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151. The CCell wave energy converter : optimisation of paddle manufacture and design

Author

Jamieson, William James, Oterkus, Erkan, Robinson, Adam, and Thies, Philipp

Subjects
621.31, wave energy, renewable energy, offshore, marine energy, composite, structural analysis, manufacturing, lcoe, fatigue, IDCORE, Zyba Limited, CCell, electronics, wave energy converter, control, Finite Element Analysis
Abstract

This thesis investigates the optimisation of the structural design and manufacture of the fibre-reinforced composite components of the CCell wave energy converter. An innovative solution was required to maximise the power output and strength of the composite paddle (the CCell prime mover), whilst also minimising the mass and cost. The main outputs of this thesis have been the development of bespoke procedures for the design and manufacture of the composite components of the CCell device. These include structural numerical modelling of the paddle laminate and joints; development and optimisation of the resin infusion process for the paddle manufacture; development of fatigue and LCOE models to inform through-life behaviour and minimise lifetime costs. Furthermore, work has been carried out to develop electronic systems to assist the control and monitoring of the system in operation. These systems reduce the loading and therefore allow further optimisation of material usage. These procedures have led to the production of a full-scale prototype device which was deployed in Mexico and seven small-scale devices for laboratory testing. The procedures developed will be used to develop and deploy further iterations of the composite components of the CCell device.

Published
2019
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152. The Central American Isthmus : ecological dynamics of the middle-late Holocene

Author

Harvey, William James, Willis, Kathy, Nogué, Sandra, and Stansell, Nathan

Subjects
560, Ecology, Central America, Paleoecology, Plant Sciences, Zoology, Archaeology
Abstract

An ever-increasing demand for agriculture while conserving biodiversity, maintaining livelihoods, and providing critical ecosystem services is one of the largest challenges for tropical land management across the Central American Isthmus today. Climatic and anthropogenic drivers currently provide the largest threats to changes in the vegetation cover and composition for this region therefore understanding the dynamics of these systems, their variability across space and through time is important for discerning current and future responses. I utilised a number of palaeoecological proxies (fossil pollen, macroscopic charcoal, microscopic charcoal, Sporormiella, and diatoms) extracted from lake sediment cores, to explore the past drivers of vegetation dynamics across the Central American Isthmus with a focus on two of the most threatened forest biomes: (i) the mixed coniferous forests of upland Guatemala; and (ii) the dry broadleaf forests of lowland Nicaragua. I explored the role of fire and Pre-Columbian civilization in the mixed coniferous forests of upland Guatemala spanning the last 6000 years., followed by the impact of European contact from c.1500C.E. through to 2015C.E.; and in lowland Nicaragua I investigated the vulnerability and resilience of the dry tropical forests to known climatic and anthropogenic perturbations over the past c.1200-years. My results demonstrate the state of knowledge for climate, burning, the spread of agrarian practices and the impacts these drivers have had upon the structure, composition and resilience of vegetation across space and through time. I found that while there were several homogenous climatic shifts most changes in precipitation were spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Increases in burning from 10000 - 2000B.C.E. are largely associated with climate, particularly between 7000-4000B.C.E. The relationship between climate and fire decoupled between 3000 - 2500B.C.E. as humans increasingly impacted land use through agrarian practices and lime production. I present evidence for the anthropogenic use of fire as the dominant driver of structure and compositional change in the mixed pine-oak forests of Guatemala during the Pre-Columbian Era, while domestic bovid grazing and logging was found to have suppressed hard-wood forest taxa recovery and regeneration since European contact. In the dry tropical forests of Nicaragua climate appears to have driven local fire; however, regular disturbance to this vegetation type appears to have made it very resilient against both climatic and anthropogenic disturbance through time, both pre and post European contact. This thesis provides new information on the past ecological responses of two Central American forest types to climatic and anthropogenic disturbances spanning the Middle to Late and Late Holocene 4000B.C.E. - 2015C.E. Changes to the structure and composition of these forests in the past represent a globally important and largely understudied region, for which my thesis offers fundamental insights into its ecology and history.

