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With the growing global environmental awareness, the development of renewable and green materials has gained increased worldwide interest. Being at the heart of current scientific research studies, renewable polymers, include natural, semisynthetic, and microbial polymers, have a scope in vast diverse applications in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and optoelectronic technological fields. In recent years, research interest has been increasingly focused on integrating biodegradable polymers into optoelectronic devices for the sake of reducing non-degradable waste and conserving our environment. Numerous biobased materials have been successfully incorporated in organic field-effect transistor memory, resistor memory, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Besides natural biomaterials, there are also various biobased synthetic polymers used in electronic devices; for example, sugar-based block copolymers have been synthesized to fabricate stretchable memory devices. Several recent studies have also been devoted to integrating green materials into OPV devices in hope of fulfilling sustainable development. In this mini-review, science development of exploiting renewable materials, introducing environmentally friendly processing solvents, and their corresponding applications toward an environmental sustainable life will be briefly narrated.

Recently, biomaterials have received great attention due to their generally biodegradable, safe, low-cost and nontoxic characteristics, especially in the field of organic electronics such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, a highly transparent and flexible conductive substrate based on eco-friendly cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) is successfully developed by embedding silver nanowires (Ag NWs) into the TEMPO-oxidized CNFs (TOCN) through a facile, printable transfer method. The nano-size fibers of TOCN and its more compact winding network enable homogeneous hybrid with Ag NWs and simultaneously allow high potion of visible light to pass through the derived hybrid film. Meanwhile, our transfer method can firmly confine the Ag NWs on the substrate's surface to provide strong adhesion and exempts the thermal-induced aggregation. The TOCN/AgNWs substrate exhibits a low sheet resistance of 2.62 Ω sq−1 with a high optical transparency of 78.5% (at 550 nm), being comparable to the properties of commercial polyethylene naphthalate/indium-tin-oxide (PEN/ITO) substrate. Besides, as benefiting from its compact nanoscale morphology, the TOCN/AgNWs substrate shows a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 3.37 (10−6/K) and good mechanical stability that can withstand 15 peeling cycles and 500 bending cycles (with a bending radius of 0.8 mm) without showing any degradation in sheet resistance. Finally, an efficient flexible OPV is successfully fabricated using this conductive substrate and shows acceptable bending durability. Our results provide a new perspective for the development of sustainable flexible conductive substrates.

An alkaline-developable and negative-type photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) based on poly(amic acid) (PAA) and a photo-base generator (PBG) has been developed by using chemical amplification method. The PAA(PDA-BPDA) is composed of p-phenylenediamine (PDA) and 4,4′-biphtalic dianhydride (BPDA), and the derived PI possesses excellent thermal and thermo mechanical stability due to the highly rigid and linear backbone. The photolithographic parameters for the PSPI including the PBG content, post-exposure baking (PEB) temperature, PEB time and the molecular weight of the PAA was investigated with the adoption of (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (HMPP) as the PBG. The PSPI based on PAA(PDA-BPDA) with a molar ratio of 0.9/1.0 between PDA and BPDA, and HMPP (15 wt% to PAA) showed a sensitivity of 142 mJ/cm2 and contrast of 0.58 when exposed to 365-nm light (i-line), PEB at 170 °C for 5 min, and developed with an aqueous solution of 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide and isopropanol. A clear negative 4-μm feature pattern was obtained and imidized into the PI pattern upon heating at 250 °C, confirming by scanning electron microscopy. This is the first work to utilize a highly rigid backbone with high thermal stability for PSPIs. The outstanding thermal and thermo mechanical stability manifests that developed PSPIs is highly potential in the microelectronics.

In this study, we first revealed a green material-Poly-lysine as an interfacial layer (IFL) of electron-extraction layer (EEL) and investigated evolution of morphologies of the active layers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The surface structure of the active layers was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the molecular packing features were revealed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). By embedding poly-lysine as IFL, we evidenced the changes of the blend film phase segregation and observed an increase order of molecular packing in preferential face-on orientation. The optimized blend film morphology facilitated the carrier extraction, thereby significantly improved the OPV performance with the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.5% and 15.3% for the PBDB-T-2Cl:IT-4F and PBDB-T-2F:Y6 blends, respectively. Compared with the controlled devices, the poly-lysine-modified devices showed significantly improved thermal-and photo-stability which keeps 80% of its initial efficiency after 400-h heating and illumination. As the first discovery of its general applicability of the promising IFL material, poly-lysine was further applied to fabricate a flexible OPV device using 100% bio-based polyethylene furandicarboxylate (PEF) substrate and its derived OPV device exhibited a PCE greater than 7% and maintained the 80% efficiency under the high bending radius of 3 mm. The present study suggests the potential application of using bio-based materials for flexible OPV applications.

To maximize luminescent brightness in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) systems, charge transport dynamics of emissive layer is needed to be controlled. Herein, we pattern aligned micrometer scale conjugated polymer structures using a solution based processing method. Super yellow (SY)-polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers were electrospun using simple uniaxial electrospinning method. A hybrid bilayer of SY-PEO fiber and poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) derivative PFO film was formed by the sequential deposition of the electrospun fiber and spin-coated film. The maximum brightness of hybrid LED devices was increased over 1.7 fold to that of film-film bilayer device possessing same average film thickness. Besides, optical properties such as absorption/luminescence of SY were modulated by the rapid crystallization and solvent evaporation during electrospinning process compared to the spin-coated film. The electroluminescence enhancement and color control was attributed to balanced charge transport and enhanced Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET).

