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Electro-optic detection of bunch charge distribution utilizing the nonlinear Pockel's and Kerr effect of materials has been implemented at various facilities as a method of passive detection for beam preservation throughout characterization. Most commonly, the inorganic II-VI material ZnTe is employed due to it's strong Pockel's EO effect and relatively high temporal resolution (~90 fs). Despite early exploration of radiation damage on ZnTe in exploration of semi-conductor materials in the 1970's, full characterization of EO response over radiation lifetime has yet to be performed. The following poster presents a method for ZnTe crystal characterization studies throughout radiation exposure at various energies and dosages by analyzing the changes in index of refraction including bulk uniformity, and THz signal response changes., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

The Colorado State University (CSU) Accelerator Facility will include a 6-MeV L-Band electron linear accelerator (linac) with a free-electron laser (FEL) system capable of producing Terahertz (THz) radiation, a laser laboratory, a microwave test stand, and a magnetic test stand. The photocathode drive linac will be used in conjunction with a hybrid undulator capable of producing THz radiation. Details of the systems used in CSU Accelerator Facility are discussed., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

Background According to 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, South Carolina has the fourth highest rate of overall diabetes among the 50 states (9.3%) but the second highest rate among African Americans (15.5%). Nationwide, African Americans are disproportionately affected by diabetes. In addition, 40% of the African American population in South Carolina lives in a rural area, and approximately 26% live at or below the poverty level. Lack of access to health care and diabetes education are additional barriers for people with diabetes and their families. Context Since 1997, the South Carolina Diabetes Prevention and Control Program and the Diabetes Today Advisory Council have sponsored the African American Conference on Diabetes, which targets African Americans with diabetes, their families, and their caregivers. This article describes the evolution of the conference and its evaluation. Methods In 2002, we conducted focus groups with 20 African American conference attendees with diabetes to 1) assess the program's effects, 2) determine how to reach more individuals, and 3) improve programming. In 2004, we incorporated the preconference and postconference Diabetes Understanding Scale survey to assess the cognitive impact of the conference on participants. Consequences Focus group results revealed that participants wanted to attend the conference because of the opportunity to increase their knowledge and change their behaviors through 1) education, 2) social support, 3) resources, and 4) logistics. Self-rated understanding increased significantly after the conference for each cognitive understanding item on the Diabetes Understanding Scale. Interpretation Focus group results suggested that participants who continue to attend the conference year after year may improve diabetes self-management skills. A quantitative evaluation showed that this 1-day diabetes education conference significantly increased short-term, self-rated cognitive understanding of diabetes behaviors.

The MCAS Way extends the MCAS concept of atomic orbitals to molecular bonding. There are many examples given for each bonding type. Part I: The MCAS atomic orbital concept. There are no spherical orbitals and spin pairing does not occur through spin reversal. Quantum numbers do not validate coexistence in identical space. Part II: Single bonds. There are no sigma-bonds wherein two electrons occupy identical space on a line between nuclei; only off-axis (Xi) bonding. Covalent bonding is purely electrostatic; just like ionic bonding. Part III: Triple bonds. There are no Pi-bonds in a triple bond. Part IV: Simple double bonds. There are no sigma bonds; only Pi| and Pi_ bonds. Part V: Multiple bonds. The traditional Pi-cloud is only a group of reciprocating, vertically pumping, electron pistons. Electrons conjugate by flowing around nuclei in the nuclear plane. Atoms adopt a twelve-lobed (T12) orbital arrangement for multiple bonding. Aromaticity is defined by 2(2n+1), not (4n+2). Part VI: Miscellaneous compounds. Isoelectronic XO3, phosphorous and its oxides, and boranes., Comment: 61 pages with figures in 41gif files

In the particle in the box problem, the particle is not in both boxes at the same time as some would have you believe. It is a set definition situation with the two boxes being part of a set that also contains a particle. Set and subset differences are explored. Atomic electron orbitals can be mimicked by roulette wheel probability; thus ELECTRONIC ROULETTE. 0 and 00 serve as boundary limits and are on opposite sides of the central core - a point that quantum physics ignores. Considering a stray marble on the floor as part of the roulette wheel menage is taking assumptions a bit too far. Likewise, the attraction between a positive and negative charge at distance does not make the negative charge part of the positive charge's orbital system. This, of course, is contrary to the stance of current quantum physics methodology that carries this orbital association a bit too far., Comment: 9 pages including 7 figure and 1 symbol in 8 gif files

The spdf-based orbital theory is a sophism. Things must be declared "different" at the electronic level to renounce classical physics. This paper shows that classical physics still operates at the electronic level! Electron particles are always there. Mass-to-wave/energy conversion and its reversal (duality) on-demand does not actually exist - a ruse that cloaks the negative-negative waive. There is no electron spin-reversal - a gimmick with "nmls" not even consistent orthogonality. The MCAS Way describes the behavior of electrons while preserving their wholeness, mutual orthogonality, and interactive adaptivity. Electrostatics of some simple molecules modeled the MCAS Way are presented. The orbital extent of an electron is shown to be finite while its electrostatic presence stretches to infinity. Electrons hardly ever occupy the region on the axis between two nuclei of a molecule. Excellent correspondence of NMR proton shift with the magnitude of the electrostatic field at the proton is found. Wholly integer quantum numbers identify the orbital spaces of an atom. Electrons do not have quantum numbers! The electron of the hydrogen atom is assigned the 11111 orbital; those of helium are in the 11111 and 11-111 orbitals; and so on. Unlike the static spdf designation, an electron moves to a different type orbital with sufficient electron loading of a shell! A quantum theory does not need duality! The current one, however, needs a different base model to treat particulates. Bimolecular substitution reactions are shown to be path-dependent with an electron transferred in the Transition State. Traditional microscopic reversibility is trashed., Comment: Electrostatic field data to support the MCAS concept - 70 pages with figures (22-jpg files; stripped version); best viewed with Netscape

Avogadro's number is a count of a definite number of things and, therefore, must be an integer and not a floating point number. Arguments are given herein that this integer should be precisely 2E79 - that is, N_o = 2E79 = 6.04 462 909 107 318 607 353 088 E23; hence, the binary mole., Comment: 7 pages including 1 table, 1 figure, and 6 equations in 7 gif files

The corresponding states principle is an important concept wherein materials are interrelated. The base state of this principle, however, currently has no specific physical reality. Instead, it is a definition: a set of conditions at which the gas state reaches its maximum compression and liquid can not longer form; namely, the critical point. This article shows that a discrete, real-life, 3-D, base state is consistent with published and new experimental data. The mathematical analyses were conducted in the same manner for all the materials using literature data, a simple, consistent liquid state model and a simple, physically definable, cluster state model at the critical point. The base state described herein has molecules traveling together in well-defined small-hard or large-soft clusters. These clusters are dubbed the DELTA state since they occur almost exclusively in tetrahedral groups of four. From this straightforward, mathematical and intuitive methodology, the DELTA state emerged as the fourth state of matter: the base state of the corresponding states. As a result, the universal gas law requires inclusion of the DELTA state with the monomer state to be accurate. The critical point is the point at which liquid ceases to form. It is also the point at which only the DELTA state exists. Hence, the critical point is more appropriately called the DELTA POINT., Comment: 27 pages including 2 tables, 13 figures, and 15 symbols in 31 gif files