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(237/300 words)Background: 20-30% of prisoners meet diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methylphenidate reduces ADHD symptoms but effects in prisoners are uncertain due to 16 comorbid mental health and substance use disorders. Aim: To estimate the efficacy of an Osmotic-Release-Oral-System methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) in reducing ADHD symptoms in young adult prisoners with ADHD. Methods: An 8-week parallel arm, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of OROS-methylphenidate versus placebo in male prisoners (aged 16-25) meeting DSM-5 criteria for ADHD. Primary outcome was ADHD symptoms at 8-weeks using the investigator rated Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS-O). Thirteen secondary outcome measures included emotional dysregulation, mind-wandering, violent attitudes, mental health symptoms, and prison officer and educational staff ratings of behaviour and aggression.Findings: Mean CAARS-O at 8 weeks in the OROS-methylphenidate arm was estimated to be reduced 26 by 0.57 points relative to the Placebo arm (95% CI: -2.41 to 3.56) and non-significant. The responder rate, defined as a 20% reduction in CAARS-O scores was 48.3% for the OROS-methylphenidate arm28 and 47.9% for the placebo arm. No statistically significant trial arm difference were detected for any of the secondary outcomes. Mean final titrated dose was 53.8 mg in the OROS-methylphenidate arm.Conclusions: ADHD symptoms did not respond to OROS-methylphenidate in young adult prisoners. The findings do not support routine treatment with OROS-methylphenidate in this population. Further research is needed to evaluate effects of higher average dosing and adherence to treatment, multimodal treatments, and preventative interventions in the community.Trial registration: EudraCT Number 2015-004271-78; ISRCTN16827947. Database lock 27th August 2019

MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) was commissioned by Blueprint Architectural Design, on behalf of the clients Melanie and Robin Randle, to undertake a programme of historic building recording at an outbuilding to the rear of Ashmoor, Flitton, Bedfordshire (NGR TL 059 357, Fig 1). This was required as part of a condition attached to consent for the proposed development of demolition of the existing brick outbuilding and erection of a new outbuilding as an annex (Planning Ref. CB/21/01753/FULL). The outbuilding likely has an original construction date sometime between the late 18th and mid-19th century. Although currently associated with Ashmoor House the outbuilding predates the construction of the house itself and may have originally been associated with other nearby historical homesteads or with the Vicarage to the north. The primary construction was a red brick building with some attention given to structural details like the chequerboard pattern to the brick walls. The structure is a typical outbuilding and could have been used for storage of tools and produce, potentially for the keeping of livestock, but like many outbuildings; it was likely mutli-purpose.

The evaluation fieldwork comprised the excavation of four trenches in the locations shown on the attached plan. Three trenches measured 20m in length and one trench measured 15m in length. All trenches measured 1.8m in width. The trenches were located to provide a representative sample of the site. During the course of the evaluation, Trenches 1 and 2 were both relocated due to the presence of overhead services, and Trench 2 was shortened from 20m to 15m due to its proximity to an upstanding structure. In August 2022, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Scot's Lawn, East Brent, Highbridge, Somerset. A total of four trenches were excavated. No finds, deposits or features of archaeological interest were observed and no artefactual material predating the modern period was recovered.

The illegal wildlife trade is widely recognized as a threat to biodiversity and a global crime problem estimated at tens of billions in U.S. dollars yearly. Primates are one of many animal groups impacted by wildlife crime, but a global assessment had not been conducted to direct criminological focus to specific crimes. This dissertation begins with such an assessment (Study 1), identifying habitat loss, hunting for food, and hunting for pets as correlates of a worsened endangerment status for primates. These results determined the research foci of the two subsequent chapters (illegal habitat loss and hunting for food). Crime science exploits the many ways that crime concentrates so that crime patterns and processes may be understood and reduction strategies formed accordingly. Studies 2 and 3 conform to this approach, examining the distribution of illegal deforestation across space and time (Study 2) and of poaching for meat across targets (Study 3). The first analytic component of Study 2 expands the criminology of place literature on the law of crime concentration by testing this “law” in a rural environment. Observed illegal deforestation was highly concentrated across 15 protected areas, particularly in larger parks. The second component uses a spatio-temporal regression analysis to identify the environmental and socioeconomic drivers of forest loss in one park inhabited by orangutans. During years when poverty depth was greater and in spaces within the park that were flatter, closer to the park boundary, and farther from roads and resource concessions areas, illegal forest loss was significantly more likely, indicating that these environmental and socioeconomic factors drive deforestation within the park.In Study 3, primate targets of illegal hunting for food were profiled according to CRAAVED characteristics of “hot primates,” reflecting similar crime science analyses of “hot products” (i.e., those stolen at highest rates). Locally abundant, diurnal, loudly vocal species with smaller average bodyweight and social groups were more likely to be targeted. These studies aim to demonstrate the utility of crime science to primate conservation and expand the crime science and criminology of place literatures by examining patterns of “atypical” crimes in rural environments.

Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) has been commissioned by Scroxton & Partners on behalf of Charlotte Clarke, to undertake a programme of archaeological building recording to Level 1 at 132 Main Road, Wilby. The archaeological works are being carried out prior to the proposed alterations which include insertion of new openings, creating of a lobby, removal of an internal wall, and re-hanging of doors. The areas that are proposed for alterations were targeted focus of the survey and much modern fabric was revealed. The various rear ranges have a clearly defined structural sequence which is also reflected in the survival of internal fixtures and fittings. Much alteration has already occurred and there was little historic fabric visible as a whole.

The watching brief comprised the observation by a competent archaeologist of all intrusive groundworks associated with the proposed development. These works comprised ground reduction, to the required formation level, for the extension to the existing building and associated garden landscaping. In June 2019, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological watching brief during groundworks associated with the construction of a single-storey extension at Abbey Old House, Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. The remains of two ovens, possibly of a medieval date, were identified during groundworks associated with the development. A further, albeit truncated, base of a structure was also identified and may represent the remains of a further oven.

Synopsis Patients with non-cancer pain reported increased pain and pain interference during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We determined if pain, prescription opioid use, and comorbidities were associated with perceived COVID-19-related stress as the pandemic peaked. Analysis of survey data revealed that depression/anxiety, pain severity, and pain interference were most strongly and consistently associated with greater stress due to COVID-19 related changes in lifestyle, worsening of emotional/mental health and worsening pain. Identifying specific stressful experiences that most impacted patients with non-cancer pain may help target public health and treatment interventions. BACKGROUND: During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with chronic pain reported increased pain severity and interference. This study measured the association between pain, prescription opioid use, and comorbidities with perceived COVID-19-related stress as the pandemic peaked in the United States. METHODS: From 9/2020 to 3/2021, the first 149 subjects from a prospective cohort study of non-cancer pain, completed a survey which contained the Complementary and Integrative Research (CAIR) Pandemic Impact Questionnaire (C-PIQ). Respondents also reported whether the pandemic has contributed to their pain or opioid use. Bivariate comparisons explored patient characteristics with each CAIR domain. RESULTS: Respondents mean age was 54.6 (±11.3) years, 69.8% were female, 64.6% were White. Respondent characteristics were not associated with reading/watching/thinking about the pandemic or with worry about health. Depression/anxiety (p=0.003), using any prescription opioid in the prior three months (p=0.009), higher morphine milligram equivalent used (p=0.005), higher pain severity (p=0.011), and higher pain interference (p=0.0004) were all positively and significantly associated with moderate to severe stress due to COVID-19 related lifestyle changes. Depression/anxiety, pain severity, and pain interference were positively associated with COVID-19-related worsening emotional/mental health. Depression/anxiety were significantly (p

Due to onsite ecological constraints, the programme of archaeological work was undertaken in two phases. The Phase 1 works comprised the excavation of 11 evaluation trenches, each measuring 30m in length by 1.8m in width, and the subsequent monitoring of the machine reduction of an area of c. 900m2. The Phase 2 works comprised the excavation of a further five evaluation trenches. During the course of the evaluation the position of the trenches was adjusted to avoid buried services and extant modern structures where possible. In May and August 2022, Cotswold Archaeology carried out a programme of archaeological work on land at Severn Road, Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire. A total of 15 evaluation trenches were excavated and three areas of groundworks were archaeologically monitored. A probable Roman pit was identified in a trench excavated in the south-western part of site, with its location corresponding to a probable gravel island deposited by riverine action. Structural remains, correlating with boundary walls and buildings relating to a late 19th to early 20th-century carpet works, as depicted on historic mapping were recorded across the site. A reinforced concrete basement and a 600mm narrow gauge hand cart rail system, recorded in the centre of the site, are considered likely to be associated with the use of site as a munitions factory during the Second World War. A post-medieval/modern animal burial was identified in the southern extent of the site, and late 20th-century structural remains, likely relating to the post-War expansion of the carpet works and its subsequent demolition in the early 21st century, were also recorded.