Isoindigo-based conjugated polymers, PII2T-C6 and PII2T-C8, with carbosilane side chains have been designed and synthesized for stretchable electronic applications. The carbosilane side chains offerred a simple synthetic pathway to evaluate long and branched side chains in high yields and were prepared with a six or eight linear spacer plus two hexyl or octyl chains after branching. The studied polymers showed a high charge carrier mobility of 8.06 cm2 V–1 s–1 with an on/off current ratio of 106 as probed using a top-contact transistor device with organized solid state molecular packing structures, as investigated through grazing-incidance X-ray diffreaction (GIXD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique systematically. The studied polymers, more attractive, exhibited superior thin film ductility with a low tensile modulus in a range of 0.27–0.43 GPa owing to the branched carbosilane side chain, and their mobility was remained higher than 1 cm2 V–1 s–1 even under a 60% strain along parallel or perpend...

Rare earth perovskite manganites have attracted renewed attention due to scientific aspect and prospective device applications. This work explores the structural and magnetic properties of La (1− x ) Bi x MnO 3 ( x =0–0.5) with isovalent Bi 3+ ions substituted at the La 3+ site synthesized through solid state reaction method. Doping of ‘Bi 3+ ’ in LaMnO 3 induces transition from orthorhombic to cubic phase for x ≥ 0.3. Decrease in the magnetic transition temperature in ZFC-FC data is correlated to the distortion induced by ‘Bi 3+ ’ doping. Spin glass like feature is witnessed in orthorhombic phase and it diminished appreciably for x ≥0.3 in the cubic symmetry. At 10 K, coercivity decreases in orthorhombic phase, whereas it increases marginally in cubic phase. Thus, isovalent Bi 3+ doping in LaMnO 3 is found to induce structural change from orthorhombic to cubic which is also reflected in the magnetic properties as a change over from hard to soft magnetic phase. In addition, a phenomenological model is applied for fitting the field cooled magnetization data. The results of fitting and the related magneto-caloric effect are also discussed in this paper.

Flexible OFET memory devices of semiconducting poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (F8T2) on PEN substrates were fabricated and characterized using a high- k poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) gate dielectric combined with donor–acceptor polyimide electrets of (poly[2,5-bis(4-aminophenylenesulfanyl)selenophene-hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalimide] (APSP-6FDA) or poly[2,5-bis(4-aminophenylenesulfanyl)thiophene-hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalimide] (APST-6FDA)). All the polymer thin films, including gate dielectric, charge storage, and semiconducting layer, possessed a smooth surface to form good contact adhesion between each layer, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The flexible OFET device could be operated using low gate voltage ( 3 . The data storage characteristic was mainly attributed to the charge trapping in polyimide layer under a positive or negative gate bias. The studied flexible memories, moreover, exhibited stable electrical parameters, such as charge carrier mobility, threshold voltage change, and memory window, under a bending radius of 10 mm with 1000 repeating cycles, resulting in reproducible and reliable device characteristics. The experimental results indicated that a low-voltage operated non-volatile flexible OFET memory device could be simply integrated using all polymer components, including gate dielectric, charge storage electret, and semiconductor.

We demonstrated high performance non-volatile pentacene based OFET memory devices using charge-transfer (CT) supramolecules of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) with two different chromophores, 3-(dicyanomethylidene)indan-1-one (1CN-IN) and 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylidene)indan (2CN-IN), respectively. The intermolecular CT interaction effectively introduced the chromophores as charge trapping sites into the P4VP matrix, leading to a controllable flash-type memory behavior. The electron-trapping ability of the supramolecular electrets was increased with enhancing the chromophore composition in the supramolecules. The experimental molar ratio x of chromophores binding to the repeating unit of P4VP, however, was limited to 0.30 for P4VP(1CN-IN)x or 0.45 for P4VP(2CN-IN)x. The 2CN-IN with one more electron-withdrawing dicyanomethylene group, compared to 1CN-IN, provided a better electron-trapping ability and thus obtained a larger memory window. The device based on P4VP(2CN-IN)0.30 electret exhibited the largest memory window (79 V) with the excellent retention ability of up to 107 s and endurance of over 100 cycles. The study revealed that the CT supramolecular electret could be as a facile and simple approach for future organic memory device applications.

Renewable polymers have attracted extensive research interest as substitutes for fossil fuel-based materials because they are sustainable and biodegradable. With the rapid increase in the applications of electronic devices, the integration of renewable polymers with electronics not only enhances the economic benefit of waste natural resources but also conserves our environment. In this review, an overview of renewable materials used in electronics, including passive components (that is, substrates, photoresists, templates and dispersion agents) and active components (that is, luminescence layers, proton-transporting layers and charge-trapping layers), as well as their future perspective is provided. The relationships between chemical structures, their morphologies and the device characteristics will be discussed. It is hoped that this review will stimulate research and generate interest in applications of renewable materials for the electronics industry. Developing renewable polymeric materials for electronics applications is crucial toward next generation of green electronic industry. Current progress on the renewable materials used as the passive and active components in electronics is reviewed, where the correlation between the relationships of chemical structures, morphology and device characteristics is featured. Furthermore, their future perspectives are provided for foreseeable paths in the development of green electronics.

Amphiphilic poly(4-di(9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl)styrene)- b -poly(2-vinylpyridine)s (PStFl2 m - b -P2VP n ) in two different compositions and their homopolymers were synthesized: PStFl2 11 -b- P2VP 89 (50/50, volume ratio), PStFl2 12 -b- P2VP 33 (75/25), PStFl2, and P2VP. They were thermally stable up to around 350 °C. In nanoscale thin films, the diblock copolymers exhibited various phase-separated nanostructures depending on the composition and film process condition: random two phases, horizontal hexagonal P2VP cylinders, and hexagonally-close packed (HCP) P2VP spheres. Surprisingly, the hexagonal cylinder and HCP sphere structures are quite different from those of common diblock copolymers with similar compositions. The structural details of these thin film morphologies were investigated by synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering. The thin film morphologies were found to make influences on the electrical memory performances of the polymers. In particular, the switching-ON voltage was influenced by the nanostructures and the film layer thickness as well as by the composition. Overall, the diblock copolymer films demonstrated excellent p -type permanent digital memory behaviors with unipolarity, long retention time, high ON/OFF current ratio and low power consumption. These memory behaviors were governed by a trap-limited space charge limited conduction mechanism combined with ohmic conduction and a hopping process.

