally stained in predentin areas than in OVX rats. These results indicate that estrogen deficiency increased the unmineralized predentin areas and decreased osteonectin content in pulpal tissues in rats. If our result is applicable to human studies, odotoblast is affected by estrogen deficiency. ABSTRACT

최근 근관 치료 영역에서는 적절한 기계적 근관 성형과 근관 세척으로만 효과적으로 근관 내 미생물의 숫자를 감소시 킬 수 있어 다른 약제의 사용은 권장되고 있지 않다. 그럼에도 불구하고 수 종의 근관내 약제는 감염된 근관에서 미생물 의 숫자를 줄이고 근관 내용물의 불활성화와 삼출액을 줄이기 위해 사용되고 있다. 그 중 포름 알데하이드를 함유하고 있는 Depulpin과 근관 치료학에서 오랫동안 널리 사용되어온 수산화 칼슘을 포함하고 있는 Tempcanal과 Vitapex 등에 대한 세포 독성은 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 못한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이들 약제가 백서에서의 세포 독 성에 미치는 영향에 관하여 고찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 백서 숫놈 20마리를 사용하여, 각 각의 쥐는 케타민과 럼푼을 근육내 주사하여 마취하였고, 복부 의 피하 부위를 절개한 뒤 3개씩의 Teflon-coating된 매식체를 삽입하였다. 매식체 안에는 각각 Tempcanal, Vitapex, Depulpin을 넣고, 백서 20마리를 6개군으로 나누어 매식체 삽입 후 1주 뒤, 4주 뒤에 희생시켜 매식체 주 위 조직을 잘라내고 10% 포르말린에 고정 후 파라핀에 포매 하였다. 미세 절단기로 4μm로 연속 절단 후, hematoxyline-eosin 염색 후 3명의 관찰자가 광학 현미경으로 관찰하여 염증의 정도를 4단계로 평가한 뒤 Kruskall-Wallis test (P< 0.05)로 통계 처리하였다. 그 결과 제 1군(Tempcanal 7일후 군), 제 2군(Vitapex 7일후 군), 제 3군(Depulpin 7일후 군) 모두 중등도의 염증도를 보였으나, 세 군간에 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 그러나, 제 4군(Tempcanal 30일후 군)과, 제 5군(Vitapex 30일후 군)의 경우에서는 약한 염증도를 보여주었으나, 제 6군(Depulpin 30일후 군)은 가장 심한 염증 반응과 함께 조직 괴사의 양상을 보여주었으며, 4, 5군과 6군간에 통계학적 유의성을 보였다. 본 실험 결과, Depulpin은 Tempcanal와 Vitapex에 비해 높은 세포 독성을 보여주고 있으나, 좀 더 많은 임상적 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. [J Kor Acad Cons Dent 29(1):23-29, 2004]