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Anal cancer may be caused by the sexually-transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV causes genital warts and is already strongly associated with cervical cancer. In a telephone survey of 417 patients with anal cancer and 1,088 without the disease in Denmark and Sweden, histories of sexual promiscuity, venereal disease, and anal intercourse were more common in those with anal cancer. Eighty-four percent of the anal-cancer tumors tested contained one of the high-risk types of HPV. This strong association, and previous research, implicate HPV as a probable cause of anal cancer, which means anal cancer may be preventable.

There appears to be no association between induced abortion and the risk of breast cancer. Danish researchers used a population registry and an abortion registry to see if there was a link between abortion and breast cancer. Among the 1.5 million women studied, there were 370,715 abortions and 10,246 cases of breast cancer. Women who had had an abortion had the same risk of breast cancer as those who had never had one. Scientists have speculated that abortion may increase the risk of breast cancer because full-term pregnancy seems to protect women from developing breast cancer.

Background: Little is known about the prognosis regarding shunt revision and mortality among hydrocephalus patients below 2 years of age. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the cumulative risks of shunt revision (SR) and mortality and (2) the potential associations between prematurity, low weight for gestational age (LWGA), underlying aetiology, sex, age of the child at shunt placement, and the risk of SR. Method: This was a purely register-based cohort study including all shunted hydrocephalic infants in Denmark 1996–2015. The cumulative risks of SR and mortality were estimated using the Aalen-Johansen and Kaplan-Meier estimators, respectively. A multivariable Cox-regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for SR according to the listed patient-related risk factors. Results: Among 374 shunted infantile hydrocephalus patients accounting for 1047 SRs, the 3-month and 1-year cumulative risks of SR were 36% and 50%, respectively. The overall 10-year cumulative mortality was 12%, and for non-tumour subgroups 7–16% (isolated hydrocephalus 7%). The 10-year cumulative mortality for children born with LWGA was 21%. Except for aetiology, we observed no strong overall associations between the investigated risk factors and the risk of SR but interaction analyses for aetiology showed that patients with Dandy-Walker malformation born with LWGA had a higher risk of SR compared to patients of similar aetiology with normal WGA (HR 2.47, 95% CI: 1.39–4.40). Conclusions: We found very high cumulative risks of SR and mortality among this youngest group of hydrocephalus patients, disregarding aetiology, but none of them were strongly related to the investigated risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to describe histopathologic characteristics of synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC), and by comparing SBBC to unilateral breast cancer (UBC), identify possible etiological mechanisms of SBBC. Methods: Patients with primary SBBC (diagnosed within 4 months) and UBC diagnosed in Denmark between 1999 and 2015 were included. Detailed data on histopathology were retrieved from the Danish Breast Cancer Group database and the Danish Pathology Register. Associations between bilateral disease and the different histopathologic characteristics were evaluated by odds ratios and estimated by multinomial regression models. Results: 1214 patients with SBBC and 59,221 with UBC were included. Patients with SBBC more often had invasive lobular carcinomas (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.13–1.47), a clinically distinct subtype of breast cancer, than UBC patients. Further, they were older than UBC patients, more often had multifocal cancer (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.01–1.26), and a less aggressive subtype than UBC patients. Invasive lobular carcinoma was associated with having multiple tumors in breast tissue—both in the form of bilateral disease and multifocal disease, and this association was independent of laterality. No similar pattern was observed for other tumor characteristics. Conclusion: We identified two etiological mechanisms that could explain some of the occurrence of SBBC. The high proportion of less aggressive carcinomas and higher age of SBBC compared to UBC patients suggests that many are diagnosed at a subclinical stage as slow-growing tumors have a higher probability of simultaneous diagnosis. The high proportion of invasive lobular carcinoma observed in bilateral and multifocal disease, being independent of laterality, suggests that these patients have an increased propensity to malignant tumor formation in breast tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]