In this study, we successfully synthesized water/methanol soluble random copolymers with a high dielectric constant, poly(n-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide-co-5-(9-(5-(diethylamino)pentyl)−2-(4-vinylphenyl)−9H-fluorene(P(NMA-co-F6NSt)), which contained chemical crosslinkable segment (NMA) and hole trapping building block (F6NSt). The feeding molar ratios of two monomers (NMA:F6NSt) were set as 100:0, 95:5, 80:20, and 67:33 for the copolymers of P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively. The crosslinked P(NMA-co-F6NSt) thin film could serve as both dielectric and charge storage layers in organic field-effect transistor (OFET) memory device and exhibited high k (i.e., 4.91–6.47) characteristics, leading to a low voltage operation and a small power consumption. Devices based on the P1-P4 dielectrics showed excellent insulating properties and good charge storage performance under a low operating voltage in a range of ±5V because of tightly network structures and well-dispersed trapping cites. In particular, P3-based memory device exhibited a large memory window of 4.13 V with stable data retention stability over 104 s, a large on/off ratio of 104, and good endurance characteristics as high as 200 cycles. The above results suggested that a high-performance OFET memory device could be facilely achieved using the novel crosslinkable high-k copolymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3224–3236

The crosslinked poly(2,6-dimethylphenol (95 mol %)-co−2,6-diphenylphenol (5 mol %)) (poly(2,6-DMP95-co−2,6-DPP5)) was successfully developed as an insulating material separating conducting elements with a low dielectric constant and dissipation factor. The crosslinked poly(2,6-DMP95-co−2,6-DPP5) was prepared by the oxidative coupling polymerization of 2,6-DMP with 2,6-DPP, followed by the reaction with 4,4′-methylenebis[2,6-bis(methoxymethyl)]phenol (MBMP) as a crosslinking agent. The crosslinked poly(2,6-DMP95-co−2,6-DPP5) exhibited a good thermal stability and glass transition temperature. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the crosslinked poly(2,6-DMP95-co−2,6-DPP5) were 2.6 and 0.004 at 10 GHz, respectively. Moreover, a flexible double layer copper clad laminate based on the crosslinked poly(2,6-DMP95-co−2,6-DPP5) composite was successfully prepared, indicating a useful material for high-speed and high-frequency electrical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3218–3223

In this work, we report the synthesis of all-conjugated donor---acceptor (D---A) graft/block copolymers via an externally-initiated Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation (KCTP) method. In the first step, end-functional electron acceptor blocks, poly(naphthalene diimide)s (PNDIs), were prepared via the Stille coupling polycondensation. Then, P3HT blocks were polymerized via KCTP initiated by the Ni(COD)2-activated PNDI complexes. Therefore, a series of D---A graft copolymers and ABA-type (P3HTs were initiated from both ends of PNDI) triblock copolymers were successfully synthesized. The polymers were used to fabricate polymer thin film transistors and the results indicated that all the polymers exhibited moderate charge mobilities ranging from 10ź4 to 10ź3 cm2 Vź1 sź1, and they could be further improved by thermal annealing. Finally, all-polymer solar cells were fabricated by using the block copolymers as the single active components or as surfactants. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.22 % with open circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.55 V, short circuit current density (Jsc) = 0.64 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) = 0.62 was recorded by using the donor---acceptor all-conjugated block copolymer as acceptor, and a PCE of 2.28 % with Voc = 0.61 V, Jsc = 7.00 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.54 was obtained when PNDI was used as a surfactant.

We report pentacene-based organic field-effect transistor memory devices utilizing supramolecular electrets, consisting of a polyimide, PI(6FOH-ODPA), containing hydroxyl groups for hydrogen bonding with amine functionalized aromatic rings (AM) of 1-aniline (AM1), 2-naphthylamine (AM2), 2-aminoanthracene (AM3), and 1-aminopyrene (AM4). The effect of the phenyl ring size and composition of AM1-AM4 on the hole-trapping capability of the fabricated devices was investigated systematically. Under an operating voltage under ±40 V, the prepared devices using the electrets of 100 % AM1-AM4/PI ratios exhibited a memory window of 0, 8.59, 25.97, and 29.95 V, respectively, suggesting that the hole-trapping capability increased with enhancing phenyl ring size. The memory window was enhanced as the amount of AM in PI increased. Furthermore, the devices showed a long charge-retention time of 10(4) s with an ON/OFF current ratio of around 10(3) -10(4) and multiple switching stability over 100 cycles. This study demonstrated that the electrical characteristics of the OFET memory devices could be manipulated through the chemical compositions of the supramolecular electrets.

Field-effect transistor memories usually require one additional charge storage layer between the gate contact and organic semiconductor channel. To avoid such complication, new donor–acceptor rod–coil diblock copolymers (P3HT44-b-Pison) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-block-poly(pendent isoindigo) (Piso) are designed, which exhibit high performance transistor memory characteristics without additional charge storage layer. The P3HT and Piso blocks are acted as the charge transporting and storage elements, respectively. The prepared P3HT44-b-Pison can be self-assembled into fibrillar-like nanostructures after the thermal annealing process, confirmed by atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. The lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital levels of the studied polymers are significantly lowered as the block length of Piso increases, leading to a stronger electron affinity as well as charge storage capability. The field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated from P3HT44-b-Pison possess p-type mobilities up to 4.56 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, similar to that of the regioregular P3HT. More interestingly, the FET memory devices fabricated from P3HT44-b-Pison exhibit a memory window ranging from 26 to 79 V by manipulating the block length of Piso, and showed stable long-term data endurance. The results suggest that the FET characteristics and data storage capability can be effectively tuned simultaneously through donor/acceptor ratio and thin film morphology in the block copolymer system.