Published
2019

153. Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Haakenstad, Annie, Yearwood, Jamal Akeem, Fullman, Nancy, Bintz, Corinne, Bienhoff, Kelly, Weaver, Marcia R, Nandakumar, Vishnu, LeGrand, Kate E, Knight, Megan, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdoli, Amir, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aji, Budi, Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola, Alam, Khurshid, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Liaqat, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Anjum, Afifa, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariffin, Hany, Arulappan, Judie, Aryan, Zahra, Ashraf, Tahira, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Baliga, Shrikala, Banik, Palash Chandra, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Basu, Sanjay, Bayati, Mohsen, Belete, Rebuma, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Bhagat, Devidas S., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhurtyal, Ashok, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bibi, Sadia, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Biondi, Antonio, Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi, Bonny, Aime, Brenner, Hermann, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carneiro, Vera L A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chandan, Joht Singh, Charan, Jaykaran, Chavan, Prachi P, Chen, Simiao, Chen, Shu, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir, Cirillo, Massimo, Corso, Barbara, Dadras, Omid, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, Deuba, Keshab, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doshmangir, Leila, Duncan, Bruce B, Effiong, Andem, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Erku, Daniel Asfaw, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Fares, Jawad, Farzadfar, Farshad, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaihre, Santosh, Gardner, William M., Garg, Tushar, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghith, Nermin, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Guadamuz, Jenny S., Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajat Das, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gupta, Veer Bala, Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, Hanif, Asif, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hasan, M Tasdik, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidari, Golnaz, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Sahadat, Hossain, Sheikh Jamal, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Junjie, Huda, M Mamun, Ifeagwu, Susan C., Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Rakibul M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kamenov, Kaloyan, Kandel, Himal, Kantar, Rami S., Kapoor, Neeti, Karanikolos, Marina, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kavetskyy, Taras, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A., Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Maseer, Khezeli, Mehdi, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Koly, Kamrun Nahar, Korzh, Oleksii, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lee, Chiachi Bonnie, Li, Shanshan, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra, Majeed, Azeem, Makki, Alaa, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martinez-Valle, Adolfo, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maude, Richard James, Maulik, Pallab K, McKee, Martin, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moitra, Modhurima, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moradi, Ghobad, Moreira, Rafael Silveira, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mouodi, Simin, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagata, Chie, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nangia, Vinay, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nassereldine, Hasan, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Nepal, Samata, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Oancea, Bogdan, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Otoiu, Adrian, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pardhan, Shahina, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Pathak, Praveen Kumar, Patton, George C, Pawar, Shrikant, Pereira, Jeevan, Pilania, Manju, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Podder, Vivek, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Prada, Sergio I, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Navid, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Rahman, Md. Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ripon, Rezaul Karim, Sacco, Simona, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeed, Umar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahu, Maitreyi, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sathian, Brijesh, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seylani, Allen, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shetty, Adithi, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shivakumar, K M, Shokri, Azad, Singh, Jasvinder A., Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad, Sousa, Raúl A R C, Stephens, Jacqueline H, Sun, Jing, Szócska, Miklós, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadbiri, Hooman, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tripathi, Niharika, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Troeger, Christopher E, Uezono, Deinzel Robles, Ullah, Saif, Ullah, Anayat, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasic, Milena, Veroux, Massimiliano, Vervoort, Dominique, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wang, Yanzhong, Ward, Paul, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Yadav, Lalit, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yi, Siyan, Yiğit, Vahit, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Lim, Stephen S, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael

Published
2022
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156. The human body at cellular resolution: the NIH Human Biomolecular Atlas Program

Author

Snyder, Michael P, Lin, Shin, Posgai, Amanda, Atkinson, Mark, Regev, Aviv, Rood, Jennifer, Rozenblatt-Rosen, Orit, Gaffney, Leslie, Hupalowska, Anna, Satija, Rahul, Gehlenborg, Nils, Shendure, Jay, Laskin, Julia, Harbury, Pehr, Nystrom, Nicholas A, Silverstein, Jonathan C, Bar-Joseph, Ziv, Zhang, Kun, Börner, Katy, Lin, Yiing, Conroy, Richard, Procaccini, Dena, Roy, Ananda L, Pillai, Ajay, Brown, Marishka, Galis, Zorina S, Cai, Long, Trapnell, Cole, Jackson, Dana, Nolan, Garry, Greenleaf, William James, Plevritis, Sylvia, Ahadi, Sara, Nevins, Stephanie A, Lee, Hayan, Schuerch, Christian Martijn, Black, Sarah, Venkataraaman, Vishal Gautham, Esplin, Ed, Horning, Aaron, Bahmani, Amir, Sun, Xin, Jain, Sanjay, Hagood, James, Pryhuber, Gloria, Kharchenko, Peter, Bodenmiller, Bernd, Brusko, Todd, Clare-Salzler, Michael, Nick, Harry, Otto, Kevin, Wasserfall, Clive, Jorgensen, Marda, Brusko, Maigan, Maffioletti, Sergio, Caprioli, Richard M, Spraggins, Jeffrey M, Gutierrez, Danielle, Patterson, Nathan Heath, Neumann, Elizabeth K, Harris, Raymond, deCaestecker, Mark, Fogo, Agnes B, van de Plas, Raf, Lau, Ken, Yuan, Guo-Cheng, Zhu, Qian, Dries, Ruben, Yin, Peng, Saka, Sinem K, Kishi, Jocelyn Y, Wang, Yu, Goldaracena, Isabel, Ye, DongHye, Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E, Piehowski, Paul D, Ansong, Charles, Zhu, Ying, Desai, Tushar, Mulye, Jay, Chou, Peter, Nagendran, Monica, Teichmann, Sarah A, Paten, Benedict, Murphy, Robert F, Ma, Jian, Kiselev, Vladimir Yu, Kingsford, Carl, and Ricarte, Allyson

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Networking and Information Technology R&D, Bioengineering, Aging, Atlases as Topic, Biomedical Research, Female, Health, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Models, Anatomic, Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Organ Specificity, Single-Cell Analysis, United States, q-bio.OT, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Transformative technologies are enabling the construction of threedimensional (3D) maps of tissues with unprecedented spatial and molecularresolution. Over the next seven years, the NIH Common Fund Human BiomolecularAtlas Program (HuBMAP) intends to develop a widely accessible framework forcomprehensively mapping the human body at single-cell resolution by supportingtechnology development, data acquisition, and detailed spatial mapping. HuBMAPwill integrate its efforts with other funding agencies, programs, consortia,and the biomedical research community at large towards the shared vision of acomprehensive, accessible 3D molecular and cellular atlas of the human body, inhealth and various disease settings.

