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Objective Amidst COVID-19 disruptions, e-therapy has become even more essential and has rapidly expanded across statutory, private and third sectors to meet growing demands for digital mental health support. A challenge in digital therapeutic care is how to develop and maintain a supportive, collaborative therapeutic relationship, built upon mutual trust and respect; intrinsic values of relationships that are often implied through complex non-verbal cues. Online practitioners are eager to learn how to adapt to online delivery, although platform-specific training is limited. The aim of the current study was to focus upon the therapist experience of online therapeutic relationships with young people, exploring a range of factors through their perspectives, including the impact of anonymity. Methods Eight e-therapy practitioners were recruited from Kooth, an online mental health service. Narrative interviews undertaken via Skype facilitated reflective conversational one-to-one discussions, based upon the practitioners’ individual experiences, led by the interviewee. Following transcription and anonymisation, a narrative analysis was undertaken to explore participants’ experiences, perspectives and reflections. Results Four analytic layers arose from the narratives, which explored the challenging learning experience of translating existing therapeutic skills to online working, rapidly building therapeutic relationships, managing risk in the online therapeutic relationship, and techniques for maintaining a digital therapeutic relationship. Conclusions The study provides novel insights into the flexibility and adjustments therapists can make to improve online interventions and delivery through the development and maintenance of positive therapeutic relationships. Recommendations are also made in relation to platform-specific training, communicative adaptations, risk management and practitioner support.

Objective: Amid COVID-19 disruptions, e-therapy has become even more essential and has rapidly expanded across statutory, private and third sectors to meet growing demands for digital mental health support. A challenge in digital therapeutic care is how to develop and maintain a supportive, collaborative therapeutic relationship, built upon mutual trust and respect; intrinsic values of relationships that are often implied through complex non-verbal cues. Online practitioners are eager to learn how to adapt to online delivery, although platform-specific training is limited. The aim of the current study was to focus upon the therapist experience of online therapeutic relationships with young people, exploring a range of factors through their perspectives, including the impact of anonymity. Methods: Eight e-therapy practitioners were recruited from Kooth, an online mental health service. Narrative interviews undertaken via Skype facilitated reflective conversational one-to-one discussions, based upon the practitioners’ individual experiences, led by the interviewee. Following transcription and anonymisation, a narrative analysis was undertaken to explore participants’ experiences, perspectives and reflections. Results: Four analytic layers arose from the narratives, which explored the challenging learning experience of translating existing therapeutic skills to online working, rapidly building therapeutic relationships, managing risk in the online therapeutic relationship, and techniques for maintaining a digital therapeutic relationship. Conclusion: The study provides novel insights into the flexibility and adjustments therapists can make to improve online interventions and delivery through the development and maintenance of positive therapeutic relationships. Recommendations are also made in relation to platform-specific training, communicative adaptations, risk management and practitioner support.

An economic analysis was conducted to assess the feasibility of feeding greater inclusions of corn silage in finishing diets. Cattle were fed two inclusions of corn silage (15 and 45% of diet dry matter) with or without tylosin. Cattle fed 15% corn silage with tylosin had the best feed conversion, 15 % corn silage without tylosin was intermediate, and both 45% corn silage with and without tylosin had the poorest feed conversion. Feeding corn silage at greater inclusions decreased ADG but increased final body weight when fed to an equal fatness (28 days longer). However, feeding corn silage at 45% was more economical compared to feeding 15% corn silage, especially at higher corn prices, provided shrink is well managed (less than 15%). Feeding elevated concentrations of corn silage may have an economic advantage while also offering the addition of liver abscess control in finishing diets without tylosin.

A finishing study was conducted to assess the impact of increasing silage inclusion in finishing diets to reduce the prevalence of liver abscesses in beef cattle. Cattle were fed two inclusions of corn silage (15 or 45% of diet dry matter), with or without tylosin for control of liver abscesses. Cattle fed 15% corn silage had a 2% improvement in feed efficiency when tylosin was added to the diet. However, in cattle fed 45% corn silage, no improvements in feed efficiency were observed when tylosin was added to the diet. Cattle fed 15% corn silage without tylosin, had the greatest prevalence of liver abscesses (34.5%) compared to other treatments, and abscess prevalence was decreased to 19% if tylosin was fed with 15% corn silage. Feeding 45% silage was effective at lowering liver abscess prevalence which was 12.4%, regardless of whether tylosin was fed. Feeding corn silage at 45% of diet dry matter was as effective as feeding tylosin at controlling abscess rates. Feeding corn silage at greater inclusions decreased average daily gain but increased final body weight when fed to an equal fatness (28 days longer). Feeding elevated concentrations of corn silage in diets containing distillers grains may be a viable method to control liver abscesses without antibiotic use, but has performance implications.

Lois Lowry structures the events of her well-known young adult novel The Giver on the hero’s journey cycle. The hero’s journey is not often studied in The Giver, yet its stages highlight and mirror the challenging stages common to young adult readers’ lives. The Giver also refreshes the traditional hero’s journey form by presenting a mental and emotional journey instead of the standard physical quest. This unique form creates a greater connection to The Giver’s target adolescent readers by more closely paralleling the mental and emotional realities of their lives through their journey from childhood to adulthood.

The use of digital technologies with the aim to improve African smallholder agriculture is a trend today, and expectations of the benefits and transformative capacity of these technologies are high. In practice, digitalisation comes with trade-offs, and benefits, and potential harm are not equally distributed. This chapter unravels how processes of digitalisation in smallholder agriculture may lead to inclusion and exclusion of people in the present or future. A broad variety of inclusion and exclusion factors are discussed across three levels: specific digital technologies; digital innovation packages; and the digital innovation system. This shows how a complex interplay between access conditions, design choices, and system complexity determine if and how inclusion and exclusion takes place, at what level, for whom, and with what impact. In doing so, the chapter breaks with the normative assumption that inclusion is always positive and exclusion always negative. Instead, when it comes to the use of digital technologies in smallholder agriculture, inclusion and exclusion are more than a binary distinction between ‘who is in’ and ‘who is out,’ or what is ‘good’ and what is ‘bad.’