Novel multifunctional fluorescent electrospun (ES) nanofibers exhibiting high sensitivity for various metal ions were prepared from binary blends of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-methylolacrylamide) (poly(HEMA-co-NMA)) and 9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-bipyridine (bpy-F-bpy) by using a single-capillary spinneret. Different compositions of poly(HEMA-co-NMA) were synthesized through free-radical polymerization. The HEMA moieties were designed to exhibit hydrophilic properties, and the NMA content substantially affected the stability of the ES nanofibers in water. Experimental optical spectra and simulation results demonstrated that the fluorescent sensing probe bpy-polyfluorene-bpy could detect various metal ions. ES nanofibers prepared from copolymers with a 77:23 HEMA:NMA ratio blended with 5% bpy-F-bpy (P2–5) exhibited apparent color change from blue to green, color change from blue to blue-green and fluorescence quenching when detecting Zn2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+, respectively. The P2–5 ES nanofibers exhibited ultrasensitivity for Zn2+ (10−7–10−3 m) because of the 70 nm red shift of the emission maximum, and high reversibility because of their on–off switchable fluorescence emission upon the sequential addition of Zn2+ and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid cycled several times. These results and a microfluidics system study indicated that the nanofibers, which have a high surface-to-volume ratio, can be used as ‘naked eye’ sensors for sensing various metal ions and as efficient multifunctional chemosensor-filtering devices. The chemosensor-filter based on novel multifunctional fluorescent electrospun (ES) nanofibers exhibiting high sensitivity for various metal ions were prepared from binary blends poly(HEMA-co-NMA) and bpy-F-bpy by using a single-capillary spinneret. It shows apparent color change from blue (blank) to green, to blue-green and to be fluorescence quenching when detecting Zn2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+, respectively, and high reversibility. A microfluidics system study indicated that these nanofibers can be used as ‘naked eye’ sensors for sensing various metal ions and as efficient multifunctional chemosensor-filtering devices.

The wrapping abilities of comb-like polymers with pendant conjugated fluorine moieties and their tunable electrical properties of SWNTs were discussed. It is found that longer side-chain-conjugated fluorene segments in homopolymer (P(St-Fl)300, 7) can strongly bind to the SWNTs surfaces through π–π interaction and its copolymer (P2VP79-co-P(St-Fl)347, 5a) lead to predominant dispersion of SWNTs due to the flexibility of P2VP for further increasing the solubility. Thus, SWNTs wrapped by 5a after thermal annealing can be selected as a gate electrode, whereas the spin-coated SWNTs wrapped by 7 can be as a semiconductor for the FET channel, resulting in a mobility of 0.82 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of 0.35 V and an ON/OFF ratio of 2.8 × 104.

A series of naphthalene diimide-based conjugated polymers are prepared with various molar percentage of low molecular weight polystyrene (PS) oligomer of narrow polydispersity as the side chain. The PS side chains are incorporated through preparation of a macromonomer by chain termination of living anionic polymerization. The effects of the PS side chains amount (0–20 mol%) versus overall sidechain on the electrical properties of the resulting polymers as n-type polymer semiconductors in field-effect transistors are investigated. We observe that all the studied polymers show similarly high electron mobility (≈0.2 cm2 V−1 s−1). Importantly, the polymers with high PS side chain content (20 mol%) show a significantly improved device stability under ambient conditions, when compared to the polymers at lower PS content (0–10 mol%). By comparing this observation to the physical blending of the conjugated polymer with PS, we attribute the improved stability to the covalently attached PS side chains potentially serving as a molecular encapsulating layer around the conjugated polymer backbone, rendering it less susceptible to electron traps such as oxygen and water molecules.

Over the past decades, the demand for organic memory has rapidly increased due to the development of flexible electronics. In this article, state-of-the-art nanostructured materials-based organic memory is reviewed, including nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene and nanowires. The operation mechanism and the impact of nanostructured materials on the electrical performance are discussed. Moreover, proposed charge-trapping mechanisms using nano-materials are reviewed to provide fundamental understanding as well as further performance improvement.

We report a nonvolatile organic transistor-type memory based on biaxially extended quaterthiophene (4T) and dithienothiophene-based donor (D)–acceptor (A) copolymers. In this work, the effects of donor–acceptor chemical structures on the memory characteristics were investigated. We have found that the charge storage capability can be manipulated by the acceptor strength of the donor–acceptor copolymers. 4T-based D–A copolymers with strong electron-accepting benzothiadiazole (P4T-BT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (P4T-DPP) exhibited large memory windows (55 and 79 V, respectively). However, the donor-only copolymer, poly(4T-dithenothiophene) (P4T-DTT), and the D–A copolymer with weak electron-withdrawing qunioxaline (P4T-Q) showed smaller memory windows of 7 and 11 V, respectively. This indicates that the strong acceptors play a crucial rule in enhancing memory behaviors. The ON and OFF states of the D–A polymer devices can be maintained over 3 × 104 s with the Ion/Ioff current ratios of 102–105, and the write–read–erase–read (WRER) cycles can be operated over 200 cycles, indicating excellent nonvolatile flash-type memory behaviors. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work systematically investigating the influence of the chemical structures of the acceptor moieties on the nonvolatile flash polymer memory applications.

Biaxially extended thiophene–isoindigo donor–acceptor polymers, PIITT4T, PIITT4TSi, PII2T4T, PII2T4TSi, PII2T8T, and PII2T8TSi, were synthesized with different biaxially extended thiophene architectures and isoindigo alkyl chain groups. The electronic characteristics of the studied polymers could be manipulated by the polymer conformations and charge transfer interaction. Thin film morphologies and molecular organizations were explored through atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, demonstrating that the conformational distortion would effectively affect the self-organization ability and packing structures between polymer chains. The averaged charge carrier mobilities of the studied polymer-based field-effect transistors were in the range of 0.001–0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 with on/off ratios up to 105, relating to the architecture of the polymer skeleton and biaxially extended side chains. More attractive, flexible transistor devices fabricated on the poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrate were integrated using PII2T4TSi as the charge transporting material. Reproducible and reliable electrical characteristics (with a mobility ∼1 cm2 V−1 s−1) of the fabricated flexible device were achieved with the bending curvature of 5 mm, and stable transistor properties were maintained under 1000 bending cycles under ambient atmosphere. The experimental results suggested that the newly designed thiophene–isoindigo polymers could have potential applications in flexible electronic devices.