Published
2019

157. A Day in My Life

Author

Jonas, William James

Subjects
Social sciences
Abstract

18 May 2022--A 24-hour period in my life as an inmate at FCI-Gilmer, Glenville, West Virginia LIVING/ACTIVITY AREAS REFERENCED Housing Unit A4 includes an area with phones, computer terminals (for [...]

Published
2022

158. Discipline Disparities among Students in a Rural Maryland School District

Author

William James Johnson

Abstract

The history of school discipline has varied greatly since educating students in a formal setting became the norm, as there has always been emphasis on controlling students. The violations of school rules that have resulted in consequences have also varied. What has been documented in scholarship for almost 50 years is that African American students have borne the brunt of disparate disciplinary outcomes (Anderson & Ritter, 2016). This executive position paper provides empirical evidence on discipline disparities in public education. While examining and illustrating the disparate discipline data of a rural Maryland school district, the focal point of this EPP is on academic years 2015-2016 through 2017-2018, in the district's only middle school and two high schools. The literature review in Chapter II gives perspectives on topics that include racialized perceptions of crime, the misrepresentation of crime, and societal perception of crime as a rationale for criminalizing the behavior of African American youth in the public-school setting. Additionally, the criminalization of youth of color, the creation of moral panic, zero tolerance policies, and the contributors to disparities in disciplinary outcomes are addressed to explain school systems' justification for why the current past and present data that exist explain the discipline that has affected African American students. Chapter III presents data from the rural Maryland school district that highlights how discipline disparities have taken place. In the conclusion of this executive position paper, the researcher provides evidenced-based strategies as recommendations for solutions towards the elimination of discipline disparities within public schools in this district and other school districts throughout the nation. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2021

161. Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Haakenstad, Annie, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Knight, Megan, Bintz, Corinne, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Zheng, Peng, Gupta, Vin, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Agarwal, Gina, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alipour, Vahid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Banach, Maciej, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barthelemy, Celine M, Bayati, Mohsen, Benzian, Habib, Berman, Adam E, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Biondi, Antonio, Boloor, Archith, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Chansa, Collins, Chattu, Soosanna Kumary, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Daryani, Ahmad, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, El Tantawi, Maha, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Gad, Mohamed M, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Glucksman, Thomas, Goudarzi, Houman, Gupta, Rajat Das, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hay, Simon I, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Henry, Nathaniel J, Hole, Michael K, Hossain, Naznin, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad-Hasan, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Joshi, Ankur, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kayode, Gbenga A, Khalid, Nauman, Khatab, Khaled, Kisa, Adnan, Kochhar, Sonali, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lami, Faris Hasan, Larsson, Anders O, Leasher, Janet L, LeGrand, Kate E, Lim, Lee-Ling, Mahotra, Narayan B, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Manjunatha, Narayana, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mini, GK, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Naghavi, Mohsen, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Perico, Norberto, Pham, Hai Quang, Pigott, David M, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Sahu, Maitreyi, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Seedat, Soraya, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Topp, Stephanie M, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Ullah, Saif, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Yearwood, Jamal Akeem, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael

Published
2022
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164. ELABORAÇÃO DE BARRA ALIMENTÍCIA ENRIQUECIDA COM FARINHA DE CASCA DE MARACUJÁ DO CERRADO (Passiflora cincinnata)

Author

Cano-Chauca, Milton Nobel, primary, Santos, Marcos Ferreira dos, additional, Santos, Gabriela Fernanda da Cruz, additional, Amaral, Heron Ferreira, additional, Silva, Lívia Aparecida Gomes, additional, Lima, William James Nogueira, additional, Soares, Larissa Rodrigues, additional, Santos, Gustavo Machado dos, additional, Freitas, Ana Laura Ribeiro de, additional, and Guimaraes, Marina Tatiane, additional

Published
2022
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166. The effect of changing crystal structures on the magnetic and superconducting properties of the iron based superconductors and their parent compounds

Author

Trainer, Christopher William James and Wahl, Peter

Subjects
548, QD921.T8, Crystals--Structure, Crystallography
Abstract

Superconductivity in high temperature superconducting materials arises due to the constituent electrons becoming strongly correlated. In particular, in the Iron based family of superconductors, antiferromagnetic fluctuations of the electron spins and charge fluctuations of the Iron d-orbitals are thought to be important. The strong correlations of the electrons in an Iron based superconductor lead to the electronic ground state adopting a lower symmetry than the crystal lattice. Transport studies of these systems under the application of uniaxial strain show a strongly anisotropic response of the materials to straining along different lattice directions, suggesting that the electronic correlations are in fact coupled to the lattice. In this thesis I present a study of the response of the magnetic and superconducting states of these Iron based materials to changes of their crystal structure induced by applying uniaxial strain or through doping. I first examine the response of the magnetism in Fe1+xTe, the parent compound of the Iron chalcogenides, to the change that occurs in the crystal structure as the system is doped with Iron. I present a spin polarized STM study of the magnetism throughout the phase diagram of Fe1+xTe using in-situ prepared magnetic tips to measure the spin structure. By using the STM tip to remove excess Iron atoms from the surface I show that it is possible to decouple the effects of the excess Iron atoms from the change of crystal structure. Therefore showing the effect of the structural change on the magnetism. Next I present an STM study of how the superconductivity in the tetragonal LiFeAs system responds to the application of uniaxial strain deforming the crystal structure. I describe the construction of a modifed STM sample holder that allows for the in-situ application of a variable Strain to the LiFeAs sample. I present the resulting impact of this straining process to the superconductivity of LiFeAs on an atomic scale and report the formation of a strain induced charge density wave state that coexists with the superconductivity. In the final chapter I report a quasiparticle interference study of the superconducting state of Sulphur doped FeSe and discuss the results in comparison of those from the literature for the undoped FeSe system.