Solution processable cross-linked core-shell poly[poly(ethylene glycol)methylether methacrylate]-block-poly(2,5-dibromo-3-vinylthiophene) (poly(PEGMA)m-b-poly(DB3VT)n) nanoparticles are firstly explored as charge storage materials for transistor-type memory devices owing to their efficient and controllable ability in electric charge transfer and trapping.

Biocompatible deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), with high mechanical strength, was employed as the substrate for a Ag nanowire (Ag NW) pattern and then used to fabricate flexible resistor-type memory devices. The memory exhibited typical write-once-read-many (WORM)-type memory features with a high ON/OFF ratio (104), long-term retention ability (104 s) and excellent mechanical endurance.

We report the synthesis, morphology, and field effect transistor memory application of maltoheptaose-based block copolymers, maltoheptaose-block-poly(1-pyrenylmethyl methacrylate) (MH-b-PPyMA), and their supramolecules with (4-pyridyl)-acceptor-(4-pyridyl), MH(4Py-Acceptor-4Py)x-b-PPyMA. MH-b-PPyMA was prepared by the combination of the t-Bu-P4-catalyzed group transfer polymerization and the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. After the thermal annealing process, the MH-b-PPyMA bulk sample underwent microphase separation to form the sub-10 nm periodic self-assembled nanostructure. The self-assembled morphologies transform from the hexagonal cylinder packing to the body-centered cubic sphere arrangement and the disordered spherical nanodomain with the increase of the PPyMA segment length. On the contrary, only the spherical nanodomain was observed in the thermo-annealed thin film samples of both MH-b-PPyMA and MH(4Py-Acceptor-4Py)x-b-PPyMA. The electrical characteristics of the p-type pentacene-based OFET memory device were studied using the thermo-annealed polymer thin film as the electret layer. The MH(4Py-Acceptor-4Py)x-b-PPyMA-based organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices had the high hole mobility of 0.20–1.08 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the ON/OFF current (ION/IOFF) ratio of 107–108, in which the acceptor of the benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) based device possessed the higher hole mobility than that of the isoindigo-based one due to the more ordered packing pentacene crystals. The memory window (ΔVTH) of the supramolecule-based device was increased with enhancing the 4Py-Acceptor-4Py blending composition, and that of the MH(4Py-BT-4Py)1.5-b-PPyMA10-based device had the largest ΔVTH of ca. 9 V, a long-term retention time greater than 104 s and the high ION/IOFF memory ratio of 106–107 (reading at Vg = 0 V) for more than 100 programming/erasing cycles. Our results demonstrate that the bio-related block copolymers and their supramolecular thin film could be used as electret layers for high-performance nonvolatile flash green memory devices.

We prepared four series of triphenylamine (TPA)-based luminogens with various functional groups (diphthalic imide, tetracarboxylic acid, diphthalic anhydride, and pristine TPA) and substituted groups (–H, –Br, –CHO, and –CN), and corresponding fluorescent polyimides (PIs) were prepared from triarylamine-based dianhydride monomers with various aromatic and aliphatic diamine monomers for the investigation of their photophyscial behaviors. In the solution state, the introduction of strong electron acceptors such as formyl and cyano substituents in the luminogens induced strong emissions due to hybridized local and charge-transfer transitions (HLCTs). However, aggregated molecules containing these pendant electron-accepting groups resulted in quenching fluorescence behavior due to intermolecular interactions and energy transfers. Furthermore, the competition of aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects was investigated and is discussed.

A novel approach for using conjugated rod-coil materials as a floating gate in the fabrication of nonvolatile photonic transistor memory devices, consisting of n-type Sol-PDI and p-type C10-DNTT, is presented. Sol-PDI and C10-DNTT are used as dual functions of charge-trapping (conjugated rod) and tunneling (insulating coil), while n-type BPE-PDI and p-type DNTT are employed as the corresponding transporting layers. By using the same conjugated rod in the memory layer and transporting channel with a self-assembled structure, both n-type and p-type memory devices exhibit a fast response, a high current contrast between "Photo-On" and "Electrical-Off" bistable states over 105 , and an extremely low programing driving force of 0.1 V. The fabricated photon-driven memory devices exhibit a quick response to different wavelengths of light and a broadband light response that highlight their promising potential for light-recorder and synaptic device applications.

Background & Aim Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the single most common cause of death worldwide. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) exert strong immunomodulatory effects and angiogenesis property. MSC cell therapy in AMI therefore showed some beneficial effects in several studies and clinical trials. Here we isolated, expanded and characterized human bone marrow MSC in serum free condition under GTP regulation and evaluated the efficacy of these MSC in porcine AMI model after intracoronary injection. Methods, Results & Conclusion These MSC also showed strong immunosuppression, T cell suppression, immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activity by MLR, T cell proliferation, IDO activity and INF-r TNF-a expression assay. AMI was induced in Lee-Sung mini pigs by inflating an angioplasty balloon for 90 mins in the mid-left anterior descending artery. After reperfusion for 90min, MSC or buffer were intracoronary injected through the central lumen of the balloon catheter. Fifteen animals were randomly divided into three groups: shame control; AMI-M (MSCs injection); AMI-B (Buffer injection). After 90 min balloon occlusion, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography of three groups were reduced from 62.94±4.28% (sham), 62.46±2.10% (AMI-B), 61.01±3.21% (AMI-M) to 63.08±5.69 % (sham), 37.44±4.27% (AMI-B), 39.92±2.67% (AMI-M), respectively. ST-segment elevation were observed by electrocardiography. Three months after AMI, LEVF of sham group was 60.98±3.82 %. LVEF of AMI-B group remained low at 36.68±3.12 % while AMI-M group rose to 53.71±4.46 %. The concentration of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) of three groups were 4.6, 19.5 pg/mL (sham); 149.2, 388.6 pg/mL (AMI-B) and 21.9, 46.1 pg/mL (AMI-M) after 24 hours of AMI, respectively. Those biomarker of AMI-B was higher than ULRF while AMI-M group was reduced to lower than the MI reference value. It suggested that the MSC transplantation may suppress the myocardial necrosis caused by AMI. LEVF and MRI images as well as blood concentration of cTnT I/T were analyzed during five-month follow-up. After 5 months of observation, the status of tissue necrosis, fibrosis or angiogenesis were assayed by tissue analysis including TCC staining; hematoxylin-eosin staining; Masson Trichrome staining; immunohistochemistry staining with cTnT, cTnI, vWF and isolectin-B4. In conclusion, our bone marrow MSCs showed promising potential for cardiac function improvement after intracoronary transplantation into AMI Lee-Sung mini-pig.

At present, most of the reported conjugated polysquaraines are limited to the pyrrole and indolenine derivatives. Regarding such monotonous structural design, we herein develop two novel main-chain p-π conjugated polysquaraines through a facile metal-free polycondensation from anilinosquaraines. The success of our polymerization opens the diversity in the structural design of conjugated polysquaraines since the targeted polymers can be simply tailored through modifying the triphenylamine-based monomers. In this work, the fluorene and carbazole groups are employed as the bridging units to prepare P1 and P2, respectively. Both polymers exhibit clear p-type charge transport behaviour based on organic field-effect transistors, and particularly the fluorene-bridged P1 can yield an average hole mobility of 1.2 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, representing one of the best polysquaraines that have been reported so far. This study presents an effective method to prepare efficient polysquaraine-based semiconductors.

In this study, a series of alcohol-soluble cross-linked block copolymers (BCPs) consisting of poly( n-butyl acrylate) (poly( nBA)) and poly( N-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (poly(NVTri)) blocks with different individual functions and lengths are designed and developed. These presynthesized cross-linked BCPs (PBA

A compatible organic/inorganic nanocomposite film for a stretchable resistive memory device with high performance is demonstrated using poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(propyl methacrylate) (P4VP-b-PPMA) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle. The PPMA soft segment is designed for reducing the rigidity of the active layer, while the P4VP block serves as a charge-trapping component to induce conductive filament and also a compatible moiety for inorganic nanoparticles through hydrogen bonding. The experimental results show that the P4VP-b-PPMA-based electrical memory device exhibits write-once-read-many-times memory behavior and an excellent ON/OFF current ratio of over 105 with a stable turn-on voltage (Vset ) around -2.0 V and stable memory behavior upon stretching up to 60% strain. On the other hand, P4VP-b-PPMA/ZnO nanocomposite film switches the memory characteristic to the dynamic random access memory behavior. The stretchable memory device prepared from the nanocomposite film can have a stretching durability over 40% strain and up to 1000 times cycling stretch-relaxation test. This work demonstrates a new strategy using nanocomposite films with tunable electrical characteristics and enhanced mechanical properties for stretchable electrical devices.

Thus far, most of the layered quasi-2D perovskite materials exploited in the perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are based on large-size monoamine cations, which forms a bilayered organic barrier between the perovskite sheets (known as the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase). However, the organic spacer between the perovskite sheets can be composed of a single-layer diamine cation, for which the perovskite sheets might possess a strengthened connection due to the direct linkage of the diamine cation (referred as the Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase). Until now, the studies of PeLEDs based on the DJ phase 2D perovskite materials are still rare. Herein, a series of DJ phase quasi-2D EDBE(MAPbBr3)n-1PbBr4 perovskites [EDBE: 2,2-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylammonium)] is developed and their application in PeLEDs is investigated. Interestingly, different to the broad emission of the 2D EDBEPbBr4 film, the quasi-2D film exhibited a narrow emission, indicating a decreased lattice torsion and trap states. After careful device engineering, a green light-emitting perovskite LED based on the EDBE(MAPbBr3)2PbBr4 film is demonstrated to deliver a maximum luminescence of 1903 cd m−2 and a maximum EQE of 1.06%. We note such performance is inferior to the existing RP phase 2D perovskite, which is limited by the poor thermal stability of the studied EDBE-based 2D perovskites.

A one-step core/shell electrospinning technique is exploited to fabricate uniform luminous perovskite-based nanofibers, wherein the perovskite and the polymer are respectively employed in the core and the outer shell. Such a coaxial electrospinning technique enables the in situ formation of perovskite nanocrystals, exempting the needs of presynthesis of perovskite quantum dots or post-treatments. It is demonstrated that not only the luminous electrospun nanofibers can possess color-tunability by simply tuning the perovskite composition, but also the grain size of the formed perovskite nanocrystals is largely affected by the perovskite precursor stoichiometry and the polymer solution concentration. Consequently, the optimized perovskite electrospun nanofiber yields a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 30.9%, significantly surpassing the value of its thin-film counterpart. Moreover, owing to the hydrophobic characteristic of shell polymer, the prepared perovskite nanofiber is endowed with a high resistance to air and water. Its photoluminescence intensity remains constant while stored under ambient environment with a relative humidity of 85% over a month and retains intensity higher than 50% of its initial intensity while immersed in water for 48 h. More intriguingly, a white light-emitting perovskite-based nanofiber is successfully fabricated by pairing the orange light-emitting compositional perovskite with a blue light-emitting conjugated polymer.