Published
2018

167. Health system performance in Iran: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Farzadfar, Farshad, Naghavi, Mohsen, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Dangel, William James, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Aminorroaya, Arya, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Koolaji, Sogol, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Rezaei, Negar, Abbas, Jaffar, Abbasi, Behzad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahzade, Sina, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abrehdari-Tafreshi, Zahra, Aghababaei, Soodabeh, Ahadinezhad, Bahman, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Alvand, Saba, Amini, Saeed, Amiri, Sohrab, Anoushirvani, Ali Arash, Ansari, Fereshteh, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aryan, Zahra, Aryannejad, Armin, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Asemi, Zatollah, Asgari, Samaneh, Asgary, Saeed, Asghari, Babak, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashrafi, Elham, Atafar, Zahra, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Avan, Abolfazl, Azadmehr, Abbas, Azami, Hiva, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari, Samad, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azarian, Ghasem, Badirzadeh, Alireza, Bahrami, Elham, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Barati, Nastaran, Bayati, Mohsen, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bijani, Ali, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Borzouei, Shiva, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Dargahi, Abdollah, Daryani, Ahmad, Davoodi Lahijan, Jalal, Didehdar, Mojtaba, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doaei, Saeid, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Edraki, Mohammadreza, Emami, Amir, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Faghani, Shahriar, Fakhar, Mahdi, Farpour, Hamid Reza, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasihi Harandi, Majid, Fereidouni, Mohammad, Foroutan, Masoud, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Azin, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Gholami, Ali, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gholizadeh, Abdolmajid, Goharinezhad, Salime, Goleij, Pouya, Hadei, Mostafa, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hariri, Sanam, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh, Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh, Iranpour, Pooya, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jabbarinejad, Roxana, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jafari-Vayghan, Hamed, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalili, Mahsa, Janghorban, Roksana, Javanmardi, Fatemeh, Joukar, Farahnaz, Kabir, Ali, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamiab, Zahra, Kamyari, Naser, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karimi, Amirali, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keramati, Maryam, Keshavarz, Pedram, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khaleghi, Ali, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khanali, Javad, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khosravi, Sajad, Khosravifar, Mina, Khosravizadeh, Omid, Kianipour, Neda, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Maali, Amirhosein, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Maleki, Afshin, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Mansori, Kamyar, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Maracy, Mohammad Reza, Marjani, Abdoljalal, Masoudi, Sahar, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Masoumi-Asl, Hossein, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehri, Fereshteh, Miri, Mohammad, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mohamadkhani, Ashraf, Mohammadi, Heidar, Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh, Mohammadi, Shadieh, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohseni, Mohammad, Mokari, Amin, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moradi, Abdolvahab, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradpour, Farhad, Moradzadeh, Maliheh, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Mosapour, Abbas, Moslehi, Shandiz, Mouodi, Simin, Naderi, Mehdi, Naderifar, Homa, Najafpour, Zhila, Nazari, Javad, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nemati-Anaraki, Leila, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nojomi, Marzieh, Noori, Maryam, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Oladnabi, Morteza, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Pirestani, Majid, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pourahmadi, Mohammadreza, Pourchamani, Hadis, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourshams, Akram, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Rafiei, Alireza, Rafiei, Sima, Rahim, Fakher, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rashedi, Sina, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashidi, Amirfarzan, Rashidi, Mahsa, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ravangard, Ramin, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghian-Jahromi, Iman, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Redford, Sofia B, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaei Aliabadi, Hossein, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rezazadeh, Hossein, Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba, Rostamian, Morteza, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Sadeghian, Reihaneh, Sadeghian, Saeid, Safarpour, Hamid, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salamati, Payman, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sarkhosh, Maryam, Sarveazad, Arash, Seyed-Nezhad, Maryam, Shafaat, Omid, Shaghaghi, Zahra, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahin, Sarvenaz, Shaker, Elaheh, Shakiba, Saeed, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsoddin, Erfan, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharifian, Sakineh, Shaygan, Maryam, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shiani, Amir, Shirbandi, Kiarash, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri, Azad, Siabani, Soraya, Sima, Ali Reza, Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad, Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Soofi, Moslem, Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha, Tabary, Mohammadreza, Tahamtan, Alireza, Taheri, Majid, Taherkhani, Amir, Tajdini, Masih, Tavolinejad, Hamed, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tiyuri, Amir, Tohidast, Seyed Abolfazl, Vakilian, Alireza, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Vo, Bay, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Zahir, Mazyar, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zarafshan, Hadi, Zare, Fariba, Zare Dehnavi, Ali, Zarea, Kourosh, Zarei, Ahmad, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Ziapour, Arash, Zoghi, Sina, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Jamshidi, Hamid Reza, Mokdad, Ali H, Hay, Simon I, Murray, Christopher J L, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Asadi-Lari, Mohsen, Malekzadeh, Reza, and Larijani, Bagher

Published
2022
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168. Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21

Author

Wang, Haidong, Paulson, Katherine R, Pease, Spencer A, Watson, Stefanie, Comfort, Haley, Zheng, Peng, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Bisignano, Catherine, Barber, Ryan M, Alam, Tahiya, Fuller, John E, May, Erin A, Jones, Darwin Phan, Frisch, Meghan E, Abbafati, Cristiana, Adolph, Christopher, Allorant, Adrien, Amlag, Joanne O, Bang-Jensen, Bree, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bloom, Sabina S, Carter, Austin, Castro, Emma, Chakrabarti, Suman, Chattopadhyay, Jhilik, Cogen, Rebecca M, Collins, James K, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Dai, Xiaochen, Dangel, William James, Daoud, Farah, Dapper, Carolyn, Deen, Amanda, Duncan, Bruce B, Erickson, Megan, Ewald, Samuel B, Fedosseeva, Tatiana, Ferrari, Alize J, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Fullman, Nancy, Gallagher, John, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Guo, Gaorui, He, Jiawei, Helak, Monika, Henry, Nathaniel J, Hulland, Erin N, Huntley, Bethany M, Kereselidze, Maia, Lazzar-Atwood, Alice, LeGrand, Kate E, Lindstrom, Akiaja, Linebarger, Emily, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Magistro, Beatrice, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Månsson, Johan, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, Marinho, Fatima, Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Monasta, Lorenzo, Naik, Paulami, Nomura, Shuhei, O'Brien, Edward G, O'Halloran, James Kevin, Olana, Latera Tesfaye, Ostroff, Samuel M, Penberthy, Louise, Reiner Jr, Robert C, Reinke, Grace, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Shaw, David H, Sheena, Brittney S, Sholokhov, Aleksei, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Sorensen, Reed J D, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Syailendrawati, Ruri, Topor-Madry, Roman, Troeger, Christopher E, Walcott, Rebecca, Walker, Ally, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Worku, Nahom Alemseged, Zigler, Bethany, Pigott, David M, Naghavi, Mohsen, Mokdad, Ali H, Lim, Stephen S, Hay, Simon I, Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2022
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169. Pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: an exploratory analysis of infection and fatality rates, and contextual factors associated with preparedness in 177 countries, from Jan 1, 2020, to Sept 30, 2021

Author

Bollyky, Thomas J, Hulland, Erin N, Barber, Ryan M, Collins, James K, Kiernan, Samantha, Moses, Mark, Pigott, David M, Reiner Jr, Robert C, Sorensen, Reed J D, Abbafati, Cristiana, Adolph, Christopher, Allorant, Adrien, Amlag, Joanne O, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Bang-Jensen, Bree, Carter, Austin, Castellano, Rachel, Castro, Emma, Chakrabarti, Suman, Combs, Emily, Dai, Xiaochen, Dangel, William James, Dapper, Carolyn, Deen, Amanda, Duncan, Bruce B, Earl, Lucas, Erickson, Megan, Ewald, Samuel B, Fedosseeva, Tatiana, Ferrari, Alize J, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fullman, Nancy, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galal, Bayan, Gallagher, John, Giles, John R, Guo, Gaorui, He, Jiawei, Helak, Monika, Huntley, Bethany M, Idrisov, Bulat, Johanns, Casey, LeGrand, Kate E, Letourneau, Ian D, Lindstrom, Akiaja, Linebarger, Emily, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Magistro, Beatrice, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Månsson, Johan, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, Marinho, Fatima, Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Naik, Paulami, Nomura, Shuhei, O'Halloran, James Kevin, Odell, Christopher M, Olana, Latera Tesfaye, Ostroff, Samuel M, Pasovic, Maja, Passos, Valeria Maria de Azeredo, Penberthy, Louise, Reinke, Grace, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Sholokhov, Aleksei, Spurlock, Emma, Troeger, Christopher E, Varavikova, Elena, Vo, Anh T, Vos, Theo, Walcott, Rebecca, Walker, Ally, Wigley, Simon D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Worku, Nahom Alemseged, Wu, Yifan, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Zheng, Peng, Hay, Simon I, Murray, Christopher J L, and Dieleman, Joseph L

Published
2022
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171. Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic's Temotu Subgroup

Author

Lackey, William James and Boerger, Brenda H.

Subjects
Archaeology -- Analysis, Languages and linguistics
Abstract

In recent years, much more lexical data have become available for the Temotu languages, a purported subgroup of Oceanic. This paper reexamines some significant changes to Oceanic consonants in light of this larger dataset. While the bulk of previous analyses is retained, several changes hypothesized in earlier literature are shown to require revision. The syncope and truncation sound changes proposed by Ross and Naess are reinterpreted as emergent from prosodic effects, and as a result of closer study of other sound changes, we find that the hypothesized Utupua--Vanikoro branch is not phonologically well founded. A second merger of sounds in Proto-Oceanic, in addition to the one presented in Ross and Naess, is uncovered for all of Temotu languages, giving support for its acceptance as a subgroup of Oceanic. In a synthesis near the end, we show that evidence from recent archaeological work on the Temotu region that aligns with the linguistic history proposed here. Keywords: Reefs-Santa Cruz (RSC); Utupua; Vanikoro; Solomon Islands, 1. INTRODUCTION. (1) Oceanic's purported Temotu subgroup (Ross and Naess 2007, henceforth abbreviated R&N) is comprised of eleven languages, spoken in the easternmost Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands (map [...]