We synthesized a series of new intrinsically stretchable block copolymers (BCPs) in linear AB-type, ABA-type, and star-shaped architectures composed of oligosaccharide (MH) and flexible poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) blocks for the application in field-effect transistor memory. The BCP thin films are used as the charge trapping layers in the memory devices where the BCPs phase separate into ordered MH microdomains in soft PBA matrices. The MH microdomain works as the charge-trapping sites while the soft PBA matrix provides a stretchability. In particular, the BCPs of the ABA-type and star-shaped architectures with the end MH blocks not only show superior memory performances but also form physical networks that impart mechanical resilience to the thin films such that they can endure 100% strain without formation of cracks. The mobilities and the memory windows of the devices are nearly constant even when the charge trapping layers are stretched and released at 50% strain for 1000 cycles. This work highlights...

A systematic study on the effects of heteroarenes on the solid state structure and optoelectronic properties of isoindigo analogues, namely, PBDT-IIG and PBDT-TIIG, used in solution-processed organic field effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is reported. We discover that the optical absorption, frontier orbitals, backbone coplanarity, molecular orientation, solubility, film morphology, charge carrier mobility, and solar cell performance are critically influenced by the heteroarenes in the acceptor subunits. PBDT-IIG exhibits good p-type OFET performance with mobility up to 1.03 × 10–1 cm2 V–1 s–1, whereas PBDT-TIIG displays ambipolar mobilities of μh = 7.06 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1 and μe = 2.81 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1. PBDT-IIG and PBDT-TIIG blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) yield promising power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 5.86% and 2.55%, respectively. The excellent mobility of PBDT-IIG can be attributable to the growing fraction of edge-on packing by t...

The interaction between the intercalant within clay and the compatibilizer is essential to the properties of nanocomposites, and the compatibilizer properties are often neglected. In this work, we have deliberately used a low crystallinity polyolefin elastomer as a compatibilizer to investigate if the inferior mechanical properties of the compatibilizer compared with those of the matrix would counteract the effects of high dispersion of clay in the mPE/clay systems. Melt-mixed mPE (metallocene polyethylene)/clay nanocomposites were thus prepared using a low-crystallinity polyolefin elastomer (mPE-g-silane) as a compatibilizer under two different types of commercial clay (Cloisite 20A and 30B) with different organic affinities to mPE-g-silane, to investigate both intercalant and compatibilizer effects. According to X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses, all 20A-filled nanocomposites showed fairly well-dispersed clay within the mPE matrix in comparison with 30B-filled cases due to a larger d-spacing of 20A for easier access of the compatibilizer, even though a higher affinity between 30B and the compatibilizer was expected. Measurable gel content was observed for 20A-filled systems, but not for 30B-filled systems. Tensile properties and tear strength of 20A-filled samples were higher than those of 30B-filled samples, again due to the high dispersion effect in 20A-filled samples. Thus, the affinity of 20A clay with silane agent was quite essential for these compatibilized mPE/clay systems, despite of the weak mechanical properties of the compatibilizer. Clearly, a subtle balance of the interfacial interaction, interface properties and clay dispersion is essential to attain the good mechanical properties of mPE/clay nanocomposites.

Biaxially thiophene side chain extended thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT2T)-based polymers, PTTT2T, P2TTT2T, PTTTT2T, and PTVTTT2T, were synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization with different conjugated moieties of thiophene (T), bithiophene (2T), thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT), and thiophene–vinylene–thiophene (TVT), respectively. The electronic properties of the prepared polymers could be effectively tuned because the variant π-conjugated building block affected the backbone conformation and the resulted morphology. The morphology of the thin films characterized by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction showed that P2TTT2T and PTVTTT2T thin films possessed a better molecular packing with a nanofiber structure owing to their coplanar backbone. The average field-effect mobilities of PTTT2T, P2TTT2T, PTTTT2T, and PTVTTT2T were 6.7 × 10–6, 0.36, 2.2 × 10–3, and 0.64 cm2 V–1 s–1 (maximum 0.71), respectively, attributed to the coplanarity of polymer skeleton. In addition, the fabricated ...

A novel series of naphthalene-diimide-based semiconducting polymers (P1–P4) containing benzodithiophene or dithienopyrrole were successfully synthesized for ambipolar semiconducting materials showing near infrared absorptions. The incorporation of a 3-hexylthiophene (3HT) spacer extended the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) peak from λonset = 739 nm (P1) to 785 nm (P3). Moreover, about 250 nm red-shift of the ICT peaks was observed in P2 and P4 compared to P1 and P3 due to the increased high-lying HOMO energy levels. The grazing incidence X-ray scattering of the P3 and P4 films proved the slightly improved crystalline order in the π−π stacking direction, indicating that the planar backbone is probably due to the introduced 3HT. The P1–P4-based field-effect transistor showed n-type dominant ambipolar characteristics. The P2 and P4 showed higher electron mobilities up to 1.5 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 than P1 and P3, which might be influenced by the orientation of the polymer backbone and the intermolecular orbital overlap. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015

Multifunctional electrospun (ES) nanofibers prepared from random copolymers of poly{(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(stearyl acid)-co-[9,9-dihexylfluorene-2-bipyridine-7-(4-vinylphenyl)]} (poly(NIPAAm-co-SA-co-FBPY) were successfully prepared from the electrospinning technique with a single-capillary spinneret. FBPY demonstrated blue or red shift in emission wavelength and fluorescence quenching when chelating with different metal ions. With appropriate composition of SA in the copolymer, films and nanofibers could maintain their morphology in aqueous solution at different thermal treatments. Polymers in three states, solution, film and nanofiber, were prepared and their effects on sensing ability were investigated. The smooth nanofibers prepared from P2 (with copolymer composition of NIPAAm:SA:FBPY = 93:6:1) demonstrated superior sensitivity as low as 10−5 M in sensing zinc ions as compared to polymer films (10−3 M) due to the high specific surface area of nanofibers. The porous nanofibers of P2 were also manufactured to further enhance sensing performance and showed the best sensitivity (10−6 M) among three states when sensing with zinc ions (sensitivity of polymer solution in THF was about 10−5 M). These nanofibers also exhibit an interesting “on/off” switch behavior with decreasing temperature from 40 to 10 °C due to the hydrophobic–hydrophilic transition of NIPAAm moieties which cause the gradual swelling of nanofibers. These results indicated that the new nanofibers could have potential applications in multifunctional sensory devices.