Published
2021

174. Shear-induced damped oscillations in an epithelium depend on actomyosin contraction and E-cadherin cell adhesion.

Author

Sadeghipour, Ehsan, Garcia, Miguel A, Nelson, William James, and Pruitt, Beth L

Subjects
Epithelium, Epithelial Cells, Animals, Dogs, Depsipeptides, Actins, Actomyosin, Cadherins, Cell Count, Rheology, Cell Adhesion, Cell Movement, Stress, Mechanical, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings, MDCK, cell biology, cell mechanics, collective cell behavior, developmental biology, epithelial cells, microfabrication, tissue mechanics, Stress, Mechanical, Heterocyclic Compounds, or More Rings, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

Shear forces between cells occur during global changes in multicellular organization during morphogenesis and tissue growth, yet how cells sense shear forces and propagate a response across a tissue is unknown. We found that applying exogenous shear at the midline of an epithelium induced a local, short-term deformation near the shear plane, and a long-term collective oscillatory movement across the epithelium that spread from the shear-plane and gradually dampened. Inhibiting actomyosin contraction or E-cadherin trans-cell adhesion blocked oscillations, whereas stabilizing actin filaments prolonged oscillations. Combining these data with a model of epithelium mechanics supports a mechanism involving the generation of a shear-induced mechanical event at the shear plane which is then relayed across the epithelium by actomyosin contraction linked through E-cadherin. This causes an imbalance of forces in the epithelium, which is gradually dissipated through oscillatory cell movements and actin filament turnover to restore the force balance across the epithelium.

Published
2018

183. Prevention of Occupational Skin Cancer

Author

Bauer, Andrea, Adam, Kerry E., Soyer, Peter H., Adam, Keith William James, John, Swen Malte, editor, Johansen, Jeanne Duus, editor, Rustemeyer, Thomas, editor, Elsner, Peter, editor, and Maibach, Howard I., editor

Published
2020
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187. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Santomauro, Damian F, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, Shadid, Jamileh, Zheng, Peng, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Pigott, David M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Adolph, Christopher, Amlag, Joanne O, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Bang-Jensen, Bree L, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bloom, Sabina S, Castellano, Rachel, Castro, Emma, Chakrabarti, Suman, Chattopadhyay, Jhilik, Cogen, Rebecca M, Collins, James K, Dai, Xiaochen, Dangel, William James, Dapper, Carolyn, Deen, Amanda, Erickson, Megan, Ewald, Samuel B, Flaxman, Abraham D, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Fullman, Nancy, Giles, John R, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Guo, Gaorui, He, Jiawei, Helak, Monika, Hulland, Erin N, Idrisov, Bulat, Lindstrom, Akiaja, Linebarger, Emily, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Magistro, Beatrice, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Månsson, Johan C, Marinho, Fatima, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Naik, Paulami, Nomura, Shuhei, O'Halloran, James Kevin, Ostroff, Samuel M, Pasovic, Maja, Penberthy, Louise, Reiner Jr, Robert C, Reinke, Grace, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Sholokhov, Aleksei, Sorensen, Reed J D, Varavikova, Elena, Vo, Anh Truc, Walcott, Rebecca, Watson, Stefanie, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Zigler, Bethany, Hay, Simon I, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J L, Whiteford, Harvey A, and Ferrari, Alize J

Published
2021
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188. WHY I AM WHERE I AM

Author

Jonas, William James, III

Subjects
Students, Social sciences
Abstract

There is normally an element of dread, for me, in receiving any written communication. In my years of practicing law, good news came with a phone call first, but bad [...]