An efficient and straight forward procedure for the syntheses of bicyclic isoxazole/isoxazoline derivatives from the corresponding dimethyl-2-(2-nitro-1-aryl/alkyl)-2-(prop-2-yn-1yl)malonates or dimethyl 2-allyl-2-(2-nitro-1-aryl/alkyl ethyl)malonate is described. High yields and simple operations are important features of this methodology.

A series of isoindigo-based conjugated polymers (PII2F-CmSi, m = 3–11) with alkyl siloxane-terminated side chains are prepared, in which the branching point is systematically “moved away” from the conjugated backbone by one carbon atom. To investigate the structure–property relationship, the polymer thin film is subsequently tested in top-contact field-effect transistors, and further characterized by both grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Hole mobilities over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 is exhibited for all soluble PII2F-CmSi (m = 5–11) polymers, which is 10 times higher than the reference polymer with same polymer backbone. PII2F-C9Si shows the highest mobility of 4.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, even though PII2F-C11Si exhibits the smallest π–π stacking distance at 3.379 A. In specific, when the branching point is at, or beyond, the third carbon atoms, the contribution to charge transport arising from π–π stacking distance shortening becomes less significant. Other factors, such as thin-film microstructure, crystallinity, domain size, become more important in affecting the resulting device's charge transport.

Stimuli-responsive conjugated rod-coil block copolymers have received extensive attention recently because the stimuli-responsive coils, which undergo structure, shape, and property changes as triggered by external signals. They also take the advantages of conjugated rods, which provide tunable structural control and photophysical properties due to their π–π interaction. This review focuses on the recent progress in stimuli-responsive conjugated rod-coil block copolymers on their synthetic routes, stimuli-induced transitions in morphologies, and numerous applications in different fields. We first provide an overview on synthetic methods to prepare copolymers with two major architectures: linear and hyperbranched copolymers. Moreover, the effects of different stimuli on their morphological transitions and their corresponding photophysical properties are summarized. Finally, the promising applications of these block copolymers based on single or multiple stimuli-responsive systems are discussed and highlighted for “intelligent” sensory device and biomedical systems for theranostics.

A molecular nano-floating gate (NFG) of pentacene-based transistor memory devices is developed using conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPN) as the discrete trapping sites embedded in an insulating polymer, poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA). The nanoparticles of polyfluorene (PF) and poly(fluorene-alt-benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (PFBT) with average diameters of around 50–70 nm are used as charge-trapping sites, while hydrophilic PMAA serves as a matrix and a tunneling layer. By inserting PF nanoparticles as the floating gate, the transistor memory device reveals a controllable threshold voltage shift, indicating effectively electron-trapping by the PF CPN. The electron-storage capability can be further improved using the PFBT-based NFG since their lower unoccupied molecular orbital level is beneficial for stabilization of the trapped charges, leading a large memory window (35 V), retention time longer than 104 s with a high ON/OFF ratio of >104. In addition, the memory device performance using conjugated polymer nanoparticle NFG is much higher than that of the corresponding polymer blend thin films of PF/polystyrene. It suggests that the discrete polymer nanoparticles can be effectively covered by the tunneling layer, PMAA, to achieve the superior memory characteristics.

We report the synthesis and characterization of multifunctional triblock copolymers, poly(1-pyrenemethylmethacrylate)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(N-methylolacrylamide) (PPy-b-PNIPAAm-b-PNMA), and their electrospun (ES) nanofibers for temperature or metal-ion sensing. The triblock copolymers are composed of fluorescent and metal-ion-sensitive PPy, thermoresponsive PNIPAAm, and chemically crosslinkable PNMA segments. Non-crosslinked ES nanofibers are initially prepared using the aforementioned PPy-b-PNIPAAm-b-PNMA triblock copolymers followed by thermal crosslinking. It is found that ES nanofibers prepared from PPy-b-PNIPAAm-b-PNMA can self-assemble to form nano-scale spherical aggregates with PNMA located at the core, PNIPAAm at the center layer, and PPy at the shell. This self-assembly characteristic therefore induces a strong excimer emission between the pyrenyl moieties. The crosslinking process between PNMA blocks is then implemented to stabilize the ES nanofibers since the non-crosslinked ones are metastable objects. The resulting crosslinked nanofibers exhibit a predominant wettability and dimension stability under aqueous states, and can perform a detectable photoluminescence transition at different temperatures or toward an Fe3+ ion. In contrast to their counterpart drop-cast film, ES nanofibers with a high surface/volume ratio have obviously higher sensing ability toward thermal stimuli and metal ions, and are expected to be applied as multifunctional sensory devices.

We fabricated dual functional electrospun (ES) nanofibers by a coaxial electrospinning technique for enhancing the organic photovoltaic (OPV) device efficiency. The nanofibers contained poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PFBT) nanoparticles as the luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) and Ag nanoparticles for the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. Aligned- and crossed-fiber architecture patterns were fabricated to compare the effects of the architecture on the OPV efficiency. The plasmonic-enhanced LSC ES nanofibers with crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) could be directly integrated into the conventional OPV configuration without sacrificing the coverage area of the active layer. In addition, the in situ reduction of Ag nanoparticles simultaneously enhanced the exciton generation of PFBT and the active materials with the SPR effect. The dual functional ES nanofibers with a crossed-pattern embedded into OPV devices provided significant light harvesting through down conversion and enhanced exciton generation. They led to PCE values of 4.11 and 7.12% for P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) : PC61BM ([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) and PTB7 (polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene) : PC71BM ([6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester) ([6,6]-phenyl) photovoltaic cells, respectively, which are 18% enhancements compared to their parent devices. This interface-modification approach using plasmonic-enhanced LSC ES nanofibers provides a new approach for enhancing the OPV device performance.