Published
2022

189. Spectroscopically bioorthogonal Raman imaging approaches for intracellular visualisation

Author

Tipping, William James, Brunton, Valerie, and Hulme, Alison

Subjects
Raman spectroscopy, bioorthogonal, Raman imaging
Abstract

Sensitive and specific visualisation of biomolecules in living models is highly challenging because of the complexity of cellular systems. Raman spectroscopy provides chemical contrast based upon molecular vibrations within a sample. It is therefore a powerful approach in biomedicine for disease diagnosis, owing to its potential to provide a spectroscopic fingerprint of biological species. However, Raman scattering is a weak process, and therefore novel approaches are required in order to improve the detection sensitivity for biomolecular imaging in living systems. Here, novel approaches for biomolecular visualisation based upon stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy are reported. Spectroscopically bioorthogonal functional groups, those which produce spectrally isolated Raman peaks distinct from endogenous cellular Raman peaks, are utilised as a general strategy for small-molecule visualisation. A key issue in the pharmaceutical industry is the lack of available techniques which can probe drug uptake and retention in living cells. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and SRS imaging are used for the selective intracellular visualisation of small-molecule inhibitors using a spectroscopically bioorthogonal approach in Chapter 2. Ponatinib and erlotinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in clinical cancer treatment. The spectroscopically bioorthogonal alkyne group present within each drug is used as a specific marker to visualise the uptake and distribution of these two compounds in relevant cellular models. However, only a limited number (~2%) of regulatory approved drugs contain spectroscopically bioorthogonal Raman functional groups. Hence, a general strategy for the design of novel bioorthogonal Raman labels would allow SRS microscopy to be fully exploited in the drug discovery process. Therefore, density functional theory (DFT) is utilised as an in silico screening technique for the design of novel Raman labels, which is presented in Chapter 3. A library of bioorthogonal Raman-labelled analogues of the natural product, anisomycin, have been synthesised in order to validate the DFT screening approach. The effects of labelling upon the biological activity of anisomycin is also assessed. Spectroscopically bioorthogonal Raman imaging of several biomolecules was performed using SRS imaging and the results of which are reported in Chapter 4. The intracellular detection of de novo DNA synthesis was investigated using SRS imaging through metabolic incorporation of alkyne-containing nucleosides. Secondly, the intracellular detection of the Raman-labelled anisomycin analogues is reported using both spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and SRS imaging. This approach has enabled the rate of drug uptake to be assessed in real-time. Furthermore, combining multi-colour SRS imaging and fluorescence imaging in a dual-modality approach, enabled the analysis of drug uptake to be visualised across intracellular structures, and to be correlated with markers of cell-cycle status. These studies represent novel approaches for the direct intracellular visualisation of the uptake and retention of small-molecule inhibitors in live cells.

Published
2017

190. Supersymmetry searches at the LHC and their interpretations

Author

Fawcett, William James and Barr, Alan

Subjects
539.7, Experimental particle physics, High energy physics, Large Hadron Collider, Supersymmetry
Abstract

One of the primary goals of the CERN Large Hadron Collider is to search for new physics. Many such searches have been carried out, in particular searches for supersymmetry, yet no new physics beyond the Standard Model has been found. With a large number of free parameters introduced by frameworks such as supersymmetry, it can be difficult to interpret the null results of searches. The first analysis presented in this thesis attempts to tackle this difficulty head-on, and gives a summary of the constraints from the Run-1 ATLAS searches. A combination of 22 searches were used, with integrated luminosities of up to 20.3 inverse femtobarns of 7 and 8 TeV data. The results are interpreted in the context of the 19-dimensional phenomenological MSSM, and are presented in terms of the masses of supersymmetric particles. Constraints from dark matter, heavy flavour and precision electroweak measurements were incorporated, and results are also interpreted in terms of these observables. Properties of models missed by the Run-1 searches are also shown. The second analysis presented in this thesis documents a direct search for new physics, using 18.2 inverse femtobarns of 13 TeV data collected during 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector. The search targets final states with large jet multiplicity (at least 7 to at least 10 jets), which can arise from the pair production of gluinos decaying via a cascade. Further requirements are imposed on the sum of masses of reclustered large-radius jets. No evidence for new physics is found, and the results are interpreted in both a model-independent way and in terms of two simplified supersymmetric models, one of which was inspired by the results of the first study. Limits on the gluino mass of up to 1600 GeV are set at the 95 % confidence level, extending previous limits.

Published
2017

195. Visualization of translation reorganization upon persistent ribosome collision stress in mammalian cells

Author

Sub Structural Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry, Fedry, Juliette, Silva, Joana, Vanevic, Mihajlo, Fronik, Stanley, Mechulam, Yves, Schmitt, Emmanuelle, des Georges, Amédée, Faller, William James, Förster, Friedrich, Sub Structural Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry, Fedry, Juliette, Silva, Joana, Vanevic, Mihajlo, Fronik, Stanley, Mechulam, Yves, Schmitt, Emmanuelle, des Georges, Amédée, Faller, William James, and Förster, Friedrich

Published
2024

196. Good Quality Discussion Is Necessary but Not Sufficient in Asynchronous Tuition: A Brief Narrative Review of the Literature

Author

Fear, William James and Erikson-Brown, Andrew

Abstract

Online learning is a growing field of education with a corresponding increase in the use of asynchronous discussion. Asynchronous discussion is a form of interaction that is mediated rather than direct and where there is a time lag in the interactions between discussants. In this paper we conducted a brief narrative review of the literature on asynchronous discussion. We argue, initially, that discussion is necessary, but not sufficient, for successful pedagogic outcomes and more so in the case of online learning. We identified agreement in the literature on what can be considered the key factors for successful asynchronous discussion.

Published
2014

199. Agroforestry systems for ammonia air quality management

Author

Bealey, William James, Reay, David, Reis, Stefan, and Sutton, Mark

Subjects
634.9, amonnia, nitrogen deposition, agroforestry, Natura 2000
Abstract

Air pollution can lead to environmental impacts. Over the past decades there have been some success stories reducing pollutant emission, namely sulphur dioxide (SO2). However, impacts on ecosystems from atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollution are still seen as a major threat for European biodiversity. Across Europe over 70% of Natura 2000 sites are at risk for eutrophication with over 70% of the Natura 2000 area in Europe (EU28( exceeding critical loads for nutrient nitrogen deposition. Agricultural ammonia is a key contributor to the threat to these sites due to the close proximity of agricultural activities and protected sites. Source attribution modelling using an atmospheric transport model showed that agricultural livestock production in the UK is the dominant nitrogen source for N disposition across the UK Natura 2000 network. Nearly 90% of all sites had livestock as their dominant source, contributing 32% of the total nitrogen deposition across the whole network. 76% of all Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) sites exceeded their critical load for nutrient nitrogen, representing 74% of the entire SAC area. The extent of exceedance is also notable with many sites experiencing depositions of >50 kg N/ha/yr over the critical load. the situation for acidity critical load exceedance is less sever, by 51% of sites are still exeeded. Legislation to regulate pollutant emissions to air and protect biodiversity are often not integrated, and there has been no common European approach for determining the impacts of nitrogen deposition on individual Natura sites, or on conservation status. Off-site sources of air pollution present difficulties in assessing and attributing impacts, because deposition can result from local sources (1-2 km), or very far away sources (>1000 kms). Managing nitrogen losses on the farm and improving the efficient use of nitrogen are key components for overall reduction in NH3 emissions. Many nitrogen management options are available to abate ammonia from agricultural activities. On the one hand, technical and management measures include controlling emissions from manure storage and spreading, livestock feeding strategies, and improving housing systems. Trees, on the other hand, are effective scavengers of both gaseous and particulate pollutants from the atmosphere, making tree belts potentially effective landscape features to support ammonia abatement strategies. Using a coupled deposition and turbulence model the recapture efficiency of tree planting around ammonia sources was estimated. Using different canopy structure scenarios, tree depths and differing leaf area density (LAD) and leaf are index (LAI) were adjusted for a main canopy and a backstop canopy. Recapture efficiency for ammonia ranged from 27% (trees planted around housing systems), up to 60% (under-story livestock silvopastoral systems). Practical recapture potential was set at 20% and 40% for housing and silvopastoral systems respectively. Model results from scaling up to national level suggest that tree planting in hot spot areas of ammonia emissions would lead to reduced N deposition on nearby sensitive habitats. Scenarios for on-farm emission control through tree planting showed national reductions in nitrogen deposition to semi-natural areas of 0.14% (0.2 kt N-NHx) to 2.2% (3.15 kt N-NHx). Scenarios mitigating emissions from cattle and pig housing yielded the highest reductions. The afforestation strategy showed national-scale emission reductions of 6% (8.4 kt N-NHx) to 11% (15.7 kt N-NHx) for 25% and 50% afforestation scenarios respectively. Increased capture by the planted trees also generated an added benefit of reducing long-range transport effects, including a decrease in wet deposition of up to 3.7 kt N-NHx (4.6%) and a decrease in export from the UK of up to 8.3 kt N-NHx (6.8%). Agroforestry measures for ammonia abatement were shown to be cost-effective for both planting downwind of housing and in silvopastoral systems, when costs to society were taken into account. Planting trees was also cost-effective from a climate change perspective. Comparing the cost per kg of NH3 abated showed that planting trees is a method of ammonia emission mitigation comparable with other (technical) measures. The costs for planting trees downwind of housing were calculated at €2.6-7.3/kg NH3. Agroforestry for ammonia abatement offers multiple benefits for the farmer and synergistic effects for society as a whole including i) carbon sequestration. ii) visibility screening around housing units, iii) imporved animal welfare for silvopastoral systems, iv) reducing critical load exceedance on protected sites, v) price advantage of 'woodland chick' productions, vi) supporting the Industrial Emission Directive (IED) requirements for emission reduction, vii) supporting national afforestation policies. The results of this work support the notion that in the emerging discussion about the values of ecosystem services and the role of nature-based solution to tackle persistent environmental challenges, tree planting has a large potential in rural and urban environments.

Published
2016

200. Personalising inhaled corticosteroid dose response in persistent asthma

Author

Anderson, William James and Lipworth, Brian

Subjects
616.2, Asthma, Inhaled corticosteroid, Dose response, Exhaled nitric oxide, Obesity, Propranolol, Mannitol, Bone markers
Abstract

This thesis examines the overarching theme of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose response effects on a variety of asthma outcome measures; with further importance placed on the application of these findings to personalising ICS dosing for the individual asthmatic. The introduction provides a detailed summary of the current recommendations for the treatment of adult asthma, with particular reference to the mechanism of action and clinical utility of ICS for the treatment of asthma. Current methods of assessing ICS dose response are presented, as well as the common influences that affect these responses. Novel therapeutic theories and the identification of specific asthmatic phenotypes are also introduced, in order to demonstrate the shift towards personalising treatment for asthma. The first two studies examine the dose response of ICS on two specific factors that influence asthma. The third study presents an examination of pharmacological manipulation of the ICS dose response using an additional agent. The following two studies address: how asthma outcomes relate to each other in patients receiving ICS; in addition to an overall assessment of the ICS dose response across a broad range of both ICS moieties and outcome measures. The final study examines for any detrimental effect of an ICS dose ramp on bone metabolism, an important potential long-term adverse effect of higher ICS dosing. The discussion draws together all the results obtained in relation to ICS dose response in asthma, and how these apply to current clinical practice for the individual patient. Furthermore, hypotheses are generated for areas of future study based on the findings from this work.

Published
2016

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